How online marketplaces can help local economies, not hurt them | Amane Dannouni

73,355 views ใƒป 2020-02-14

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Krystian Aparta
0
0
7000
ืชืจื’ื•ื: zeeva livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2013, ืืฉืชื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืœืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ.
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
โ€œืื•ื‘ืจโ€ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
00:13
In February 2013, my wife and I moved to Singapore.
1
13698
4454
ืืžื ื, ืืฉืชื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
00:18
Exactly at the same time,
2
18651
1579
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื.
00:20
Uber has announced it started operations in the country.
3
20254
3258
00:23
Now, my wife and I agree on a lot of things,
4
23536
3896
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ืชื™ ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
ื•ืื™ืš ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
00:27
but using Uber was definitely not one of them.
5
27456
3262
ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื›ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืื•ื‘ืจ ื’ื•ื ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
00:31
While I was excited about the technology
6
31797
2026
00:33
and how maybe we don't need to own cars anymore,
7
33847
3246
ื•ืฉืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”.
00:37
she felt that every Uber car is here to steal jobs from taxi drivers.
8
37117
5501
ื›ืฉื”ืื•ื‘ืจ, ื”โ€œืื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ ืื ื“ ื‘ื™โ€ฒ ื•ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื --
ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื โ€œืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ืโ€ --
00:44
And Sarah was not the only one.
9
44519
2066
ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื,
00:47
As the Ubers, Airbnbs and Amazons of the world --
10
47519
3372
ืฉืžืขื ื•, ื›ื•ืœื ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช
00:50
what we call "online marketplaces" --
11
50915
2384
ืฉืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
00:53
as they started expanding their presence,
12
53323
3397
ืฉืœ ื”ืจืก ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื“ืœื™ืคืช ืžืก.
00:56
we have heard, all of us, countless policymakers
13
56744
3285
ืฉืžืขื ื• ื’ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช,
01:00
worried about how to deal with these new risks
14
60053
2667
ืฉืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช
01:02
of job destruction, lower wages and tax leakage.
15
62744
3865
ืฉื ื•ื’ืกืช ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
01:07
We've also heard company leaders
16
67244
2283
ื•ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ.
01:09
worried about aggressive competition from global platforms
17
69551
3341
ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื›ืœื›ืœืช ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช.
01:12
eating up their local businesses.
18
72916
2200
ืื, ื‘ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ืง, ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข,
01:16
And on the rational level, of course I understand.
19
76067
3079
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื™ืจื™ื“ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ื”
01:19
After all, this is basic supply and demand economics.
20
79750
2803
ืืฆืœ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
01:22
If, in any market, you dramatically increase supply,
21
82577
2881
ืื‘ืœ ืžื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™,
ืจืื™ืชื™ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
01:25
you should expect prices, profitability and growth to go down
22
85482
3479
01:28
for existing players.
23
88985
1400
ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื,
ื›ืžื• ื’ื•ื™ื™ื’โ€˜ืง ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื” ืื• ื’โ€™ื•ืžื™ื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
01:31
But in my personal experience,
24
91371
2095
01:33
I've also seen the other side of the story.
25
93490
3101
ืขื–ืจื• ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืชื.
01:36
Where online marketplaces,
26
96615
1533
ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืจืื™ืชื™
01:38
like Gojek in Indonesia or Jumia in Africa,
27
98172
3689
ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื™ืฉื”, ื ื”ื’ืช ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื,
01:41
have helped their business ecosystems and the communities around them.
28
101885
3975
ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
01:46
The positive side I have seen
29
106170
1725
ืœืœื ื”ื”ื˜ืจื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื” ืื™ืชื” ื‘ืขืกืงื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
01:47
demonstrated itself in a woman, a taxi driver in Egypt,
30
107919
4778
ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืงื ื™ื”
01:52
that now had the opportunity to work
31
112721
2055
01:54
without the harassment she faced in the taxi business.
32
114800
2777
ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื“ื—ื™ืคื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
ื›ื™ ื”ืื’ื ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืฉืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืจ
01:57
It demonstrated itself through a village in Kenya
33
117601
5061
ื”ื•ืคืš ื›ืขืช ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.
02:02
that got an economic boost,
34
122686
1661
ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ.
02:04
because the nearby beautiful but completely unknown lake
35
124371
3278
ื•ื”ื ื™ืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ื ื™ื,
02:07
is now becoming a national ecotourism spot.
36
127673
3076
ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื
ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™.
02:12
Online marketplaces will continue to grow.
37
132276
3047
ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
ืื™ืคื” ื”ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
02:15
And they will transform the way we shop,
38
135347
1929
02:17
the way we travel
39
137300
1182
02:18
and the way we transact with each other.
40
138506
2031
ื”ืื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™
02:20
So we really need to understand
41
140561
2810
ืื• ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืืคืœ ื•ื”ืžื“ืื™ื’?
02:23
where is the truth between those two stories.
42
143395
2952
ื•ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™?
02:26
Should we expect more of the bright side
43
146736
2952
ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ.
02:29
or more of the dark and worrying side?
44
149712
2266
ื›ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจ ืขืกืงื™ื ืœืžื—ื™ื™ืชื™.
02:32
And is there a way to get the first without getting the second?
45
152585
3650
ื•ื›ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืื™ ื‘ื ืฉืžื”,
ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื”ื™ืคืš ืžืžื ื• ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”.
02:36
I believe there is.
46
156839
1267
02:38
As a strategy consultant, I study businesses for a living.
47
158514
3531
ืื–, ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”:
02:42
And as a mathematician at heart,
48
162069
1683
ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื?
02:43
I couldn't live with something and its opposite being equally true.
49
163776
3206
ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื?
02:47
So, I went back to fundamentals, and I asked the question:
50
167006
4309
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื,
ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
02:51
What do online marketplaces really do?
51
171339
3166
ื”ื ืžืชืืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืงื•ื ื™ื.
02:54
What do they do?
52
174903
1150
ื–ื”ื• ื–ื”.
02:57
Well, at their core,
53
177347
1817
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืกืขื™ื
02:59
they're doing something very simple.
54
179188
2081
ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื•ื‘ืจ, ืืช โ€œื’ืจืื‘โ€ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื”
03:01
They match sellers and buyers.
55
181583
2000
ื•ืืช โ€œื“ื™ื“ื™โ€ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ.
03:04
That's it.
56
184044
1150
ืœื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื,
03:05
For drivers and passengers,
57
185520
2476
ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื‘ืื‘ื ืื• ื’โ€™ื•ืžื™ื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
03:08
you get Uber, Grab in Southeast Asia
58
188020
2383
ื•ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ ืื ื“ ื‘ื™:
03:10
or DiDi in China.
59
190427
1528
ืœื’ื™ื•ืก ื›ืกืคื™ื, ืืช โ€œืงื™ืงืกื˜ืืจื˜ืจโ€ --
03:12
For matching merchants and consumers,
60
192688
2186
ื•ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื”.
03:14
you get Amazon, Alibaba or Jumia in Africa.
61
194898
3005
ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
03:17
And for housing, you get Airbnb;
62
197927
2317
ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื–ื•
03:20
for fundraising, you get Kickstarter --
63
200268
2142
ืฉืœ ื”ืชืืžืช ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืงื•ื ื™ื
03:22
the list goes on.
64
202434
1150
ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™.
03:24
What all these examples have in common
65
204125
2762
ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš,
03:26
is that they transition this basic functionality
66
206911
2539
ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:29
of matching sellers and buyers
67
209474
1651
ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืจืš ืœื›ื•ืœื.
03:31
from the physical world to the digital world.
68
211149
3047
03:34
And by doing so,
69
214220
1913
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื
03:36
they can find better matches,
70
216157
1811
03:37
do it faster
71
217992
1164
ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืืžืฅ.
03:39
and ultimately, unlock more value for everyone.
72
219180
3016
03:43
In fact, online marketplaces' core benefit
73
223847
3460
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
ืื ืืชื” ื ื”ื’ ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืกืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•
03:47
is that they get us more from the same amount of effort.
74
227331
3682
ื•ืืชื” ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ 10 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื,
03:51
For example,
75
231958
1579
ืื– ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื ื•ืกืข ืžืฉืœื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš
03:53
if you're a taxi driver in San Francisco
76
233561
2373
ืœืืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”-10.
03:55
and you decide to work 10 hours per day,
77
235958
2610
ืื ืืชื” ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืฉื ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื›ืžื• ืื•ื‘ืจ,
03:59
then you're actually having a paying passenger in your car
78
239609
3055
ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื
04:02
for four hours out of the 10.
79
242688
1934
ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืขื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
ื–ื• ืื•ืชื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืช ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘-40 ืื—ื•ื–.
04:05
If you take the same car and put it on a platform like Uber,
80
245168
4119
04:09
you can have paying passengers
81
249311
1898
ื•ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื›ื— ื›ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
04:11
for an additional one and a half hours.
82
251233
2189
04:13
This is the same car becoming 40 percent more productive.
83
253446
4306
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื”.
04:18
And the same has been proven true for other online marketplaces.
84
258466
3698
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื”.
04:22
By design, they create more value for the economy.
85
262188
3968
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื --
ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื›ื ืกื”.
04:28
Now, we need to figure out who gets this additional value.
86
268339
4024
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ื–ื” ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืื ืืชื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื.
ืื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืชืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ.
04:32
You can give it to the drivers --
87
272895
1913
04:34
more passengers, more income.
88
274832
1888
ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืฉืฉืœื•ืฉืชื
04:36
You can give it to consumers, if you reduce prices.
89
276744
3016
ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื™ื—ืœืงื• ืืช ื–ื”.
04:39
Or you can decide that the platform gets to keep all of it.
90
279784
3015
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื•?
04:43
What usually happens is that all three of them
91
283689
2460
ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื
ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืง ื”ื–ื”.
04:46
would somehow split it.
92
286173
1533
ืื ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ ืื ื“ ื‘ื™,
04:48
But what about the rest of us?
93
288776
2436
ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ,
04:52
We can also be impacted
94
292149
1368
04:53
without being on either sides of this business.
95
293541
2195
ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืขืฉ ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ,
04:55
If my neighbor decides to rent his apartment on Airbnb,
96
295760
3341
ืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืคืขืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืงืกื ื”ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื”.
04:59
and we have more people coming in and out of the building,
97
299125
3192
ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ื™ืงืจืื• ืœื–ื” โ€œื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืชโ€œ.
05:02
more noise than usual,
98
302341
1682
05:04
then I'm getting an unpleasant side effect of this productivity magic.
99
304047
4190
ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ืžื”ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื‘ืจ
ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืจืš ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื”ื’ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืจื“
05:09
This is what economists would call a "negative externality."
100
309389
3760
ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื›- 30%
05:13
The negative externality of Uber cars becoming more productive
101
313173
3626
ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืืคืœ.
05:16
is taxi drivers seeing the value of their licenses drop
102
316823
3026
ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘
05:19
by as much as 30 percent in New York, for example.
103
319873
3552
ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
05:23
This is the dark side.
104
323981
2008
ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืžืขื•ืžืง ื”ืœื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื™ืขื”.
05:26
And this is what sparks street demonstrations
105
326307
3135
ื•ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ
ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื.
05:29
and sometimes, sometimes, even violence.
106
329466
2667
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ,
05:33
I profoundly believe this is avoidable.
107
333323
2595
ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ,
05:35
And it became clearer to me
108
335942
1476
05:37
the more I have spent time in emerging markets.
109
337442
2639
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืœื–ื™ื”, ืชืื™ืœื ื“, ื•ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื”,
ื•ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ --
05:40
In fact, during my time in Singapore,
110
340569
1857
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืจื™ืฅ --
05:42
I spent half of any given week traveling in the region,
111
342450
3118
ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื–.
05:45
between Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia,
112
345592
2739
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ืขืฉื• ืคืฉืจื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช
05:48
and I became a user --
113
348355
1381
05:49
actually, more of a fan --
114
349760
1555
05:51
of online marketplaces that were not that well-known back then.
115
351339
3826
ืฉืฆืžืฆืžื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืืช ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœื”ื,
ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
05:56
But some of them made interesting strategic trade-offs
116
356047
3460
ืงื—ื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืืช ื’ื•ื’โ€™ืง.
ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื.
05:59
that dramatically reduced their side effects,
117
359531
2493
ื”ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื”,
06:02
their externalities.
118
362048
1625
06:04
Take Gojek, for example.
119
364871
2087
ื•ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืžืœื.
06:07
They're basically Uber for motor bikes.
120
367347
2619
06:09
They are one of the most liked online marketplaces in Indonesia,
121
369990
4018
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืจื™ื‘
ืขื ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืื—ืจืช,
06:15
and this has a lot to do with the role they chose to play.
122
375383
3848
ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœื”ื,
06:19
Instead of picking a fight
123
379637
1254
ื›ืš ืฉืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื’ื•ื’โ€™ืง,
06:20
with every other transportation option out there,
124
380915
2698
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
06:23
they choose to gradually integrate them within their own platform,
125
383637
4497
ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืœืžืจื—ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
ื•ืื–, ืื•ืœื™, ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื ืื•ืคื ื•ืข ืื• ื‘ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช
06:28
so that without leaving the Gojek app,
126
388158
2762
06:30
you can check the public transportation schedule
127
390944
2357
ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”.
06:33
and choose to take a bus for a long distance.
128
393325
2333
06:35
Then, maybe, a motorbike or a traditional taxi
129
395682
3451
ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื’ื•ื’โ€™ืง ื”ื™ื•ื,
ืชืฉืขื” ืžืชื•ืš 10 ื ื”ื’ื™ ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื
06:39
that you can order and pay for from within the same app.
130
399157
4563
ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืฉืชืคืจื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืœืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”.
06:45
If you look at Gojek today,
131
405039
1484
06:46
nine out of 10 previous motor taxi drivers
132
406547
3008
ื•ืชืฉืขื” ืžืชื•ืš 10 ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื --
ืชืฉืขื” ืžืชื•ืš 10 --
06:49
believe their quality of life has improved after joining the platform.
133
409579
5066
ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื’ื•ื’โ€™ืง ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
06:54
And nine out of 10 consumers --
134
414669
2310
ืจืžืช ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื’ื•ื’โ€™ืง ืœืฆืžื•ื—
06:57
nine out of 10 --
135
417003
1405
06:58
believe that Gojek has a positive impact on society in general.
136
418432
5253
ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื•ืง ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
ืžืื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆืจื›ื™ื
07:04
Now, this level of trust is what allowed Gojek to grow
137
424403
4173
ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”.
07:08
into what is today a super online marketplace for everything
138
428600
3779
ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืคืฉืจื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช
07:12
from food to grocery
139
432403
2158
ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:14
even massages and laundry pickups.
140
434585
2500
ืฉื‘ื” ื’ื ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“,
07:18
It all came from a deliberate trade-off
141
438442
3476
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื ืฆื— ื‘ื•ื“ื“, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
07:21
to be an orchestrator of a bigger ecosystem
142
441942
2708
ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืœืขืฆืžื• ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ืชื— ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:24
where others also have their role to play,
143
444674
2790
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ื’โ€™ื•ืžื™ื”.
07:27
instead of a single winner, a hero,
144
447488
2309
07:29
that takes for himself what would, at the end, be a smaller pie.
145
449821
4031
ื’โ€™ื•ืžื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืจืžืช ืคื—ื“
07:35
Another interesting example is Jumia.
146
455046
2436
ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
07:37
Jumia is the equivalent of Amazon in Africa.
147
457506
3238
ื•ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš
ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ
07:40
But they don't generate the same level of fear
148
460768
2785
07:43
in the small-business community.
149
463577
2134
ื‘ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื,
ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื— ืื•ืชื ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™.
07:46
And one of the reasons for that
150
466379
1762
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ,
07:48
is because they have decided to actively invest
151
468165
3735
ืฉื’โ€™ื•ืžื™ื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
07:51
in African entrepreneurs,
152
471924
1690
07:53
to grow them into the digital age.
153
473638
2090
ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืจืžืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช.
07:56
Now keep in mind,
154
476292
1190
ื”ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื–ื”
07:57
Jumia is operating in countries with some of the lowest digital literacy
155
477506
4111
ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืชื“ืœื ื•ืช ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช --
08:01
and digital connectivity scores in the world.
156
481641
2531
ื•ื”ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” --
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ื™ืกื“ื• ืืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื’โ€™ื•ืžื™ื”,
08:04
Now they could have dealt with that
157
484886
2032
08:06
the usual way, through lobbying for reforms --
158
486942
2587
ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืช
ืฉื‘ื” ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช.
08:09
and they probably do that --
159
489553
1873
08:11
but they have also built Jumia University,
160
491450
3084
ื—ืงืจื ื• ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”.
08:14
an e-learning platform
161
494558
1225
08:15
where merchants can come and learn basic digital and business skills.
162
495807
4175
ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ืงืจ, ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื’โ€™ื•ืžื™ื”.
ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ื’โ€™ื•ืžื•.
08:21
We have studied online marketplaces in Africa last year.
163
501085
3714
ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘-2014,
08:25
And during that study, we have met one of Jumia's merchants.
164
505141
3626
ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื•.
ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™.
08:29
His name is Jomo.
165
509085
1389
08:30
He was fired from his job in 2014,
166
510498
3428
ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืจืฆื” ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืคื˜ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:33
and at that time, he decided he wanted to become his own boss.
167
513950
3516
ืื– ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
ืœื’โ€™ื•ืžื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžืฅ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ื–ื” ืขืกืง.
08:37
He wanted to be independent.
168
517490
1714
ืื– ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช
08:39
He also wanted to never be fired again.
169
519228
2818
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ืš ืœืชืžื—ืจ ืื•ืชื
08:43
So at that time,
170
523362
1320
08:44
Jomo had no clue what a business is.
171
524706
2442
ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืงื“ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
08:47
So he needed to go through a series of trainings
172
527172
2460
ื›ื™ื•ื, ืœื’โ€™ื•ืžื• ื™ืฉ ืขืกืง ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืขื 10 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
08:49
to learn how to select products, how to price them
173
529656
2941
ื•ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
08:52
and how to promote them online.
174
532621
2067
ื”ื•ื ืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื•
08:55
Today, Jomo has a 10-employee online business.
175
535522
3737
ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ ื ื™ื™ืจื•ื‘ื™.
ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื”,
08:59
And as of a few months ago,
176
539807
1976
ื™ืฉ ืœื’โ€˜ื•ืžื™ื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืกืคืจ ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’โ€™ื•ืžื•.
09:01
he just opened his very first brick-and-mortar shop
177
541807
3119
09:04
in the suburbs of Nairobi.
178
544950
1734
ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื ื• ืฉื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
09:07
Now, through its university,
179
547252
1524
09:08
Jumia has the potential of helping a huge number of Jomos.
180
548800
3904
ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช
ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ 3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืขื“ 2025.
09:13
And we have estimated that together with other online marketplaces
181
553373
3331
ื•ื”ื ื™ืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช,
09:16
on the continent,
182
556728
1158
09:17
they can generate three million additional jobs by 2025.
183
557910
4753
ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื,
ื›ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:24
And they would do that either directly,
184
564388
2087
ืื• ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืžืžื ื”
ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื• ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”.
09:26
or through their impact on the wider community.
185
566499
2286
09:28
And sometimes,
186
568809
1166
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื”, ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ.
09:29
taking that wider impact into consideration
187
569999
2757
ื›ืฉืืฉืชื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ,
09:32
or forgetting about it
188
572780
1472
09:34
can make or break a platform.
189
574276
1933
09:36
To illustrate that, let's go back to Singapore.
190
576911
3008
ืื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
09:39
So, when we decided with my wife to leave the country last year,
191
579943
4698
ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ื–ื”,
09:44
Uber decided to do the same.
192
584665
1866
ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืงืจื™ื.
09:47
At the same time,
193
587117
1421
ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ื”ืกืขื”
09:48
again, we started to see that pattern,
194
588562
4549
ืœืกื˜ืืจื˜-ืืค ืžืœื–ื™ ื‘ืฉื โ€œื’ืจืื‘โ€œ.
09:53
but maybe it's a coincidence.
195
593135
2325
09:56
In reality, Uber lost the ride-hailing battle
196
596053
4626
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
ืœืืฉืชื™ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื’ืจืื‘,
10:00
to a Malaysian-born start-up called Grab.
197
600703
3024
ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื’ืจืื‘ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืฉื ืื—ืจ.
10:04
Now, interestingly,
198
604616
1762
ื”ืฉื ื”ื™ื” โ€œืžื™ ื˜ืงืกื™โ€œ,
10:06
my wife didn't have the same level of concerns with Grab,
199
606402
3529
ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืฉื ืžืจืžื–, ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
10:09
because when Grab started, it had a different name.
200
609955
2643
10:12
It was called MyTeksi,
201
612622
2452
ื•ื›ืฉื’ืจืื‘ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ืœืžืื’ืจ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
10:15
and as the name suggests, it started as a platform for taxis.
202
615098
5439
ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืชืคืก ื›ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™.
ื”ื ื’ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื”.
10:21
So when Grab started expanding the driver pool beyond taxis,
203
621521
4422
ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช
10:25
it was seen as gradual and reasonable.
204
625967
2533
ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื.
10:28
They were also very careful while doing so.
205
628815
2933
ืื– ื”ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืคื™ื ื ืกื™.
10:32
They thought of what kind of social safety net
206
632188
2791
ื›ืขืช, ื”ืฉื•ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
10:35
they should bring to all drivers.
207
635003
2122
10:37
So they put in place special insurance packages
208
637149
3039
ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ื‘ืคืจื™ื–,
10:40
and even financial education programs.
209
640212
2301
ืฉื ื ื”ื’ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•
10:43
Now, compare that with what happened in London,
210
643295
4761
ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืœื 200,000 ื™ื•ืจื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื --
10:48
in New York, in Paris,
211
648080
1945
ืฉืจื•ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช.
10:50
where taxi drivers didn't feel that the platforms understood
212
650049
3897
ื›ืฉื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™
10:53
they had to pay 200,000 euros for their license --
213
653970
3337
ืœื ื ืœืงื— ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ,
ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช.
10:57
and mostly in loans.
214
657331
1334
10:59
When you don't take that kind of social environmental information
215
659482
3967
ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื ืกื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื•
11:03
into account,
216
663473
1167
11:04
you get strong reactions.
217
664664
1666
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืจืื‘ ืื• ื’โ€™ื•ืžื™ื” ืื• ื’ื•ื’โ€™ืง ื”ืŸ ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
ื”ืื ื”ืŸ ื”ืื˜ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื?
11:09
I'm not trying to argue that the trade-offs
218
669140
3438
ืื•ืœื™.
11:12
by either Grab or Jumia or Gojek are risk-free.
219
672602
3863
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
ื’ื•ื’โ€™ืง ืฉื•ื•ื” 10 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
11:16
Did they slow down growth at some point, temporarily?
220
676903
3133
ื’โ€™ื•ืžื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ืช ืž-3 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ื™ ืงืจืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
11:20
Maybe.
221
680060
1159
11:21
But look at them today.
222
681243
1263
11:22
Gojek is worth 10 billion dollars.
223
682530
2898
ื•ื’ืจืื‘, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื“ื—ืงื” ืืช ืื•ื‘ืจ
11:26
Jumia is one of only three unicorns in the whole of Africa.
224
686569
4349
ืžื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื”.
ื•ืื ื™ ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืขืกืงื•ืช ื”ืคืฉืจื” ื”ืืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื.
11:31
And Grab, well, they pushed out Uber
225
691752
3201
11:34
out of the whole region of Southeast Asia.
226
694977
2800
ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื• ืื•ื‘ืจ ืื• ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืŸ
11:38
And I also think these trade-offs have nothing specific to emerging markets.
227
698712
4453
ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš,
11:43
Amazon or Uber or others can learn from them
228
703650
3196
ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืง ืกื›ื•ื ืืคืก.
11:46
and adapt them to their own realities.
229
706870
3010
ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš --
ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืืกื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ --
11:50
In the long run,
230
710443
1151
ืžืฉืชืœื ืœื”ืชืื–ืจ ื‘ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช.
11:51
this doesn't need to be a zero-sum game.
231
711618
2717
ืžืฉืชืœื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื•ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื
11:54
In the long run --
232
714639
1151
11:55
and this is maybe the Asian side of me speaking --
233
715814
3032
ืœืื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
11:58
it pays to be patient.
234
718870
1753
ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืชื›ื ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
12:00
It pays to reconsider your goal and your priorities
235
720941
3581
ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื’ื ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื,
12:04
in the light of a much bigger equation
236
724546
2372
ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
12:06
that includes you and your users, of course,
237
726942
3365
ื•ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ,
ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืฉืื•ืชื ืืชื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืฉ.
12:10
but also it includes regulators,
238
730331
2980
12:13
policymakers, your communities.
239
733335
2238
ืชื•ื“ื”.
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:15
And I would argue, above all,
240
735597
2309
12:17
it includes the very businesses you are meant to disrupt.
241
737930
3286
12:21
Thank you.
242
741684
1150
12:22
(Applause)
243
742858
3737
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7