How bees can keep the peace between elephants and humans | Lucy King

85,257 views ใƒป 2020-02-28

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: yael ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Shai Hakim
00:12
Ever since I can remember,
0
12778
1896
ืžืื– ืฉืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื™,
00:14
African elephants have filled me with a sense of complete awe.
1
14698
4235
ืคื™ืœื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ืžื™ืœืื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืขืœื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช.
00:19
They are the largest land mammal alive today on planet Earth,
2
19532
3537
ื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืง ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื—ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
00:23
weighing up to seven tons,
3
23093
2159
ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืข ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช,
00:25
standing three and a half meters tall at the shoulder.
4
25276
3238
ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
00:28
They can eat up to 400 kilos of food in a day,
5
28538
3444
ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขื“ 400 ืงื™ืœื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื,
00:32
and they disperse vital plant seeds across thousands of kilometers
6
32006
4539
ื•ื”ื ืžืคื–ืจื™ื ื–ืจืขื™ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื
00:36
during their 50-to-60-year life span.
7
36569
2467
ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 50-60 ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
00:39
Central to their compassionate and complex society are the matriarchs.
8
39530
4333
ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืœืืช ื”ื—ืžืœื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืช.
00:44
These female, strong leaders nurture the young
9
44252
3349
ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ืžื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
00:47
and navigate their way through the challenges of the African bush
10
47625
3063
ื•ืžื ื•ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืจื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื•ืื ื” ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช
00:50
to find food, water and security.
11
50712
2200
ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ื›ืœ, ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
00:53
Their societies are so complex,
12
53554
1841
ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช,
00:55
we're yet to still fully tease apart
13
55419
2302
ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืคืจืง ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
00:57
how they communicate, how they verbalize to each other,
14
57745
2587
ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื, ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื”,
01:00
how their dialects work.
15
60356
1626
ืื™ืš ื”ื“ื™ืืœืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
01:02
And we don't really understand yet how they navigate the landscape,
16
62006
4071
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžื ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘,
01:06
remembering the safest places to cross a river.
17
66101
2949
ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ื ื”ืจ.
01:09
I'm pretty sure that like me,
18
69728
1758
ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉื›ืžื•ื ื™,
01:11
most of you in this room have a similar positive emotional response
19
71510
3734
ืœืจื•ื‘ื›ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ืžื”
01:15
to these most magnificent of all animals.
20
75268
2400
ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช.
01:18
It's really hard not to have watched a documentary,
21
78117
2420
ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืกืจื˜ ื“ื•ืงื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™,
01:20
learned about their intelligence
22
80561
1533
ืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื
01:22
or, if you've been lucky, to see them for yourselves
23
82118
2626
ืื• ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื–ืœ, ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•,
01:24
on safari in the wild.
24
84768
1634
ื‘ืกืคืืจื™ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข.
01:27
But I wonder how many of you
25
87085
1444
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืชื•ื”ื” ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื
01:28
have been truly, utterly terrified by them.
26
88553
4141
ื—ื•ื• ืคื—ื“ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืœื.
01:34
I was lucky to be brought up in Southern Africa
27
94482
2262
ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืžื–ืœ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”
01:36
by two teacher parents
28
96768
1468
ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื™ื
01:38
who had long holidays but very short budgets.
29
98260
3055
ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ.
01:41
And so we used to take our old Ford Cortina Estate,
30
101898
3420
ืื– ื ื”ื’ื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ืจื“ ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื” ืืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
01:45
and with my sister, we'd pile in the back,
31
105342
2032
ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื—ื•ืชื™, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืจื–ื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ืžืื—ื•ืจ,
01:47
take our tents and go camping in the different game reserves
32
107398
2817
ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืงืžืคื™ื ื’ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
01:50
in Southern Africa.
33
110239
1262
ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
01:51
It really was heaven for a young, budding zoologist like myself.
34
111525
3452
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืœื–ื•ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืžื•ื ื™.
01:55
But I remember even at that young age
35
115398
2349
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื”
01:57
that I found the tall electric fences blocking off the game parks
36
117771
3658
ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉื”ืงื™ืคื• ืืช ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข
02:01
quite divisive.
37
121453
1259
ื“ื™ ืžืคืจื™ื“ื•ืช.
02:03
Sure, they were keeping elephants out of the communities,
38
123077
2675
ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื ืฉืžืจื• ืฉื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘,
02:05
but they also kept communities out of their wild spaces.
39
125776
3428
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื”ื.
02:10
It really was quite a challenge to me at that young age.
40
130236
3396
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ืžืืชื’ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
02:14
It was only when I moved to Kenya at the age of 14,
41
134133
3222
ืจืง ื›ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœืงื ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 14,
02:17
when I got to connect to the vast, wild open spaces of East Africa.
42
137379
4722
ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื–ืจื— ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
02:22
And it is here now that I feel truly, instinctively,
43
142125
3754
ื•ื‘ื”ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื
02:25
really at home.
44
145903
1285
ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
02:27
I spent many, many happy years studying elephant behavior in a tent,
45
147902
3683
ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื, ื‘ืื•ื”ืœ,
02:31
in Samburu National Reserve,
46
151609
2006
ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืกืžื‘ื•ืจื•,
02:33
under the guideship of professor Fritz Vollrath and Iain Douglas-Hamilton,
47
153639
4237
ืชื—ืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืคืจื™ืฅ ื•ื•ืœืจื˜ ื•ืื™ืืŸ ื“ื’ืœืืก-ื”ืžื™ืœื˜ื•ืŸ,
02:37
studying for my PhD and understanding the complexities of elephant societies.
48
157900
4635
ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื.
02:43
But now, in my role as head of the human-elephant coexistence program
49
163791
3938
ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื›ืจืืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื“ื•-ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืคื™ืœื™ื
02:47
for Save the Elephants,
50
167753
1325
ืœื”ืฆืœืช ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื,
02:49
we're seeing so much change happening so fast
51
169102
4116
ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ
02:53
that it's urged a change in some of our research programs.
52
173242
4198
ืฉื”ื ื’ืจืžื• ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
02:57
No longer can we just sit and understand elephant societies
53
177464
3492
ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืจืง ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื
03:00
or study just how to stop the ivory trade,
54
180980
2802
ืื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื‘,
03:03
which is horrific and still ongoing.
55
183806
2438
ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ืจื™ื“ ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ.
03:06
We're having to change our resources more and more
56
186268
2754
ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
03:09
to look at this rising problem of human-elephant conflict,
57
189046
4142
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืคื™ืœื™ื,
03:13
as people and pachyderms compete for space and resources.
58
193212
3579
ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.
03:17
It was only as recently as the 1970s
59
197536
2049
ืขื“ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70
03:19
that we used to have 1.2 million elephants roaming across Africa.
60
199609
4293
ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 1.2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ื“ื“ื• ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
03:23
Today, we're edging closer to only having 400,000 left.
61
203926
4738
ื›ื™ื•ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœืงื• ืฉืœ ืจืง 400,000 ืคื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื•.
03:29
And at the same time period, the human population has quadrupled,
62
209093
4270
ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฆืžื—ื” ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืข,
03:33
and the land is being fragmented at such a pace
63
213387
2317
ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืชื—ืœืงืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”
03:35
that it's really hard to keep up with.
64
215728
2533
ืฉืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื•.
03:38
Too often, these migrating elephants end up stuck inside communities,
65
218673
3682
ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื™, ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ื”ื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืชืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘,
03:42
looking for food and water
66
222379
1294
ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืชื™ื”
03:43
but ending up breaking open water tanks,
67
223697
2555
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื,
03:46
breaking pipes
68
226276
1157
ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช
03:47
and, of course, breaking into food stores for food.
69
227457
2930
ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืื•ื›ืœ.
03:50
It's really a huge challenge.
70
230411
1933
ื–ื” ืืชื’ืจ ืžืžืฉ ืขืฆื•ื.
03:52
Can you imagine the terror
71
232968
1523
ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื—ืฉื™ื
03:54
of an elephant literally ripping the roof off your mud hut
72
234515
3593
ืื ืคื™ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื™ืฃ ืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืชืช ื”ื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉืœื›ื?
03:58
in the middle of the night
73
238132
1296
ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœื™ืœื”
03:59
and having to hold your children away
74
239452
2064
ื•ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
04:01
as the trunk reaches in, looking for food in the pitch dark?
75
241540
4418
ื›ืฉื”ื—ื“ืง ื ื›ื ืก ืคื ื™ืžื” ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš ืžื•ื—ืœื˜?
04:06
These elephants also trample and eat crops,
76
246585
2730
ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื’ื ืจื•ืžืกื™ื ื•ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
04:09
and this is traditionally eroding away
77
249339
2266
ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื–ื” ืžื›ืœื”
04:11
that tolerance that people used to have for elephants.
78
251629
2932
ืืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืฉืคืขื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื.
04:15
And sadly, we're losing these animals by the day
79
255046
3801
ื•ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื™ื•ืžื™
04:18
and, in some countries, by the hour --
80
258871
2984
ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช, ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืขืชื™ --
04:21
to not only ivory poaching
81
261879
1381
ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื‘
04:23
but this rapid rise in human-elephant conflict
82
263284
2611
ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื“ืจื“ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืคื™ืœื™ื
04:25
as they compete for space and resources.
83
265919
2666
ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.
04:28
It's a massive challenge.
84
268950
1206
ื–ื”ื• ืืชื’ืจ ืขืฆื•ื.
04:30
I mean, how do you keep seven-ton pachyderms,
85
270180
2961
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื™ืš ืžืจื—ื™ืงื™ื ืคื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉื‘ืข ื˜ื•ืŸ,
04:33
that often come in groups of 10 or 12,
86
273165
2077
ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ 10 ืื• 12 ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื
04:35
out of these very small rural farms
87
275266
2454
ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืงื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
04:37
when you're dealing with people
88
277744
1508
ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื
04:39
who are living on the very edge of poverty?
89
279276
3095
ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืงืฆื” ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื™?
04:42
They don't have big budgets.
90
282395
1401
ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
04:43
How do you resolve this issue?
91
283820
2939
ืื™ืš ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•?
04:47
Well, one issue is, you can just start to build electric fences,
92
287157
3603
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื,
04:50
and this is happening across Africa,
93
290784
1738
ื•ื–ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
04:52
we're seeing this more and more.
94
292546
1610
ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:54
But they are dividing up areas and blocking corridors.
95
294180
3642
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืกืžื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื.
04:57
And I'm telling you, these elephants don't think much of it either,
96
297846
3405
ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื›ื, ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื,
05:01
particularly if they're blocking a really special water hole
97
301275
2889
ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื—ื•ืกืžื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืื•ื“
05:04
where they need water,
98
304188
1183
ืื ื”ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ื,
05:05
or if there's a very attractive female on the other side.
99
305395
2708
ืื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืคื™ืœื” ื ืงื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
05:08
It doesn't take long to knock down one of these poles.
100
308127
2531
ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
05:10
And as soon as there's a gap in the fence,
101
310682
2056
ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ,
05:12
they go back, talk to their mates
102
312762
1666
ื”ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื, ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
05:14
and suddenly they're all through,
103
314452
1883
ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื,
05:16
and now you have 12 elephants on the community side of the fence.
104
316359
3498
ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœืš 12 ืคื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจ.
05:19
And now you're really in trouble.
105
319881
2151
ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช.
05:22
People keep trying to come up with new designs for electric fences.
106
322056
3519
ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื.
05:26
Well, these elephants don't think much of those either.
107
326421
2913
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืฉืžื™ื ื’ื ืขืœ ืืœื”.
05:29
(Laughter)
108
329761
2949
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:34
So rather than having these hard-line, straight, electric,
109
334296
5143
ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื, ืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื, ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื,
05:39
really divisive migratory-blocking fences,
110
339463
3661
ื”ืžืคืฆืœื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืกืžื™ื ืืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื“ื™ื“ื”,
05:43
there must be other ways to look at this challenge.
111
343148
2609
ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
05:45
I'm much more interested in holistic and natural methods
112
345781
2835
ืื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื
05:48
to keep elephants and people apart where necessary.
113
348640
2880
ืฉื™ืคืจื™ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื›ืฉืฆืจื™ืš.
05:52
Simply talking to people,
114
352180
1643
ืืคืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
05:53
talking to rural pastoralists in northern Kenya
115
353847
2262
ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื ื™ื”
05:56
who have so much knowledge about the bush,
116
356133
2547
ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื•ืื ื”,
05:58
we discovered this story that they had that elephants would not feed on trees
117
358704
3976
ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉืคื™ืœื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืขืฆื™ื
06:02
that had wild beehives in them.
118
362704
1866
ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืคืจืื™ื•ืช.
06:04
Now this was an interesting story.
119
364594
2017
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
06:06
As the elephants were foraging on the tree,
120
366635
2008
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืคื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืžืขืฆื™ื,
06:08
they would break branches and perhaps break open a wild beehive.
121
368667
3603
ื”ื ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ืคื™ื ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช.
06:12
And those bees would fly out of their natural nests
122
372294
3357
ื•ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื•ืจื—ื•ืช ืžื”ืงื ื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
06:15
and sting the elephants.
123
375675
1672
ื•ืขื•ืงืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื.
06:17
Now if the elephants got stung,
124
377371
1587
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ื ืขืงืฆื™ื,
06:18
perhaps they would remember that this tree was dangerous
125
378982
2643
ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื™ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื”ืขืฅ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ
06:21
and they wouldn't come back to that same site.
126
381649
2190
ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื.
06:23
It seems impossible that they could be stung through their thick skin --
127
383863
3453
ื ืจืื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืขืงื•ืฅ ืื•ืชื ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื --
06:27
elephant skin is around two centimeters thick.
128
387340
2366
ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืฉื ื™ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
06:29
But it seems that they sting them around the watery areas,
129
389730
2764
ืื‘ืœ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขื•ืงืฆื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœื—ื™ื,
06:32
around the eyes, behind the ears, in the mouth, up the trunk.
130
392518
3987
ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืคื”, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื“ืง.
06:36
You can imagine they would remember that very quickly.
131
396946
3237
ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื™ื–ื›ืจื• ืืช ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ.
06:40
And it's not really one sting that they're scared of.
132
400207
2866
ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืขืงื™ืฆื” ื”ืื—ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื ืžืžื ื”.
06:43
African bees have a phenomenal ability:
133
403097
2968
ืœื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”:
06:46
when they sting in one site, they release a pheromone
134
406089
2775
ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื“ื•ืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“, ื”ื ืžืฉื—ืจืจื•ืช ืคืจื•ืžื•ืŸ
06:48
that triggers the rest of the bees to come and sting the same site.
135
408888
3215
ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœืขืงื•ืฅ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื.
06:52
So it's not one beesting that they're scared of --
136
412127
2331
ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืขืงื™ืฆื” ืื—ืช ืฉืžืคื—ื™ื“ื” ืื•ืชื --
06:54
it's perhaps thousands of beestings,
137
414492
1872
ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืืœืคื™ ืขืงื™ืฆื•ืช,
06:56
coming to sting in the same area -- that they're afraid of.
138
416388
3105
ืฉืขื•ืงืฆื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื -- ืฉืžืคื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืชื.
06:59
And of course, a good matriarch
139
419961
1635
ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
07:01
would always keep her young away from such a threat.
140
421620
2928
ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืกื•ืชื” ืžืื™ื•ื ืฉื›ื–ื”.
07:04
Young calves have much thinner skins,
141
424572
1937
ืœื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืขื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืง,
07:06
and it's potential that they could be stung
142
426533
2039
ื•ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขืงืฆื• ืื•ืชื
07:08
through their thinner skins.
143
428596
1867
ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ื“ืง ื”ื–ื”.
07:10
So for my PhD, I had this unusual challenge
144
430950
3492
ืื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืืชื’ืจ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™
07:14
of trying to work out
145
434466
1382
ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
07:15
how African elephants and African bees would interact,
146
435872
3947
ืื™ืš ืคื™ืœื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื”,
07:19
when the theory was that they wouldn't interact at all.
147
439843
2873
ื›ืฉื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ืชืงืฉืจื• ื›ืœืœ.
07:22
How was I going to study this?
148
442740
2032
ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”?
07:24
Well, what I did was I took the sound of disturbed African honey bees,
149
444796
3980
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ื” ืฉืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืขืฉ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื“ื‘ืฉ ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”,
07:28
and I played it back to elephants resting under trees
150
448800
3420
ื•ื”ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืชื—ืช ืขืฆื™ื
07:32
through a wireless speaker system,
151
452244
1695
ื“ืจืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ืจืžืงื•ืœื™ื ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช,
07:33
so I could understand how they would react as if there were wild bees in the area.
152
453963
4479
ืื– ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžืฉ.
07:38
And it turns out that they react quite dramatically
153
458466
3087
ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™
07:41
to the sound of African wild bees.
154
461577
2267
ืœืจืขืฉ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช.
07:44
Here we are, playing the bee sounds back to this amazing group of elephants.
155
464990
3627
ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื•, ืžืฉืžื™ืขื™ื ืืช ืจืขืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœื™ื.
07:48
You can see the ears going up, going out,
156
468641
2721
ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืžืชืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, ื ืคืชื—ื•ืช,
07:51
they're turning their heads from side to side,
157
471386
2453
ื”ื ืžืคื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื”ื ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“,
07:53
one elephant is flicking her trunk to try and smell.
158
473863
2738
ืคื™ืœื” ืื—ืช ืฉื•ืœื—ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืง ืฉืœื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืจื™ื—.
07:57
There's another elephant that kicks one of calves on the ground
159
477050
3032
ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืคื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื˜ืช ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”
08:00
to tell it to get up as if there is a threat.
160
480106
2659
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืื™ื•ื ืืžื™ืชื™.
08:03
And one elephant triggers a retreat,
161
483210
2619
ื•ืคื™ืœื” ืื—ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืกื’ืช,
08:05
and soon the whole family of elephants are running after her
162
485853
4050
ื•ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ื›ื•ืœื” ืจืฆื” ืื—ืจื™ื”
08:09
across the savannah in a cloud of dust.
163
489927
3199
ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื•ื•ืื ื” ื‘ืขื ืŸ ืื‘ืง.
08:13
(Sound of bees buzzing)
164
493150
1704
(ืจืขืฉ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžื–ืžื–ืžื•ืช)
08:20
(Sound of bees ends)
165
500394
1285
(ื”ืจืขืฉ ืžืคืกื™ืง)
08:21
Now I've done this experiment many, many times,
166
501703
4325
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื™ืฆืขื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื,
08:26
and the elephants almost always flee.
167
506052
2651
ื•ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื•ืจื—ื™ื.
08:28
Not only do they run away,
168
508727
1752
ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื ื‘ื•ืจื—ื™ื,
08:30
but they dust themselves as they're running,
169
510503
2087
ื”ื ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืื‘ืง ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืจื™ืฆื”,
08:32
as if to knock bees out of the air.
170
512614
2333
ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื.
08:35
And we placed infrasonic microphones around the elephants
171
515511
3480
ื•ื”ืฆื‘ื ื• ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ื ื™ื ืื™ื ืคืจืืกื•ื ื™ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื
08:39
as we did these experiments.
172
519015
1753
ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
08:40
And it turns out they're communicating to each other in infrasonic rumbles
173
520792
3651
ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื” ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ืคืจืืกื•ื ื™ื™ื
08:44
to warn each other of the threat of bees
174
524467
1936
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื
08:46
and to stay away from the area.
175
526427
2066
ื•ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžื”ืื–ื•ืจ.
08:49
So these behavioral discoveries
176
529038
1626
ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
08:50
really helped us understand how elephants would react
177
530688
2500
ืžืžืฉ ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืคื™ืœื™ื ื™ื’ื™ื‘ื•
08:53
should they hear or see bee sounds.
178
533212
2349
ืื ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืื• ื™ืจืื• ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
08:55
This led me to invent a novel design for a beehive fence,
179
535585
4119
ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื“ืจ ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช,
08:59
which we are now building around small, one-to-two-acre farms
180
539728
3476
ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื—ื•ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ื ื-ืฉืชื™ื™ื
09:03
on the most vulnerable frontline areas of Africa
181
543228
2713
ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
09:05
where humans and elephants are competing for space.
182
545965
2644
ืฉื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืคื™ืœื™ื ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื—.
09:09
These beehive fences are very, very simple.
183
549260
2089
ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช.
09:11
We use 12 beehives and 12 dummy hives
184
551373
3252
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘-12 ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื•-12 ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืžื”
09:14
to protect one acre of farmland.
185
554649
2396
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ื” ื—ืงืœืื™ืช.
09:17
Now a dummy hive is simply a piece of plywood
186
557069
2294
ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ื“ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฅ
09:19
which we cut into squares, paint yellow
187
559387
2238
ืฉื—ืชื›ื ื• ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืฆื‘ืขื ื• ื‘ืฆื”ื•ื‘,
09:21
and hang in between the hives.
188
561649
1658
ื•ืชืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช.
09:23
We're basically tricking the elephants
189
563331
1945
ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืคื™ืœื™ื
09:25
into thinking there are more beehives than there really are.
190
565300
2825
ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžืช.
09:28
And of course, it literally halves the cost of the fence.
191
568149
2841
ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžืงืฆืฅ ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ื—ืฆื™.
09:31
So there's a hive and a dummy hive
192
571014
1657
ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ื•ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ื“ืžื”
09:32
and a beehive and now dummy hive,
193
572695
1747
ื•ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ื“ืžื”,
09:34
every 10 meters around the outside boundary.
194
574466
2476
ื‘ื›ืœ 10 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
09:36
They're held up by posts
195
576966
1635
ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื
09:38
with a shade roof to protect the bees,
196
578625
2120
ืขื ื’ื’ ื”ืฆืœืœื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื,
09:40
and they're interconnected with a simple piece of plain wire,
197
580769
3152
ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืงื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ื‘ืœ ืžืชื›ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜,
09:43
which goes all the way around, connecting the hives.
198
583945
2434
ืฉืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.
09:46
So if an elephant tries to enter the farm,
199
586403
2456
ืื– ืื ืคื™ืœ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื•ื•ื”,
09:48
he will avoid the beehive at all cost,
200
588883
1846
ื”ื•ื ื™ื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ.
09:50
but he might try and push through between the hive and the dummy hive,
201
590753
3306
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื“ื—ืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ื•ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ื”ื“ืžื”,
09:54
causing all the beehives to swing as the wire hits his chest.
202
594083
3340
ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื›ื‘ืœ ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ื—ื–ื” ืฉืœื•.
09:57
And as we know from our research work,
203
597447
1961
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
09:59
this will cause the elephants to flee and run away --
204
599432
2915
ืฉื–ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื™ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ืœื‘ืจื•ื— --
10:02
and hopefully remember not to come back to that risky area.
205
602371
3737
ื•ื ืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
10:06
The bees swarm out of the hive,
206
606132
1731
ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื—ื™ืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื›ื•ื•ืจืช,
10:07
and they really scare the elephants away.
207
607887
2594
ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื.
10:10
These beehive fences we're studying using things like camera traps
208
610505
3469
ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืœื›ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆืœืžื”
10:13
to help us understand how elephants are responding
209
613998
2357
ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื
10:16
to them at night time,
210
616379
1205
ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”
10:17
which is when most of the crop raiding occurs.
211
617608
2262
ืฉืื– ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช.
10:19
And we found in our study farms
212
619894
2324
ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื•
10:22
that we're keeping up to 80 percent of elephants
213
622242
2716
ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืขื“ 80% ืžื”ืคื™ืœื™ื
10:24
outside of the boundaries of these farms.
214
624982
2484
ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
10:27
And the bees and the beehive fences are also pollinating the fields.
215
627966
4754
ื•ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื ืžืคืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช.
10:32
So we're having a great reduction both in elephant crop raids
216
632744
3666
ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืคื—ืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืคืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื
10:36
and a boost in yield through the pollination services
217
636434
2663
ื•ืขืœื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื”
10:39
that the bees are giving to the crops themselves.
218
639121
2670
ืฉื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขืฆืžื.
10:42
The strength of the beehive fences is really important --
219
642585
2673
ื›ื•ื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ --
10:45
the colonies have to be very strong.
220
645282
1915
ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืžืื•ื“.
10:47
So we're trying to help farmers grow pollinator-friendly crops
221
647221
2952
ืื– ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืคืจื•ืช
10:50
to boost their hives,
222
650197
2024
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
10:52
boost the strength of their bees
223
652245
1627
ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื›ื•ื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
10:53
and, of course, produce the most amazing honey.
224
653896
2871
ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:56
This honey is so valuable as an extra livelihood income for the farmers.
225
656791
4135
ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื.
11:01
It's a healthy alternative to sugar,
226
661244
2032
ื–ืืช ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืกื•ื›ืจ,
11:03
and in our community,
227
663300
1714
ื•ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•,
11:05
it's a very valuable present to give a mother-in-law,
228
665038
2515
ื–ืืช ืžืชื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืงืจื” ืœืชืช ืœื—ืžื•ืชืš,
11:07
which makes it almost priceless.
229
667577
1888
ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืกื•ืœื ืžืคื–.
11:09
(Laughter)
230
669489
2127
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:11
We now bottle up this honey,
231
671942
1665
ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืงื‘ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ื–ื”,
11:13
and we've called this wild beautiful honey Elephant-Friendly Honey.
232
673631
4103
ื•ืงืจืื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ืคืจืื™ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืฉ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœืคื™ืœื™ื.
11:17
It is a fun name,
233
677758
1151
ื–ื” ืฉื ื›ื™ื™ืคื™,
11:18
but it also attracts attention to our project
234
678933
2190
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื•ืฉืš ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœื ื•
11:21
and helps people understand what we're trying to do
235
681147
2405
ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
11:23
to save elephants.
236
683576
1152
ืœื”ืฆืœืช ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื.
11:24
We're working now with so many women
237
684752
1746
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืขื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืฉื™ื
11:26
in over 60 human-elephant conflict sites
238
686522
2581
ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-60 ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
11:29
in 19 countries in Africa and Asia
239
689127
2507
ื‘-19 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื•ืืกื™ื”
11:31
to build these beehive fences,
240
691658
2030
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช,
11:33
working very, very closely with so many farmers
241
693712
2426
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆืžื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืงืœืื™ื
11:36
but particularly now with women farmers,
242
696162
2280
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืจื’ืข ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช,
11:38
helping them to live better in harmony with elephants.
243
698466
3126
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืขื ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื.
11:41
One of the things we're trying to do is develop a toolbox of options
244
701616
3444
ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืคืชื— ืืจื’ื– ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช
11:45
to live in better harmony with these massive pachyderms.
245
705084
3144
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ื”ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
11:48
One of those issues is to try and get farmers,
246
708252
2151
ืื—ื“ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื
11:50
and women in particular,
247
710427
1222
ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
11:51
to think different about what they're planting
248
711673
2190
ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืœ
11:53
inside their farms as well.
249
713887
1301
ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
11:55
So we're looking at planting crops
250
715212
1648
ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ ืฉื“ื”
11:56
that elephants don't particularly want to eat, like chillies,
251
716884
2880
ืฉื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ื›ืžื• ืคืœืคืœื™ ืฆ'ื™ืœื™,
11:59
ginger, Moringa, sunflowers.
252
719788
2273
ื’'ื™ื ื’'ืจ, ืžื•ืจื™ื ื’ื”, ื—ืžื ื™ื•ืช.
12:02
And of course, the bees and the beehive fences love these crops too,
253
722085
3223
ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
12:05
because they have beautiful flowers.
254
725332
1785
ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืคืจื—ื™ื ื™ืคื™ื.
12:07
One of these plants is a spiky plant called sisal --
255
727141
2690
ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ืงื•ืฆื ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืกื™ืกืœ (ืื’ื‘ื”) --
12:09
you may know this here as jute.
256
729855
1873
ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื ื’'ื•ื˜.
12:12
And this amazing plant can be stripped down
257
732075
2516
ื•ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืœืฃ ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ืฉืœื•
12:14
and turned into a weaving product.
258
734615
2341
ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ืœื ืœืืจื™ื’ื”.
12:16
We're working with these amazing women now
259
736980
2072
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
12:19
who live daily with the challenges of elephants
260
739076
2666
ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืคื™ืœื™ื
12:21
to use this plant to weave into baskets
261
741766
2969
ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืœื•ืข ืกืœื™ื
12:24
to provide an alternative income for them.
262
744759
2548
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
12:27
We've just started construction only three weeks ago
263
747696
2484
ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช
12:30
on a women's enterprise center
264
750204
2031
ืžืจื›ื– ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื
12:32
where we're going to be working with these women
265
752259
2318
ืฉื ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
12:34
not only as expert beekeepers
266
754601
1516
ืœื ืจืง ื›ื“ื‘ื•ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช
12:36
but as amazing basket weavers;
267
756141
1658
ืืœื ื›ืงื•ืœืขื•ืช ืกืœื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช;
12:37
they're going to be processing chili oils, sunflower oils,
268
757823
3111
ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืฉืžืŸ ืฆ'ื™ืœื™, ืฉืžืŸ ื—ืžื ื™ื•ืช,
12:40
making lip balms and honey,
269
760958
1945
ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ,
12:42
and we're somewhere on our way to helping these participating farmers
270
762927
3244
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืชืŸ ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืชืชืคื•ืช
12:46
live with better eco-generating projects that live and work better
271
766195
4397
ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“
12:50
with living with elephants.
272
770616
1840
ืขื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื™ืœื™ื.
12:52
So whether it's matriarchs
273
772480
1723
ืื– ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืœื” ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช
12:54
or mothers or researchers like myself,
274
774227
3064
ืื• ืืžื”ื•ืช ืื• ื—ื•ืงืจื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
12:57
I do see more women coming to the forefront now
275
777315
2590
ืื ื™ ืื›ืŸ ืจื•ืื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
12:59
to think differently and more boldly about the challenges that we face.
276
779929
4045
ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืชืขื•ื–ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
13:04
With more innovation,
277
784481
1556
ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช,
13:06
and perhaps with some more empathy towards each other,
278
786061
3444
ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื–ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื–ื”,
13:09
I do believe we can move from a state of conflict with elephants
279
789529
3413
ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืขื ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื
13:12
to true coexistence.
280
792966
1947
ืœื“ื•-ืงื™ื•ื ืืžื™ืชื™.
13:15
Thank you.
281
795341
1159
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
13:16
(Applause)
282
796524
6087
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7