Amory Lovins: We must win the oil endgame

56,796 views ใƒป 2008-01-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Gad Amit ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
The old story about climate protection is that it's costly,
0
12160
5000
ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจ,
00:17
or it would have been done already.
1
17160
2000
ืื• ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื›ื‘ืจ.
00:19
So government needs to make us do something painful to fix it.
2
19160
3000
ื›ืš ืฉืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืฉื”ื• "ื›ื•ืื‘" ืœืชืงืŸ ื–ืืช.
00:22
The new story about climate protection
3
22160
2000
ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื
00:24
is that it's not costly, but profitable.
4
24160
2000
ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจ, ื–ื” ืจื•ื•ื—ื™.
00:26
This was a simple sign error,
5
26160
2000
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื˜ืขื•ืช,
00:28
because it's cheaper to save fuel than to buy fuel,
6
28160
3000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ื ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช,
00:31
as is well known to companies that do it all the time --
7
31160
4000
ื›ืคื™ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ -
00:35
for example, Dupont, SD micro electronics.
8
35160
3000
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื“ื•ืคื•ื ื˜, ืžื™ืงืจื• ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงืก,
00:38
Many other firms -- IBM -- are reducing their energy intensity
9
38160
5000
ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช -IBM- ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื
00:43
routinely six percent a year by fixing up their plants,
10
43160
2000
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื’ืจืชื™ ื‘ 6 ืื—ื•ื– ืœืฉื ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™,
00:45
and they get their money back in two or three years.
11
45160
3000
ื•ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืชื•ืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ.
00:48
That's called a profit.
12
48160
1000
ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืจื•ื•ื—.
00:49
Now, similarly, the old story about oil is that if we wanted to save very much of it,
13
49160
7000
ื›ืขืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืœ ื ืคื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื•
00:56
it would be expensive, or we would have done it already,
14
56160
4000
ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ืงืจ, ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ื‘ืจ,
01:00
because markets are essentially perfect.
15
60160
2000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื.
01:02
If, of course, that were true, there would be no innovation,
16
62160
3000
ืื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช,
01:05
and nobody could make any money.
17
65160
2000
ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื›ืกืฃ.
01:07
But the new story about oil
18
67160
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ืคื˜
01:09
is the government doesn't have to force us to do painful things to get off oil --
19
69160
4000
ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื— ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ืคื˜ -
01:13
not just incrementally, but completely --
20
73160
2000
ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™, ืืœื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ -
01:15
quite the contrary. The United States, for example,
21
75160
4000
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื”ื™ืคืš. ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
01:19
can completely eliminate its use of oil
22
79160
3000
ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ืคื˜
01:22
and rejuvenate the economy at the same time,
23
82160
3000
ื•ืœื”ืžืจื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
01:25
led by business for profit,
24
85160
2000
ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื— ืขืกืงื™,
01:27
because it's so much cheaper to save and substitute for the oil
25
87160
3000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœื ืคื˜
01:30
than to keep on buying it.
26
90160
2000
ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื•.
01:32
This process will also be catalyzed by the military
27
92160
3000
ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื™ืชื•ืžืจืฅ ื’ื ืข"ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื
01:35
for its own reasons of combat effectiveness and preventing conflict,
28
95160
4000
ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื.
01:39
particularly over oil.
29
99160
2000
ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื ืคื˜.
01:41
This thesis is set out in a book called "Winning the Oil Endgame"
30
101160
5000
ื”ืชื™ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ-ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื ืคื˜"
01:46
that four colleagues and I wrote
31
106160
2000
ืฉืืจื‘ืขื” ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืชื‘ื ื•,
01:48
and have posted for free at Oilendgame.com --
32
108160
4000
ื•ืคืจืกืžื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ oilendgmae.com -
01:52
about 170,000 downloads so far.
33
112160
3000
ืขื“ ื›ื” 170,000 ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืช.
01:55
And it was co-sponsored by the Pentagon --
34
115160
2000
ื•ื–ื” ื ืชืžืš ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืข"ื™ ื”ืคื ื˜ื’ื•ืŸ -
01:57
it's independent, it's peer-reviewed
35
117160
2000
ื–ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืœื ื—ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื
01:59
and all of the backup calculations are transparently posted for your perusal.
36
119160
5000
ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ืœืงืจื™ืืชื›ื ื”ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืงืช.
02:04
Now, a bit of economic history, I think, may be helpful here.
37
124160
4000
ื›ืขืช, ืงืฆืช ืจืงืข ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื›ืืŸ.
02:09
Around 1850, one of the biggest U.S. industries was whaling.
38
129160
3000
ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 1850, ืื—ืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆื™ื™ื“ ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื.
02:12
And whale oil lit practically every building.
39
132160
3000
ื•ืฉืžืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื ื”ืื™ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
02:15
But in the nine years before Drake struck oil, in 1859,
40
135160
3000
ืื‘ืœ ื‘9 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื“ืจื™ื™ืง ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ืคื˜ ื‘1859.
02:18
at least five-sixths of that whale oil-illuminating market disappeared,
41
138160
4000
ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ืœืฉืžืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืชืื•ืจื” ื ืขืœื,
02:22
thanks to fatal competitors, chiefly oil and gas made from coal,
42
142160
6000
ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช ืงืฉื” ืžืžืชื—ืจื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืคื—ื ื•ื’ื– ืฉื”ื•ืคืง ืžืคื—ื,
02:28
to which the whalers had not been paying attention.
43
148160
3000
ืฉืœื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื ืฉืžื• ืœื‘.
02:31
So, very unexpectedly, they ran out of customers
44
151160
4000
ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื ืขืœืžื• ืœื”ื ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช
02:35
before they ran out of whales.
45
155160
2000
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื’ืžืจื• ืœื”ื ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื.
02:37
The remnant whale populations were saved by technological innovators
46
157160
4000
ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื ื ื™ืฆืœื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื
02:41
and profit-maximizing capitalists.
47
161160
2000
ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืจื•ื•ื— ืžืงืกื™ืžืืœื™ ืฉืœ ืงืคื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื.
02:43
(Laughter)
48
163160
2000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:46
And it's funny -- it feels a bit like this now for oil.
49
166160
3000
ื–ื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืง - ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ื›ื›ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ืคื˜
02:49
We've been spending the last few decades
50
169160
2000
ื‘ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื•
02:51
accumulating a very powerful backlog of technologies
51
171160
3000
ืฆื‘ืจื ื• ื™ื“ืข ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืขืฆื•ื
02:54
for saving and substituting for oil,
52
174160
2000
ืœื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืชื—ืœื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜,
02:56
and no one had bothered to add them up before.
53
176160
3000
ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื ื˜ืจื— ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
02:59
So when we did, we found some very surprising things.
54
179160
3000
ืื– ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืžืฆืื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช ืžืจืขื™ืฉื•ืช.
03:02
Now, there are two big reasons to be concerned about oil.
55
182160
4000
ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ืคื˜.
03:06
Both national competitiveness and national security are at risk.
56
186160
4000
ื’ื ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
03:10
On the competitiveness front,
57
190160
2000
ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
03:12
we all know that Toyota has more market cap than the big three put together.
58
192160
5000
ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ื˜ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื•ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืž3 ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
03:17
And serious competition from Europe, from Korea,
59
197160
3000
ื•ื™ืฉ ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ืžืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืงื•ืจื™ืื”,
03:20
and next is China, which will soon be a major net exporter of cars.
60
200160
5000
ื•ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืกื™ืŸ ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆื•ืื ื™ืช ืจื›ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
03:25
How long do you think it will take before you can drive home your new
61
205160
3000
ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงื— ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”
03:28
wally-badged Shanghai automotive super-efficient car?
62
208160
5000
ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืกื•ืคืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืฉื ื’ื—ืื™?
03:34
Maybe a decade, according to my friends in Detroit.
63
214160
3000
ืื•ืœื™ ืขืฉื•ืจ, ืœืคื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื˜ืจื•ื™ื˜
03:37
China has an energy policy
64
217160
2000
ืœืกื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
03:39
based on radical energy efficiency and leap-frog technology.
65
219160
3000
ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืจื“ื™ืงืืœื™ืช ื•ืงืคื™ืฆื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
03:42
They're not going to export your uncle's Buick.
66
222160
3000
ื”ื ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืœืš.
03:45
And after that comes India.
67
225160
2000
ื•ืื—"ื› ื‘ืื” ื”ื•ื“ื•.
03:47
The point here is, these cars are going to be made super efficient.
68
227160
4000
ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:51
The question is, who will make them?
69
231160
2000
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžื™ ื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชืŸ?
03:53
Will we in the United States continue to import efficient cars to replace foreign oil,
70
233160
5000
ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื ืคื˜ ื–ืจ,
03:58
or will we make efficient cars and import neither the oil nor the cars?
71
238160
4000
ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื‘ื•ื ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜ ืื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช?
04:02
That seems to make more sense.
72
242160
2000
ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™.
04:04
The more we keep on using the oil, particularly the imported oil,
73
244160
6000
ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ืคื˜, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ืคื˜ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื,
04:10
the more we face a very obvious array of problems.
74
250160
3000
ื›ืš ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืขืจืš ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:13
Our analysis assumes that they all cost nothing,
75
253160
2000
ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื•ื.
04:15
but nothing is not the right number.
76
255160
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœื•ื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
04:17
It could well be enough to double the oil price, for example.
77
257160
3000
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ืคื˜ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”
04:21
And one of the worst of these
78
261160
2000
ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื›ืš
04:23
is what it does to our standing in the world
79
263160
3000
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืžืขืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื
04:26
if other countries think that everything we do is about oil,
80
266160
4000
ืื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื ืคื˜,
04:30
if we have to treat countries that have oil
81
270160
2000
ืื ื ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื ืคื˜
04:32
differently than countries that don't have oil.
82
272160
3000
ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืžืืฉืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื ืคื˜.
04:35
And our military get quite unhappy
83
275160
4000
ื•ื”ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืžืจื•ืฆื”
04:39
with having to stand guard on pipelines in Far-off-istan
84
279160
3000
ืขื ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงื•ื•ื™ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืง-ื™ืกื˜ืืŸ
04:42
when what they actually signed up for
85
282160
2000
ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœื™ื•
04:44
was to protect American citizens.
86
284160
2000
ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืืจื”"ื‘.
04:46
They don't like fighting over oil,
87
286160
2000
ื”ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขืœ ื ืคื˜,
04:48
they don't like being in the sands
88
288160
2000
ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืœื•ืช
04:50
and they don't like where the oil money goes
89
290160
2000
ื•ื”ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืืŸ ืฉื›ืกืฃ ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ื•ืœืš
04:52
and what sort of instability it creates.
90
292160
2000
ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ.
04:54
Now, in order to avoid these problems,
91
294160
2000
ื›ืขืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืœื•,
04:56
whatever you think they're worth, it's actually not that complicated.
92
296160
3000
ื›ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืช, ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืกื•ื‘ืš.
04:59
We can save half the oil by using it more efficiently,
93
299160
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื—ืฆื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช
05:02
at a cost of 12 dollars per saved barrel.
94
302160
4000
ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ 12 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื—ืกื›ื”.
05:06
And then we can replace the other half
95
306160
3000
ื•ืื– ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™
05:09
with a combination of advanced bio-fuels and safe natural gas.
96
309160
4000
ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื•-ื“ืœืง ื•ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
05:13
And that costs on average under 18 dollars a barrel.
97
313160
2000
ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืคื—ื•ืช ืž18 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื—ืกื›ื”.
05:15
And compared with the official forecast,
98
315160
3000
ื•ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™ื•ืช,
05:18
that oil will cost 26 dollars a barrel in 2025,
99
318160
3000
ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืขืœื” 26 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืช ื‘-2025,
05:21
which is half of what we've been paying lately,
100
321160
2000
ืฉื–ื” ื—ืฆื™ ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
05:23
that will save 70 billion dollars a year, starting quite soon.
101
323160
5000
ื–ื” ื™ื—ืกื•ืš 70 ืžื™ืœืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืฉื ื”, ื“ื™ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘.
05:28
Now, in order to do this we need to invest about 180 billion dollars:
102
328160
5000
ื›ืขืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื–ืืช ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข 180 ืžื™ืœืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
05:33
half of it to retool the car, truck and plane industries;
103
333160
3000
ื—ืฆื™ ืžื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช, ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื”.
05:36
half of it to build the advanced bio-fuel industry.
104
336160
2000
ื—ืฆื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•-ื“ืœืง ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื•ืช.
05:38
In the process, we will gain about a million good jobs, mainly rural.
105
338160
6000
ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ืื ื• ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช.
05:44
And protect another million jobs now at risk, mainly in auto-making.
106
344160
4000
ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืขืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘.
05:48
And we'll also get returns over 150 billion dollars a year.
107
348160
4000
ื•ื’ื ื ืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-150 ืžื™ืœืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”.
05:52
So that's a very handsome return.
108
352160
2000
ืฉื–ื” ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
05:54
It's financeable in the private capital market.
109
354160
3000
ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™.
05:57
But if you want it for the reasons I just mentioned,
110
357160
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื” ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™,
05:59
to happen sooner and with higher confidence,
111
359160
4000
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืชืจื—ืฉ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:03
then -- and also to expand choice and manage risk --
112
363160
4000
ื•ื’ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื -
06:07
then you might like some light-handed public policies
113
367160
3000
ืื– ืชืขื“ื™ืคื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช
06:10
that support rather than distorting or opposing the business logic.
114
370160
5000
ืฉืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžืขื•ื•ืชื•ืช ืื• ืžืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™.
06:15
And these policies work fine without taxes, subsidies or mandates.
115
375160
5000
ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœืœื ืžื™ืกื™ื, ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื.
06:20
They make a little net money for the treasury.
116
380160
2000
ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืงืฆืช ื›ืกืฃ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ.
06:22
They have a broad trans-ideological appeal,
117
382160
2000
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืจื—ื‘ื”,
06:24
and because we want them actually to happen,
118
384160
2000
ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ืชืจื—ืฉ,
06:26
we figured out ways to do them
119
386160
3000
ืื ื• ื ืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ืฆืข ืื•ืชื
06:29
that do not require much, if any, federal legislation,
120
389160
5000
ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ืชื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืคื“ืจืœื™ื.
06:35
and can, indeed, be done administratively or at a state level.
121
395160
4000
ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืฆื™ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ืชื™ืช.
06:39
Just to illustrate what to do about the nub of the problem,
122
399160
4000
ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”,
06:43
namely, light vehicles,
123
403160
2000
ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืงืœื™ื,
06:45
here are four ultra-light carbon-composite concept cars with low drag,
124
405160
5000
ื”ื ื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ืงืœื•ืช ื•ืื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื™ ืคื—ืžืŸ,
06:50
and all but the one at the upper left have hybrid drive.
125
410160
4000
ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืžืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช.
06:54
You can sort of have it all with these things.
126
414160
2000
ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
06:56
For example, this Opel two-seater
127
416160
3000
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ืื•ืคืœ ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืœืช 2 ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
06:59
does 155 miles an hour at 94 miles a gallon.
128
419160
4000
ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช 248 ืงืž"ืฉ ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื“ืœืง ืฉืœ 40 ืง"ืž ืœืœื™ื˜ืจ.
07:03
This muscle car from Toyota: 408 horsepower in an ultra-light
129
423160
5000
ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื˜ื•ื™ื˜ื”: 408 ื›ื•ื›ื•ืช ืกื•ืก ื‘ืžืจื›ื‘ ืงืœ
07:08
that does zero to 60 in well under four seconds,
130
428160
2000
ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืž0 ืขื“ 100ืชื•ืš ืคื—ื•ืช ืž4 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช,
07:10
and still gets 32 miles a gallon. I'll say more later about this.
131
430160
5000
ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” 13 ืง"ืž ืœืœื™ื˜ืจ, ืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.
07:15
And in the upper left, a pioneering effort 14 years ago by GM --
132
435160
5000
ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ืœืžืขืœื”, ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ ืœืคื ื™ 14 ืฉื ื” ืžื’'ื ืจืœ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจืก -
07:20
84 miles a gallon without even using a hybrid, in a four-seater.
133
440160
3000
32 ืง"ืž ืœืœื™ื˜ืจ ืœืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“, ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืขื 4 ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
07:23
Well, saving that fuel, 69 percent of the fuel in light vehicles
134
443160
4000
ืื–, ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืœืง, 69 ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืงืœ
07:27
costs about 57 cents per saved gallon.
135
447160
3000
ืขื•ืœื” 14 ืกื ื˜ ืœืœื™ื˜ืจ ืฉื ื—ืกืš.
07:30
But it's even a better deal for heavy trucks,
136
450160
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืกืงื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื™ ืžืฉื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื,
07:32
where you save a similar amount at 25 cents a gallon,
137
452160
4000
ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืื—ื•ื– ื‘6 ืกื ื˜ ืœืœื™ื˜ืจ ืฉื ื—ืกืš.
07:36
with better aerodynamics and tires and engines, and so on,
138
456160
3000
ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื”, ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื•ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืžืฉื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ื›ืš ื”ืœืื”.
07:39
and taking out weight so you can put it into payload.
139
459160
3000
ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ.
07:42
So you can double efficiency with a 60 percent internal rate of return.
140
462160
5000
ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘60 ืื—ื•ื– (IRR) ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืฉื•ืื” ืคื ื™ืžื™.
07:47
Then you can go even further, almost tripling efficiency
141
467160
4000
ื•ืื– ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืฉืœืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช
07:51
with some operational improvements,
142
471160
2000
ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืชืคืขื•ืœ,
07:53
double the big haulers' margins.
143
473160
2000
ืžื” ืฉืžื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
07:55
And we intend to use those numbers to create demand pull, and flip the market.
144
475160
4000
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง.
07:59
In the airplane business, it's again a similar story
145
479160
5000
ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื, ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื“ื•ืžื”
08:04
where the first 20 percent fuel saving is free,
146
484160
3000
ื›ืืฉืจ 20 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื“ืœืง ื”ื ื—ืกืš ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื ื,
08:07
as Boeing is now demonstrating in its new Dreamliner.
147
487160
3000
ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืื™ื ื’ ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื›ืขืช ืขื ื”787
08:10
But then the next generation of planes saves about half.
148
490160
4000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื—ื•ืกืš ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืฆื™.
08:14
Again, much cheaper than buying the fuel.
149
494160
3000
ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื•ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ืœืง.
08:17
And if you go over the next 15 years or so to a blended-wing body,
150
497160
4000
ื•ืื ืืชื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื‘15 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก-ื›ื ืฃ,
08:21
kind of a flying wing with internal engines,
151
501160
4000
ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ื ืฃ ื˜ืกื” ืขื ืžื ื•ืข ืคื ื™ืžื™,
08:25
then you get about a factor three efficiency improvement
152
505160
4000
ืื– ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคืงื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช
08:29
at comparable or lower cost.
153
509160
2000
ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืื• ืคื—ื•ืชื”.
08:31
Let me focus a minute on the light vehicles, the cars and light trucks,
154
511160
4000
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
08:35
because we all know the most about those;
155
515160
2000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื,
08:37
probably everybody here drives one.
156
517160
3000
ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื›ื•ืœื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื—ื“.
08:40
And yet we may not realize that in a standard sedan,
157
520160
3000
ื•ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช,
08:43
of all the fuel energy you feed into the car,
158
523160
3000
ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืœืง ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
08:46
seven-eighths never gets to the wheels;
159
526160
2000
ืฉื‘ืข-ืฉืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื’ืœื’ืœื™ื,
08:48
it's lost first in the engine, idling at zero miles a gallon,
160
528160
4000
ื–ื” ื ืขืœื ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ืžื ื•ืข, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ืกืจืง 0 ืง"ืž ืœืœื™ื˜ืจ,
08:52
the power train and accessories.
161
532160
3000
ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื•ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ื™ืงืคื™.
08:55
So then of the energy that does get to the wheels,
162
535160
3000
ื•ืื– ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื’ืœื’ืœื™ื,
08:58
only an eighth of it, half of that, goes to heat the tires on the road,
163
538160
3000
ืจืง ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช, ื—ืฆื™ ืžื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื—ื™ืžื•ื ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš,
09:01
or to heat the air the car pushes aside.
164
541160
2000
ืื• ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื–ื™ื–ื” ื”ืฆื™ื“ื”.
09:03
And only this little bit, only six percent
165
543160
2000
ื•ืจืง 6 ืื—ื•ื–, ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช
09:05
actually ends up accelerating the car
166
545160
3000
ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืื™ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช
09:08
and then heating the brakes when you stop.
167
548160
2000
ื•ืื– ืžื—ืžืžืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืจืงืกื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืขื•ืฆืจ.
09:10
In fact, since 95 percent of the weight you're moving is the car not the driver,
168
550160
3000
ื‘ืขืฆื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉ 95 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืžื–ื™ื– ื–ื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืœื ื”ื ื”ื’
09:13
less than one percent of the fuel energy ends up moving the driver.
169
553160
3000
ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืœืง ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื”ืกืขืช ื”ื ื”ื’.
09:16
This is not very gratifying
170
556160
2000
ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉื‘ื™ืข ืจืฆื•ืŸ
09:18
after more than a century of devoted engineering effort.
171
558160
3000
ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช.
09:21
(Laughter)
172
561160
1000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:22
(Applause)
173
562160
1000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:23
Moreover, three-fourths of the fuel use is caused by the weight of the car.
174
563160
6000
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”, ืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืจื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ืœืง ื ื’ืจื ืžืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘.
09:29
And it's obvious from the diagram that every unit of energy you save at the wheels
175
569160
5000
ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื” ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ืกืš ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื
09:34
is going to avoid wasting another seven units of energy
176
574160
3000
ื—ื•ืกื›ืช ืขื•ื“ 7 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
09:37
getting that energy to the wheels.
177
577160
2000
ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื’ืœื’ืœื™ื.
09:39
So there's huge leverage for making the car a lot lighter.
178
579160
4000
ื›ืš ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืขื ืง ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืงืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:43
And the reason this has not been very seriously examined before
179
583160
3000
ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื•ื“ื
09:46
is there was a common assumption in the industry that --
180
586160
4000
ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช "ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช" ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื” -
09:50
well, then it might not be safe if you got whacked by a heavy car,
181
590160
3000
ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืื ืชื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ืžื›ื” ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื”,
09:53
and it would cost a lot more to make,
182
593160
2000
ื•ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ,
09:55
because the only way we know how to make cars much lighter
183
595160
2000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืงืœื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”
09:57
was to use expensive light metals like aluminum and magnesium.
184
597160
4000
ื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช ื•ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื ืื• ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื.
10:01
But these objections are now vanishing through advances in materials.
185
601160
4000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื ืžื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื.
10:05
For example, we use a lot of carbon-fiber composites
186
605160
4000
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืกื™ื‘ื™ ืคื—ืžืŸ
10:09
in sporting goods.
187
609160
2000
ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜.
10:11
And it turns out that these are quite remarkable for safety.
188
611160
5000
ื•ื™ื•ืฆื, ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช.
10:16
Here's a handmade McLaren SLR carbon car that got t-boned by a Golf.
189
616160
5000
ื”ื ื” ืžืงืœืจืŸ SLR ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ื“ื ื™ ืžืงืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื˜ืคื” ืคื’ื™ืขืช ืฆื“ ืžื’ื•ืœืฃ.
10:21
The Golf was totaled.
190
621160
2000
ื”ื’ื•ืœืฃ ื”ืจื•ืกื”.
10:23
The McLaren just popped off and scratched the side panel.
191
623160
3000
ื‘ืžืงืœืจืŸ ืชื–ื•ื–ื” ืงืœื” ืคื ื™ืžื” ื•ืฉืจื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืคื ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื“ื™.
10:26
They'll pop it back on and fix the scratch later.
192
626160
3000
ื”ื ื™ืžืฉื›ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ื™ืชืงื ื• ืื—"ื› ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื˜ื”.
10:29
But if this McLaren were to run into a wall at 65 miles an hour,
193
629160
3000
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืžืงืœืจืŸ ืชื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ืงื™ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช 100 ืงืž"ืฉ,
10:32
the entire crash energy would be absorbed
194
632160
3000
ื›ืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืง ืชืกืคื’
10:35
by a couple of woven carbon-fiber composite cones,
195
635160
3000
ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืงื•ื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ืคื—ืžืŸ,
10:38
weighing a total of 15 pounds, hidden in the front end.
196
638160
4000
ื”ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ื›-7 ืง"ื’, ื•ืžื•ื—ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช.
10:42
Because these materials could actually absorb
197
642160
2000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืกืคื•ื’
10:44
six to 12 times as much energy per pound as steel,
198
644160
4000
ื‘ื™ืŸ 6 ืœ 12 ืคืขืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืคืœื“ื”,
10:48
and do so a lot more smoothly.
199
648160
2000
ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืœืง.
10:50
And this means we've just cracked the conundrum of safety and weight.
200
650160
5000
ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ืคื™ืฆื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืงืœ.
10:55
We could make cars bigger, which is protective, but make them light.
201
655160
7000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:02
Whereas if we made them heavy, they'd be both hostile and inefficient.
202
662160
4000
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
11:06
And when you make them light in the right way,
203
666160
2000
ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”,
11:08
that can be simpler and cheaper to make.
204
668160
5000
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืฆืจ.
11:13
You can end up saving money, and lives, and oil, all at the same time.
205
673160
4000
ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื” ื—ื•ืกืš ื’ื ื›ืกืฃ ื’ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื ืคื˜ ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช.
11:18
I showed here two years ago
206
678160
2000
ืื ื™ ื”ืจืืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื
11:20
a little bit about a design of your basic, uncompromised,
207
680160
4000
ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืœืœื ืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ
11:24
quintupled-efficiency suburban-assault vehicle --
208
684160
5000
ืจื›ื‘ ืชืงื™ืคื” ืคืจื•ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืคื™ ื—ืžืฉ -
11:29
(Laughter)
209
689160
1000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:30
-- and this is a complete virtual design
210
690160
5000
ื•ื–ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื”ืžืœื
11:35
that is production-costed manufacturable.
211
695160
3000
ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™.
11:38
And the process needed to make it
212
698160
2000
ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื•
11:40
is actually coming toward the market quite nicely.
213
700160
3000
ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืฉื•ืง.
11:43
We figured out a kind of a digital inkjet printer
214
703160
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืžื“ืคืกืช ื”ื–ืจืงืช ื“ื™ื• ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืืœื™ืช
11:46
for this very stiff, strong, carbon-composite material,
215
706160
6000
ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืžืจื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืงืฉื™ื— ื•ื”ื—ื–ืง ื”ื–ื”,
11:52
and then ways to thermoform it,
216
712160
2000
ื•ืื– ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืขืฆื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื•ื,
11:54
because it's a combination of carbon and nylon,
217
714160
3000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื™ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื•ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ,
11:57
into whatever complex shapes you want,
218
717160
3000
ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ืฉื ืจืฆื”,
12:00
like the one just shown at the auto show by one of the tier-one suppliers.
219
720160
4000
ื›ืžื• ื–ื” ืฉืจืง ื”ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื›ืช ืจื›ื‘ ืข"ื™ ืกืคืง ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
12:04
And the manufacturing you can do this way gets radically simplified.
220
724160
4000
ื•ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ืืช ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
12:08
Because the auto body has only, say, 14 parts, instead of 100, 150.
221
728160
5000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื™ืฉ 14 ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื 100 ืื• 150.
12:13
Each one is formed by one fairly cheap die set,
222
733160
3000
ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืื—ืช ื–ื•ืœื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช,
12:16
instead of four expensive ones for stamping steel.
223
736160
3000
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืจื‘ืข ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืคืœื“ื”.
12:19
Each of the parts can be easily lifted with no hoist.
224
739160
5000
ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœืœื ืžื ื•ืฃ.
12:24
They snap together like a kid's toy.
225
744160
2000
ื”ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
12:26
So you got rid of the body shop.
226
746160
2000
ืื– ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืคื—ื—ื™ื.
12:28
And if you want, you can lay color in the mold, and get rid of the paint shop.
227
748160
3000
ื•ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื”, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฆื‘ืข ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข.
12:31
Those are the two hardest and costliest parts of making a car.
228
751160
3000
ืืœื• ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
12:34
So you end up with at least two-fifths lower capital intensity
229
754160
3000
ื›ืš ืฉืืชื” ืžืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”
12:37
than the leanest plant in the industry, which GM has in Lansing.
230
757160
4000
ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžืคืขืœ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื–ื•, ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื’ื ืจืœ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจืก ื‘ืœื ืกื™ื ื’.
12:42
The plant also gets smaller.
231
762160
2000
ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื’ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:44
Now, when you go through a similar analysis for every way we use oil,
232
764160
4000
ื›ืขืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ืคื˜,
12:48
including buildings, industry, feedstocks and so on,
233
768160
3000
ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘,
12:51
you find that of the 28 million barrels a day
234
771160
3000
ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉืž-28 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื
12:54
the government says we will need in 2025,
235
774160
3000
ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื ื–ื“ืงืง ื‘-2025,
12:57
well, about eight of that can be removed by efficiency by then,
236
777160
5000
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืขื“ ืื– ืข"ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช,
13:02
with another seven still being saved as the vehicle stocks turn over,
237
782160
4000
ื›ืฉืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืข ื ื—ืกื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ื™ืฉื•ืช,
13:06
at an average cost of only 12 bucks a barrel,
238
786160
3000
ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ ืจืง 12 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืช,
13:09
instead of 26 for buying the oil.
239
789160
2000
ื‘ืžืงื•ื 26 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื ื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜.
13:11
And then another six can be made robustly, competitively,
240
791160
5000
ื•ืื– ืขื•ื“ ืฉืฉ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื™ ื•ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™,
13:16
from cellulosic ethanol and a little bio-diesel,
241
796160
3000
ืžืชืื™ืช (ืจื‘ ืกื•ื›ืจ), ืžืืชื ื•ืœ ื•ืงืฆืช ื‘ื™ื•-ื“ื™ื–ืœ,
13:19
without interfering at all with the water or land needs of crop production.
242
799160
4000
ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืื“ืžื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ.
13:23
There is a huge amount of gas to be saved,
243
803160
3000
ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืกื•ืš,
13:26
about half the projected gas at about an eighth of its price.
244
806160
4000
ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืฆื™ ืžื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช ืžืžื—ื™ืจื•.
13:30
And here are some no-brainer substitutions of it, with lots left over.
245
810160
4000
ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื, ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช.
13:34
So much, in fact, that after you've handled the domestic oil forecast
246
814160
7000
ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ื™ื”
13:41
from areas already approved,
247
821160
2000
ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจื•,
13:43
you have only this little bit left, and let's see how we can meet that,
248
823160
3000
ื ืฉืืจ ืœืš ืจืง ื›ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื• ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”,
13:46
because there's a pretty flexible menu of ways.
249
826160
3000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ.
13:49
We could, of course, buy more efficiency.
250
829160
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
13:51
Maybe you ought to buy efficiency at 26 bucks instead of 12.
251
831160
4000
ืื•ืœื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื 26 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื 12.
13:55
Or wait to capture the second half of it.
252
835160
2000
ืื• ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™.
13:57
Or we could, of course, just get this little bit
253
837160
2000
ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื•
13:59
by continuing to import some Canadian and Mexican oil,
254
839160
3000
ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ื™ื‘ื•ื ื ืคื˜ ืงื ื“ื™ ืื• ืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™,
14:02
or the ethanol the Brazilians would love to sell us.
255
842160
3000
ืื• ืืชื ื•ืœ, ืฉื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ื ื™ืฉืžื—ื• ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื ื•.
14:05
But they'll sell it to Japan and China instead,
256
845160
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ืžื›ืจื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœื™ืคืŸ ืื• ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื,
14:07
because we have tariff barriers to protect our corn farmers, and they don't.
257
847160
4000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืกื™ ืžื’ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืชื™ืจืก ื•ืœื”ื ืื™ืŸ.
14:11
Or we could use the saved gas directly to cover all of this balance,
258
851160
5000
ืื• ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ื ื—ืกืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ,
14:16
or if we used it as hydrogen, which is more profitable and efficient,
259
856160
3000
ืื• ืฉืื ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืžื™ืžืŸ, ืฉื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
14:19
we'd get rid of the domestic oil too.
260
859160
2000
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืœื ืคื˜.
14:21
And that doesn't even count, for example,
261
861160
2000
ื•ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
14:23
that available land in the Dakotas can cost effectively
262
863160
3000
ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื“ืงื•ื˜ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืืคืฉืจ
14:26
make enough wind power to run every highway vehicle in the country.
263
866160
3000
ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื ืจื’ื™ืช-ืจื•ื— ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
14:29
So we have lots of options.
264
869160
2000
ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
14:31
And the choice of menu and timing is quite flexible.
265
871160
4000
ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื“ื™ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช.
14:35
Now, to make this happen quicker and with higher confidence,
266
875160
3000
ื›ืขืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื–ืืช ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
14:38
there is a few ways government could help.
267
878160
2000
ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข.
14:40
For example, fee-bates, a combination of a fee and a rebate
268
880160
5000
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืชืฉืœื•ื-ื”ื—ื–ืจ, ื–"ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจ
14:45
in any size class of vehicle you want,
269
885160
3000
ืœื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘,
14:48
can increase the price of inefficient vehicles
270
888160
5000
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืขื™ืœ
14:53
and correspondingly pay you a rebate for efficient vehicles.
271
893160
4000
ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืœืจื›ื‘ ื™ืขื™ืœ.
14:57
You're not paid to change size class.
272
897160
2000
ืืชื” ืœื ืžืชื•ื’ืžืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
14:59
You are paid to pick efficiency within a size class,
273
899160
4000
ืืชื” ืžืฉืœื•ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช,
15:03
in a way equivalent to looking at all fourteen years of life-cycle fuel savings
274
903160
5000
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื–ื” ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ 14 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืœืง
15:08
rather than just the first two or three.
275
908160
2000
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
15:10
This expands choice rapidly in the market,
276
910160
2000
ื–ื” ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืง,
15:12
and actually makes more money for automakers as well.
277
912160
3000
ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆืจื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ.
15:15
I'd like to deal with the lack of affordable personal mobility in this country
278
915160
5000
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžืขื•ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
15:20
by making it very cheaply possible for low-income families
279
920160
4000
ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืื“ ื–ื•ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
15:24
to get efficient, reliable, warranted new cars
280
924160
4000
ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
15:28
that they could otherwise never get.
281
928160
2000
ืฉื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’.
15:30
And for each car so financed, scrap almost one clunker,
282
930160
4000
ื•ืœื›ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืœืžืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ื’ืจื•ื˜ืื”,
15:34
preferably the dirtiest ones.
283
934160
2000
ื›ืฉื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืžื–ื”ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
15:36
This creates a new million-car-a-year market for Detroit
284
936160
4000
ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื•ืง ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื˜ืจื•ื™ื˜
15:40
from customers they weren't going to get otherwise,
285
940160
2000
ืžืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื,
15:42
because they weren't creditworthy and could never afford a new car.
286
942160
3000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืืฉืจืื™, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”.
15:45
And Detroit will make money on every unit.
287
945160
2000
ื•ื“ื˜ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืชืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื›ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
15:47
It turns out that if, say, African-American and white households
288
947160
3000
ื™ื•ืฆื, ืฉืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆื ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืŸ
15:50
had the same car ownership,
289
950160
2000
ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืชื” ืกื•ื’ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘,
15:52
it would cut employment disparity about in half
290
952160
4000
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœื—ืฆื™
15:56
by providing better access to job opportunities.
291
956160
2000
ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ื•ืช.
15:58
So this is a huge social win, too.
292
958160
2000
ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื’ื ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.
16:00
Governments buy hundreds of thousands of cars a year.
293
960160
3000
ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืงื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”.
16:03
There are smart ways to buy them and to aggregate that purchasing power
294
963160
4000
ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืงื ื™ื”
16:07
to bring very efficient vehicles into the market faster.
295
967160
3000
ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื•ืง ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
16:10
And we could even do an X Prize-style golden carrot
296
970160
3000
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืช "ื’ื–ืจ" ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืก
16:13
that's worth stretching further for.
297
973160
2000
ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช.
16:15
For example, a billion-dollar prize for the first U.S. automaker
298
975160
4000
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืคืจืก ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
16:19
to sell 200,000 really advanced vehicles, like some you saw earlier.
299
979160
5000
ืฉืชืžื›ื•ืจ 200,000 ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืืœื• ืฉืจืื™ืชื ืงื•ื“ื.
16:24
Then the legacy airlines can't afford to buy the efficient new planes
300
984160
5000
ื•ืื– ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืช ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืžืŸ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
16:29
they desperately need to cut their fuel bills,
301
989160
3000
ืฉื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ืฉืœื”ื,
16:32
but if you felt philosophically you wanted to do anything about that,
302
992160
3000
ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
16:35
there are ways to finance it.
303
995160
2000
ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืžืžืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
16:37
And at the same time to scrap inefficient old planes,
304
997160
4000
ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื,
16:41
so that if they were otherwise to come back in the air,
305
1001160
3000
ื›ืš ืฉืื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืื•ื™ืจ,
16:44
they would waste more oil,
306
1004160
2000
ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืœืง,
16:46
and block the uptake of efficient, new planes.
307
1006160
3000
ื•ื—ื•ืกืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื›ื ื™ืกืช ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื.
16:49
Those part inefficient planes
308
1009160
2000
ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื”, ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื
16:51
are worth more to society dead than alive.
309
1011160
2000
ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” "ืžืชื™ื" ืžืืฉืจ "ื—ื™ื™ื".
16:53
We ought to take them out back and shoot them,
310
1013160
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื•ืœื—ืกืœ ืื•ืชื,
16:55
and put bounty hunters after them.
311
1015160
2000
ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ื.
16:57
Then there's an important military role.
312
1017160
3000
ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืฆื‘ื.
17:00
That in creating the move to high-volume,
313
1020160
4000
ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืคืฉื•ืจ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช,
17:04
low-cost commercial production of these kinds of materials,
314
1024160
3000
ื•ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
17:07
or for that matter, ultra-light steels
315
1027160
2000
ืื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ืคืœื“ื” ืงืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
17:09
that are a good backup technology,
316
1029160
2000
ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
17:12
the military can do the trick it did
317
1032160
3000
ื”ืฆื‘ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”"ื˜ืจื™ืง" ื”ื–ื”
17:15
in turning DARPAnet into the Internet.
318
1035160
2000
ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืคืš ืืช ื“ืืจืคื”ื ื˜ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
17:17
Just turn it over to the private sector, and we have an Internet.
319
1037160
4000
ืจืง ืชืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
17:21
The same for GPS.
320
1041160
2000
ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื GPS.
17:24
The same for the modern semi-conductor industry.
321
1044160
2000
ื•ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื—ืฆื”.
17:26
That is, military science and technology that they need
322
1046160
4000
ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
17:30
can create the advanced materials-industrial cluster
323
1050160
3000
ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื-ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื
17:33
that transforms its civilian economy and gets the country off oil,
324
1053160
3000
ืฉืชืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ืชื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ืคื˜.
17:36
which would be a huge contribution to eliminating conflict over oil
325
1056160
3000
ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืจื•ืžื” ืขื ืงื™ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืคื˜
17:39
and advancing national and global security.
326
1059160
2000
ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
17:41
Then we need to retool the car industry and do retraining,
327
1061160
5000
ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
17:46
and shift the convergence of the energy and ag-value chains
328
1066160
4000
ื•ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžื•ืœ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™
17:50
to shift faster from hydrocarbons to carbohydrates,
329
1070160
3000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ืจื– ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื“ืœืง-ืคื—ืžืžื ื™ ืœื“ืœืง ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ
17:53
and get out of our own way in other ways.
330
1073160
2000
ื•ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืงื•ื ืกืคืฆื™ื” ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื "ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื•" ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช.
17:55
And make the transition to more efficient vehicles go faster.
331
1075160
5000
ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
18:00
But here's how the whole thing fits together.
332
1080160
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืš ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
18:02
Instead of official forecasts of oil use
333
1082160
3000
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ืคื˜
18:05
and oil imports going forever up,
334
1085160
2000
ื•ืฉืœ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ื ืคื˜ ื™ืขืœื• ืœืชืžื™ื“,
18:07
they can turn down with the 12 dollars a barrel efficiency,
335
1087160
4000
ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื 12 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ื™ืช,
18:11
down steeply by adding the supply-side substitutions at 18 bucks,
336
1091160
4000
ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื—ื“ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืฆื“-ื”ืืกืคืงื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ 18 ื“ื•ืœืจ,
18:15
all implemented at slower rates than we've done before when we paid attention.
337
1095160
4000
ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื™ื˜ื™ ืžืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืŸ ื ืชื ื• ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘.
18:19
And if we start adding tranches of hydrogen in there,
338
1099160
3000
ื•ืื ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืฉื ืจื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืžืŸ
18:22
we are rapidly off imports and completely off oil in the 2040s.
339
1102160
4000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2040 ืœื ื ืฆืจื•ืš ื ืคื˜.
18:26
And the one thing I'd like to point out here is that we've done this before.
340
1106160
4000
ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
18:30
In this eight-year period, 1977 to 85, when we last paid attention,
341
1110160
5000
ื‘ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืž1977 ืขื“ 1985, ื”ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืฉืžื ื• ืœื‘,
18:35
the economy grew 27 percent, oil use fell 17 percent,
342
1115160
5000
ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘27 ืื—ื•ื– ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ืคื˜ ื™ืจื“ ื‘17 ืื—ื•ื–,
18:40
oil imports fell 50 percent, oil imports from the Persian Gulf fell 87 percent.
343
1120160
5000
ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ื ืคื˜ ื™ืจื“ ื‘50 ืื—ื•ื– ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ื ืคื˜ ืžื”ืžืคืจืฅ ื”ืคืจืกื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘87 ืื—ื•ื–.
18:45
They would have been gone if we'd kept that up one more year.
344
1125160
3000
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืคืกืง ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช.
18:48
Well, that was with very old technologies and delivery methods.
345
1128160
4000
ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื ืืžืฆืขื™ ืืกืคืงื” ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื“.
18:52
We could rerun that play a lot better now.
346
1132160
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืขืช.
18:55
And yet what we proved then is the U.S. has more market power than OPEC.
347
1135160
3000
ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ื–ื” ืฉืœืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื•ื— ืฉื•ืง ืžืืฉืจ ืœOPEC.
18:58
Ours is on the demand side.
348
1138160
2000
ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืฆื“ ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื”.
19:00
We are the Saudi Arabia of "nega-barrels." (Laughter)
349
1140160
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืจื‘ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ "ืžื ื™ืขืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื˜".
19:02
We can use less oil faster than they can conveniently sell less oil.
350
1142160
4000
ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืจื•ืš ืคื—ื•ืช ื ืคื˜ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ื ืคื˜.
19:07
(Applause)
351
1147160
4000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื)
19:14
Whatever your reason for wanting to do this,
352
1154160
3000
ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœืš ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
19:17
whether you're concerned about national security or price volatility --
353
1157160
3000
ืื ืืชื” ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืื• ืื™ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ -
19:20
(Laughter)
354
1160160
1000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
19:21
-- or jobs, or the planet, or your grand-kids,
355
1161160
3000
ืื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืื• ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืื• ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ื ืฉืœืš,
19:24
it seems to me that this is an oil endgame
356
1164160
3000
ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ื–ื”
19:27
that we should all be playing to win.
357
1167160
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืฆื—.
19:29
Please download your copy, and thank you very much.
358
1169160
3000
ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืขืชืง ืฉืœื›ื, ื•ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
19:32
(Applause)
359
1172160
1000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7