Amory Lovins: We must win the oil endgame

56,796 views ใƒป 2008-01-09

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Dong Inn Na ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sanghoon Lee
00:12
The old story about climate protection is that it's costly,
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์˜ˆ์ „์—” ๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:17
or it would have been done already.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
So government needs to make us do something painful to fix it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ๋ถ„๋‹ด์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
The new story about climate protection
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:24
is that it's not costly, but profitable.
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๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์ง€์•Š์„ ๋ฟ๋”๋Ÿฌ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
This was a simple sign error,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ (๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ) ์†Œํ†ต ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
because it's cheaper to save fuel than to buy fuel,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋œ ๋จนํžˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:31
as is well known to companies that do it all the time --
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์–ด๋–ค ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ ์„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฒœํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
for example, Dupont, SD micro electronics.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด, ๋“€ํฐ๊ณผ SD ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์ผ๋ ‰ํŠธ๋กœ๋‹‰์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:38
Many other firms -- IBM -- are reducing their energy intensity
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IBM ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ
00:43
routinely six percent a year by fixing up their plants,
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๋งค๋…„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ง‘์ค‘๋„๋ฅผ 6ํผ์„ผํŠธ์”ฉ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
and they get their money back in two or three years.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ด์‚ผ๋…„ ๋‚ด์— ๋ฝ‘์ง€์š”.
00:48
That's called a profit.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ด์œค๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ์–ด๋“ค์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
00:49
Now, similarly, the old story about oil is that if we wanted to save very much of it,
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๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์˜ˆ์ „์—” ์„์œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด
00:56
it would be expensive, or we would have done it already,
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๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ . ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
01:00
because markets are essentially perfect.
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์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:02
If, of course, that were true, there would be no innovation,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด ํ˜์‹ ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
01:05
and nobody could make any money.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:07
But the new story about oil
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์—์„ 
01:09
is the government doesn't have to force us to do painful things to get off oil --
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๋ถ„๋‹ด์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ์„์œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
not just incrementally, but completely --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ ์“ฐ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ --
01:15
quite the contrary. The United States, for example,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด,
01:19
can completely eliminate its use of oil
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์„์œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:22
and rejuvenate the economy at the same time,
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๋™์‹œ์— ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋Š” ์ด์œค์œผ๋กœ
01:25
led by business for profit,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์›๋ž˜๋Œ€๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
because it's so much cheaper to save and substitute for the oil
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์„์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ฒด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:30
than to keep on buying it.
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๋” ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ๋จนํžˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
This process will also be catalyzed by the military
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๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋„ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:35
for its own reasons of combat effectiveness and preventing conflict,
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์ „ํˆฌํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์•ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋ฒŒ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„
01:39
particularly over oil.
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๋ง‰์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
This thesis is set out in a book called "Winning the Oil Endgame"
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์ด ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์“ด "๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์„์œ ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ"๋ž€
01:46
that four colleagues and I wrote
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์ฑ…์— ๋‚˜์™€์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
and have posted for free at Oilendgame.com --
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oilendgame.com์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—๋„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:52
about 170,000 downloads so far.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ 17๋งŒ ๋ฒˆ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
And it was co-sponsored by the Pentagon --
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์ด ์ฑ…์€ ๋ฏธ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋™ ํ›„์›ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
01:57
it's independent, it's peer-reviewed
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋™๋ฃŒํ•™์ž์˜ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
and all of the backup calculations are transparently posted for your perusal.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋…ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋„๋ก ๋ช…์พŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
02:04
Now, a bit of economic history, I think, may be helpful here.
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์ž, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ค„ ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”.
02:09
Around 1850, one of the biggest U.S. industries was whaling.
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1850๋…„ ์ฆˆ์Œ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ตœ๋Œ€์‚ฐ์—… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ž˜์žก์ด(ํฌ๊ฒฝ)์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
And whale oil lit practically every building.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ๋“  ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”์ฃ .
02:15
But in the nine years before Drake struck oil, in 1859,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1859๋…„ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ 9๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
02:18
at least five-sixths of that whale oil-illuminating market disappeared,
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๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ์กฐ๋ช…์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 5/6๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
thanks to fatal competitors, chiefly oil and gas made from coal,
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ํฌ๊ฒฝ์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ƒํ’ˆ๋“ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:28
to which the whalers had not been paying attention.
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์„ํƒ„๊ฐ€์Šค์™€ ์„์œ ์˜€์ฃ .
02:31
So, very unexpectedly, they ran out of customers
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์ฆ‰, ๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ์žก์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์—
02:35
before they ran out of whales.
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๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋Š์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
The remnant whale populations were saved by technological innovators
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๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ˜์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์™€ ์ด์œค์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”
02:41
and profit-maximizing capitalists.
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์ž๋ณธ๊ฐ€๋“ค ๋•์— ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:46
And it's funny -- it feels a bit like this now for oil.
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์„์œ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์ด์™€ ์ข€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
We've been spending the last few decades
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
02:51
accumulating a very powerful backlog of technologies
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์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:54
for saving and substituting for oil,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ถ•์ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
and no one had bothered to add them up before.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์—๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
02:59
So when we did, we found some very surprising things.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ดค๋”๋‹ˆ ์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
Now, there are two big reasons to be concerned about oil.
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์„์œ ์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์œ ๋…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
Both national competitiveness and national security are at risk.
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์•ˆ๋ณด๊ฐ€
03:10
On the competitiveness front,
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๊ฑธ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
we all know that Toyota has more market cap than the big three put together.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋„์š”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋น…3(GM,ํฌ๋ผ์ด์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ,ํฌ๋“œ)๋ฅผ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
And serious competition from Europe, from Korea,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:20
and next is China, which will soon be a major net exporter of cars.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ . ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ ์žˆ์–ด ์ฃผ์š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ตญ์ด ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
How long do you think it will take before you can drive home your new
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ธ์ œ์ฏค ์ƒํ•˜์ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์›”๋งˆํŠธ ์ƒํ‘œ์˜ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ดˆ์ €์—ฐ๋น„ ์ž๊ฐ€์šฉ์„ ๋ชฐ๊ณ 
03:28
wally-badged Shanghai automotive super-efficient car?
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์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
03:34
Maybe a decade, according to my friends in Detroit.
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์•„๋งˆ 10๋…„ ํ›„๋ฉด ๋ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์—…๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด์š”.
03:37
China has an energy policy
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๊ทน๋‹จ์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ
03:39
based on radical energy efficiency and leap-frog technology.
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๋น„์•ฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
They're not going to export your uncle's Buick.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์œ—์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ๋˜ ๋ทฐ์ต๊ฐ™์€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ถœํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
And after that comes India.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋‹ค์Œ์—” ์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
03:47
The point here is, these cars are going to be made super efficient.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์งš์–ด๋ณผ ์ ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฐจ๋“ค์ด ์ดˆ์ €์—ฐ๋น„์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
The question is, who will make them?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:53
Will we in the United States continue to import efficient cars to replace foreign oil,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ €์—ฐ๋น„ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•ด์„œ ์™ธ๊ตญ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
03:58
or will we make efficient cars and import neither the oil nor the cars?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ €์—ฐ๋น„ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์„์œ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
04:02
That seems to make more sense.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ์ด ์˜ค์ง€์š”.
04:04
The more we keep on using the oil, particularly the imported oil,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„์œ , ํŠนํžˆ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜๋ก
04:10
the more we face a very obvious array of problems.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
Our analysis assumes that they all cost nothing,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋ฌด ๋น„์šฉ๋„ ๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋‚˜
04:15
but nothing is not the right number.
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์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
It could well be enough to double the oil price, for example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์„์œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
And one of the worst of these
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
04:23
is what it does to our standing in the world
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ž…์ง€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
if other countries think that everything we do is about oil,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์„์œ  ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ ์—ฌ๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:30
if we have to treat countries that have oil
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€
04:32
differently than countries that don't have oil.
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๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:35
And our military get quite unhappy
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›๋ž˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„
04:39
with having to stand guard on pipelines in Far-off-istan
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๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณต๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€
04:42
when what they actually signed up for
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์ค‘๋™๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์†ก์œ ๊ด€์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
04:44
was to protect American citizens.
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๋‹ฌ๊ฐ‘๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
They don't like fighting over oil,
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๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„,
04:48
they don't like being in the sands
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๋ชจ๋ž˜๋•…์— ์ฃผ๋‘”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„,
04:50
and they don't like where the oil money goes
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์˜ค์ผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€
04:52
and what sort of instability it creates.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
Now, in order to avoid these problems,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
04:56
whatever you think they're worth, it's actually not that complicated.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋“  ๊ฐ„์— ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
We can save half the oil by using it more efficiently,
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์„์œ ๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜์€ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
at a cost of 12 dollars per saved barrel.
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1 ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด๋‹น 12๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
05:06
And then we can replace the other half
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜์€ ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์™€
05:09
with a combination of advanced bio-fuels and safe natural gas.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
05:13
And that costs on average under 18 dollars a barrel.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด๋‹น 18๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จนํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:15
And compared with the official forecast,
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๊ณต์‹ ์˜ˆ์ธก์œผ๋ก  ์„์œ ๊ฐ€ 2025๋…„์— ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด๋‹น 26๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ด๋‹ˆ
05:18
that oil will cost 26 dollars a barrel in 2025,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„๊ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:21
which is half of what we've been paying lately,
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
that will save 70 billion dollars a year, starting quite soon.
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๋จธ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์‹คํ–‰๋  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด 1๋…„์— 700์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Now, in order to do this we need to invest about 180 billion dollars:
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 1800์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
half of it to retool the car, truck and plane industries;
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๋ฐ˜์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ, ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์žฌํŽธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์“ฐ๊ณ ,
05:36
half of it to build the advanced bio-fuel industry.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜์€ ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์œก์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
In the process, we will gain about a million good jobs, mainly rural.
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋†์ดŒ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์ง์—…์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
05:44
And protect another million jobs now at risk, mainly in auto-making.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง์—… ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
And we'll also get returns over 150 billion dollars a year.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ํ•œ ํ•ด์— 1500์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
So that's a very handsome return.
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์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด์ฃ .
05:54
It's financeable in the private capital market.
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
But if you want it for the reasons I just mentioned,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งํ•œ ์ด์œ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:59
to happen sooner and with higher confidence,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:03
then -- and also to expand choice and manage risk --
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๋˜ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ํญ์„ ๋„“ํžˆ๊ณ  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋ฉด --
06:07
then you might like some light-handed public policies
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๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ๊ณต๊ณต์ •์ฑ…์„ ์จ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:10
that support rather than distorting or opposing the business logic.
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๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์™œ๊ณกํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
And these policies work fine without taxes, subsidies or mandates.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ ์—†์ด๋„ ์ œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
They make a little net money for the treasury.
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์žฌ๋ฌด๋ถ€์—๋Š” ๋ณ„ ์ด์ต์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ 
06:22
They have a broad trans-ideological appeal,
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์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์— ์ข…์†๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
and because we want them actually to happen,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:26
we figured out ways to do them
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์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์ผœ์•ผํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์ด
06:29
that do not require much, if any, federal legislation,
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์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
and can, indeed, be done administratively or at a state level.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์ผ๊ฐœ ์ฃผ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋„ ์‹คํ–‰๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
Just to illustrate what to do about the nub of the problem,
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• ์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด,
06:43
namely, light vehicles,
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์†Œ์œ„, ๊ฒฝ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
here are four ultra-light carbon-composite concept cars with low drag,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ €์—ฐ๋น„ ์ดˆ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ ์ปจ์…‰ํŠธ์นด ๋„ค ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
and all but the one at the upper left have hybrid drive.
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์™ผ์ชฝ ์œ„ ์ฐจ๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์—”์ง„์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
You can sort of have it all with these things.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์—”์ง„์„ ๋‹ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:56
For example, this Opel two-seater
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๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ด ์˜คํŽ ์‚ฌ์˜ 2์ธ์Šน ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€
06:59
does 155 miles an hour at 94 miles a gallon.
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์‹œ์† 250 km๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋‹น ์•ฝ 40 km๋ฅผ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
This muscle car from Toyota: 408 horsepower in an ultra-light
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์ด ๋„์š”๋‹ค์˜ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ์นด๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰์— 408 ๋งˆ๋ ฅ์ด๊ณ 
07:08
that does zero to 60 in well under four seconds,
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์ •์ง€์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ 4์ดˆ๋งŒ์— ์‹œ์† 100 km๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
and still gets 32 miles a gallon. I'll say more later about this.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋‹น 14 km๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€์š”. ์ด ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
And in the upper left, a pioneering effort 14 years ago by GM --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™ผ์ชฝ ์œ„๋Š” GM์—์„œ 14๋…„ ์ „์— ๋งŒ๋“  ์„ ๊ตฌ์  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ
07:20
84 miles a gallon without even using a hybrid, in a four-seater.
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ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์—”์ง„์„ ์“ด ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ๋„ 4์ธ์Šน์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋‹น 36 km๋ฅผ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
Well, saving that fuel, 69 percent of the fuel in light vehicles
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ ˆ์•ฝ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ 69 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋Š”
07:27
costs about 57 cents per saved gallon.
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๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋‹น ์•ฝ 15์„ผํŠธ ์ •๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
But it's even a better deal for heavy trucks,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
where you save a similar amount at 25 cents a gallon,
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋‹น 6.6์„ผํŠธ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:36
with better aerodynamics and tires and engines, and so on,
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ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์— ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—ญํ•™ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒ€์ด์–ด์™€ ์—”์ง„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์†๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:39
and taking out weight so you can put it into payload.
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์ฐจ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด ์‹ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง๋„ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
So you can double efficiency with a 60 percent internal rate of return.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  60% ์ •๋„๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
Then you can go even further, almost tripling efficiency
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ ๋„ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šด์ „๋ฒ•์„ ์ข€ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด
07:51
with some operational improvements,
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ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:53
double the big haulers' margins.
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์šด์†กํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ด์ต์ด ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
And we intend to use those numbers to create demand pull, and flip the market.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ํ›‘์–ด๋ณด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
In the airplane business, it's again a similar story
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ์‹œ์žฅ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
where the first 20 percent fuel saving is free,
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๋ณด์ž‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๋“œ๋ฆผ๋ผ์ด๋„ˆ ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
08:07
as Boeing is now demonstrating in its new Dreamliner.
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ ˆ์•ฝ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ 20 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
But then the next generation of planes saves about half.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•œ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
Again, much cheaper than buying the fuel.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ๋จนํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
And if you go over the next 15 years or so to a blended-wing body,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋žต 15๋…„์ฏค ๋’ค์— ๋‚ ๊ฐœ์™€ ๋™์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ฒดํ˜•์ธ,
08:21
kind of a flying wing with internal engines,
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๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์—”์ง„์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „์ตํ˜• ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด
08:25
then you get about a factor three efficiency improvement
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์—
08:29
at comparable or lower cost.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
Let me focus a minute on the light vehicles, the cars and light trucks,
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์ž ์‹œ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒฝ์ฐจํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝํŠธ๋Ÿญ ์–˜๊ธฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
because we all know the most about those;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ณ 
08:37
probably everybody here drives one.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•œ ๋Œ€ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋ชฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:40
And yet we may not realize that in a standard sedan,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ์•„๋งˆ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์Šน์šฉ์ฐจ์—
08:43
of all the fuel energy you feed into the car,
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๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ 8๋ถ„์˜ 7์€
08:46
seven-eighths never gets to the wheels;
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๋ฐ”ํ€ด๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
it's lost first in the engine, idling at zero miles a gallon,
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์ผ๋‹จ 1 ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ์—”์ง„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๊ณ ,
08:52
the power train and accessories.
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๋™๋ ฅ์ „๋‹ฌ ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น  ๋•Œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์†์‹ค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
So then of the energy that does get to the wheels,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š”
08:58
only an eighth of it, half of that, goes to heat the tires on the road,
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8๋ถ„์˜ 1์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•œ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ๋„๋กœ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š”
09:01
or to heat the air the car pushes aside.
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ํƒ€์ด์–ด ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์—ด๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ €ํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์†์‹ค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
And only this little bit, only six percent
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๊ฒจ์šฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ 6ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋งŒ์ด
09:05
actually ends up accelerating the car
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:08
and then heating the brakes when you stop.
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๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:10
In fact, since 95 percent of the weight you're moving is the car not the driver,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์˜ 95ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ์ง€ ์šด์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
09:13
less than one percent of the fuel energy ends up moving the driver.
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์šด์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” 1ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋„ ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
This is not very gratifying
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๋ฐฑ ๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ณ ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„
09:18
after more than a century of devoted engineering effort.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŒ์ด๋‹ˆ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€์š”.
09:21
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:22
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:23
Moreover, three-fourths of the fuel use is caused by the weight of the car.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ 4๋ถ„์˜ 3์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
And it's obvious from the diagram that every unit of energy you save at the wheels
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๋„ํ‘œ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฐ”ํ€ด์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด
09:34
is going to avoid wasting another seven units of energy
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๋ฐ”ํ€ด์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”
09:37
getting that energy to the wheels.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ 7๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
So there's huge leverage for making the car a lot lighter.
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์ฆ‰ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์€ ์ ์ด ๋งŽ์ฃ .
09:43
And the reason this has not been very seriously examined before
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์ด์ ์„ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
09:46
is there was a common assumption in the industry that --
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š”๊ฒŒ
09:50
well, then it might not be safe if you got whacked by a heavy car,
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:53
and it would cost a lot more to make,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
because the only way we know how to make cars much lighter
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์˜ˆ์ „์— ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
09:57
was to use expensive light metals like aluminum and magnesium.
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์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„์ด๋‚˜ ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„ค์Š˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ’๋น„์‹ผ ๊ธˆ์†์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:01
But these objections are now vanishing through advances in materials.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
For example, we use a lot of carbon-fiber composites
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด, ์Šคํฌ์ธ ์šฉํ’ˆ์—๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„
10:09
in sporting goods.
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๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ๊ณ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:11
And it turns out that these are quite remarkable for safety.
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์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๋„ ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
Here's a handmade McLaren SLR carbon car that got t-boned by a Golf.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํญ์Šค๋ฐ”๊ฒ ๊ณจํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋งฅ๋ผ๋ Œ์˜ SLR ํƒ„์†Œ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฐจ ์˜†๋ฉด์„ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
The Golf was totaled.
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๊ณจํ”„๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ€์„œ์กŒ์ฃ .
10:23
The McLaren just popped off and scratched the side panel.
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๋งฅ๋ผ๋ Œ์€ ์˜†์ด ์ข€ ๊ตฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ  ํ ์ง‘์ด ๋‚œ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
They'll pop it back on and fix the scratch later.
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์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
10:29
But if this McLaren were to run into a wall at 65 miles an hour,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋งฅ๋ผ๋ Œ์ด ์‹œ์† 104km๋กœ ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋“ค์ด๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:32
the entire crash energy would be absorbed
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ์„ฌ์œ  ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋œ ์›๋ฟ”(cone)์ด
10:35
by a couple of woven carbon-fiber composite cones,
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋ถ€ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
weighing a total of 15 pounds, hidden in the front end.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์•ž๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ ์ด๋ฌด๊ฒŒ 7 kg์˜ ์žฅ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
Because these materials could actually absorb
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์ด ์†Œ์žฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์–‘์˜ ๊ฐ•์ฒ ๋ณด๋‹ค
10:44
six to 12 times as much energy per pound as steel,
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6์—์„œ 12๋ฐฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:48
and do so a lot more smoothly.
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๊ณผ์ •๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
And this means we've just cracked the conundrum of safety and weight.
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์ฆ‰, ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊นจ์ง„ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
10:55
We could make cars bigger, which is protective, but make them light.
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์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๋†’์€ ํฐ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋„ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
Whereas if we made them heavy, they'd be both hostile and inefficient.
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๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šฐ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด,
11:06
And when you make them light in the right way,
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด
11:08
that can be simpler and cheaper to make.
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๋” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ’์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:13
You can end up saving money, and lives, and oil, all at the same time.
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๋ˆ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ, ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ ˆ์•ฝ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
I showed here two years ago
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์ „ 2๋…„ ์ „์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
11:20
a little bit about a design of your basic, uncompromised,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ผญ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”
11:24
quintupled-efficiency suburban-assault vehicle --
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ํšจ์œจ์ด 5๋ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ต์™ธ์šฉ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:30
-- and this is a complete virtual design
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ 3D ๋ชจํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
that is production-costed manufacturable.
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์›๊ฐ€๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œ์ž‘๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
And the process needed to make it
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ์ž‘๊ณต์ •์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
11:40
is actually coming toward the market quite nicely.
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์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋‚ด๋†“์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
We figured out a kind of a digital inkjet printer
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ž‰ํฌ์ ฏ ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋ฅผ
11:46
for this very stiff, strong, carbon-composite material,
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๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ณตํ•ฉ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:52
and then ways to thermoform it,
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์ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
because it's a combination of carbon and nylon,
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ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ๋‚˜์ผ๋ก ์„ ์–ฝ์–ด ๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:57
into whatever complex shapes you want,
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:00
like the one just shown at the auto show by one of the tier-one suppliers.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ „์— ๋ณธ ์˜คํ† ์‡ผ์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”
12:04
And the manufacturing you can do this way gets radically simplified.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
Because the auto body has only, say, 14 parts, instead of 100, 150.
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์ฐจ์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ’ˆ์ด 100๊ฐœ๋‚˜ 150๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋”ฑ 14๊ฐœ๋ฉด ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
12:13
Each one is formed by one fairly cheap die set,
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๊ฐ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์€ ๋น„์‹ผ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ํ”„๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€๊ณต ์ฒ ํŒ ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
12:16
instead of four expensive ones for stamping steel.
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๊ฐ’์‹ผ ๊ธˆํ˜• ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ฐ์–ด๋‚ด์ง€์š”.
12:19
Each of the parts can be easily lifted with no hoist.
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๊ฐ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์—†์ด๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:24
They snap together like a kid's toy.
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์• ๋“ค ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งž์ถ”๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
So you got rid of the body shop.
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๋”ฐ๋กœ ์ฐจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ํ•„์š”์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
12:28
And if you want, you can lay color in the mold, and get rid of the paint shop.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ฑํ˜• ์ค‘์— ์ƒ‰์„ ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด ๋”ฐ๋กœ ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ์น  ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
Those are the two hardest and costliest parts of making a car.
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ณต์ •์ด ์ฐจ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ˆ๋“ค๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:34
So you end up with at least two-fifths lower capital intensity
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ œ์กฐ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์‹ผ GM์˜ ๋žœ์‹ฑ ๊ณต์žฅ๋ณด๋‹ค
12:37
than the leanest plant in the industry, which GM has in Lansing.
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋น„๋ฅผ 2/5 ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
The plant also gets smaller.
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๊ณต์žฅ๋„ ์ž‘์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
12:44
Now, when you go through a similar analysis for every way we use oil,
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์ž, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„์‹์„ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
12:48
including buildings, industry, feedstocks and so on,
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…, ๊ฐ์ข… ์›๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œ์ผœ๋ณด๋ฉด,
12:51
you find that of the 28 million barrels a day
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๋ฏธ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” 2025๋…„์˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์„์œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰
12:54
the government says we will need in 2025,
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2800๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ 800๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด์€
12:57
well, about eight of that can be removed by efficiency by then,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ์ฏค ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•„์š”์—†์–ด ์ง€๊ณ 
13:02
with another seven still being saved as the vehicle stocks turn over,
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋ฉด์„œ 700๋งŒ์ด ๋” ์ ˆ์•ฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:06
at an average cost of only 12 bucks a barrel,
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์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ „ํ™˜๋น„์šฉ์€ ์„์œ ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด๋‹น 12 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
instead of 26 for buying the oil.
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์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ ค๋ฉด 26 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์ฃ .
13:11
And then another six can be made robustly, competitively,
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๋‹ค์‹œ 600๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด์€ ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ๊ณผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋””์ ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
13:16
from cellulosic ethanol and a little bio-diesel,
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๊ฐ’์‹ธ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
without interfering at all with the water or land needs of crop production.
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๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•  ๋•…์„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜์ฃ .
13:23
There is a huge amount of gas to be saved,
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์„์œ ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ ˆ์•ฝ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
about half the projected gas at about an eighth of its price.
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์˜ˆ์ธก ์„์œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฐ˜์€ 1/8 ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
13:30
And here are some no-brainer substitutions of it, with lots left over.
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๋Œ€์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
So much, in fact, that after you've handled the domestic oil forecast
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ฃ . ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ˆ์ธก ์„์œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ
13:41
from areas already approved,
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋นผ๋ฉด,
13:43
you have only this little bit left, and let's see how we can meet that,
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๋”ฑ ์ด ์ •๋„๋งŒ ๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
13:46
because there's a pretty flexible menu of ways.
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์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
13:49
We could, of course, buy more efficiency.
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์ผ๋‹จ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ฆ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
Maybe you ought to buy efficiency at 26 bucks instead of 12.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ฆ๋Œ€์— ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด๋‹น 12 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ 26 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:55
Or wait to capture the second half of it.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ˜ ์ชฝ์„ ์žก๋˜๊ฐ€์š”.
13:57
Or we could, of course, just get this little bit
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—๋‚˜ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์—์„œ
13:59
by continuing to import some Canadian and Mexican oil,
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์„์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:02
or the ethanol the Brazilians would love to sell us.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์˜ ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ์ด๋˜๊ฐ€์š”.
14:05
But they'll sell it to Japan and China instead,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†๋ฏผ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ช…๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋งค๊ฒจ์„œ
14:07
because we have tariff barriers to protect our corn farmers, and they don't.
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์ผ๋ณธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ˆ˜์ถœํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
Or we could use the saved gas directly to cover all of this balance,
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์ ˆ์•ฝํ•œ ์„์œ ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถœ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:16
or if we used it as hydrogen, which is more profitable and efficient,
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๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์†Œ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์“ด๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:19
we'd get rid of the domestic oil too.
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๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„์œ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์—†์•จ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:21
And that doesn't even count, for example,
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์–˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด
14:23
that available land in the Dakotas can cost effectively
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๋‚จ๋ถ ๋‹ค์ฝ”ํƒ€์ฃผ์˜ ๋‚จ์•„๋„๋Š” ๋•…์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
14:26
make enough wind power to run every highway vehicle in the country.
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์ „๊ตญ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ตด๋ฆด๋งŒํ•œ ํ’๋ ฅ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:29
So we have lots of options.
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๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
And the choice of menu and timing is quite flexible.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ๋„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:35
Now, to make this happen quicker and with higher confidence,
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์ž, ์ด ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ™•๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
14:38
there is a few ways government could help.
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์ค˜์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
For example, fee-bates, a combination of a fee and a rebate
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด, ํ”ผ๋ฒ ์ดํŠธ(fee-bates) ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์šฉ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ณผ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:45
in any size class of vehicle you want,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
can increase the price of inefficient vehicles
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์—ฐ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์œ ์ฐจ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
14:53
and correspondingly pay you a rebate for efficient vehicles.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์—ฐ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ์ฐจ์—๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด ์ง€๊ธ‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
You're not paid to change size class.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ƒ€๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:59
You are paid to pick efficiency within a size class,
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์—ฐ๋น„ ์ข‹์€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ƒ€๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋“์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
in a way equivalent to looking at all fourteen years of life-cycle fuel savings
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๋‹จ์ง€ 1~2๋…„ ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฐจ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ 14๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
15:08
rather than just the first two or three.
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์—ฐ๋น„ ์ ˆ์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋“์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
15:10
This expands choice rapidly in the market,
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์ด๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ํญ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ 
15:12
and actually makes more money for automakers as well.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
I'd like to deal with the lack of affordable personal mobility in this country
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
15:20
by making it very cheaply possible for low-income families
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๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ด๋™์„ฑ ๋ถ€์กฑ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
to get efficient, reliable, warranted new cars
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์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
15:28
that they could otherwise never get.
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ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ฐจ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
15:30
And for each car so financed, scrap almost one clunker,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธˆ์œต์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ฐจ์˜ ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚ก์€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
preferably the dirtiest ones.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ก์€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
15:36
This creates a new million-car-a-year market for Detroit
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์—…๊ณ„๋Š” ์‹ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์„œ
15:40
from customers they weren't going to get otherwise,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
15:42
because they weren't creditworthy and could never afford a new car.
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์ฐจ 100๋งŒ๋Œ€ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
And Detroit will make money on every unit.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ด๋“์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
It turns out that if, say, African-American and white households
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
15:50
had the same car ownership,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
15:52
it would cut employment disparity about in half
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์ทจ์ง๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ์žก๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
15:56
by providing better access to job opportunities.
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๊ณ ์šฉ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:58
So this is a huge social win, too.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ์ด์ต์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
16:00
Governments buy hundreds of thousands of cars a year.
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋งค ํ•ด์— ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
There are smart ways to buy them and to aggregate that purchasing power
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๊ทธ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์—ฐ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
16:07
to bring very efficient vehicles into the market faster.
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๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
And we could even do an X Prize-style golden carrot
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๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น๊ทผ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์„œ
16:13
that's worth stretching further for.
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๋” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
16:15
For example, a billion-dollar prize for the first U.S. automaker
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด ์•„๊นŒ ๋ณธ ์ง„์งœ ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ฐจ 20๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ฅผ
16:19
to sell 200,000 really advanced vehicles, like some you saw earlier.
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๋จผ์ € ํŒŒ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
Then the legacy airlines can't afford to buy the efficient new planes
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒˆ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
16:29
they desperately need to cut their fuel bills,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
but if you felt philosophically you wanted to do anything about that,
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์ด์ ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:35
there are ways to finance it.
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์ƒˆ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:37
And at the same time to scrap inefficient old planes,
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์ƒˆ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ๋•Œ ์—ฐ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์œ ์˜›๋‚  ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ๊ธฐํ•ด์„œ
16:41
so that if they were otherwise to come back in the air,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋‚ ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
16:44
they would waste more oil,
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์„์œ ๋ฅผ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ 
16:46
and block the uptake of efficient, new planes.
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์—ฐ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒˆ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ง‰์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:49
Those part inefficient planes
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๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ
16:51
are worth more to society dead than alive.
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์‚ด์•„์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋” ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
We ought to take them out back and shoot them,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ
16:55
and put bounty hunters after them.
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์˜› ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:57
Then there's an important military role.
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๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
17:00
That in creating the move to high-volume,
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์ „ํ™˜์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋ ค๋ฉด
17:04
low-cost commercial production of these kinds of materials,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
17:07
or for that matter, ultra-light steels
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์•ˆ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•์ฒ ๋กœ
17:09
that are a good backup technology,
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
the military can do the trick it did
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๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€ ์ „์‚ฐ๋ง์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พผ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
17:15
in turning DARPAnet into the Internet.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ๋˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:17
Just turn it over to the private sector, and we have an Internet.
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๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋„˜๊ธฐ๋ฉด ๋˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:21
The same for GPS.
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GPS๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ณ 
17:24
The same for the modern semi-conductor industry.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์‚ฐ์—…๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
That is, military science and technology that they need
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๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ•ด์„œ
17:30
can create the advanced materials-industrial cluster
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์‹ ์†Œ์žฌ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
17:33
that transforms its civilian economy and gets the country off oil,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„์œ ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
which would be a huge contribution to eliminating conflict over oil
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์„์œ ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ์ข…์‹ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ณตํ—Œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
17:39
and advancing national and global security.
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๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ณด์•ˆ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:41
Then we need to retool the car industry and do retraining,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์žฌํŽธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์žฌ๊ต์œกํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:46
and shift the convergence of the energy and ag-value chains
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๋˜, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๋†์—… ๊ฐ€์น˜์‚ฌ์Šฌ์˜ ์œตํ•ฉ์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด์„œ
17:50
to shift faster from hydrocarbons to carbohydrates,
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ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ(์„์œ ,์„ํƒ„)์—์„œ ํƒ„์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œ์ผœ
17:53
and get out of our own way in other ways.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
And make the transition to more efficient vehicles go faster.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์†ก์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ํšจ์œจํ™”๋ฅผ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
18:00
But here's how the whole thing fits together.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:02
Instead of official forecasts of oil use
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์„์œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ž… ์„์œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ณ„์† ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š”
18:05
and oil imports going forever up,
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๊ณต์‹ ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ๋ถ™์žก๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ,
18:07
they can turn down with the 12 dollars a barrel efficiency,
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ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด๋‹น 12 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
down steeply by adding the supply-side substitutions at 18 bucks,
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๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด 18 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ ˆ์•ฝํญ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜์ฃ .
18:15
all implemented at slower rates than we've done before when we paid attention.
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์ „์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„์œ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Š๋ฆฐ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ดํ–‰๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:19
And if we start adding tranches of hydrogen in there,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜์†Œ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
18:22
we are rapidly off imports and completely off oil in the 2040s.
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๊ธ‰์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„์œ ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ 2040๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
And the one thing I'd like to point out here is that we've done this before.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์ „์—๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:30
In this eight-year period, 1977 to 85, when we last paid attention,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์— ์„์œ ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ 1977๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 85๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ 8๋…„๊ฐ„์—
18:35
the economy grew 27 percent, oil use fell 17 percent,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” 27% ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์„์œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ 17%๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:40
oil imports fell 50 percent, oil imports from the Persian Gulf fell 87 percent.
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์ˆ˜์ž…์„์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ 50% ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”์ฃ . ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„๋งŒ ์ชฝ ์„์œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ 87%๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
They would have been gone if we'd kept that up one more year.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ํ•ด๋งŒ ๋” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์„์œ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์•ˆํ•ด๋„ ๋์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
Well, that was with very old technologies and delivery methods.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์†ก์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
18:52
We could rerun that play a lot better now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:55
And yet what we proved then is the U.S. has more market power than OPEC.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด OPEC๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:58
Ours is on the demand side.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”์ž ์ธก๋ฉด์— ์„œ์žˆ์ฃ .
19:00
We are the Saudi Arabia of "nega-barrels." (Laughter)
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„์œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋”” ์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„๊ธ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:02
We can use less oil faster than they can conveniently sell less oil.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์œ ๊ตญ์ด ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ๋œ ํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์„์œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:07
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
19:14
Whatever your reason for wanting to do this,
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์„์œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—,
19:17
whether you're concerned about national security or price volatility --
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์•ˆ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฑ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋„๋›ฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฑฑ์ •๋˜์„œ์ธ์ง€ --
19:20
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
19:21
-- or jobs, or the planet, or your grand-kids,
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์ง์žฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ์ง€, ์ง€๊ตฌํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ ์ง€, ์†์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฐ„์—
19:24
it seems to me that this is an oil endgame
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์„์œ ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ
19:27
that we should all be playing to win.
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ด๊ฒจ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:29
Please download your copy, and thank you very much.
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๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:32
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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