Steven Johnson: The Web and the city

19,476 views ใƒป 2008-10-10

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: HyeJin Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:18
I want to take you back basically to my hometown,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ €์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
and to a picture of my hometown of the week
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ํ–ฅ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
that "Emergence" came out.
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"์ฐฝ๋ฐœ(Emergence)"๊ฐ€ ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ฃผ์— ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
And it's a picture we've seen several times.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
Basically, "Emergence" was published on 9/11.
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์š”์ปจ๋Œ€, "Emergence"๋Š” 9/11 ๋•Œ ๋ฐœํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
I live right there in the West Village,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ West Village์— ์‚ด์•„์„œ
00:41
so the plume was luckily blowing west, away from us.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•ด ์„œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
We had a two-and-a-half-day-old baby in the house that was ours --
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์ง‘์—๋Š” ์ €ํฌ ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
we hadn't taken it from somebody else.
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๋‚จ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐ๋ ค์˜จ ์•„์ด๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
00:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:57
And one of the thoughts that I had dealing with these two separate emergences
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฑ…๊ณผ ์•„์ด ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•จ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:04
of a book and a baby, and having this event happen so close --
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์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:08
that my first thought, when I was still kind of in the apartment looking out at it all
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ฐ–์„ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:12
or walking out on the street and looking out on it just in front of our building,
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๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑท๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
01:15
was that I'd made a terrible miscalculation in the book that I'd just written.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰ ๋๋ƒˆ๋˜ ์ฑ…์—์„œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ž˜๋ชป ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ตฌ๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
Because so much of that book was a celebration of the power
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ ์ฑ…์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
01:24
and creative potential of density, of largely urban density,
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๋ฐ€๋„, ํŠนํžˆ ๋†’์€ ๋„์‹œ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฐฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:28
of connecting people and putting them together in one place,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ 
01:31
and putting them on sidewalks together and having them share ideas
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๋ณด๋„๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์•„ ์„œ๋กœ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€
01:34
and share physical space together.
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
And it seemed to me looking at that -- that tower burning and then falling,
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ํƒ€์›Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์— ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
01:39
those towers burning and falling -- that in fact, one of the lessons
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๋นŒ๋”ฉ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
01:41
here was that density kills.
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๋ฐ€์ง‘์€ ์‚ด์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
And that of all the technologies that were exploited
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ
01:46
to make that carnage come into being,
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๋Œ€ํ•™์‚ด์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค,
01:51
probably the single group of technologies that cost the most lives
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ํฌ์ƒ ์‹œํ‚จ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ
01:57
were those that enable 50,000 people to live in two buildings
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50000๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ 110์ธต์งœ๋ฆฌ ๋‘ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ
02:01
110 stories above the ground.
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์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์˜€์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
If they hadn't been crowded --
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งŒ ๋ถ๋น„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:05
you compare the loss of life at the Pentagon to the Twin Towers,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€์™€ ํŠธ์œˆ ํƒ€์›Œ์—์„œ ํฌ์ƒ๋œ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:08
and you can see that very powerfully.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
And so I started to think, well, you know, density, density --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ€์ง‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
I'm not sure if, you know, this was the right call.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
And I kind of ruminated on that for a couple of days.
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์ •๋ง ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋™์•ˆ ๊นŠ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
And then about two days later, the wind started to change a little bit,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ดํ‹€ ์ฏค ๋’ค, ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:24
and you could sense that the air was not healthy.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋น ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
And so even though there were no cars still in the West Village
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๋˜ West Village์—” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:31
where we lived, my wife sent me out to buy a, you know,
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์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ
02:34
a large air filter at the Bed Bath and Beyond,
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Bed bath and Beyond์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ํฐ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์—ฌ๊ณผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:38
which was located about 20 blocks away, north.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธด ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ 20๋ธ”๋ก ์ •๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:41
And so I went out.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
And obviously I'm physically a very strong person, as you can tell -- (Laughter) --
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค ์‹œํ”ผ ์ „ ์‹ ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
so I wasn't worried about carrying this thing 20 blocks.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ง‘๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
02:50
And I walked out, and this really miraculous thing happened to me
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด
02:54
as I was walking north to buy this air filter,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์—ฌ๊ณผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
which was that the streets were completely alive with people.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ๋น„๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
There was an incredible -- it was, you know, a beautiful day,
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๋†€๋ผ์› ์ฃ  -- ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋‚ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
as it was for about a week after,
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ํ•œ ์ฃผ ์ •๋„ ์ง€๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ์ฃ .
03:07
and the West Village had never seemed more lively.
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West Village๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
I walked up along Hudson Street --
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์ €๋Š” Hudson ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:12
where Jane Jacobs had lived and written her great book
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” Jane Jacobs๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ๊ณณ์ด์ž
03:14
that so influenced what I was writing in "Emergence" --
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ "Emergence"๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ฑ…์„ ์“ด ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
past the White Horse Tavern,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  White Horse Tavern๋„ ์ง€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:18
that great old bar where Dylan Thomas drank himself to death,
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Dylan Thomas๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์Œํ•ด์„œ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์žƒ์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฐ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
and the Bleecker Street playground was filled with kids.
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Bleecker Street ๋†€์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
And all the people who lived in the neighborhood,
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๋™๋„ค์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
03:26
who owned restaurants and bars in the neighborhood,
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘๊ณผ ์ˆ ์ง‘์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์›ƒ ๋ชจ๋‘
03:28
were all out there -- had them all open.
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๋‚˜์™€์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
People were out.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:32
There were no cars, so it seemed even better, in some ways.
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์ฐจ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„  ๋” ๋‚˜์•˜์ฃ .
03:34
And it was a beautiful urban day,
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
and the incredible thing about it was that the city was working.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ ์€ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
The city was there.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:43
All the things that make a great city successful
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:45
and all the things that make a great city stimulating --
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๊ณ  --
03:47
they were all on display there on those streets.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
And I thought, well, this is the power of a city.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํž˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ .
03:53
I mean, the power of the city --
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ํž˜ --
03:55
we talked about cities as being centralized in space,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:57
but what makes them so strong most of the time
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:59
is they're decentralized in function.
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๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
They don't have a center executive branch that you can take out
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋„์ง‘์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ
04:03
and cause the whole thing to fail.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
If they did, it probably was right there at Ground Zero.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„๋งˆ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:08
I mean, you know, the emergency bunker was right there,
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์ œ ๋ง์€ ๋น„์ƒ ๋ฒ™์ปค๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:10
was destroyed by the attacks,
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋๊ณ 
04:12
and obviously the damage done to the building and the lives.
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๋ถ„๋ช… ๋นŒ๋”ฉ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ช…์— ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
But nonetheless, just 20 blocks north, two days later,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ 20๋ธ”๋ก ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:18
the city had never looked more alive.
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๋”์ด์ƒ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
If you'd gone into the minds of the people,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ดค๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:23
well, you would have seen a lot of trauma,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ •์‹ ์  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ
04:25
and you would have seen a lot of heartache,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋น„ํƒ„,
04:27
and you would have seen a lot of things that would take a long time to recover.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์— ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๋ดค์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
But the system itself of this city was thriving.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฒˆํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
So I took heart in seeing that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋ ค ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋‹ค์žก์•„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
So I wanted to talk a little bit about the reasons why that works so well,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์™€
04:42
and how some of those reasons kind of map
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
04:44
on to where the Web is going right now.
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์›น์ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
The question that I found myself asking to people
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
04:49
when I was talking about the book afterwards is --
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์ดํ›„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ… ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ,
04:51
when you've talked about emergent behavior,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ,
04:53
when you've talked about collective intelligence,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ง€์„ฑ
04:55
the best way to get people to kind of wrap their heads around that
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์ฆ‰, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งž๋Œ€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ•  ๋•Œ
04:57
is to ask, who builds a neighborhood?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด์›ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
Who decides that Soho should have this personality
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Soho๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:03
and that the Latin Quarter should have this personality?
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Latin Quater๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:05
Well, there are some kind of executive decisions,
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ํ–‰์ ์  ๊ฒฐ์ •๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
05:07
but mostly the answer is -- everybody and nobody.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ -- ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
Everybody contributes a little bit.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ์€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
No single person is really the ultimate actor
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์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„
05:15
behind the personality of a neighborhood.
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์ด์›ƒ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์— ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
Same thing to the question of, who was keeping the streets alive
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๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
05:20
post-9/11 in my neighborhood?
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9/11 ์ดํ›„ ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:22
Well, it was the whole city.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
The whole system kind of working on it,
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์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:26
and everybody contributing a small little part.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
And this is increasingly what we're starting to see on the Web
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›น ์ƒ์—์„œ
05:31
in a bunch of interesting ways --
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
most of which weren't around, actually,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
05:35
except in very experimental things,
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์™ธ ํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”
05:37
when I was writing "Emergence" and when the book came out.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ "Emergence"๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์ฑ…์ด ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋งŒํ•ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ์œ„์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
So it's been a very optimistic time, I think,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
05:41
and I want to just talk about a few of those things.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ์ข€ ํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
I think that there is effectively a new kind of model of interactivity
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด
05:47
that's starting to emerge online right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ƒ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
And the old one looked like this.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
05:54
This is not the future King of England, although it looks like it.
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์žฅ์ฐจ ์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ ๊ตญ์™•์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
It's some guy, it's a GeoCities homepage of some guy that I found online
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ GeoCities ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
06:01
who's interested, if you look at the bottom, in soccer and Jesus
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์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ถ•๊ตฌ์™€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜
06:04
and Garth Brooks and Clint Beckham and "my hometown" -- those are his links.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Garth Brooks์™€ Clint Backham์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ์–ด ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:07
But nothing really says
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ •๋ง๋กœ
06:09
this model of interactivity -- which was so exciting and captures the real,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์žก์•„๋‚ด๋Š”
06:13
the Web Zeitgeist of 1995 -- than
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1995๋…„ web Zeitgeist๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
06:16
"Click here for a picture of my dog."
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"๋‚ด ๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”." ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:18
That is -- you know, there's no sentence
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
06:20
that kind of conjures up that period better than that, I think,
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๋” ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
which is that you suddenly have the power to put up a picture of your dog
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๋ณ„์•ˆ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์• ์™„๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
06:27
and link to it, and somebody reading the page
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๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฝ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
06:30
has the power to click on that link or not click on that link.
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๊ทธ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•  ์ง€ ๋ง์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ์ค„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
And, you know, I don't want to belittle that. That, in a sense --
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ ์—์„œ๋Š”
06:36
to reference what Jeff was talking about yesterday --
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Jeff๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
06:39
that was, in a sense, the kind of interface electricity that
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜
06:41
powered a lot of the explosion of interest in the Web:
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์›น์—์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ธ‰์ฆ์‹œ์ผœ ์ค„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
06:44
that you could put up a link, and somebody could click on it,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๊ณ 
06:46
and it could take you anywhere you wanted to go.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ณณ ์–ด๋””๋กœ๋“  ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:48
But it's still a very one-to-one kind of relationship.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ผ๋Œ€์ผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
There's one person putting up the link, and there's another person
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๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ ํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š”
06:52
on the other end trying to decide whether to click on it or not.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํด๋ฆญํ• ์ง€ ๋ง์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋‘๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
The new model is much more like this,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:59
and we've already seen a couple of references to this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•„ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
This is what happens when you search "Steven Johnson" on Google.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์—์„œ "Steven Johnson"์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
About two months ago, I had the great breakthrough --
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๋‘๋‹ฌ ์ „ ์ฏค, ํฐ ์•ฝ์ง„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:09
one of my great, kind of shining achievements --
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์ •๋ง ์ €์˜ ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ์—…์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์ฃ .
07:12
which is that my website finally became a top result for "Steven Johnson."
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"Steven Johnson."์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋””์–ด ์ตœ์ƒ์œ„์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
There's some theoretical physicist at MIT named Steven Johnson
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์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ MIT์˜ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:21
who has dropped two spots, I'm happy to say.
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๋‘ ๊ณ„๋‹จ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์˜๋„ค์š”.
07:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:25
And, you know, I mean, I'll look at a couple of things like this,
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๋” ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ  .
07:29
but Google is obviously the greatest technology ever invented for navel gazing.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ช…์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
It's just that there are so many other people in your navel when you gaze.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‘์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹  ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
Because effectively, what's happening here,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๊ณผ
07:41
what's creating this page, obviously -- and we all know this,
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์ด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ -- ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
07:43
but it's worth just thinking about it --
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข‹์ฃ  --
07:45
is not some person deciding that I am the number one answer for Steven Johnson,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ Steven Johnson์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹จ
07:49
but rather somehow the entire web of people
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์ „์ฒด ์›น ์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด
07:53
putting up pages and deciding to link to my page or not link to it,
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ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋“ค์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
and Google just sitting there and running the numbers.
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:59
So there's this collective decision-making that's going on.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์† ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ๋ชจ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
This page is effectively, collectively authored by the Web,
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์ด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง‘ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›น์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:06
and Google is just helping us
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
08:08
kind of to put the authorship in one kind of coherent place.
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ํ•œ ์‘์ง‘์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์— ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
Now, they're more innovative -- well, Google's pretty innovative --
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์ข€ ๋” ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. -- ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์ด ์•„์ฃผ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ --
08:14
but there are some new twists on this.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
There's this incredibly interesting new site -- Technorati --
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ƒˆ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ Technorati์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
that's filled with lots of little widgets that are expanding on these.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
And these are looking in the blog world and the world of weblogs.
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์€ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์™€ ์›น๋กœ๊ทธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
He's analyzed basically all the weblogs out there that he's tracking.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํŠธ๋ž™ํ‚น ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์›น๋กœ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:31
And he's tracking how many other weblogs linked to those weblogs,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›น๋กœ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ทธ ์›น๋กœ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
and so you have kind of an authority --
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:36
a weblog that has a lot of links to it
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๋งŽ์€ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์›น๋กœ๊ทธ๊ฐ€
08:38
is more authoritative than a weblog that has few links to it.
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๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์›น๋กœ๊ทธ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ถŒ์œ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
And so at any given time, on any given page on the Web, actually,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ค ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋“ ์ง€
08:45
you can say, what does the weblog community think about this page?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์›น๋กœ๊ทธ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
And you can get a list.
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๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:50
This is what they think about my site; it's ranked by blog authority.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ ๊ถŒ์œ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋งค๊ฒจ์ง„ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:53
You can also rank it by the latest posts.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
So when I was talking in "Emergence,"
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์ œ๊ฐ€ "Emergence,"๋ฅผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
08:58
I talked about the limitations of the one-way linking architecture
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์ „ ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋งํ‚น ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
that, basically, you could link to somebody else
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํฌ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
09:02
but they wouldn't necessarily know that you were pointing to them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ž€ ์–˜๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
And that was one of the reasons why the web
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์›น์ด ์™œ
09:07
wasn't quite as emergent as it could be
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์ƒ๊ฐ๋งŒํผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋Œ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
because you needed two-way linking, you needed that kind of feedback mechanism
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์Œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋งํฌ์™€
09:11
to be able to really do interesting things.
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์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
Well, something like Technorati is supplying that.
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Technorati๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
Now what's interesting here is that this is a quote from Dave Weinberger,
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, Dave Weinberger ๋ง์„ ์ธ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
where he talks about everything being purposive in the Web --
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์›น์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฐ --
09:23
there's nothing artificial.
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์ธ์œ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
He has this line where he says, you know, you're going to put up a link there,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๋ ค๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ธ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:27
if you see a link, somebody decided to put it there.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
And he says, the link to one site didn't just grow on the other page "like a tree fungus."
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋งํฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ง„๊ท ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋กœ ์ž๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
And in fact, I think that's not entirely true anymore.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ „ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋”์ด์ƒ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋งž๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
I could put up a feed of all those links generated by Technorati
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์ €๋Š” Technorati์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๋งํฌ๋“ค์„
09:42
on the right-hand side of my page,
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์ œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅธํŽธ์— ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:44
and they would change as the overall ecology of the Web changes.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์›น์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
That little list there would change.
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์ ์€ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
I wouldn't really be directly in control of it.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
So it's much closer, in a way, to a data fungus, in a sense,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ ์—์„œ๋Š”
09:54
wrapped around that page, than it is to a deliberate link that I've placed there.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†“์€ ๋งํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ท ๋“ค์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
Now, what you're having here is basically a global brain
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์ด์ œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
10:03
that you're able to do lots of kind of experiments on to see what it's thinking.
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
And there are all these interesting tools.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ํˆด๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
Google does the Google Zeitgeist,
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์€ Google Zeitgeist๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
10:10
which looks at search requests to test what's going on, what people are interested in,
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๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์š”์ฒญ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ์–ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
and they publish it with lots of fun graphs.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์ฃ .
10:17
And I'm saying a lot of nice things about Google,
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
10:19
so I'll be I'll be saying one little critical thing.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ธ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
There's a problem with the Google Zeitgeist,
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Google Zeitgeist์—๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
which is it often comes back with news that a lot of people are searching
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š”
10:26
for Britney Spears pictures, which is not necessarily news.
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Britney Spears ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‰ด์Šค๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‰ด์Šค๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
10:30
The Columbia blows up, suddenly there are a lot of searches on Columbia.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ Columbia์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:34
Well, you know, we should expect to see that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ ์„ ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
That's not necessarily something we didn't know already.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋˜ ์ ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
So the key thing in terms of these new tools
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํˆด๋“ค, ์ฆ‰,
10:40
that are kind of plumbing the depths of the global brain,
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ธ์˜ ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ณ 
10:43
that are sending kind of trace dyes through that whole bloodstream --
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์ „์ฒด ํ๋ฆ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ผ๋ฃŒ ์ถ”์ ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ํˆด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
10:47
the question is, are you finding out something new?
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์ฃผ์š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€, "์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
And one of the things that I experimented with is this thing called Google Share
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” Google Share๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
10:52
which is basically, you take an abstract term,
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์ถ”์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
10:56
and you search Google for that term,
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
and then you search the results that you get back for somebody's name.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:02
So basically, the number of pages that mention this term,
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ˆ˜,
11:06
that also mention this page, the percentage of those pages
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€
11:09
is that person's Google Share of that term.
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๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ Google Share์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
So you can do kind of interesting contests.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฝ˜ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋„ ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
Like for instance, this is a Google Share of the TED Conference.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ TED Conference์˜ Google Share์ธ๋ฐ์š”
11:17
So Richard Saul Wurman
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Richard Saul Wurman์€
11:20
has about a 15 percent Google Share of the TED conference.
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15 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
11:24
Our good friend Chris has about a six percent -- but with a bullet, I might add.
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Christ๋Š” ์•ฝ 6 ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋„ค์š”. -- ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ƒ์Šน์„ธ์ฃ .
11:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:31
But the interesting thing is, you can broaden the search a little bit.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋„“ํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
And it turns out, actually, that 42 percent is the Mola mola fish.
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์ž, ๊ฐœ๋ณต์น˜(Mola mola fish)๊ฐ€ 42 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋„ค์š”.
11:37
I had no idea.
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์ €๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
No, that's not true.
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์•„๋‡จ, ๋†๋‹ด์ด์—์š”.
11:40
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:43
I made that up because I just wanted to put up a slide
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ
11:45
of the Mola mola fish.
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๊ฐœ๋ณต์น˜ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋†’์˜€์–ด์š”.
11:47
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:49
I also did -- and I don't want to start a little fight in the next panel --
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋…ผ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
11:52
but I did a Google Share analysis of evolution and natural selection.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ™”์™€ ์ž์—ฐ ์„ ํƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Google Share ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•ด ๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ
11:55
So right here -- now this is a big category, you have smaller percentages,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋„ค์š” -- ์ด๊ฑด ํฐ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๊ณ ์š”, ๋” ์ ์€ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
so this is 0.7 percent -- Dan Dennett, who'll be speaking shortly.
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0.7 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋กœ ๊ณง ์—ฐ์„คํ•  Dan Dennett์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
Right below him, 0.5 percent, Steven Pinker.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ Steven Pinker๋กœ 0.5 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋„ค์š”.
12:10
So Dennett's in the lead a little bit there.
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Dennett๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์•ž์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
12:12
But what's interesting is you can then broaden the search
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
12:14
and actually see interesting things and get a sense of what else is out there.
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
So Gary Bauer is not too far behind --
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Gary Bauer๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
12:21
has slightly different theories about evolution and natural selection.
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์ง„ํ™”์™€ ์ž์—ฐ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
12:26
And right behind him is L. Ron Hubbard. So --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋’ค์— L. Ron Hubbard๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
12:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:31
you can see we're in the ascot, which is always good.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งˆ์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
12:33
And by the way, Chris, that would've been a really good panel,
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Chris๊ฐ€ ์ €๊ธฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:35
I think, right there.
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์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•˜์„ ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
12:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:41
Hubbard apparently started to reach, but besides that,
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Hubbard๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋นผ๊ณ ๋Š”
12:43
I think it would be good next year.
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๋‚ด๋…„์ด ๋” ์ข‹์„ ๋“ฏ ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
12:45
Another quick thing -- this is a slightly different thing,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” - ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
12:47
but this analysis some of you may have seen.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์€ ๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„์„์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
It just came out. This is bursty words,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง‰ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ๋ฒ„์Šคํ‹ฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค๋กœ
12:51
looking at the historical record of State of the Union Addresses.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ต์„œ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
So these are words that suddenly start to appear out of nowhere,
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋‚œ๋ฐ์—†์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
13:00
so they're kind of, you know, memes that start taking off,
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์ œ์ณ๋†“๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์จ
13:02
that didn't have a lot of historical precedent before.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์ „๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
So the first one is -- these are the bursty words around 1860s --
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๋จผ์ €, 1860๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ฒ„์Šคํ‹ฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
slaves, emancipation, slavery, rebellion, Kansas.
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๋…ธ์˜ˆ, ํ•ด๋ฐฉ, ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์ œ๋„, ํญ๋™, ์บ”์ž์Šค.
13:11
That's Britney Spears. I mean, you know, OK, interesting.
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Briteny Spears๊ตฐ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”.
13:13
They're talking about slavery in 1860.
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1860๋…„๋Œ€๋Š” ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
1935 -- relief, depression, recovery banks.
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1935 -- ๊ตฌ์ œ, ๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํšŒ๋ณต ์€ํ–‰.
13:18
And OK, I didn't learn anything new there as well -- that's pretty obvious.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒŒ ์—†๊ตฐ์š”.
13:21
1985, right at the center of the Reagan years --
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1985๋…„, ๋ ˆ์ด๊ฑด ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—๋Š” --
13:25
that's, we're, there's, we've, it's.
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that's, we're, there's, we've, its๋„ค์š”.
13:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:30
Now, there's one way to interpret this, which is to say that
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์ด๊ฑธ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
13:33
"emancipation" and "depression" and "recovery" all have a lot of syllables.
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"ํ•ด๋ฐฉ", "๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ", "๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํšŒ๋ณต"์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์Œ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
So you know, you can actually download -- it's hard to remember those.
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๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. - ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜๋“œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
13:41
But seriously, actually, what you can see there,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
13:43
in a way that would be very hard to detect otherwise,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
13:45
is Reagan reinventing the political language of the country
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๋ ˆ์ด๊ฑด์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ฐœํ˜ํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:48
and shifting to a much more intimate, much more folksy, much more telegenic --
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๋” ์ •ํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ , ๋” ์„œ๋ฏผ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋ฐฉ์†ก์— ๋” ์•Œ๋งž์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
contracting all those verbs.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
You know, 20 years before it was still, "Ask not what you can do,"
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20๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” "Ask not what you can do,"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:56
but with Reagan, it's, "that's where, there's Nancy and I," that kind of language.
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๋ ˆ์ด๊ฑด์€ "tha'ts where, there's Nancy and I,"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:01
And so something we kind of knew,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
14:04
but you didn't actually notice syntactically what he was doing.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•Œ์ง„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
I'll go very quickly.
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
14:08
The question now -- and this is the really interesting question --
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์ด์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ -- ์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฏธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
14:10
is, what kind of higher-level shape is emerging right now
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์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋” ๊ณ ์ฐจ์›์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
in the overall Web ecosystem -- and particularly in the ecosystem of the blogs
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์›น ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ํŠนํžˆ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ์š”.
14:18
because they are really kind of at the cutting edge.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ง ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
And I think what happens there will also happen in the wider system.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋„“์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
Now there was a very interesting article by Clay Shirky
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Clay Shirky์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
14:26
that got a lot of attention about a month ago,
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ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ์ „์ฏค ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:28
and this is basically the distribution of links
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
14:30
on the web to all these various different blogs.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋งํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
It follows a power law, so that there are a few extremely well-linked to, popular blogs,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฉฑํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ธ๊ธฐ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:40
and a long tail of blogs with very few links.
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๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ธด ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
So 20 percent of the blogs get 80 percent of the links.
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์ฆ‰, 20 ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด 80 ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
Now this is a very interesting thing.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ฃ .
14:49
It's caused a lot of controversy
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
14:51
because people thought that this was the ultimate kind of one man,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ,
14:53
one modem democracy, where anybody can get out there and get their voice heard.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋Ž€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
14:57
And so the question is, "Why is this happening?"
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"์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?"
14:59
It's not being imposed by fiat from above.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋Š˜์˜ ๋ช…๋ น์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
It's an emergent property of the blogosphere right now.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ณ ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
Now, what's great about it is that people are working on --
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
15:09
within seconds of Clay publishing this piece, people started working on changing
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Clay๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋†“์ž ๋งˆ์ž, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
15:14
the underlying rules of the system so that a different shape would start appearing.
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
And basically, the shape appears
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”
15:19
largely because of a kind of a first-mover advantage.
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์ฒซ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์šฐ์„ธ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
if you're the first site there, everybody links to you.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋งํฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
If you're the second site there, most people link to you.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋งํฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
And so very quickly you can accumulate a bunch of links,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ•์ ํ•˜๊ณ 
15:28
and it makes it more likely for newcomers to link to you in the future,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๋„๋ก ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
15:30
and then you get this kind of shape.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
And so what Dave Sifry at Technorati started working on,
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Technorati์˜ Dave Sifry๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ผ์€
15:35
literally as Shirky started -- after he published his piece --
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Shirky๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
15:38
was something that basically just gave a new kind of priority to newcomers.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
And he started looking at interesting newcomers that don't have a lot of links,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด๋“ค์ด
15:45
that suddenly get a bunch of links in the last 24 hours.
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24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
So in a sense, bursty weblogs coming from new voices.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ ์—์„œ, ๋ฒ„์Šคํ‹ฐ ์›น๋กœ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
15:52
So he's working on a tool right there that can actually change the overall system.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ํˆด์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
And it creates a kind of planned emergence.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ์ถœํ˜„์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
You're not totally in control,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ†ต์ œ ํ•˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
but you're changing the underlying rules in interesting ways
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์  ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
16:03
because you have an end result which is
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
16:05
maybe a more democratic spread of voices.
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๋”์šฑ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฅ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
16:07
So the most amazing thing about this -- and I'll end on this note --
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
16:09
is, most emergent systems, most self-organizing systems
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ ์ƒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์งํ™”๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋“ค์ด
16:12
are not made up of component parts that are capable of looking at the overall pattern
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์ „๋ฐ˜์  ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
16:17
and changing their behavior based on whether they like the pattern or not.
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
So the most wonderful thing, I think, about this whole debate
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €๋Š”
16:23
about power laws and software that could change it
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๋ฉฑํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ•์น™๊ณผ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ๋…ผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
16:25
is the fact that we're having the conversation.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
I hope it continues here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
Thanks a lot.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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