Jorge Ramos: Why journalists have an obligation to challenge power (with English subtitles) | TED

108,195 views ใƒป 2017-07-27

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Camille Martรญnez
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Neta Lavee ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
I'm a journalist,
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ืื ื™ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™.
00:14
and I'm an immigrant.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื”ื’ืจ.
00:16
And these two conditions define me.
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ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื™.
00:20
I was born in Mexico,
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ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
00:21
but I've spent more than half my life reporting in the United States,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื—ื™ื™
ื›ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
00:25
a country which was itself created by immigrants.
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ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื.
00:28
As a reporter
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื›ืชื‘,
00:31
and as a foreigner,
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื–ืจ,
00:32
I've learned that neutrality,
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช,
00:36
silence
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ื”ืฉืชื™ืงื”
00:37
and fear aren't the best options --
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ื•ื”ืคื—ื“ ืื™ื ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:40
not in journalism, nor in life.
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ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
00:42
Neutrality
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ื”ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช
00:45
is often an excuse that we journalists use
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ื”ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
00:48
to hide from our true responsibility.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
00:51
What is that responsibility?
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ื•ืžื”ื™ ืื•ืชื” ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช?
00:54
It is to question
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ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช
00:56
and to challenge
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ื•ืœืงืจื•ื ืชื™ื’ืจ
00:57
those in positions of power.
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ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืจืจื”.
00:58
That's what journalism is for.
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ื–ื• ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช.
01:00
That's the beauty of journalism:
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคืœื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช:
01:02
to question and challenge the powerful.
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ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืจืจื”.
01:05
Of course, we have the obligation to report reality as it is,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื,
01:08
not how we would like it to be.
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ืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื”.
01:10
In that sense, I agree with the principle of objectivity:
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืขื ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช;
01:14
if a house is blue, I say that it's blue.
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ืื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
01:16
If there are a million unemployed people, I say there are a million.
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื, ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ.
01:19
But neutrality
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช
01:21
won't necessarily lead me to the truth.
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ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืชื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืืœ ื”ืืžืช.
01:25
Even if I'm unequivocally scrupulous,
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ื’ื ืื ืื”ื™ื” ืงืคื“ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:28
and I present both sides of a news item --
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ื•ืืฆื™ื’ ืœื›ื ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื™ื“ื™ืขื”,
01:32
the Democratic and the Republican,
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ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื ื™,
01:35
the liberal and the conservative,
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ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ ื•ื”ืฉืžืจื ื™,
01:36
the government's and the opposition's --
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”,
01:38
in the end, I have no guarantee,
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื–ื” ืœื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื™,
01:41
nor are any of us guaranteed that we'll know what's true
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ื•ืœื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื ื• ืฉื ื“ืข ืžื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
01:44
and what's not true.
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01:45
Life is much more complicated,
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื,
01:47
and I believe journalism should reflect that very complexity.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
01:53
To be clear: I refuse
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืžืฉื”ื•: ืื ื™ ืžืกืจื‘
01:57
to be a tape recorder.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืงืœื˜ื”.
01:58
I didn't become a journalist to be a tape recorder.
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ืœื ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืงืœื˜ื”.
02:00
I know what you're going to say: no one uses tape recorders nowadays.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืชื’ื™ื“ื•: ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืงืœื˜ื”.
02:04
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:05
In that case, I refuse to take out my cell phone
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ืื–, ืื ื™ ืžืกืจื‘ ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“,
02:09
and hit the record button
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ื•ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื”
02:11
and point it in front of me as if I were at a concert,
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ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื”,
02:14
like a fan at a concert.
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ื›ืžื• ืžืขืจื™ืฅ ืฉืจื•ืฃ ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื”.
02:16
That is not true journalism.
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ื–ื• ืื™ื ื ื” ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
02:18
Contrary to what many people think,
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื” ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
02:21
journalists are making value judgments all the time,
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ืื ื• ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืขืจื›ื™ --
02:25
ethical and moral judgments.
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ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืืชื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืจ.
02:27
And we're always making decisions that are exceedingly personal
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช
ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“
02:33
and extraordinarily subjective.
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ื•ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
02:35
For example:
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”:
02:37
What happens if you're called to cover a dictatorship,
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื”
02:40
like Augusto Pinochet's regime in Chile
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ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ื• ืคื™ื ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืฆ'ื™ืœื”
02:42
or Fidel Castro's in Cuba?
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ืื• ืฉืœ ืคื™ื“ืœ ืงืกื˜ืจื• ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”?
02:45
Are you going to report only what the general and commander want,
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ื”ืื ืชื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ืจืง ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื’ื ืจืœ ื•ื”ืžืคืงื“,
02:49
or will you confront them?
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ืื• ืฉืชืชืขืžืชื• ืื™ืชื?
02:50
What happens if you find out that in your country
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ืชื’ืœื• ืฉื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื
02:54
or in the country next door,
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ืื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉื›ื ื”
02:56
students are disappearing
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ื ืขืœืžื™ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื
02:59
and hidden graves are appearing,
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ื•ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืงื‘ืจื™ ืื—ื™ื ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื,
03:01
or that millions of dollars are disappearing from the budget
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ืื• ืฉืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื ืขืœืžื™ื ืžื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘
03:04
and that ex-presidents are magically now multimillionaires?
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ื•ืœืคืชืข ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจื— ืคืœื
ื ืฉื™ืื™ื-ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ืจื™ื?
03:09
Will you report only the official version?
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ื”ืื ืชื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช?
03:11
Or what happens
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ืื•, ืžื” ืื
03:13
if you're assigned to cover
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ืืชื ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื
03:15
the presidential elections of the primary superpower,
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ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืฆืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:20
and one of the candidates makes comments that are racist,
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืžืฉืžื™ืข ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื•ืช,
03:26
sexist
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ืกืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช,
03:28
and xenophobic?
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ื•ืงืกื ื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช?
03:31
That happened to me.
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ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืœื™.
03:33
And I want to tell you what I did,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™,
03:34
but first, let me explain where I'm coming from,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข
03:37
so you can understand my reaction.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™.
03:42
I grew up in Mexico City, the oldest of five brothers,
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ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ืกื™ื˜ื™. ืื ื™ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื—ื™ื.
03:45
and our family simply couldn't afford to pay for all of our college tuition.
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ื•ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื ืืช ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”,
03:50
So I studied in the morning, and worked in the afternoon.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืงืจื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ื.
03:53
Eventually,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ,
03:55
I got the job I had always wanted:
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ื”ืชืงื‘ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืจืฆื™ืชื™:
03:58
television reporter.
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ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”.
04:00
It was a big opportunity.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
04:02
But as I was working on my third story, I ended up
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื™, ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื™
04:05
criticizing the president,
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ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื
04:07
and questioning the lack of democracy in Mexico.
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ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขื“ืจ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื• --
04:11
In Mexico, from 1929 to 2000, elections were always rigged;
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ืž-1929 ื•ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2000 ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื”.
04:16
the incumbent president would hand-pick his successor.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•
ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœื•.
04:20
That's not true democracy.
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ื•ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
04:23
To me it seemed like a brilliant idea to expose the president,
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ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื•ืงื™ืข ืื•ืชื•,
04:26
but to my boss --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœื™ --
04:27
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:29
My boss didn't think it was such a great idea.
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ื”ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘.
04:31
At that time, the presidential office, Los Pinos, had issued a direct censor
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืžื˜ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืก ืคื™ื ื•ืก
04:35
against the media.
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ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช,
04:37
My boss, who, aside from being in charge of the show I worked for,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœื™, ืฉื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™
04:41
was also in charge of a soccer team.
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ืขืžื“ ื’ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ,
04:44
I always suspected that he was more interested in goals
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ื•ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ืฉื“ืชื™ ืฉื’ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
04:47
than in the news.
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04:49
He censored my report.
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ืฆื™ื ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœื™.
04:50
He asked me to change it, I said no,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืฉืืฉื ื” ืื•ืชื•, ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื,
04:53
so he put another journalist on the story
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืื—ืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘
04:56
to write what I was supposed to say.
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ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ.
04:59
I did not want to be a censored journalist.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืชื—ืช ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื”.
05:03
I don't know where I found the strength,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื”ื›ื•ื—,
05:05
but I wrote my letter of resignation.
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ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืช,
05:07
And so at 24 years of age -- just 24 --
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ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 24 -- ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ 24 --
05:12
I made the most difficult and most transcendental decision of my life.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™.
05:15
Not only did I resign from television,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื•ื•ื™ืชืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”,
05:17
but I had also decided to leave my country.
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ื’ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™.
05:21
I sold my car, a beat-up little red Volkswagen,
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ืžื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื™,
ืคื•ืœืงืกื•ื•ืื’ืŸ ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืงืจื˜ืขืช,
05:25
came up with some money
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ื”ืฉื’ืชื™ ืงืฆืช ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื,
05:26
and said goodbye to my family,
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ื•ื ืคืจื“ืชื™ ืžืžืฉืคื—ืชื™, ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื™,
05:28
to my friends,
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05:29
to my streets,
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ืžืŸ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
05:31
to my favorite haunts -- to my tacos --
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ืžื”ืคื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ -- ืžื”ื˜ืืงื• ืฉืœื™ --
05:33
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:34
and I bought a one-way ticket
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ื•ืงื ื™ืชื™ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“
05:36
to Los Angeles, California.
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ืœืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก, ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.
05:39
And so I became
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ืฉื ื”ืคื›ืชื™
05:41
one of the 250 million immigrants that exist in the world.
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ืœืื—ื“ ืž-250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื
ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
05:45
Ask any immigrant
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ืฉืืœื• ื›ืœ ืžื”ื’ืจ
05:47
about the first day they arrived in their new country,
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ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฆื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”,
05:50
and you'll find that they remember absolutely everything,
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ื•ืชืจืื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜,
ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืกืจื˜ ืขื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืจืงืข.
05:53
like it was a movie with background music.
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05:55
In my case, I arrived in Los Angeles, the sun was setting,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื™, ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก, ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืงืขื”,
05:59
and everything I owned --
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ --
06:00
a guitar, a suitcase and some documents --
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ื’ื™ื˜ืจื”, ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืกืžื›ื™ื --
06:03
I could carry all of it
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ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืกื—ื•ื‘
06:05
with my two hands.
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ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื™ื“ื™ื™.
06:07
That feeling of absolute freedom,
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ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜
06:10
I haven't experienced since.
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ืœื ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืื–.
06:11
And I survived with what little I had.
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ืฉืจื“ืชื™ ืขื ื”ืžืขื˜ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™.
06:15
I obtained a student visa; I was studying.
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ื”ืฉื’ืชื™ ื•ื™ื–ืช ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜,
ืœืžื“ืชื™,
06:19
I ate a lot of lettuce and bread, because that's all I had.
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ืื›ืœืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืกื” ื•ืœื—ื, ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”.
06:22
Finally, in 1984,
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘-1984,
06:26
I landed my first job as a TV reporter in the United States.
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ื”ืชืงื‘ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื›ืชื‘ ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”
ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
06:30
And the first thing I noticed was that in the US,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืขืžื™ืชื™ื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
06:34
my colleagues criticized -- and mercilessly --
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ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“, ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื›ื”ืŸ ืจื•ื ืœื“ ืจื™ื™ื’ืŸ,
06:36
then president Ronald Reagan,
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ื•ืœื ืงืจื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ;
06:38
and absolutely nothing happened; no one censored them.
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ืื™ืฉ ืœื ืฆื™ื ื–ืจ ืื•ืชื.
06:40
And I thought:
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™:
06:42
I love this country.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
06:44
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:47
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:50
And that's how it's been
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื™
06:52
for more than 30 years:
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-30 ืฉื ื” --
06:55
reporting with total freedom,
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ืžื“ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜,
06:57
and being treated as an equal despite being an immigrant --
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ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื™ ื›ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื”ื’ืจ,
ืขื“ ืฉืคืชืื•ื ื ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืœืกืงืจ
07:00
until, without warning,
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07:01
I was assigned to cover the recent US presidential election.
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ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
07:08
On June 16, 2015,
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ื‘-16 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2015,
07:12
a candidate who would eventually become the president of the United States
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ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ืคื•ืš
ืœื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
07:16
said that Mexican immigrants
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ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ื”ืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™ื
07:20
were criminals,
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ื”ื ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื,
07:23
drug traffickers
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ืกื•ื—ืจื™ ืกืžื™ื
07:24
and rapists.
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ื•ืื ืกื™ื.
07:26
And I knew
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื“ืขืชื™
07:28
that he was lying.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงืจ.
07:29
I knew he was wrong for one very simple reason:
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ืื ื™ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืขื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”:
07:32
I'm a Mexican immigrant.
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ืื ื™ ืžื”ื’ืจ ืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™,
07:34
And we're not like that.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื›ืืœื”.
07:35
So I did what any other reporter would have done:
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ื›ืš ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื›ืœ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื”:
07:39
I wrote him a letter by hand
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ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœื• ืžื›ืชื‘, ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“,
07:42
requesting an interview,
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ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžืžื ื• ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ
07:44
and I sent it to his Tower in New York.
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ื•ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ืœืžื’ื“ืœ ืฉืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง.
07:47
The next day
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
07:49
I was at work,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“, ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ
07:50
and I suddenly began to receive hundreds of calls and texts
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ืžืื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™,
07:53
on my cell phone,
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07:55
some more insulting than others.
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ื—ืœืงืŸ ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ืจื•ืช.
07:57
I didn't know what was happening until my friend came into my office
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ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”
ืขื“ ืฉื—ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื™ ืœืžืฉืจื“
08:00
and said, "They published your cell number online."
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ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™: "ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœืš ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜."
08:05
They actually did that.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”.
08:07
Here's the letter they sent
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืคื™ืฆื•,
08:11
where they gave out my number.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืชื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื™.
08:13
Don't bother writing it down, OK? I already changed it.
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ืืœ ืชืจืฉืžื• ืื•ืชื•, ื˜ื•ื‘? ืืœ ืชื˜ืจื—ื•, ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœืคืชื™ ืื•ืชื•.
08:16
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:18
But I learned two things.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
08:19
The first one is that you should never, never, ever
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืขื•ืœื, ืœืขื•ืœื, ืœืขื•ืœื
08:24
give your cell number to Donald Trump.
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ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืชืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœื›ื
ืœื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค.
08:27
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:29
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:33
The second lesson was that I needed to stop being neutral
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ื•ื”ืœืงื— ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™
08:37
at that point.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข.
08:38
From then on, my mission as a journalist changed.
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ืžืื– ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™.
08:41
I would confront the candidate
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื”ืชืขืžืช ืขื ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“,
08:44
and show that he was wrong,
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ื•ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืขื”,
08:45
that what he said about immigrants in the US was not true.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื
ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
08:49
Let me give you some figures.
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ื”ื ื” ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื:
08:50
Ninety-seven percent of all undocumented people in the United States
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97 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืœืœื ืžืกืžื›ื™ื
ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
08:54
are good people.
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ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
08:56
Less than three percent have committed a serious crime,
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืคืฉืข ื—ืžื•ืจ,
08:59
or "felony," as they say in English.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, felony.
09:00
In comparison, six percent of US citizens have committed a serious crime.
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ื•ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”,
ืฉื™ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืคืฉืข ื—ืžื•ืจ.
09:05
The conclusion is that undocumented immigrants behave much better
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ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ื”ื™ื
ืฉื”ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ื”ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:11
than US citizens.
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ืžื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื.
09:12
Based on that data, I made a plan.
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ืขื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”, ื’ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
09:15
Eight weeks after they published my cell number,
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ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™,
09:19
I obtained a press pass for a press conference
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ื”ืฉื’ืชื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื
09:22
for the candidate gaining momentum in the polls.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืฉื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืกืงืจื™ื
09:26
I decided to confront him
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื”ืชืขืžืช ืื™ืชื•
09:28
in person.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™.
09:30
But ...
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ืื‘ืœ...
09:32
things didn't turn out exactly as I had planned; watch:
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื”ืชื ื”ืœื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉืชื›ื ื ืชื™. ืฆืคื•:
09:37
[Donald Trump Press Conference Dubuque, Iowa]
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[ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค - ื“ื‘ื™ื•ืง, ืื™ื•ื•ื”]
09:42
(Video) Jorge Ramos: Mr. Trump, I have a question about immigration.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ื—ื•ืจื—ื” ืจืืžื•ืก: ืžืจ ื˜ืจืืžืค, ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ืจื”.
09:45
Donald Trump: Who's next? Yes, please.
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ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค: ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ? ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
09:47
JR: Your immigration plan is full of empty promises.
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ื—.ืจ.: ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืฉืœืš ืžืœืื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื.
09:50
DT: Excuse me, you weren't called. Sit down. Sit down!
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ื“.ื˜.: ืฉื‘. ืœื ืงืจืื• ื‘ืฉืžืš. ื—.ืจ.: ืื ื™ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ --
09:52
JR: I'm a reporter; as an immigrant and as a US citizen,
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื”ื’ืจ ื•ืื–ืจื— ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื”.
09:55
I have the right to ask a question.
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09:57
DT: No you don't. JR: I have the right to ask --
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ื“.ื˜.: ืœื, ืœื ืงืจืื• ืœืš. ื—.ืจ.: ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ --
09:59
DT: Go back to Univision.
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10:00
JR: This is the question:
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ื“.ื˜.: ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–'ืŸ.
10:01
You cannot deport 11 million people.
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ื—.ืจ.: ื–ื• ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™:
ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจืฉ 11 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
10:04
You cannot build a 1900-mile wall.
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ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ 3000 ืง"ืž.
10:08
You cannot deny citizenship to children in this country.
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ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
10:11
DT: Sit down. JR: And with those ideas --
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ื“.ื˜.: ืฉื‘, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”. ื—.ืจ.: ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” --
10:13
DT: You weren't called.
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ื“.ื˜.: ืœื ืงืจืื• ืœืš.
10:14
JR: I'm a reporter and I have -- Don't touch me, sir.
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ื—.ืจ.: ืื ื™ ืขื™ืชื ื•ืื™ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ -- ืืœ ืชื™ื’ืข ื‘ื™, ืื“ื•ื ื™.
10:17
Guard 1: Please don't disrupt. You're being disruptive.
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ืฉื•ืžืจ 1: ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืืœ ืชืคืจื™ืข. ืืชื” ืžืคืจื™ืข.
10:20
JR: I have the right to ask a question. G1: Yes, in order. In turn, sir.
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ื—.ืจ.: ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื”. ืฉ.1: ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจืš, ืื“ื•ื ื™.
ืฉื•ืžืจ 2: ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™?
10:24
Guard 2: Do you have your media credential?
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10:26
JR: I have the right --
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ื—.ืจ.: ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช --
10:27
G2: Where? Let me see. JR: It's over there.
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ืฉ.2: ืื™ืคื”? ืชืจืื” ืœื™ ืื•ืชื”. ื—.ืจ.: ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื.
10:29
Man: Whoever's coming out, stay out.
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ื’ื‘ืจ: ืฆื, ืชื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
ืฉ.2: ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืจืš.
10:31
G2: You've just got to wait your turn.
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10:32
Man: You're very rude. It's not about you.
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ืืชื” ื—ืฆื•ืฃ ืžืื•ื“. ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ื’ืข ืืœื™ืš.
ื—.ืจ.: ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ื’ืข ืœ-- ื’ื‘ืจ: ืฆื ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™!
10:35
JR: It's not about you -- Man: Get out of my country!
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10:37
Man: It's not about you.
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ื’ื‘ืจ: ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ื’ืข ืืœื™ืš.
10:38
JR: I'm a US citizen, too.
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ื—.ืจ.: ื’ื ืื ื™ ืื–ืจื— ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™.
10:40
Man: Well ...whatever. No, Univision. It's not about you.
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ื’ื‘ืจ: ื˜ื•ื‘, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”. ืœื, ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–'ืŸ. ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ื’ืข ืืœื™ืš.
10:42
JR: It's not about you. It's about the United States.
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ื—.ืจ.: ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ื’ืข ืืœื™ืš. ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
10:48
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:59
(Applause ends)
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11:02
Whenever I see that video,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฉื‘
11:04
the first thing I always think is that hate
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ืฉื ืื”
11:07
is contagious.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงืช.
11:09
If you notice, after the candidate says, "Go back to Univision" -- that's code;
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ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™, ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–'ืŸ -- (ืขืจื•ืฅ ื‘ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช)
ืืœื” ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื•ื“;
11:13
what he's telling me is, "Get out of here."
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™, ื–ื” "ืฆื ืžื›ืืŸ" --
11:15
One member of his entourage, as if he had been given permission, said,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ืฉืœื•,
ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ืจืฉื•ืช, ืืžืจ ืœื™,
11:19
"Get out of my country,"
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"ืฆื ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™,"
11:22
not knowing that I'm also a US citizen.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื’ื ืื ื™ ืื–ืจื— ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
11:26
After watching this video many times,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื,
11:29
I also think that in order to break free from neutrality --
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช --
11:32
and for it to be a true break --
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ --
11:34
one has to lose their fear,
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“,
11:36
and then learn how to say, "No;
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ื•ืื– ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ, "ืœื. ืื ื™ ืœื ืืฉืชื•ืง.
11:38
I'm not going to be quiet.
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11:40
I'm not going to sit down.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืืฉื‘.
11:42
And I'm not going to leave."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืืœืš."
11:44
The word "no" --
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ื”"ืœื" --
11:46
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:50
"no" is the most powerful word that exists in any language,
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"ืœื" ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช
ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืคื”,
11:54
and it always precedes any important change in our lives.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืงื“ื™ืžื” ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
11:58
And I think there's enormous dignity
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืขืฆื•ื
12:00
and it generates a great deal of respect
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ื•ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“
12:02
to be able to step back
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ืžื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชื ืชืง,
12:03
and to push back and say,
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ื•ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ
12:06
"No."
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"ืœื."
12:07
Elie Wiesel -- Holocaust survivor,
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ืืœื™ ื•ื™ื–ืœ, ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื”,
12:09
Nobel Peace Prize recipient
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ื–ื•ื›ื” ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื,
12:11
and who, unfortunately, we lost very recently --
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ืฉืื•ืชื• ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื•
ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ,
12:14
said some very wise words:
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ืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ:
12:16
"We must take a side.
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"ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆื“.
12:18
Neutrality helps only the oppressor,
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ื”ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืจืง ืœืžื“ื›ื,
12:21
never the victim."
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ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืœืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ."
12:22
And he's completely right.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฆื“ืง ืœื’ืžืจื™.
12:23
We journalists are obligated to take sides in certain circumstances;
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ืœื ื• ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆื“ ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช.
12:27
in cases of racism,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช,
12:29
discrimination,
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ืืคืœื™ื”,
12:31
corruption,
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ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช,
12:32
lying to the public,
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ืฉืงืจื™ื ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ื™ื,
12:34
dictatorships and human rights,
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ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื,
12:36
we need to set aside neutrality and indifference.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื ื•ื— ืืช ื”ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืื“ื™ืฉื•ืช.
12:39
Spanish has a great word
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ื‘ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืžืื•ื“
12:42
to describe the stance that journalists should take.
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ืฉืžืชืืจืช ืื™ืคื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ.
12:46
The word is "contrapoder [anti-establishment]."
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื: contrapoder (ื ื’ื“-ื›ื•ื—)
12:48
Basically, we journalists should be on the opposite side
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื ื’ื“ื™
12:52
from those in power.
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ืœื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืจืจื”.
12:54
But if you're in bed with politicians,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื” ืขื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™,
12:56
if you go to the baptism or wedding of the governor's son
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ืื ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื˜ืงืก ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืื• ืœื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœ
12:59
or if you want to be the president's buddy,
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ืื• ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื,
13:01
how are you going to criticize them?
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ืื™ืš ืชืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช?
13:03
When I'm assigned to interview a powerful or influential person,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื ืฉืœื— ืœืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื•ื— ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื”,
13:06
I always keep two things in mind:
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ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
13:08
if I don't ask this difficult and uncomfortable question,
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ืฉืื ืื ื™ ืœื ืืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื•ื”ืœื ื ื•ื—ื”,
13:11
no one else is going to;
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ ืœื ื™ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื”.
13:13
and that I'm never going to see this person again.
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ื•ืฉืื ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื
ืœื ืืคื’ื•ืฉ ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื”.
13:16
So I'm not looking to make a good impression
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื ืกื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจื•ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘
13:20
or to forge a connection.
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ืื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจื™ื.
13:22
In the end, if I have to choose between being the president's friend
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ืื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื,
13:25
or enemy,
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13:26
I always prefer to be their enemy.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื™ื‘.
13:31
In closing:
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ืœืกื™ื•ื:
13:33
I know this is a difficult time to be an immigrant and a journalist,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืืœื” ื–ืžื ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืจ ืื• ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™,
13:38
but now more than ever,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“,
13:39
we need journalists who are prepared,
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื
13:43
at any given moment,
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื,
13:44
to set neutrality aside.
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ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื‘ืฆื“ ืืช ื”ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช.
13:47
Personally, I feel like I've been preparing for this moment
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™, ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ืชื™ ืœืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื”.
13:50
my whole life.
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ื›ืฉืฆื™ื ื–ืจื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 24,
13:51
When they censored me when I was 24,
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13:53
I learned that neutrality, fear and silence often make you an accomplice
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช, ื”ืคื—ื“ ื•ื”ืฉืชื™ืงื”
ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืฉื•ืชืฃ
14:00
in crime, abuse
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ืœืคืฉืขื™ื, ืœื”ืคืจื•ืช,
14:02
and injustice.
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ื•ืœืขื•ื•ืœื•ืช.
14:04
And being an accomplice to power
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืจืจื”
14:06
is never good journalism.
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ื–ื• ืืฃ ืคืขื ืื™ื ื” ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
14:09
Now, at 59 years old,
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 59,
14:12
I only hope to have a tiny bit
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ืื ื™ ืจืง ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืงืฆืช
14:14
of the courage and mental clarity I had at 24,
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ืžื”ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 24
14:18
and that way, never again
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ื•ืฉืืฃ ืคืขื
14:21
remain quiet.
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ืœื ืืฉืชื•ืง.
14:22
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
14:23
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:26
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
14:27
(Applause)
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2000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7