How to seek truth in the era of fake news | Christiane Amanpour

149,022 views ใƒป 2017-10-30

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
Chris Anderson: Christiane, great to have you here.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ, ื ื”ื“ืจ ืฉืืช ืื™ืชื ื•.
ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื ืงื•ื“ืช-ืžื‘ื˜ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”,
00:15
So you've had this amazing viewpoint,
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
00:17
and perhaps it's fair to say that in the last few years,
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ื”ื™ื™ืช ืขื“ื” ืœื›ืžื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืื™ื’ื•ืช.
00:20
there have been some alarming developments that you're seeing.
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ืžื” ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชืš?
00:24
What's alarmed you most?
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00:25
Christiane Amanpour: Well, just listening to the earlier speakers,
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ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ืืžื ืคื•ืจ: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืจืง ืžื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ืœืžืจืฆื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื,
00:28
I can frame it in what they've been saying:
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืืžืจื•:
00:31
climate change, for instance -- cities, the threat to our environment
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ -- ื”ืขืจื™ื, ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
00:34
and our lives.
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ื•ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
00:36
It basically also boils down to understanding the truth
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ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชืžืฆื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืืžืช
00:40
and to be able to get to the truth of what we're talking about
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ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืžืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
00:43
in order to really be able to solve it.
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ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื–ืืช.
00:45
So if 99.9 percent of the science on climate
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ืื– ืื 99.9% ืžื”ืžื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืืงืœื™ื
00:49
is empirical, scientific evidence,
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ื”ื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช ืืžืคื™ืจื™ื•ืช,
00:52
but it's competing almost equally with a handful of deniers,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ื ืืœืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืงื•ืžืฅ ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื™ื,
00:57
that is not the truth;
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ื–ืืช ืื™ื ื ื” ื”ืืžืช;
00:58
that is the epitome of fake news.
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ื–ืืช ื”ืชื’ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช.
01:01
And so for me, the last few years -- certainly this last year --
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ืื– ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™, ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช -- ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” --
01:06
has crystallized the notion of fake news in a way that's truly alarming
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ื’ื™ื‘ืฉื• ืืฆืœื™ ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:10
and not just some slogan to be thrown around.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืกืชื ืกื™ืกืžื” ืฉืžืคืจื™ื—ื™ื ื›ืœืื—ืจ-ื™ื“.
01:13
Because when you can't distinguish between the truth and fake news,
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ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืžืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช,
ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ
01:17
you have a very much more difficult time trying to solve
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•.
01:21
some of the great issues that we face.
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01:24
CA: Well, you've been involved in this question of,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช,
01:27
what is balance, what is truth, what is impartiality,
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ืฉืœ ืžื”ื• ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ, ืžื”ื™ ืืžืช, ืžื”ื• ืื™-ืžืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื,
01:30
for a long time.
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ืžื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.
ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ืช ืžื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืงืŸ ืœืคื ื™ 25 ืฉื ื”.
01:32
You were on the front lines reporting the Balkan Wars 25 years ago.
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ื•ืื– ืืžืจืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื™ืš ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื,
01:38
And back then, you famously said,
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01:41
by calling out human right abuses,
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ื›ืฉืงืจืืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื,
"ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื ื™ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื™ื,
01:44
you said, "Look, there are some situations one simply cannot be neutral about,
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01:48
because when you're neutral,
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"ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื ื™ื™ื˜ืจืœื™,
01:49
you are an accomplice."
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"ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืคืฉืข."
01:53
So, do you feel that today's journalists aren't heeding that advice
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ื”ืื ืœื“ืขืชืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืขืฆืชืš ื–ื•
ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ?
01:58
about balance?
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01:59
CA: Well, look, I think for journalists, objectivity is the golden rule.
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ื›"ื: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื, ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ื”ื–ื”ื‘.
02:03
But I think sometimes we don't understand what objectivity means.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืžื”ื™ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
02:08
And I actually learned this very, very young in my career,
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ื•ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžืื“ ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™,
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœืงืŸ.
02:11
which was during the Balkan Wars.
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02:12
I was young then.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืื–.
02:14
It was about 25 years ago.
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ื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›-25 ืฉื ื”.
02:16
And what we faced was the wholesale violation, not just of human rights,
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ื ื™ืฆื‘ื ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืคืจื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช, ืœื ืจืง ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื,
02:22
but all the way to ethnic cleansing and genocide,
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ืืœื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืืชื ื™ ื•ืจืฆื—-ืขื,
02:25
and that has been adjudicated in the highest war crimes court
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ื•ื–ื” ื–ื›ื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœืคืฉืขื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”.
02:29
in the world.
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ืื– ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืžื” ืจืื™ื ื•.
02:30
So, we know what we were seeing.
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02:32
Trying to tell the world what we were seeing
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ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืกืคืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื•
02:34
brought us accusations of bias,
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ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ืืฉืžื ื• ื‘ื”ื˜ื™ื™ื”,
02:37
of siding with one side,
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ื‘ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื“ ืžืกื•ื™ื,
02:39
of not seeing the whole side,
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช,
02:41
and just, you know, trying to tell one story.
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ื•ืจืง ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
02:43
I particularly and personally was accused of siding with,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ืืฉืžืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื,
02:48
for instance, the citizens of Sarajevo --
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืกืจื™ื™ื‘ื• --
02:50
"siding with the Muslims,"
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"ืžืฆื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื."
02:51
because they were the minority who were being attacked
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ืชืงืฃ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืกืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ.
02:54
by Christians on the Serb side
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02:58
in this area.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื“ืื™ื’ ืื•ืชื™.
03:00
And it worried me.
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03:01
It worried me that I was being accused of this.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ืช ืžื›ืš ืฉืžืืฉื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื–ื”.
03:03
I thought maybe I was wrong,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื˜ืขื™ืชื™,
ืื•ืœื™ ืฉื›ื—ืชื™ ืžื”ื™ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
03:05
maybe I'd forgotten what objectivity was.
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03:07
But then I started to understand that what people wanted
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื
03:10
was actually not to do anything --
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœื•ื --
03:12
not to step in,
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ืฉืœื ื ืชืขืจื‘,
03:13
not to change the situation,
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ืฉืœื ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘, ืฉืœื ื ื—ืคืฉ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
03:15
not to find a solution.
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03:16
And so, their fake news at that time,
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ืื– ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืื–,
03:19
their lie at that time --
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ื”ืฉืงืจ ืฉืœื”ื, ืื– --
03:20
including our government's, our democratically elected government's,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœืชื ื•, ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช,
03:24
with values and principles of human rights --
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ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื --
03:26
their lie was to say that all sides are equally guilty,
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ื”ืฉืงืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื”, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”,
ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื ืื” ืืชื ื™ืช,
03:30
that this has been centuries of ethnic hatred,
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03:32
whereas we knew that wasn't true,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
03:34
that one side had decided to kill, slaughter and ethnically cleanse
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ืฉืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืจื•ื’, ืœื˜ื‘ื•ื— ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืืชื ื™
03:38
another side.
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
03:39
So that is where, for me,
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ื•ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื”ื™ื, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™,
ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื›ืœ ืฆื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื”,
03:41
I understood that objectivity means giving all sides an equal hearing
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03:46
and talking to all sides,
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ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื,
03:48
but not treating all sides equally,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœืชืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ืก ืฉื•ื•ื”,
03:52
not creating a forced moral equivalence or a factual equivalence.
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ืœื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกืจื™ ื›ืคื•ื™ ืื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ-ืขืจืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™.
ื•ื›ืฉืืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ื–ืืช
03:57
And when you come up against that crisis point
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04:01
in situations of grave violations of international and humanitarian law,
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ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™,
ืื ืื™ื ืš ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื™ืš ืจื•ืื•ืช,
04:07
if you don't understand what you're seeing,
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04:09
if you don't understand the truth
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ืื ืื™ื ืš ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช,
04:11
and if you get trapped in the fake news paradigm,
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ื•ืื ืืช ื ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช,
04:15
then you are an accomplice.
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื– ืืช ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœืคืฉืข,
04:17
And I refuse to be an accomplice to genocide.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืกื™ืจื‘ืชื™ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืจืฆื—-ืขื.
04:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:26
CH: So there have always been these propaganda battles,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืžืื‘ืงื™ ืชืขืžื•ืœื”,
ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืช ืืžื™ืฆื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืงื˜ืช.
04:29
and you were courageous in taking the stand you took back then.
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04:33
Today, there's a whole new way, though,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืœ ืื—ืจืช,
04:37
in which news seems to be becoming fake.
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ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช.
04:39
How would you characterize that?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืืคื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ื–ื”?
ื›"ื: ืจืื”... ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ืช.
04:41
CA: Well, look -- I am really alarmed.
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04:43
And everywhere I look,
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ืœืืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืคื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜,
04:45
you know, we're buffeted by it.
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœื ื‘ื ื•.
04:47
Obviously, when the leader of the free world,
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™,
04:49
when the most powerful person in the entire world,
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ื›ืฉื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•,
04:52
which is the president of the United States --
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช --
04:54
this is the most important, most powerful country in the whole world,
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•,
04:59
economically, militarily, politically in every which way --
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ืฆื‘ืื™ืช, ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” --
05:04
and it seeks to, obviously, promote its values and power around the world.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืœืงื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืืช ืขืจื›ื™ื” ื•ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื”.
05:09
So we journalists, who only seek the truth --
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ืื– ืื ื•, ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื, ืฉืจืง ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžืช --
05:13
I mean, that is our mission --
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ื›ื™ ื–ืืช ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ื• --
ืื ื• ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžืช
05:15
we go around the world looking for the truth
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื,
05:17
in order to be everybody's eyes and ears,
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
05:19
people who can't go out in various parts of the world
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื
05:21
to figure out what's going on about things that are vitally important
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ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืฉืœื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื.
05:25
to everybody's health and security.
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ืื– ื›ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืžืืฉื™ื ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื”ืคืฆืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช,
05:27
So when you have a major world leader accusing you of fake news,
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05:33
it has an exponential ripple effect.
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ื–ื” ืžื›ื” ื’ืœื™ื.
05:37
And what it does is, it starts to chip away
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื›ืจืกื, ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
05:42
at not just our credibility,
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05:45
but at people's minds --
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื --
05:48
people who look at us, and maybe they're thinking,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื•, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
05:50
"Well, if the president of the United States says that,
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"ื ื•, ืื ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื›ื”,
"ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื•."
05:53
maybe somewhere there's a truth in there."
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05:56
CH: Presidents have always been critical of the media --
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื ืฉื™ืื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชื—ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช --
06:00
CA: Not in this way.
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ื›"ื: ืœื ื›ื›ื”.
06:01
CH: So, to what extent --
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื– ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื™ื“ื” --
06:03
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:04
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:07
CH: I mean, someone a couple years ago looking at the avalanche of information
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื, ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
06:14
pouring through Twitter and Facebook and so forth,
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ืฉื ืฉืคืš ื‘"ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ", ื‘"ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง" ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”,
06:17
might have said,
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ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืื•ืžืจ,
"ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”. ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืชืžื™ื“.
06:19
"Look, our democracies are healthier than they've ever been.
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06:21
There's more news than ever.
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"ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืื™-ืคืขื.
06:23
Of course presidents will say what they'll say,
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"ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื ืฉื™ืื™ื ืžืชื‘ื˜ืื™ื ื›ื›ื”,
06:25
but everyone else can say what they will say.
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"ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ื,
"ืžื” ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื–ื”? ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ?"
06:28
What's not to like? How is there an extra danger?"
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ื›"ื: ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
06:32
CA: So, I wish that was true.
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06:34
I wish that the proliferation of platforms upon which we get our information
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ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืžื”ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืืžืช, ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช,
06:41
meant that there was a proliferation of truth and transparency
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ืขื•ืžืง ื•ื“ื™ื•ืง.
06:45
and depth and accuracy.
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06:46
But I think the opposite has happened.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืงืจื” ื”ื”ื™ืคืš.
06:49
You know, I'm a little bit of a Luddite,
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ืื ื™ ืงืฆืช ืœื•ื“ื™ื˜ื™ืช, ืื•ื“ื” ื•ืืชื•ื•ื“ื”.
06:51
I will confess.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ "ืื•ื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข",
06:53
Even when we started to talk about the information superhighway,
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06:56
which was a long time ago,
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ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื–ืžืŸ,
06:58
before social media, Twitter and all the rest of it,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, "ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ" ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ,
07:00
I was actually really afraid
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ื—ืฉืฉืชื™ ืžืื•ื“
07:02
that that would put people into certain lanes and tunnels
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ืžื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื ื™ืก ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช
07:06
and have them just focusing on areas of their own interest
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืชืžืงื“ื• ืจืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”.
07:11
instead of seeing the broad picture.
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07:13
And I'm afraid to say that with algorithms, with logarithms,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉืช ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ื•ื”ืœื•ื’ืจื™ืชืžื™ื,
ื›ืœ ื”"ืจื™ืชืžื™ื" ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื,
07:18
with whatever the "-ithms" are
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07:19
that direct us into all these particular channels of information,
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ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืขืจื•ืฆื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื,
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
07:24
that seems to be happening right now.
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07:25
I mean, people have written about this phenomenon.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื–ืืช.
07:28
People have said that yes, the internet came,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžืจื• ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื•ืคื™ืข,
07:30
its promise was to exponentially explode our access to more democracy,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ ืืช ื’ื™ืฉืชื ื• ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”,
07:36
more information,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ืข,
ื™ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืช,
07:38
less bias,
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ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:40
more varied information.
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07:42
And, in fact, the opposite has happened.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืงืจื” ื”ื”ื™ืคืš.
07:44
And so that, for me, is incredibly dangerous.
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ืื– ื‘ืขื™ื ื™, ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:48
And again, when you are the president of this country and you say things,
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ืฉืืชื” ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
07:53
it also gives leaders in other undemocratic countries the cover
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืœื-ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช,
ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœื”ืขืœื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:00
to affront us even worse,
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08:02
and to really whack us -- and their own journalists --
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ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ืฃ ื‘ื ื• -- ื•ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ --
08:05
with this bludgeon of fake news.
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ืขื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช.
08:08
CH: To what extent is what happened, though,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”
08:10
in part, just an unintended consequence,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ืชื•ืฆืื” ืœื-ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช
08:12
that the traditional media that you worked in
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ืžื›ืš ืฉืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช
08:15
had this curation-mediation role,
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ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืื•ืฆืจ-ืžืชื•ื•ืš,
08:17
where certain norms were observed,
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ืขื ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช,
08:19
certain stories would be rejected because they weren't credible,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืืžื™ื ื™ื,
08:22
but now that the standard for publication and for amplification
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื›ืฉื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืคืจืกื•ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืชืคื•ืฆื”
08:28
is just interest, attention, excitement, click,
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ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงืฉื‘, ืจื™ื’ื•ืฉ, "ืงืœื™ืง",
08:32
"Did it get clicked on?"
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"ื”ืื ื”ืงืœื™ืงื• ืขืœ ื–ื”?"
08:33
"Send it out there!"
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"ืฉืœื— ืืช ื–ื”!"
08:34
and that's what's -- is that part of what's caused the problem?
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉ -- ื”ืื ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžื” ืฉื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”?
ื›"ื: ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ 2016,
08:38
CA: I think it's a big problem, and we saw this in the election of 2016,
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08:41
where the idea of "clickbait" was very sexy and very attractive,
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ื›ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ "ืคืชื™ื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ืงื™ื" ื”ื™ื” ืžืื“ ืกืงืกื™ ื•ืžื•ืฉืš,
08:46
and so all these fake news sites and fake news items
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืืชืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช
ืœื ื”ื•ืคืฆื• ื›ืœืื—ืจ-ื™ื“ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงืจื™,
08:51
were not just haphazardly and by happenstance being put out there,
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08:55
there's been a whole industry in the creation of fake news
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ืืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช
08:59
in parts of Eastern Europe, wherever,
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืžื–ืจื—-ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”,
09:02
and you know, it's planted in real space and in cyberspace.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืฉืชืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™.
09:06
So I think that, also,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช
09:08
the ability of our technology to proliferate this stuff
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ืฉื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื”
09:13
at the speed of sound or light, just about --
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ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ืื• ื”ืื•ืจ --
09:17
we've never faced that before.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื ื• ืขื ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”.
09:19
And we've never faced such a massive amount of information
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื ื• ืขื ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข
ืฉืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืจื™ื›ื”
09:24
which is not curated
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09:25
by those whose profession leads them to abide by the truth,
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ืืฆืœ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช
09:31
to fact-check
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09:32
and to maintain a code of conduct and a code of professional ethics.
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ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงื•ื“ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื•ืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืืชื™ืงื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช.
09:37
CH: Many people here may know people who work at Facebook
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘"ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง",
09:40
or Twitter and Google and so on.
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ื‘"ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ", ื‘"ื’ื•ื’ืœ" ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”.
09:42
They all seem like great people with good intention --
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ื›ื•ืœื ื ืจืื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื ืขื ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช --
ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื›ืŸ.
09:46
let's assume that.
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ืื™ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
09:47
If you could speak with the leaders of those companies,
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื”ื?
09:51
what would you say to them?
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09:52
CA: Well, you know what --
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ื›"ื: ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” --
09:54
I'm sure they are incredibly well-intentioned,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
09:56
and they certainly developed an unbelievable, game-changing system,
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง,
10:01
where everybody's connected on this thing called Facebook.
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ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”, "ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง",
ื•ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืื“ื™ืจื”
10:05
And they've created a massive economy for themselves
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10:08
and an amazing amount of income.
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ื•ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช.
10:11
I would just say,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจืง ืื•ืžืจืช,
10:12
"Guys, you know, it's time to wake up and smell the coffee
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"ื—ื‘ืจ'ื”, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
"ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•."
10:17
and look at what's happening to us right now."
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10:19
Mark Zuckerberg wants to create a global community.
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ืžืืจืง ืฆื•ืงืจื‘ืจื’ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
10:22
I want to know: What is that global community going to look like?
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ืื•ืชื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ืชื™ืจืื” ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช?
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžื”ื ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช.
10:26
I want to know where the codes of conduct actually are.
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ืžืืจืง ืฆื•ืงืจื‘ืจื’ ืืžืจ --
10:30
Mark Zuckerberg said --
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10:31
and I don't blame him, he probably believed this --
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืฉื™ืžื” ืื•ืชื•, ื”ื•ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš --
10:34
that it was crazy to think
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ืฉืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
ืฉื”ืจื•ืกื™ื ืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
10:37
that the Russians or anybody else could be tinkering and messing around
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10:41
with this avenue.
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10:42
And what have we just learned in the last few weeks?
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ื•ืžื” ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื?
10:44
That, actually, there has been a major problem in that regard,
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
10:47
and now they're having to investigate it and figure it out.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืงืจื”.
ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื
10:51
Yes, they're trying to do what they can now
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10:54
to prevent the rise of fake news,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช,
10:56
but, you know,
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ืื‘ืœ, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข,
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื˜ื•ืœ-ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืื“.
10:58
it went pretty unrestricted for a long, long time.
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ืื– ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจืช,
11:03
So I guess I would say, you know,
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"ื—ื‘ืจ'ื”, ืืชื ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช;
11:05
you guys are brilliant at technology;
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"ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืคืฆื— ืขื•ื“ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื.
11:07
let's figure out another algorithm.
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"ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื‘?"
11:09
Can we not?
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ืช --
11:10
CH: An algorithm that includes journalistic investigation --
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ื›"ื: ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืื™ืš ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• --
11:13
CA: I don't really know how they do it, but somehow, you know --
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11:16
filter out the crap!
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ืชืกื ื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืจื ื”ื–ื”!
11:18
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:19
And not just the unintentional --
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืœื-ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ --
11:21
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:24
but the deliberate lies that are planted
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ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉืงืจื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฉืชืœื™ื
ืข"ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืฉื’ืจื” ืžืœื—ืžืชื™ืช
11:27
by people who've been doing this as a matter of warfare
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11:31
for decades.
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ืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
11:32
The Soviets, the Russians --
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ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื, ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื --
11:34
they are the masters of war by other means, of hybrid warfare.
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ื”ื ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช.
11:40
And this is a --
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ื•ื–ื” --
11:42
this is what they've decided to do.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
11:45
It worked in the United States,
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ื–ื” ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืฆืจืคืช,
11:47
it didn't work in France,
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11:48
it hasn't worked in Germany.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”.
11:50
During the elections there, where they've tried to interfere,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื, ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘,
11:53
the president of France right now, Emmanuel Macron,
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ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจืคืช ื›ื™ื•ื, ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืžืงืจื•ืŸ,
11:55
took a very tough stand and confronted it head on,
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ื ืงื˜ ืขืžื“ื” ื ื•ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ื•ื”ืชืขืžืช ืขื ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™,
11:58
as did Angela Merkel.
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืื ื’ืœื” ืžืจืงืœ.
11:59
CH: There's some hope to be had from some of this, isn't there?
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื™ื–ื• ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
12:02
That the world learns.
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ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืงื—, ืฉืฉื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื ื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช,
12:03
We get fooled once,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื,
12:05
maybe we get fooled again,
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12:06
but maybe not the third time.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช.
ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื›"ื: ื ืงื•ื•ื”.
12:08
Is that true?
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12:09
CA: I mean, let's hope.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ื›ืš ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
12:10
But I think in this regard that so much of it is also about technology,
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12:13
that the technology has to also be given some kind of moral compass.
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ืฉื’ื ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื“ ืื™ื–ื” ืžืฆืคืŸ ืžื•ืกืจื™.
ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™.
12:17
I know I'm talking nonsense, but you know what I mean.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืืช ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช...
12:20
CH: We need a filter-the-crap algorithm with a moral compass --
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ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื• ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ-ื—ืจื ืขื ืžืฆืคืŸ ืžื•ืกืจื™ --
12:23
CA: There you go.
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ื›"ื: ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
ื›ืจื™ืก: ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘.
12:25
CH: I think that's good.
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12:26
CA: No -- "moral technology."
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ื›"ื: ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช!
12:27
We all have moral compasses -- moral technology.
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืžืฆืคืŸ ืžื•ืกืจื™ -- ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช!
ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืืชื’ืจ ื ื”ื“ืจ. ื›"ื: ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™.
12:31
CH: I think that's a great challenge. CA: You know what I mean.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช.
12:34
CH: Talk just a minute about leadership.
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ื”ื–ื“ืžืŸ ืœืš ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
12:36
You've had a chance to speak with so many people across the world.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื—ืœืงื ื• --
12:39
I think for some of us --
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12:40
I speak for myself, I don't know if others feel this --
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืขืฆืžื™, ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืื—ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืš --
ื™ืฉ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืื›ื–ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ื’:
12:43
there's kind of been a disappointment of:
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"ืื™ืคื” ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื?"
12:45
Where are the leaders?
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ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื”ืชืื›ื–ื‘ื• --
12:47
So many of us have been disappointed --
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12:49
Aung San Suu Kyi, what's happened recently,
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ืื•ื ื’ ืกืŸ ืกื• ืฆ'ื™, ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
ื›ืื™ืœื•, "ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ื ืคืœ."
12:51
it's like, "No! Another one bites the dust."
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12:53
You know, it's heartbreaking.
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ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื‘.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:55
(Laughter)
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12:56
Who have you met
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ืืช ืžื™ ืคื’ืฉืช
12:58
who you have been impressed by, inspired by?
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ืฉื”ืจืฉื™ื ืื•ืชืš, ืฉืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ืš ื”ืฉืจืื”?
13:01
CA: Well, you talk about the world in crisis,
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ื›"ื: ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ,
13:03
which is absolutely true,
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ืžื” ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ืžืจื™,
13:05
and those of us who spend our whole lives immersed in this crisis --
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ื•ืืœื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” --
13:09
I mean, we're all on the verge of a nervous breakdown.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขืœ ืกืฃ ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ื.
13:12
So it's pretty stressful right now.
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ืื– ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื™ ืžืชื•ื— ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
13:15
And you're right --
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ื•ืืชื” ืฆื•ื“ืง --
13:16
there is this perceived and actual vacuum of leadership,
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ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืจึดื™ืง ื•ื’ื ืจื™ืง ืžืžืฉื™ ื‘ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช,
13:19
and it's not me saying it, I ask all these --
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ื–ืืช, ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืืช ื›ืœ --
13:22
whoever I'm talking to, I ask about leadership.
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ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืื™ืชื•, ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช.
13:25
I was speaking to the outgoing president of Liberia today,
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื ื”ื ืฉื™ืื” ื”ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืฉืœ ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื”,
13:29
[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,]
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ืืœืŸ ืกื™ืจืœื™ืฃ ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ.
13:31
who --
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ืฉ --
13:32
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:34
in three weeks' time,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
13:36
will be one of the very rare heads of an African country
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืคืจื™ืงื ื™ืช
13:40
who actually abides by the constitution
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ืฉืžืžืฉ ืžืฆื™ื™ืชื™ื ืœื—ื•ืงื”
13:42
and gives up power after her prescribed term.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชืคื ื” ืืช ื›ืกืื” ืขื ืชื•ื ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื”.
13:46
She has said she wants to do that as a lesson.
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืœืงื—.
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช,
13:50
But when I asked her about leadership,
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13:52
and I gave a quick-fire round of certain names,
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ื•ื–ืจืงืชื™ ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืช,
13:54
I presented her with the name of the new French president,
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ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจืคืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ,
13:57
Emmanuel Macron.
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ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืžืงืจื•ืŸ,
13:59
And she said --
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” --
14:00
I said, "So what do you think when I say his name?"
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ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™, "ืื– ืžื” ืืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ืฉืžื•?"
14:03
And she said,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”,
14:05
"Shaping up potentially to be
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"ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชืžืŸ ื›ืžื ื”ื™ื’
14:07
a leader to fill our current leadership vacuum."
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"ืฉื™ืžืœื ืืช ื”ืจื™ืง ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืชื™ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™."
ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื“.
14:12
I thought that was really interesting.
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14:13
Yesterday, I happened to have an interview with him.
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ื•ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืชื•.
ืื ื™ ืžืื“ ื’ืื” ืœื•ืžืจ
14:16
I'm very proud to say,
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ืฉื”ืฉื’ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ืชื•. ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืชืžื•ืœ.
14:17
I got his first international interview. It was great. It was yesterday.
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ื•ื”ืชืจืฉืžืชื™ ืžืื“.
14:20
And I was really impressed.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™,
14:22
I don't know whether I should be saying that in an open forum,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืจืฉืžืชื™ ืžืื“.
14:25
but I was really impressed.
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14:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:28
And it could be just because it was his first interview,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•,
14:31
but -- I asked questions, and you know what?
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ืื‘ืœ -- ืฉืืœืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช, ื•ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื”?
14:33
He answered them!
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ื”ื•ื ืขื ื” ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ!
14:34
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:36
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืกืคื™ื ื™ื,
14:40
There was no spin,
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14:41
there was no wiggle and waggle,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืชืคืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช,
ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ "ื ื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื ื’ื™ืข ืœื ืงื•ื“ื”."
14:44
there was no spend-five-minutes- to-come-back-to-the-point.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืงื˜ื•ืข ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
14:47
I didn't have to keep interrupting,
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14:48
which I've become rather renowned for doing,
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ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื“ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื‘ื–ื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
14:50
because I want people to answer the question.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ืขื ื• ืœืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™.
14:53
And he answered me,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื ื” ืœื™,
14:55
and it was pretty interesting.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
14:58
And he said --
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ --
14:59
CH: Tell me what he said.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืกืคืจื™ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ.
15:01
CA: No, no, you go ahead.
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ื›"ื: ืœื, ืœื. ืกืคืจ ืืชื”.
15:02
CH: You're the interrupter, I'm the listener.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืืช ื”ืงื•ื˜ืขืช ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืžืื–ื™ืŸ.
15:04
CA: No, no, go ahead.
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ื›"ื: ืœื. ืœืš ืขืœ ื–ื”. ื›ืจื™ืก: ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ?
ื›"ื: ื˜ื•ื‘. ื“ื™ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
15:06
CH: What'd he say?
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15:07
CA: OK. You've talked about nationalism and tribalism here today.
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื•, "ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื”ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื•ืช
15:10
I asked him, "How did you have the guts to confront the prevailing winds
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"ืฉืœ ืื ื˜ื™-ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ืคื•ืคื•ืœื™ื–ื
15:14
of anti-globalization, nationalism, populism
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15:18
when you can see what happened in Brexit,
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"ื›ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืžื” ืงืจื” ืขื ื”ื‘ืจืงื–ื™ื˜,
15:20
when you could see what happened in the United States
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"ื›ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืžื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
"ื•ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2017?"
15:23
and what might have happened in many European elections
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15:25
at the beginning of 2017?"
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15:27
And he said,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”,
15:29
"For me, nationalism means war.
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"ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™, ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืžืœื—ืžื”.
15:33
We have seen it before,
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"ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœื›ืš,
15:35
we have lived through it before on my continent,
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"ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืฉืœื™,
15:37
and I am very clear about that."
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"ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”."
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืœืžืขืŸ ืจื•ื•ื— ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™,
15:40
So he was not going to, just for political expediency,
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ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
15:44
embrace the, kind of, lowest common denominator
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15:47
that had been embraced in other political elections.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
15:51
And he stood against Marine Le Pen, who is a very dangerous woman.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื ื’ื“ ืžืืจื™ ืœื”-ืคืŸ, ืื™ืฉื” ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ืžืื“.
15:56
CH: Last question for you, Christiane.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ.
16:00
TED is about ideas worth spreading.
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ืกืคืจื™ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ.
ืื™ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื ื˜ื•ืข ื”ื™ื•ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•,
16:02
If you could plant one idea into the minds of everyone here,
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16:06
what would that be?
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ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื”?
ื›"ื: ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจืช, ื”ื™ื–ื”ืจื• ืžืื“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื›ื;
16:08
CA: I would say really be careful where you get your information from;
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16:13
really take responsibility for what you read, listen to and watch;
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ืงื—ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืงื•ืจืื™ื, ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื•ืจื•ืื™ื;
16:18
make sure that you go to the trusted brands to get your main information,
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ื•ื“ืื• ืฉืืชื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
16:23
no matter whether you have a wide, eclectic intake,
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ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ ื•ืืงืœืงื˜ื™,
ื”ื™ืฆืžื“ื• ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื,
16:28
really stick with the brand names that you know,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข,
16:31
because in this world right now, at this moment right now,
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16:34
our crises, our challenges, our problems are so severe,
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ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื,
ืฉืื ืœื ื ื’ืœื” ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื
16:39
that unless we are all engaged as global citizens
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16:42
who appreciate the truth,
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ืฉืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžืช,
16:44
who understand science, empirical evidence and facts,
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ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืžื”ื ืžื“ืข, ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืืžืคื™ืจื™ื•ืช,
16:48
then we are just simply going to be wandering along
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ื›ื™ ืื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืชืขื” ื‘ืขืจืคืœ
16:52
to a potential catastrophe.
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ืœืขื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช.
16:54
So I would say, the truth,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจืช, ืืžืช,
16:55
and then I would come back to Emmanuel Macron
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืืœ ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืžืงืจื•ืŸ
ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ื”.
16:58
and talk about love.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื”ื‘ื”.
17:00
I would say that there's not enough love going around.
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17:04
And I asked him to tell me about love.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžืžื ื• ืœืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ื”.
17:07
I said, "You know, your marriage is the subject of global obsession."
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืš ื”ื ื ื•ืฉื ืœื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื."
17:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
17:12
"Can you tell me about love?
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"ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ื”? ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš?"
17:13
What does it mean to you?"
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉืืœืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ื”.
17:15
I've never asked a president or an elected leader about love.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
17:18
I thought I'd try it.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ -- ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ืขื ื” ืœื™!
17:19
And he said -- you know, he actually answered it.
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17:23
And he said, "I love my wife, she is part of me,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ืืฉืชื™, ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื™,
17:27
we've been together for decades."
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"ืื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื."
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
17:29
But here's where it really counted,
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17:30
what really stuck with me.
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื ืฉืืจ ืื™ืชื™.
17:32
He said,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ,
17:33
"It is so important for me to have somebody at home
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"ื–ื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
17:37
who tells me the truth."
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"ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืืžืช."
17:40
So you see, I brought it home. It's all about the truth.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื? ืกื’ืจืชื™ ืžืขื’ืœ. ื”ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžืช.
17:43
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
17:44
CH: So there you go. Truth and love. Ideas worth spreading.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”. ืืžืช ื•ืื”ื‘ื”. ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ.
ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ืืžื ืคื•ืจ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืคืœื.
17:47
Christiane Amanpour, thank you so much. That was great.
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17:49
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
17:50
CA: Thank you. CH: That was really lovely.
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ื›"ื: ืชื•ื“ื”. ื›ืจื™ืก: ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื ืคืœื.
17:53
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
17:54
CA: Thank you.
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ื›"ื: ืชื•ื“ื”.
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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