Steven Johnson: The Web and the city

19,476 views ใƒป 2008-10-10

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Liron Aloni ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:18
I want to take you back basically to my hometown,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืชื›ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื™,
00:21
and to a picture of my hometown of the week
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ืœืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื™ืจื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฉื‘ื•ืข,
00:23
that "Emergence" came out.
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ื‘ื• ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืกืคืจื™ "ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช".
00:25
And it's a picture we've seen several times.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื.
00:33
Basically, "Emergence" was published on 9/11.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ, "ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช" ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ื‘- 9.11
00:36
I live right there in the West Village,
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ื’ืจืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ืฉื, ื‘ื•ื•ืกื˜ ื•ื™ืœื™ื’'
00:41
so the plume was luckily blowing west, away from us.
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ืœืžื–ืœื ื•, ืขื ืŸ ื”ืขืฉืŸ ื ืฉื‘ ืžืขืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
00:46
We had a two-and-a-half-day-old baby in the house that was ours --
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ,
00:53
we hadn't taken it from somebody else.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืœื ืœืงื—ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืžืืฃ ืื—ื“
00:55
(Laughter)
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--ืฆื—ื•ืง--
00:57
And one of the thoughts that I had dealing with these two separate emergences
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ื•ืื—ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืชืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ืชื™, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ "ื”ืชื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช" ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช-
01:04
of a book and a baby, and having this event happen so close --
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ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืชื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื—ื“,
01:08
that my first thought, when I was still kind of in the apartment looking out at it all
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ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™, ื›ืฉืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ
01:12
or walking out on the street and looking out on it just in front of our building,
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ืื• ื›ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘,
01:15
was that I'd made a terrible miscalculation in the book that I'd just written.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™.
01:20
Because so much of that book was a celebration of the power
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ื—ืœืง ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—
01:24
and creative potential of density, of largely urban density,
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ื•ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช, ืฉืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
01:28
of connecting people and putting them together in one place,
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ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“,
01:31
and putting them on sidewalks together and having them share ideas
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ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช, ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช
01:34
and share physical space together.
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ื•ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช.
01:36
And it seemed to me looking at that -- that tower burning and then falling,
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ื ื“ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื™, ื›ืฉื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื ืฉืจืคื™ื ื•ืื– ื ื•ืคืœื™ื,
01:39
those towers burning and falling -- that in fact, one of the lessons
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ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื–ื”
01:41
here was that density kills.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื’ืช.
01:43
And that of all the technologies that were exploited
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ื•ืฉืžื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื•
01:46
to make that carnage come into being,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ื”ื–ื” ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
01:51
probably the single group of technologies that cost the most lives
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื’ืจืžื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื‘ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:57
were those that enable 50,000 people to live in two buildings
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ื”ื™ื ื–ืืช ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœ- 50,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
02:01
110 stories above the ground.
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ื‘- 110 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”.
02:03
If they hadn't been crowded --
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ืื ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื˜ื•ืคืคื™ื-
02:05
you compare the loss of life at the Pentagon to the Twin Towers,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื‘ืคื ื˜ื’ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื‘ืชืื•ืžื™ื,
02:08
and you can see that very powerfully.
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ.
02:10
And so I started to think, well, you know, density, density --
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช, ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช-
02:13
I'm not sure if, you know, this was the right call.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื–ื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
02:17
And I kind of ruminated on that for a couple of days.
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ื”ืจื”ืจืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื.
02:20
And then about two days later, the wind started to change a little bit,
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืขืจืš ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื”,
02:24
and you could sense that the air was not healthy.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื”ื.
02:27
And so even though there were no cars still in the West Village
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืกื˜ ื•ื™ืœื™ื’'
02:31
where we lived, my wife sent me out to buy a, you know,
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ืื™ืฉืชื™ ืฉืœื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช
02:34
a large air filter at the Bed Bath and Beyond,
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ืžืกื ืŸ ืื•ื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
02:38
which was located about 20 blocks away, north.
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ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ืขืจืš ืขืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฆืคื•ื ื”.
02:41
And so I went out.
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ืื– ื™ืฆืืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
02:43
And obviously I'm physically a very strong person, as you can tell -- (Laughter) --
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ืจื•ืื™ื, ืื ื™ ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื–ืง
02:47
so I wasn't worried about carrying this thing 20 blocks.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืกื—ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืกื ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืœืื•ืจืš ืขืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื.
02:50
And I walked out, and this really miraculous thing happened to me
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ื›ื™ืฉืฆืืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืœืื™ ืงืจื” ืœื™,
02:54
as I was walking north to buy this air filter,
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ื›ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื ื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกื ืŸ,
02:57
which was that the streets were completely alive with people.
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ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื,
03:02
There was an incredible -- it was, you know, a beautiful day,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื- ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ื™ืคื”,
03:05
as it was for about a week after,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข,
03:07
and the West Village had never seemed more lively.
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ื•ื”ื•ื•ืกื˜ ื•ื™ืœื™ื’' ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืจืื” ื—ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:10
I walked up along Hudson Street --
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืื“ืกื•ืŸ,
03:12
where Jane Jacobs had lived and written her great book
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ื’'ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก ื—ื™ื” ื•ื›ืชื‘ื” ืืช ืกืคืจื” ื”ื ืคืœื
03:14
that so influenced what I was writing in "Emergence" --
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ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื™,
03:16
past the White Horse Tavern,
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ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ ืคืื‘ ื”ืกื•ืก ื”ืœื‘ืŸ,
03:18
that great old bar where Dylan Thomas drank himself to death,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ืœืŸ ืชื•ืžืืก ื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ืœืžื•ื•ืช,
03:21
and the Bleecker Street playground was filled with kids.
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ื•ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื’ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื™ืงืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืœื ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
03:24
And all the people who lived in the neighborhood,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื’ืจื• ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”,
03:26
who owned restaurants and bars in the neighborhood,
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ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”,
03:28
were all out there -- had them all open.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื, ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืคืชื•ื—.
03:30
People were out.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
03:32
There were no cars, so it seemed even better, in some ways.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:34
And it was a beautiful urban day,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื™ืคื”.
03:37
and the incredible thing about it was that the city was working.
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ,
03:41
The city was there.
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื.
03:43
All the things that make a great city successful
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฆืœื™ื—ื”,
03:45
and all the things that make a great city stimulating --
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืžืจื’ืฉืช,
03:47
they were all on display there on those streets.
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ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืœืจืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
03:49
And I thought, well, this is the power of a city.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, ื–ื” ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ,
03:53
I mean, the power of the city --
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ-
03:55
we talked about cities as being centralized in space,
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ื›ืžืจื›ื– ืคื™ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื,
03:57
but what makes them so strong most of the time
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ืืš ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืขื™ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
03:59
is they're decentralized in function.
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ื–ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื– ืื—ื“ ืฉืื—ืจืื™ ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
04:01
They don't have a center executive branch that you can take out
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ืื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื– ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ
04:03
and cause the whole thing to fail.
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ื•ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ
04:05
If they did, it probably was right there at Ground Zero.
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ื•ืื ื”ื™ื”, ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื— ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื‘ื’ืจืื•ื ื“ ื–ื™ืจื•.
04:08
I mean, you know, the emergency bunker was right there,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืœื˜ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื
04:10
was destroyed by the attacks,
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ื•ื ื”ืจืก ื‘ื”ืชืงืคื”,
04:12
and obviously the damage done to the building and the lives.
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ื•ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื ื’ืจื ืœื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
04:14
But nonetheless, just 20 blocks north, two days later,
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ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ, ืจืง ืขืฉืจื™ื ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื ื” ืžืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
04:18
the city had never looked more alive.
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืจืืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื™ื”.
04:21
If you'd gone into the minds of the people,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืจืืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
04:23
well, you would have seen a lot of trauma,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
04:25
and you would have seen a lot of heartache,
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืื‘,
04:27
and you would have seen a lot of things that would take a long time to recover.
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•ืงื— ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
04:30
But the system itself of this city was thriving.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืขืฆืžื” ืฉื’ืฉื’ื”,
04:33
So I took heart in seeing that.
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ื”ืชืขื•ื“ื“ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื›ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
04:36
So I wanted to talk a little bit about the reasons why that works so well,
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ืื– ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืœ ื›ืš,
04:42
and how some of those reasons kind of map
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ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžืคื”
04:44
on to where the Web is going right now.
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ืฉืžืจืื” ืœืืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžืชืงื“ื ื›ืจื’ืข.
04:47
The question that I found myself asking to people
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
04:49
when I was talking about the book afterwards is --
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ื›ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
04:51
when you've talked about emergent behavior,
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช,
04:53
when you've talked about collective intelligence,
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช,
04:55
the best way to get people to kind of wrap their heads around that
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื
04:57
is to ask, who builds a neighborhood?
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ื–ื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ- ืžื™ ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”?
05:00
Who decides that Soho should have this personality
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ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืœืกื•ื”ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื›ื–ื•,
05:03
and that the Latin Quarter should have this personality?
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ื•ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ืข ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ ืชื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช?
05:05
Well, there are some kind of executive decisions,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื™ืฉ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื ื”ืœืชื™ื•ืช,
05:07
but mostly the answer is -- everybody and nobody.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ- ื›ื•ืœื ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“.
05:09
Everybody contributes a little bit.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืชื•ืจื ืงืฆืช.
05:11
No single person is really the ultimate actor
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ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื—ืงื• ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™
05:15
behind the personality of a neighborhood.
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ืฉืžื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.
05:17
Same thing to the question of, who was keeping the streets alive
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ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื” - ืžื™ ื“ื•ืื’ ืฉื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื
05:20
post-9/11 in my neighborhood?
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ืื—ืจื™ 11.9?
05:22
Well, it was the whole city.
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ื–ื• ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื•ืœื”
05:24
The whole system kind of working on it,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“
05:26
and everybody contributing a small little part.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืชื•ืจื ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ.
05:28
And this is increasingly what we're starting to see on the Web
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืจืฉืช
05:31
in a bunch of interesting ways --
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ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช
05:33
most of which weren't around, actually,
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ืฉืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช,
05:35
except in very experimental things,
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ืœืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื,
05:37
when I was writing "Emergence" and when the book came out.
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ื›ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื›ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ.
05:39
So it's been a very optimistic time, I think,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื™ื
05:41
and I want to just talk about a few of those things.
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ื•ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืืœื•.
05:43
I think that there is effectively a new kind of model of interactivity
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™
05:47
that's starting to emerge online right now.
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืŸ
05:49
And the old one looked like this.
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ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืš:
05:54
This is not the future King of England, although it looks like it.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืœืš ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืš
05:58
It's some guy, it's a GeoCities homepage of some guy that I found online
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ื–ื” ืกืชื ื‘ื—ื•ืจ, ื–ื”ื• ื“ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
06:01
who's interested, if you look at the bottom, in soccer and Jesus
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ืฉืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืœืžื˜ื”, ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ, ื‘ื™ืฉื•
06:04
and Garth Brooks and Clint Beckham and "my hometown" -- those are his links.
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ื‘ื’ืจืช' ื‘ืจื•ืงืก, ื‘ืงืœื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืงื”ืื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื•- ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืฉื.
06:07
But nothing really says
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื™ื“
06:09
this model of interactivity -- which was so exciting and captures the real,
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ืฉื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืืจ ื‘ืืžืช,
06:13
the Web Zeitgeist of 1995 -- than
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ืืช ืจื•ื— ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื– ื‘- 1995, ื›ืžื• ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ:
06:16
"Click here for a picture of my dog."
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"ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื™".
06:18
That is -- you know, there's no sentence
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ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืžืฉืคื˜
06:20
that kind of conjures up that period better than that, I think,
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ืฉืžืกืžืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”
06:24
which is that you suddenly have the power to put up a picture of your dog
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืคืชืื•ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืง ืœืฉื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœืš,
06:27
and link to it, and somebody reading the page
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ื•ืื– ืœืงืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ืืœื™ื”, ื•ืื– ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืงื•ืจื ืืช ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื–ื”
06:30
has the power to click on that link or not click on that link.
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ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืื• ืœื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
06:33
And, you know, I don't want to belittle that. That, in a sense --
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื–ืœื–ืœ ื‘ื–ื”,
06:36
to reference what Jeff was talking about yesterday --
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ืื ื ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื” ืฉื’'ืฃ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืืชืžื•ืœ-
06:39
that was, in a sense, the kind of interface electricity that
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืžืฉืง ื—ืฉืžืœื™
06:41
powered a lot of the explosion of interest in the Web:
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ืฉืžื ื™ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉืช,
06:44
that you could put up a link, and somebody could click on it,
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ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืฉืื“ื ืื—ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื™ื•,
06:46
and it could take you anywhere you wanted to go.
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ื•ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืฉ ืœืืŸ ืฉืชืจืฆื” ืœื’ืœื•ืฉ.
06:48
But it's still a very one-to-one kind of relationship.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ืื—ื“
06:50
There's one person putting up the link, and there's another person
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ื™ืฉ ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืื“ื ืื—ืจ
06:52
on the other end trying to decide whether to click on it or not.
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ืื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืื• ืœื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ.
06:57
The new model is much more like this,
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ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืš,
06:59
and we've already seen a couple of references to this.
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ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ื–ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื•.
07:01
This is what happens when you search "Steven Johnson" on Google.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืชืงื‘ืœ ืื ืชื—ืคืฉ "ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ" ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ.
07:05
About two months ago, I had the great breakthrough --
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ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
07:09
one of my great, kind of shining achievements --
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื”
07:12
which is that my website finally became a top result for "Steven Johnson."
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ืฉื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืฃ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ.
07:15
There's some theoretical physicist at MIT named Steven Johnson
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ื™ืฉ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ ื‘ MIT ืฉื ืงืจื ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ
07:21
who has dropped two spots, I'm happy to say.
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ืฉืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืœื”ื’ื™ื“- ื™ืจื“ ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.
07:24
(Laughter)
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-- ืฆื—ื•ืง--
07:25
And, you know, I mean, I'll look at a couple of things like this,
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ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
07:29
but Google is obviously the greatest technology ever invented for navel gazing.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื’ื•ื’ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช.
07:33
It's just that there are so many other people in your navel when you gaze.
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ืจืง ืฉืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื™ื --ืฆื—ื•ืง--
07:36
Because effectively, what's happening here,
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ืืŸ
07:41
what's creating this page, obviously -- and we all know this,
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื–ื”, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”-
07:43
but it's worth just thinking about it --
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”,
07:45
is not some person deciding that I am the number one answer for Steven Johnson,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื›ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื™ื "ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ"
07:49
but rather somehow the entire web of people
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ืืœื ืฉืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•, ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช
07:53
putting up pages and deciding to link to my page or not link to it,
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ืฉืžืขืœื™ื ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืื• ืœื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื™,
07:56
and Google just sitting there and running the numbers.
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ื•ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืจืง ื ืžืฆืืช ืฉื ื•ืžืจื™ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื.
07:59
So there's this collective decision-making that's going on.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื–ื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ
08:03
This page is effectively, collectively authored by the Web,
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ืขืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื ืงื‘ืข ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉืช
08:06
and Google is just helping us
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ื•ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืจืง ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื ื•
08:08
kind of to put the authorship in one kind of coherent place.
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ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™.
08:11
Now, they're more innovative -- well, Google's pretty innovative --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื - ื˜ื•ื‘, ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื,
08:14
but there are some new twists on this.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
08:17
There's this incredibly interesting new site -- Technorati --
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ื™ืฉ ืืชืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื ืงืจื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืจื˜ื™,
08:19
that's filled with lots of little widgets that are expanding on these.
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ืฉืžืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื’ืื“ื’'ื˜ื™ื ืฉืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”,
08:23
And these are looking in the blog world and the world of weblogs.
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ื•ื”ืืชืจ ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช.
08:27
He's analyzed basically all the weblogs out there that he's tracking.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื ืชื— ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืงื‘
08:31
And he's tracking how many other weblogs linked to those weblogs,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื ืชื— ื›ืžื” ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืื•ืชื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื“ืง,
08:34
and so you have kind of an authority --
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ืช--
08:36
a weblog that has a lot of links to it
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ื‘ืœื•ื’ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื•
08:38
is more authoritative than a weblog that has few links to it.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกืžื›ื•ืชื™ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืœื•ื’ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื•.
08:43
And so at any given time, on any given page on the Web, actually,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื ืชื•ืŸ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืžื•ื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื ืชื•ืŸ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืžืขืฉื”
08:45
you can say, what does the weblog community think about this page?
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ืžื” ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ืขืžื•ื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜?
08:48
And you can get a list.
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืจืฉื™ืžื”.
08:50
This is what they think about my site; it's ranked by blog authority.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื™ -- ื–ื” ืžื“ื•ืจื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื.
08:53
You can also rank it by the latest posts.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืจื’ ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืกื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
08:55
So when I was talking in "Emergence,"
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ื›ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช "ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช",
08:58
I talked about the limitations of the one-way linking architecture
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืช "ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื—ื“ ืฆื“ื“ื™".
09:00
that, basically, you could link to somebody else
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืฉืจ ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ
09:02
but they wouldn't necessarily know that you were pointing to them.
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ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืืชื” ืžืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ื•.
09:04
And that was one of the reasons why the web
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืจืฉืช
09:07
wasn't quite as emergent as it could be
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ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื—ื” ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœื”
09:09
because you needed two-way linking, you needed that kind of feedback mechanism
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื“ื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™, ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
09:11
to be able to really do interesting things.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
09:13
Well, something like Technorati is supplying that.
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ืืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืจื˜ื™ ืžืกืคืง ืืช ื–ื”.
09:16
Now what's interesting here is that this is a quote from Dave Weinberger,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ- ื–ื”ื• ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืจ,
09:19
where he talks about everything being purposive in the Web --
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ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืžื˜ืจื” ื‘ืจืฉืช --
09:23
there's nothing artificial.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™
09:25
He has this line where he says, you know, you're going to put up a link there,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืงื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ,
09:27
if you see a link, somebody decided to put it there.
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ืื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืฉื.
09:30
And he says, the link to one site didn't just grow on the other page "like a tree fungus."
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ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืืชืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ื’ื“ืœ ืกืชื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ ืื—ืจ ื›ืžื• "ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ืขืฅ".
09:35
And in fact, I think that's not entirely true anymore.
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ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
09:38
I could put up a feed of all those links generated by Technorati
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื™
09:42
on the right-hand side of my page,
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ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืขื™ื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืจื˜ื™,
09:44
and they would change as the overall ecology of the Web changes.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชืฉืชื ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจืฉืช.
09:47
That little list there would change.
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ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืชืฉืชื ื” ืื™ืชื.
09:49
I wouldn't really be directly in control of it.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื•
09:51
So it's much closer, in a way, to a data fungus, in a sense,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ืœืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื“ืข,
09:54
wrapped around that page, than it is to a deliberate link that I've placed there.
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ืฉื›ืจื•ื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื•ื“, ืžืืฉืจ ืœืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“.
10:00
Now, what you're having here is basically a global brain
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ืžื” ืฉืชืงื‘ืœื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื•ื— ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
10:03
that you're able to do lots of kind of experiments on to see what it's thinking.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘
10:06
And there are all these interesting tools.
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ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
10:08
Google does the Google Zeitgeist,
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ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืขืฉื• ืืช "ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜",
10:10
which looks at search requests to test what's going on, what people are interested in,
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ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”, ืžื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
10:15
and they publish it with lots of fun graphs.
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ื•ืžืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื ื’ืจืคื™ื ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื.
10:17
And I'm saying a lot of nice things about Google,
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ื’ืœ,
10:19
so I'll be I'll be saying one little critical thing.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ ืงื˜ืŸ.
10:20
There's a problem with the Google Zeitgeist,
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื "ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜",
10:22
which is it often comes back with news that a lot of people are searching
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื
10:26
for Britney Spears pictures, which is not necessarily news.
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ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ ืกืคื™ืจืก, ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
10:30
The Columbia blows up, suddenly there are a lot of searches on Columbia.
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ื›ืฉืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื”, ื”ื™ื• ืคืชืื•ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื”.
10:34
Well, you know, we should expect to see that.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื–ื”.
10:36
That's not necessarily something we didn't know already.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืงื•ื“ื.
10:38
So the key thing in terms of these new tools
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ืื– ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื›ืœื™ ืžื—ืงืจ
10:40
that are kind of plumbing the depths of the global brain,
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ืฉื—ื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
10:43
that are sending kind of trace dyes through that whole bloodstream --
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ืฉืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืžืขืงื‘ ื“ืจืš "ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื"
10:47
the question is, are you finding out something new?
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื - ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ?
10:49
And one of the things that I experimented with is this thing called Google Share
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ื ืงืจื "ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืฉืจ" (ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ)
10:52
which is basically, you take an abstract term,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžื•ื ื— ืžื•ืคืฉื˜,
10:56
and you search Google for that term,
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ื•ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ,
10:59
and then you search the results that you get back for somebody's name.
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ื•ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืฉื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
11:02
So basically, the number of pages that mention this term,
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ืื– ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ืคื™ื ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื—,
11:06
that also mention this page, the percentage of those pages
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ื•ื’ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืฉื, ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื“ืคื™ื ื”ืืœื”
11:09
is that person's Google Share of that term.
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ื–ื” ื”"ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืฉืจ" ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืขื ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ื ื—.
11:11
So you can do kind of interesting contests.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช.
11:13
Like for instance, this is a Google Share of the TED Conference.
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ื›ืžื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื- ื–ื”ื• "ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืฉืจ" ืขืœ ื•ืขื™ื“ืช TED.
11:17
So Richard Saul Wurman
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ืœืจื™ืฆ'ืจื“ ืกืื•ืœ ื•ื•ืจืžืŸ
11:20
has about a 15 percent Google Share of the TED conference.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจืš 15 ืื—ื•ื– "ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืฉืจ" ืขื ื”ืžื•ื ื— ื•ืขื™ื“ืช TED.
11:24
Our good friend Chris has about a six percent -- but with a bullet, I might add.
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ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืจื™ืก ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจืš 6 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ื”.
11:29
(Laughter)
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--ืฆื—ื•ืง--
11:31
But the interesting thing is, you can broaden the search a little bit.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืขื˜
11:34
And it turns out, actually, that 42 percent is the Mola mola fish.
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ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืœื“ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื” ืžื•ืœื” ื™ืฉ 42 ืื—ื•ื–
11:37
I had no idea.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’.
11:39
No, that's not true.
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ืœื, ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
11:40
(Laughter)
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--ืฆื—ื•ืง--
11:43
I made that up because I just wanted to put up a slide
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ื”ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืจืง ื›ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืชืžื•ื ื”
11:45
of the Mola mola fish.
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ืฉืœ ื“ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื” ืžื•ืœื”.
11:47
(Laughter)
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--ืฆื—ื•ืง--
11:49
I also did -- and I don't want to start a little fight in the next panel --
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™- ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืœืคื ืœ ื”ื‘ื-
11:52
but I did a Google Share analysis of evolution and natural selection.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— "ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืฉืจ" ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื— ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.
11:55
So right here -- now this is a big category, you have smaller percentages,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืื– ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
12:00
so this is 0.7 percent -- Dan Dennett, who'll be speaking shortly.
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ืื– ืžืชืงื‘ืœ 0.7 ืื—ื•ื– ื“ืŸ ื“ื ื˜ (ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™), ืฉื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื˜.
12:05
Right below him, 0.5 percent, Steven Pinker.
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ืžืชื—ืชื™ื• ืขื 0.5 ืื—ื•ื– ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื™ื ืงืจ (ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ ืงื ื“ื™).
12:10
So Dennett's in the lead a little bit there.
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ืื– ื“ื ื˜ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืงืฆืช ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช
12:12
But what's interesting is you can then broaden the search
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
12:14
and actually see interesting things and get a sense of what else is out there.
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ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ืฉื.
12:18
So Gary Bauer is not too far behind --
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ืื– ื’ืืจื™ ื‘ืื•ื•ืจ ื ืžืฆื ืœื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื—ื•ืจ,
12:21
has slightly different theories about evolution and natural selection.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.
12:26
And right behind him is L. Ron Hubbard. So --
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ื•ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ื• ื ืžืฆื ืœ. ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืื‘ืจื“. ืื–...
12:29
(Laughter)
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--ืฆื—ื•ืง--
12:31
you can see we're in the ascot, which is always good.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ืจื™ืขื” ืจื—ื‘ื”, ืฉื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘.
12:33
And by the way, Chris, that would've been a really good panel,
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื›ืจื™ืก - ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืื ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“
12:35
I think, right there.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘.
12:36
(Laughter)
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--ืฆื—ื•ืง--
12:41
Hubbard apparently started to reach, but besides that,
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ื”ืื‘ืจื“ ื™ืชืงืฉื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”,
12:43
I think it would be good next year.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืื ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”.
12:45
Another quick thing -- this is a slightly different thing,
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ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“, ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืžืขื˜ ืฉื•ื ื”,
12:47
but this analysis some of you may have seen.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืจืื™ืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื‘ื.
12:49
It just came out. This is bursty words,
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ื–ื” ื™ืฆื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื›ืฉื™ื•. ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืžืชืคืจืฆื•ืช",
12:51
looking at the historical record of State of the Union Addresses.
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ื›ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื ืื•ืžื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœืงื•ื ื’ืจืก.
12:56
So these are words that suddenly start to appear out of nowhere,
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ืื– ืืœื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœืคืชืข ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื
13:00
so they're kind of, you know, memes that start taking off,
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ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืชืคื•ืก ืชืื•ืฆื”
13:02
that didn't have a lot of historical precedent before.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืชืงื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™.
13:05
So the first one is -- these are the bursty words around 1860s --
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ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช - ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืช 1860 -
13:08
slaves, emancipation, slavery, rebellion, Kansas.
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ืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ, ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืžืจื“ ื•ืงื ื–ืก
13:11
That's Britney Spears. I mean, you know, OK, interesting.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ ืกืคื™ืจืก, ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ื ื—ืžื“, ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
13:13
They're talking about slavery in 1860.
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ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ 1860
13:15
1935 -- relief, depression, recovery banks.
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ื‘- 1935- ืกืขื“, ืฉืคืœ, ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื.
13:18
And OK, I didn't learn anything new there as well -- that's pretty obvious.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ - ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
13:21
1985, right at the center of the Reagan years --
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ื‘- 1985, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืชืงื•ืคืช ืจื™ื™ื’ืŸ,
13:25
that's, we're, there's, we've, it's.
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ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื•, ื™ืฉ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•, ื–ื” (ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ)
13:28
(Laughter)
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--ืฆื—ื•ืง--
13:30
Now, there's one way to interpret this, which is to say that
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ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ื–ื” ืœื•ืžืจ
13:33
"emancipation" and "depression" and "recovery" all have a lot of syllables.
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ืฉื‘ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ, ืฉืคืœ ื•ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืจื•ืช.
13:36
So you know, you can actually download -- it's hard to remember those.
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ืื– ืงืฉื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ.
13:41
But seriously, actually, what you can see there,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ,
13:43
in a way that would be very hard to detect otherwise,
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช,
13:45
is Reagan reinventing the political language of the country
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ืฉืจื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
13:48
and shifting to a much more intimate, much more folksy, much more telegenic --
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ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืช ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช, ืขืžืžื™ืช, ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ืช-
13:52
contracting all those verbs.
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ื›ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืฅ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
13:54
You know, 20 years before it was still, "Ask not what you can do,"
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ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืืœ ืชืฉืืœ ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช",
13:56
but with Reagan, it's, "that's where, there's Nancy and I," that kind of language.
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ืืš ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ืจื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืืžืจื• "ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื ื ืกื™ ื•ืื ื™"
14:01
And so something we kind of knew,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ,
14:04
but you didn't actually notice syntactically what he was doing.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืžื ื• ืœื‘ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจื™ืช.
14:06
I'll go very quickly.
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ืื ื™ ืืžืฉื™ืš ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืจ
14:08
The question now -- and this is the really interesting question --
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื•ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช,
14:10
is, what kind of higher-level shape is emerging right now
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ืื™ื–ื• ืฆื•ืจื”, ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžืชื’ืœื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
14:14
in the overall Web ecosystem -- and particularly in the ecosystem of the blogs
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ื‘ืจืฉืช, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื,
14:18
because they are really kind of at the cutting edge.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื ื™ืช.
14:21
And I think what happens there will also happen in the wider system.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืฉื, ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื•ืœื”.
14:23
Now there was a very interesting article by Clay Shirky
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืงืœื™ื™ ืฉื™ืจืงื™ ื›ืชื‘ ืžืืžืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
14:26
that got a lot of attention about a month ago,
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ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘,
14:28
and this is basically the distribution of links
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ื•ืขืกืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืคืฆืช ืœื™ื ืงื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช
14:30
on the web to all these various different blogs.
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ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
14:35
It follows a power law, so that there are a few extremely well-linked to, popular blogs,
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ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืชื•ืื ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื–ืงื”, ื›ืš ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื
14:40
and a long tail of blogs with very few links.
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ื•ื–ื ื‘ ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื
14:44
So 20 percent of the blogs get 80 percent of the links.
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ื›ืš ืฉ- 20 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื 80 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื
14:47
Now this is a very interesting thing.
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ื–ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืžืื•ื“
14:49
It's caused a lot of controversy
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ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
14:51
because people thought that this was the ultimate kind of one man,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ื,
14:53
one modem democracy, where anybody can get out there and get their voice heard.
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ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืžื™ื, ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืืช ืงื•ืœื•
14:57
And so the question is, "Why is this happening?"
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ืื– ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื”- ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”?
14:59
It's not being imposed by fiat from above.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืžืœืžืขืœื”
15:03
It's an emergent property of the blogosphere right now.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
15:06
Now, what's great about it is that people are working on --
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ืžื” ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืงืจื” ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉืงืœื™ื™ ืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื•,
15:09
within seconds of Clay publishing this piece, people started working on changing
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ื–ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช
15:14
the underlying rules of the system so that a different shape would start appearing.
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ื›ืš ืฉืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข
15:17
And basically, the shape appears
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื”
15:19
largely because of a kind of a first-mover advantage.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืžืฆื‘ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™
15:21
if you're the first site there, everybody links to you.
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ืื ืืชื” ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœื ื™ืงืฉืจื• ืืœื™ืš
15:23
If you're the second site there, most people link to you.
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ืื ืืชื” ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืงืฉืจื• ืืœื™ืš
15:25
And so very quickly you can accumulate a bunch of links,
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ื›ืš ืฉืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืจ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
15:28
and it makes it more likely for newcomers to link to you in the future,
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ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ืงืฉืจื• ืืœื™ืš ื‘ืขืชื™ื“
15:30
and then you get this kind of shape.
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ื•ื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื”.
15:32
And so what Dave Sifry at Technorati started working on,
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ืžื” ืฉื“ื™ื™ื‘ ืกื™ืคืจื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืจื˜ื™
15:35
literally as Shirky started -- after he published his piece --
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ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžื” ืฉืฉื™ืจืงื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ- ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืคื™ืจืกื ืืช ืžืืžืจื•,
15:38
was something that basically just gave a new kind of priority to newcomers.
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื›ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
15:42
And he started looking at interesting newcomers that don't have a lot of links,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื
15:45
that suddenly get a bunch of links in the last 24 hours.
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ืฉืคืชืื•ื, ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช, ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆืคื™ื•ืช
15:49
So in a sense, bursty weblogs coming from new voices.
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื "ืžืชืคืจืฆื™ื" ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืงื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
15:52
So he's working on a tool right there that can actually change the overall system.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช
15:57
And it creates a kind of planned emergence.
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ื”ื›ืœื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ "ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช" ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช.
15:59
You're not totally in control,
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ืืชื ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”,
16:01
but you're changing the underlying rules in interesting ways
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช
16:03
because you have an end result which is
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืกื•ืคื™ืช
16:05
maybe a more democratic spread of voices.
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืžืฉืงืคืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™.
16:07
So the most amazing thing about this -- and I'll end on this note --
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืื ื™ ืืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืžื” ื–ื•,
16:09
is, most emergent systems, most self-organizing systems
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช
16:12
are not made up of component parts that are capable of looking at the overall pattern
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ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ื›ืœืœื™
16:17
and changing their behavior based on whether they like the pattern or not.
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ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ืื ื”ื ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืื• ืœื.
16:21
So the most wonderful thing, I think, about this whole debate
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืคืœื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœื“ืขืชื™,
16:23
about power laws and software that could change it
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื,
16:25
is the fact that we're having the conversation.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”
16:28
I hope it continues here.
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื›ืืŸ.
16:30
Thanks a lot.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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