How Africa can keep rising | Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala

99,581 views ใƒป 2016-09-03

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Sigal Tifferet ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
The narrative of a rising Africa is being challenged.
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ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืืชื’ืจ.
00:16
About 10 years ago, I spoke about an Africa,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›-10 ืฉื ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
00:20
an Africa of hope and opportunity,
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ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช,
00:23
an Africa of entrepreneurs,
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ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื™ื–ืžื™ื,
00:25
an Africa very different from the Africa that you normally hear about
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ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื–ื• ื”ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืœืจื•ื‘
00:29
of death, poverty and disease.
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ืฉืœ ืžื•ื•ืช, ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื—ื•ืœื™.
00:31
And that what I spoke about,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™
00:33
became part of what is known now as the narrative of the rising Africa.
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ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื” ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื™ื•ื ื›ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืขื•ืœื”.
00:39
I want to tell you two stories about this rising Africa.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
00:42
The first has to do with Rwanda,
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”,
00:44
a country that has gone through many trials and tribulations.
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ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืกื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื™ื.
00:47
And Rwanda has decided to become the technology hub, or a technology hub
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ื•ืจื•ืื ื“ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช.
00:52
on the continent.
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00:53
It's a country with mountainous and hilly terrain,
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ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืจืจื™ืช,
00:56
a little bit like here,
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ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ,
00:58
so it's very difficult to deliver services to people.
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ืื– ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืกืคืง ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
01:01
So what has Rwanda said?
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ืื– ืžื” ืจื•ืื ื“ื” ืืžืจื”?
01:03
In order to save lives, it's going to try using drones
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืชื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืจื—ืคื ื™ื
01:06
to deliver lifesaving drugs, vaccines and blood
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ื•ื“ื,
01:09
to people in hard-to-reach places
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื,
01:12
in partnership with a company called Zipline,
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ื‘ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื–ื™ืคืœื™ื™ืŸ,
01:14
with UPS, and also with the Gavi, a global vaccine alliance.
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ืขื UPS, ื•ื’ื ืขื Gavi, ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืœื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื.
01:19
In doing this, it will save lives.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:21
This is part of the type of innovation we want to see in the rising Africa.
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ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืขื•ืœื”.
01:26
The second story has to do with something
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•
01:29
that I'm sure most of you have seen or will remember.
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ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ื›ื ืจืื• ืื• ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื.
01:32
Very often, countries in Africa suffer drought and floods,
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืกื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื•ืฉื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช,
01:36
and it's getting more frequent because of climate change effects.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื›ื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
01:40
When this happens, they normally wait for international appeals to raise money.
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ื›ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”, ืื ื• ื‘ื“"ื› ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื•ืก ื›ืกืคื™ื.
01:45
You see pictures of children with flies on their faces,
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”ื,
01:49
carcasses of dead animals and so on.
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ื’ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
01:51
Now these countries, 32 countries, came together
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, 32 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื—ื‘ืจื• ื™ื—ื“
01:54
under the auspices of the African Union
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ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™,
01:57
and decided to form an organization called the African Risk Capacity.
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืงืจื ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
02:02
What does it do?
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ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”?
02:03
It's a weather-based insurance agency,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ,
02:05
and what these countries do is to pay insurance each year,
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ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”,
02:10
about 3 million dollars a year of their own resources,
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ื‘ืขืจืš 3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืฉื ื” ืžื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
02:12
so that in the event they have a difficult drought situation or flood,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืื• ื”ืฆืคื” ืงืฉื™ื,
02:17
this money will be paid out to them,
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ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉื•ืœื ืœื”ื,
02:20
which they can then use to take care of their populations,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืชื,
02:23
instead of waiting for aid to come.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืกืคื™ ืกื™ื•ืข.
02:26
The African Risk Capacity last year paid 26 million dollars
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ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืœืžื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” 26 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืžืื•ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืกื ื’ืœ ื•ื ื™ื–'ืจ.
02:30
to Mauritania, Senegal and Niger.
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02:32
This enabled them to take care of 1.3 million people affected by drought.
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ื–ื” ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœ-1.3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืฉื ืคื’ืขื• ืžื‘ืฆื•ืจืช.
02:38
They were able to restore livelihoods,
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ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืฉืงื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืคืจื ืกื”,
02:40
buy fodder for cattle, feed children in school
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ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืกืคื•ื ืœื‘ืงืจ, ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™-ื”ืกืคืจ,
02:43
and in short keep the populations home instead of migrating out of the area.
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ื•ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื”ื, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื”ื’ืจื• ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืฉื.
02:49
So these are the kinds of stories
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ืื– ืืœื” ืกื•ื’ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
02:51
of an Africa ready to take responsibility for itself,
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ืขืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื”,
02:54
and to look for solutions for its own problems.
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ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
02:57
But that narrative is being challenged now
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ,
03:00
because the continent has not been doing well in the last two years.
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ื›ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืœื ื›"ื› ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
03:05
It had been growing at five percent per annum
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ื‘-15 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ืฆืžื—ื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ 5% ืœืฉื ื”,
03:08
for the last one and a half decades,
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03:10
but this year's forecast was three percent. Why?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” 3%. ืœืžื”?
03:12
In an uncertain global environment, commodity prices have fallen.
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ ื•ื“ืื•ืช, ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืคืœื•.
03:17
Many of the economies are still commodity driven,
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ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช,
03:20
and therefore their performance has slipped.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื™ืจื“ื•.
03:23
And now the issue of Brexit doesn't make it any easier.
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ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขื ื‘ืจืงืกื™ื˜ ืœื ืžืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. (ืคืจื™ืฉืช ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช ืžื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™)
03:27
I never knew that the Brexit could happen
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ืœื ืชื™ืืจืชื™ ืฉื‘ืจืงืกื™ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ
03:31
and that it could be one of the things that would cause global uncertainty
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ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื™ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
03:35
such as we have.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ื™ื•ื.
03:36
So now we've got this situation,
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
03:38
and I think it's time to take stock
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ,
03:41
and to say what were the things that the African countries did right?
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ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืขืฉื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
03:46
What did they do wrong?
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ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื˜ืขื•.
03:48
How do we build on all of this and learn lessons
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ืื™ืš ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืžืคื™ืงื™ื ืœืงื—ื™ื
03:51
so that we can keep Africa rising?
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ื›ืš ืฉืืคืจื™ืงื” ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืœื•ืช?
03:54
So let me talk about six things that I think we did right.
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ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
03:58
The first is managing our economies better.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:02
The '80s and '90s were the lost decades, when Africa was not doing well,
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ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80 ื•ื”-90 ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ื ืื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืœื ืฉื’ืฉื’ื”,
04:06
and some of you will remember an "Economist" cover
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ื•ื—ืœืงื›ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืฉืขืจ ื”"ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืกื˜"
04:09
that said, "The Lost Continent."
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ื‘ื• ื ื›ืชื‘: "ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืื‘ื•ื“ื”."
04:12
But in the 2000s, policymakers learned
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-2000, ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื•
04:16
that they needed to manage the macroeconomic environment better,
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ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืืงืจื•-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
04:20
to ensure stability,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช,
04:21
keep inflation low in single digits,
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ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื” ืื—ืช,
04:24
keep their fiscal deficits low, below three percent of GDP,
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ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื’ืจืขื•ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื ืžื•ืš, ืžืชื—ืช ืœ-3% ืžื”ืชืž"ื’,
04:30
give investors, both domestic and foreign,
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ืœืกืคืง ืœืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื, ืžื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืฅ,
04:34
some stability so they'll have confidence to invest in these economies.
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ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืฉืชืงื ื” ืœื”ื ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
04:37
So that was number one.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
04:39
Two, debt.
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ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื‘.
04:40
In 1994, the debt-to-GDP ratio of African countries was 130 percent,
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ื‘-1994 ื™ื—ืก ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ืœืชืž"ื’ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” 130%,
04:46
and they didn't have fiscal space.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืžืจื—ื‘ ืคื™ืกืงืœื™.
04:48
They couldn't use their resources to invest in their development
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื—,
04:51
because they were paying debt.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืœืžื• ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
04:53
There may be some of you in this room who worked to support African countries
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ืื•ืœื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื›ื ื›ืืŸ ืคืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืฉืžื™ื˜ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช
04:58
to get debt relief.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
04:59
So private creditors, multilaterals and bilaterals came together
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ืื– ื ื•ืฉื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืจื‘-ืฆื“ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื•-ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื• ื™ื—ื“
05:03
and decided to do the Highly Indebted Poor Countries Initiative
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช HIPC ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
05:07
and give debt relief.
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ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื˜ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
05:08
So this debt relief in 2005
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ืื– ืฉืžื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘-2005,
05:10
made the debt-to-GDP ratio fall down to about 30 percent,
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืœ-30% ื‘ืขืจืš ืืช ื™ื—ืก ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ืœืชืž"ื’,
05:14
and there was enough resources to try and reinvest.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
05:18
The third thing was loss-making enterprises.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžืคืกื™ื“ื™ื.
05:21
Governments were involved in business
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ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื
05:23
which they had no business being in.
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ืฉื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ.
05:25
And they were running businesses, they were making losses.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื• ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืคืกื™ื“ื™ื.
05:28
So some of these enterprises were restructured,
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ืื– ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืื•ืจื’ื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
05:31
commercialized, privatized or closed,
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ืžื•ืกื—ืจื•, ื”ื•ืคืจื˜ื• ืื• ื ืกื’ืจื•,
05:34
and they became less of a burden on government.
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ื•ื”ื ื ื”ื™ื• ืœืขื•ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
05:38
The fourth thing was a very interesting thing.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื“.
05:41
The telecoms revolution came,
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ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ื˜ืœืงื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื”,
05:43
and African countries jumped on it.
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ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืงืคืฆื• ืขืœื™ื”.
05:46
In 2000, we had 11 million phone lines.
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000 ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 11 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.
05:48
Today, we have about 687 million mobile lines on the continent.
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขืจืš 687 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช.
05:54
And this has enabled us
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ื•ื–ื” ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื ื•
05:55
to go, move forward with some mobile technology
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ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืขื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื,
05:58
where Africa is actually leading.
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ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ื• ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืœืžืขืฉื”.
06:01
In Kenya, the development of mobile money --
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ื‘ืงื ื™ื”, ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื“ --
06:03
M-Pesa, which all of you have heard about --
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M-Pesa, ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœื™ื• --
06:06
it took some time for the world to notice that Africa was ahead
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ืœืงื— ืงืฆืช ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉืืคืจื™ืงื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”
06:10
in this particular technology.
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ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
06:11
And this mobile money is also providing a platform
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ื•ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ื›ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”
06:14
for access to alternative energy.
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ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช.
06:17
You know, people who can now pay for solar
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ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช
06:20
the same way they pay for cards for their telephone.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.
06:25
So this was a very good development, something that went right.
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ืื– ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—.
06:30
We also invested more in education and health, not enough,
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ื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง,
06:34
but there were some improvements.
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืœื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
06:36
250 million children were immunized in the last one and a half decades.
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250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื—ื•ืกื ื• ื‘-15 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
06:42
The other thing was that conflicts decreased.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ืจื“ื•.
06:45
There were many conflicts on the continent.
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ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช.
06:48
Many of you are aware of that.
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ืจื•ื‘ื›ื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš.
06:49
But they came down, and our leaders even managed to dampen some coups.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ืจื“ื•, ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืข ื›ืžื” ื”ืคื™ื›ื•ืช.
06:54
New types of conflicts have emerged, and I'll refer to those later.
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ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื•, ื•ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.
06:58
So based on all this, there's also some differentiation on the continent
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ืื– ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช
07:02
that I want you to know about,
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ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื›ื™ืจื•,
07:03
because even as the doom and gloom is here,
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ื›ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื›ืืŸ ืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ,
07:06
there are some countries -- Cรดte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Ethiopia,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช -- ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื”ื‘, ืงื ื™ื”, ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”,
07:10
Tanzania and Senegal are performing relatively well at the moment.
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ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื” ื•ืกื ื’ืœ, ืฉืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื›ืจื’ืข ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื™ืคื”.
07:15
But what did we do wrong?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื’ื™ื ื•?
07:17
Let me mention eight things.
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ืืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
07:18
You have to have more things wrong than right.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื ืžื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
07:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:22
So there are eight things we did wrong.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืฉื’ื™ื ื•.
07:24
The first was that even though we grew, we didn't create enough jobs.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืฆืžื—ื ื•, ืœื ื™ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช.
07:28
We didn't create jobs for our youth.
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ืœื ื™ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
07:30
Youth unemployment on the continent is about 15 percent,
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ืื‘ื˜ืœืช ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš 15%,
07:33
and underemployment is a serious problem.
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ื•ืชืช-ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”.
07:37
The second thing that we did is that the quality of growth was not good enough.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื• ืฉื’ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
07:42
Even those jobs we created were low-productivity jobs,
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ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”,
07:46
so we moved people from low-productivity agriculture
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ืื– ื”ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”
07:50
to low-productivity commerce and working in the informal sector
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ืœืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ืคื•ืจืžืœื™,
07:54
in the urban areas.
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื.
07:56
The third thing is that inequality increased.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™-ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ืœ.
08:00
So we created more billionaires.
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ืื– ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ืจื™ื.
08:05
50 billionaires worth 96 billion dollars
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50 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื 96 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ
08:08
own more wealth than the bottom 75 million people on the continent.
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ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ืฉืจ ืž-75 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช.
08:13
Poverty,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ -- ืขื•ื ื™,
08:15
the proportion of people in poverty -- that's the fourth thing -- did decrease,
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ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืจื“,
08:19
but the absolute numbers did not because of population growth.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืื‘ืกื•ืœื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื ื™ืจื“ื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”.
08:24
And population growth is something
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ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ
08:26
that we don't have enough of a dialogue about on the continent.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช.
08:30
And I think we will need to get a handle on it,
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื•,
08:33
particularly how we educate girls.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืช.
08:36
That is the road to really working on this particular issue.
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ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืืžืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
08:41
The fifth thing is that we didn't invest enough in infrastructure.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช.
08:48
We had investment from the Chinese.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืกื™ื ื™ื•ืช.
08:50
That helped some countries, but it's not enough.
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ื”ืŸ ืขื–ืจื• ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง.
08:54
The consumption of electricity in Africa on the continent
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ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื”ืจื”,
08:57
in Sub-Saharan Africa is equivalent to Spain.
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ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื–ื• ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื“.
09:01
The total consumption is equivalent to that of Spain.
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ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื–ื• ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื“.
09:04
So many people are living in the dark,
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ืื– ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื›ื”,
09:07
and as the President of the African Development Bank said recently,
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™,
09:10
Africa cannot develop in the dark.
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ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื›ื”.
09:14
The other thing we have not done
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœื ืขืฉื™ื ื•
09:16
is that our economies retain the same structure
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื‘ื ื”
09:21
that we've had for decades.
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ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืœืžืฉืš ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื.
09:23
So even though we've been growing,
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ืื– ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื,
09:25
the structure of the economies has not changed very much.
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ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”.
09:27
We are still exporting commodities,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆืื™ื ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช,
09:30
and exporting commodities is what? It's exporting jobs.
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ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆื ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช? ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช.
09:34
Our manufacturing value-added is only 11 percent.
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ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืจืง 11%.
09:37
We are not creating enough decent manufacturing jobs for our youth,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
09:42
and trade among ourselves is low.
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ื•ื”ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื”ื•ื ื ืžื•ืš.
09:44
Only about 12 percent of our trade is among ourselves.
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ืจืง ื›-12% ืžื”ืกื—ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืคื ื™ืžื™.
09:48
So that's another serious problem.
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ืื– ื–ื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืฉื”.
09:51
Then governance.
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ื•ืžืžืฉืœ.
09:53
Governance is a serious issue.
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”.
09:55
We have weak institutions,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ืœืฉื™ื,
09:57
and sometimes nonexistent institutions, and I think this gives way for corruption.
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ืกืจื™ื, ื•ื–ื”, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืคื•ืชื— ืคืชื— ืœืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช.
10:02
Corruption is an issue that we have not yet gotten a good enough handle on,
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ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื˜ืจื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืคืชื•ืจ,
10:08
and we have to fight tooth and nail,
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ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—,
10:10
that and increased transparency in the way we manage our economies
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
10:14
and the way we manage our finances.
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ื•ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ื•.
10:16
We also need to be wary of new conflicts,
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ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
10:21
new types of conflicts,
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ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื,
10:23
such as we have with Boko Haram in my country, Nigeria,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื ื‘ื•ืงื• ื—ืจืื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืชื™, ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”,
10:26
and with Al-Shabaab in Kenya.
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ื•ืขื ืืœ-ืฉื‘ืื‘ ื‘ืงื ื™ื”.
10:28
We need to partner with international partners,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื,
10:32
developed countries, to fight this together.
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื›ืš ื™ื—ื“.
10:35
Otherwise, we create a new reality
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ืื—ืจืช, ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”
10:37
which is not the type we want for a rising Africa.
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ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืขื•ืœื”.
10:40
And finally, the issue of education.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
10:43
Our education systems in many countries are broken.
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ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
10:47
We are not creating the types of skills needed for the future.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื“.
10:51
So we have to find a way to educate better.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื ืš.
10:54
So those are the things that we are not doing right.
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ืื– ืืœื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
10:58
Now, where do we go from there?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉื?
11:01
I believe that the way forward is to learn to manage success.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
11:05
Very often, when people succeed or countries succeed,
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื,
11:09
they forget what made them succeed.
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ื”ื ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืžื” ื’ืจื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—.
11:12
Learning what you're successful at,
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ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื” ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื•,
11:15
managing it and keeping it is vital for us.
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ืœื ื”ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœืฉืžืจ ืื•ืชื•.
11:17
So all those things I said we did right,
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ืื– ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
11:19
we have to learn to do it right again, keep doing it right.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
11:23
Managing the economy while creating stability is vital,
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ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.
11:27
getting prices right, and policy consistency.
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื. ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช.
11:30
Very often, we are not consistent.
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื.
11:33
One regime goes out, another comes in
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ืžืฉื˜ืจ ืื—ื“ ื™ื•ืฆื, ืื—ืจ ืžื’ื™ืข
11:35
and they throw away even the functioning policies that were there before.
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ื•ื”ื ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ื”ื›ืœ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ื“ื”.
11:39
What does this do?
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ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื”?
11:40
It creates uncertainty for people, for households,
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืื™-ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื, ืœืžืฉืงื™ ื‘ื™ืช,
11:42
uncertainties for business.
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ืื™-ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืœืขืกืงื™ื.
11:44
They don't know whether and how to invest.
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ืื ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข.
11:46
Debt: we must manage the success we had in reducing our debt,
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ื—ื•ื‘: ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•,
11:51
but now countries are back to borrowing again,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช,
11:53
and we see our debt-to-GDP ratio beginning to creep up,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื—ืก ื—ื•ื‘ ืœืชืž"ื’ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื˜ืคืก,
11:57
and in certain countries,
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ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช,
11:58
debt is becoming a problem, so we have to avoid that.
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ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื–ื”.
12:01
So managing success.
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ืื– - ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
12:02
The next thing is focusing with a laser beam
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ืขื ืงืจืŸ ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ
12:05
on those things we did not do well.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
12:07
First and foremost is infrastructure.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืœ - ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช.
12:09
Yes, most countries now recognize they have to invest in this,
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ื›ืŸ, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื›ืš.
12:12
and they are trying to do the best they can to do that.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื ืกื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชืŸ ืœืฉื ื›ืš.
12:15
We must.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื.
12:16
The most important thing is power.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉืžืœ.
12:18
You cannot develop in the dark.
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื›ื”.
12:20
And then governance and corruption:
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ื•ืื– ืžืžืฉืœ ื•ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช:
12:22
we have to fight.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง.
12:24
We have to make our countries transparent.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืฉืงื•ืคื•ืช.
12:26
And above all, we have to engage our young people.
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ื•ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืจื‘ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
12:30
We have genius in our young people.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
12:32
I see it every day.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
12:34
It's what makes me wake up in the morning and feel ready to go.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ ืœืงื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
12:37
We have to unleash the genius of our young people,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
12:40
get out of their way, support them to create and innovate
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ืœื ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื”ื, ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืฉืœื”ื,
12:43
and lead the way.
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ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš.
12:44
And I know that they will lead us in the right direction.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
12:47
And our women, and our girls:
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•:
12:49
we have to recognize that girls and women are a gift.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืชื ื”.
12:52
They have strength,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื›ื•ื—,
12:54
and we have to unleash that strength
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื”
12:56
so that they can contribute to the continent.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื™ื‘ืฉืช.
12:59
I strongly believe that when we do all of these things,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืœื”ื˜ ืฉืื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
13:03
we find that the rising Africa narrative
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ื ื’ืœื” ืฉื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืขื•ืœื”
13:06
is not a fluke.
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ืื™ื ื• ืืจื•ืข ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™.
13:07
It's a trend.
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ื–ื• ืžื’ืžื”.
13:09
It's a trend, and if we continue, if we unleash our youth,
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ื–ื• ืžื’ืžื”, ื•ืื ื ืžืฉื™ืš, ืื ื ืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
13:13
if we unleash our women,
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ืื ื ืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
13:14
we may step backwards sometimes,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฆืขื“ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœืื—ื•ืจ,
13:16
we may even step sideways,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืฆืขื“ ื”ืฆื™ื“ื”,
13:18
but the trend is clear.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
13:20
Africa will continue to rise.
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ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืœื•ืช.
13:22
And I tell you businesspeople in the audience,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื›ื, ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืงื”ืœ,
13:26
investment in Africa is not for today, is not for tomorrow,
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ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœืžื—ืจ,
13:29
it's not a short-term thing, it's a longer term thing.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืงืฆืจ-ื˜ื•ื•ื—, ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:33
But if you are not invested in Africa,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ืœื ืžื•ืฉืงืขื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
13:35
then you will be missing
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ืืชื ืชืคืกื™ื“ื•
13:36
one of the most important emerging opportunities in the world.
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ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
13:41
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
13:42
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:51
Kelly Stoetzel: So you mentioned corruption in your talk,
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ืงืœื™ ืกื˜ื•ืฆืœ: ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœืš,
13:53
and you're known, well-known as a strong anticorruption fighter.
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ื•ืืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื›ืœื•ื—ืžืช ื ื—ื•ืฉื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช.
13:57
But that's had consequences.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ืš ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช.
14:00
People have fought back, and your mother was kidnapped.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ืžื• ื‘ืš ื—ื–ืจื”, ื•ืืžื ืฉืœืš ื ื—ื˜ืคื”.
14:02
How have you been handling this?
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ืื™ืš ืืช ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืขื ื–ื”?
14:05
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala: It's been very difficult.
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ื ื’ื•ื–ื™ ืื•ืงื•ื ื’'ื•-ืื™ื‘ื™ืœื”: ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“.
14:07
Thank you for mentioning the issue of the kidnap of my mother.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืช ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืืžื™.
14:11
It's a very difficult subject.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“.
14:14
But what it means is that when you fight corruption,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื” ืฉื›ืฉืืช ื ืœื—ืžืช ื‘ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช,
14:18
when you touch the pockets of people who are stealing money,
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ื›ืฉืืช ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื›ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ,
14:21
they don't just keep quiet.
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืงื˜.
14:23
They fight back, and the issue for you is when they try to intimidate you,
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ื”ื ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื—ื–ืจื”, ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ืš ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ื“ ืื•ืชืš,
14:27
do you give up, or do you fight on?
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ื”ืื ืืช ืžื•ื•ืชืจืช, ืื• ืฉืืช ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื?
14:30
Do you find a way to stay on and fight back?
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ื”ืื ืืช ืžื•ืฆืืช ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื—ื–ืจื”?
14:33
And the answer that I had with the teams I worked with
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™, ืขื ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืื™ืชื ืขื‘ื“ืชื™,
14:38
is we have to fight on.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื—ื–ืจื”.
14:40
We have to create those institutions.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
14:41
We have to find ways to stop these people
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืžื ืขื• ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”
14:45
from taking away the heritage of the future.
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ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
14:48
And so that's what we did.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•.
14:50
And even out of government, we continued to make that point.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืžืฉืœ, ื”ืžืฉื›ื ื• ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืงื• ื”ื–ื”.
14:53
In our countries, nobody, nobody is going to fight corruption
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืืฃ ืื—ื“, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ื•,
14:57
for us but us.
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ืืœื ืื ื—ื ื•.
14:59
And therefore, that comes with consequences,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช,
15:01
and we just have to do the best we can.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื•.
15:03
But I thank you and thank TED for giving us a voice
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื” ืœืš ื•ืžื•ื“ื” ืœ-TED ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื ืชืชื ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ
15:07
to say to those people, you will not win,
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ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”: ืืชื ืœื ืชื ืฆื—ื•.
15:10
and we will not be intimidated.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื™ืจืชืข.
15:12
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
15:13
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:15
Kelly Stoetzel: Thank you so much for your great talk and important work.
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ืงืœื™ ืกื˜ื•ืฆืœ: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื”ื ืคืœืื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœืš.
15:18
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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