Tom Shannon's gravity-defying sculpture

745,526 views ใƒป 2009-05-06

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Shahar Kaiser
00:12
This is a sculpture I made,
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ื–ื” ืคืกืœ ืฉื™ืฆืจืชื™,
00:14
which is a way of, kind of, freeing a form
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœ... ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ, ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืฆื•ืจื”
00:20
into an object that has different degrees of freedom.
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ืœืชื•ืš ืขืฆื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ.
00:25
So, it can balance on a point.
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ืื–, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื–ืŸ ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื”.
00:30
This is a bronze ball,
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ื–ื” ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื ื–ื”,
00:32
an aluminum arm here,
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ื–ืจื•ืข ืืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื ื›ืืŸ,
00:34
and then this wooden disk.
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ื•ืื– ื“ื™ืกืงื™ืช ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื–ื•.
00:37
And the wooden disk was really thought about
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ื•ืขืœ ื“ื™ืกืงื™ืช ื”ืขืฅ ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™
00:40
as something that you'd want to hold on to,
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ื›ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืชืจืฆื• ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื•,
00:42
and that would glide easily through your hands.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื’ืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื™ื“ื™ื›ื.
00:46
The aluminum is because it's very light.
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ื”ืืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืงืœ.
00:49
The bronze is nice hard, durable material
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ื”ื‘ืจื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื™ืคื”, ื—ื–ืง ื•ืขืžื™ื“
00:51
that could roll on the ground.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข.
00:53
Inside of the bronze ball
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื•ื ื–ื”
00:57
there's a lead weight
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืขื•ืคืจืช
00:59
that is free-swinging on an axle
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ืฉืžืชื ื“ื ื“ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจ
01:01
that's on two bearings
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ืฉื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืกื‘ื™ื
01:04
that pass in between, across it,
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื•ื“ืจื›ื•,
01:07
like this, that counterbalance this weight.
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ื›ื›ื”, ืฉืžืื–ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื–ื”.
01:10
So it allows it to roll.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ.
01:13
And the sphere has that balance property
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ื•ืœืกืคื™ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืืช ืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ
01:16
that it always sort of stays still
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ื›ืš ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื ืฉืืจืช ืœืœื ืชื ื•ืขื”
01:19
and looks the same from every direction.
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ื•ื ืจืื™ืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.
01:21
But if you put something on top of it,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฉืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื•
01:24
it disbalances it. And so it would tip over.
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ื™ื™ืื‘ื“ ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ. ื•ืื– ื–ื” ื™ืคื•ืœ.
01:27
But in this case because
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืคื ื™
01:29
the interior is free-swinging
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ืฉื”ืคื ื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื ื“
01:31
in relation to the sphere,
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ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืกืคื™ืจื”,
01:33
it can stand up on one point.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช.
01:36
And then there was a second level to this object,
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืจืžื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืœืขืฆื ื”ื–ื”,
01:41
which is that it --
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื–ื• --
01:43
I wanted it to convey some proportions that I was interested in,
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืŸ,
01:47
which is the diameter of the Moon
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ืฉื”ืŸ ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ืจื—
01:50
and the diameter of the Earth
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ื•ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
01:52
in proportion to each other.
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ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื™ื.
01:55
I was exploring, really early on,
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ื—ืงืจืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
01:59
wanting to make things float in the air.
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ื›ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืจื—ืฃ ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ.
02:01
And I thought up a lot of ideas.
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ื•ื”ืขืœืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
02:03
This is sculpture that I made that --
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ื–ื” ืคืกืœ ืฉื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืฉ --
02:08
it's magnetically levitated.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืจื—ืฃ ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช.
02:11
The thing is, is that it's slightly dangerous.
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื˜ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
02:13
Normally it's sort of cordoned off when it's in a museum.
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืงืฃ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื•ื–ืื•ืŸ.
02:16
But it's uh -- let's see if I can manipulate it a little bit
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื” -- ื”ื‘ื ื ืจืื” ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื• ืงืฆืช
02:20
without, um -- oops.
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ื‘ืœื™, ื”ืžืž -- ืื•ืคืก --
02:23
So this is just floating,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืจื—ืฃ,
02:26
floating on a permanent magnetic field,
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ืžืจื—ืฃ ืžืขืœ ืฉื“ื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืข,
02:29
which stabilizes it in all directions.
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ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื.
02:32
Except there is a slight tether here,
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ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืจื™ืกื•ืŸ ืงืœ,
02:34
which keeps it from going over the top of its field.
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ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื–ื•ื– ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื“ื”.
02:39
It's sort of surfing on a magnetic field
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ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฆืฃ ืขืœ ืฉื“ื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™
02:41
at the crest of a wave.
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ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ืœ.
02:43
And that's what supports the object and keeps it stable.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืื•ืชื•.
02:49
I think we could roll the tape, admin.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.
02:52
I have a sort of a collection of videos
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื•ืกืฃ ืกืจื˜ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•
02:55
that I took of different installations, which I could narrate.
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ืฉืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื”ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
02:58
This is a sculpture of the Sun
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ื–ื”ื• ืคืกืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ
03:01
and the Earth, in proportion.
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ื•ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื”.
03:03
Representing that eight and a half minutes
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ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื“ืงื•ืช
03:06
that it takes light and gravity to connect the two.
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ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืœืื•ืจ ื•ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื.
03:09
So here is the Earth. It's a little less than a millimeter
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ
03:13
that was turned of solid bronze.
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ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืžื‘ืจื•ื ื–ื”.
03:16
And here is a similar sculpture.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืคืกืœ ื“ื•ืžื”.
03:18
That's the Sun at that end.
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ื–ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ื”ื•ื.
03:20
And then in a series of 55 balls,
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ 55 ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื,
03:23
it reduces, proportionately -- each ball
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ื–ื” ืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ, ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช, ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ
03:25
and the spaces between them
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ื•ืืช ื”ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ื,
03:27
reduce proportionately,
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ืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช,
03:30
until they get down to this little Earth.
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
03:33
This is in a sculpture park in Taejon.
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ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืคืืจืง ืคืกืœื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื’'ื•ืŸ.
03:42
This one is about the Moon
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ื–ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื—.
03:45
and then the distance to the Earth, in proportion also.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื’ื ื‘ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื”.
03:50
This is a little stone ball, floating.
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ื–ื” ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืื‘ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืฆืฃ.
03:52
As you can see the little tether,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ,
03:54
that it's also magnetically levitated.
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ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžืจื—ืฃ ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช.
03:59
And then this is the first part of --
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ื•ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ --
04:02
this is 109 spheres,
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ืืœื• 109 ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช,
04:04
since the Sun is 109 times the diameter of the Earth.
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคื™ 109 ืžืงื•ื˜ืจ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
04:08
And so this is the size of the Sun.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื”ื• ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
04:10
And then each of these little spheres
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ื•ืื– ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
04:12
is the size of the Earth in proportion to the Sun.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื” ืœืฉืžืฉ.
04:16
It's made up of 16 concentric shells. Each one has 92 spheres.
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ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืž 16 ืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื ืฆื ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช. ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื™ืฉ 92 ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช.
04:20
This is in the courtyard of a twelfth-century alchemist.
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ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืืœื›ื™ืžืื™ ืžื”ืžืื” ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื-ืขืฉืจื”.
04:24
I was thinking that the Sun is kind of the ultimate alchemist. (Laughter)
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ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื›ื™ืžืื™ ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
04:34
So this, again, is on the subject --
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ืื– ื–ื”, ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ื ื•ืฉื --
04:37
a slice from the equator of the Earth.
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ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืงื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
04:39
And then the Moon in the center,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ืจื— ื‘ืžืจื›ื–.
04:41
and it's floating. And this is in France.
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ื•ื–ื” ืฆืฃ. ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืฆืจืคืช.
05:03
This is in Sapporo.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืกืืคื•ืจื•.
05:05
It's balancing on a shaft and a ball,
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื–ืŸ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื˜ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืจ,
05:08
right at the center of gravity, or just slightly above the center of gravity,
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ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื›ื•ื‘ื“, ืื• ืžืขื˜ ืžืขืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื›ื•ื‘ื“,
05:11
which means that the lower half of the object
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืคืฅ
05:15
is just a little bit more weighty.
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ื”ื•ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื‘ื“.
05:17
So you can see it rotating here.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื›ืืŸ.
05:19
It weighs about a ton or over a ton.
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ื–ื” ืฉื•ืงืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ื˜ื•ืŸ ืื• ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ื•ืŸ.
05:21
It's made of stainless steel, quite thick.
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ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืคืœื“ืช ืืœ-ื—ืœื“, ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื”.
05:23
But it's being balanced like that in equilibrium.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื–ืŸ ื›ืš ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ.
05:25
It's susceptible to motion by the air currents.
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ื”ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืจืžื™ ืื•ื™ืจ.
05:32
This is another species of work that I do.
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ื”ื ื” ื–ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”.
05:35
These are these arrays. These spheres are all suspended,
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช.
05:38
but they have magnets horizontally in them
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื ืื•ืคืงื™ื™ื
05:40
that make them all like compasses.
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ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืžืขื™ืŸ ืžืฆืคื ื™ื.
05:42
So all the red sides, for example, face one direction: south.
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ืื– ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“: ื“ืจื•ื.
05:47
And the blue side, the compliment, faces the other way.
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ื•ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ื”ืžืฉืœื™ื, ืคื•ื ื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
05:50
So as you turn around you're seeing different colors.
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ืื– ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
05:53
This is based on the structure of a diamond.
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ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื™ื”ืœื•ื.
05:56
It was a diamond cell structure
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื ื™ื”ืœื•ื
05:58
was the point of departure.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื”.
06:00
And then there were kind of large spaces in the hollows
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ืœืœื™ื
06:04
between the atoms.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื.
06:06
And so I placed one more element of each one of them.
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ืื– ื”ื•ืกืคืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ืืœืžื ื˜ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื.
06:10
These were white spheres.
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ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช.
06:12
Then I had video projectors
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืžืงืจื ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•
06:14
that were projecting intermittently onto the spheres.
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ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื ื• ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช.
06:17
So they would catch parts of the images,
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ืื– ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืคืกื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช,
06:19
and make sort of three-dimensional color volumes,
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืข,
06:23
as you walk through it, through the object.
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ื–ื”, ื“ืจืš ื”ืขืฆื.
06:29
This is something I did
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™
06:31
of a tactile communication system.
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ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืœื™ืช.
06:34
It was the idea of isolating the tactile component of sculpture,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกืœ,
06:37
and then putting it into a communication system.
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ื•ืื– ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
06:41
This is an idea of moving a sculpture, a ball,
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ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืคืกืœ, ื›ื“ื•ืจ,
06:44
that would be directed around the room
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื“ืจ
06:46
by a computer.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘.
06:48
This is a clock I designed.
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ื–ื” ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืฉืชื›ื ื ืชื™.
06:50
It has Buckminster Fuller's Dymaxion Map edited here.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ืžืคืช ื“ื™ืžืงืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืžื™ื ืกื˜ืจ ืคื•ืœืจ ืขืจื•ื›ื” ืคื”.
06:54
It turns once per day in synchrony with the Earth.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืคืขื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
06:59
And then, this is like
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ื•ืื–, ื–ื” ื›ืžื•
07:04
projects that are harder to build.
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ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช.
07:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:08
This has a diamond-bottomed lake.
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ืœื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื’ื ืขื ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื™ื”ืœื•ื.
07:11
So it's a floating island
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ืื– ื–ื” ืื™ ืฆืฃ
07:13
with water, fresh water,
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ืขื ืžื™ื, ืžื™ื ื–ื›ื™ื,
07:15
that can fly from place to place.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื•ืฃ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื.
07:17
This would be grown, I suppose,
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ื–ื” ื™ื’ื•ื“ืœ, ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—,
07:19
with nanotechnology in the future sometime.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ืžืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื.
07:23
In the course of doing my work
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™
07:26
I sort of have a broad range of interests.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื.
07:30
And some of it is just the idea of creating media --
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ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื” --
07:34
media as a sculpture,
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ืžื“ื™ื” ื›ืคืกืœ,
07:36
something that would keep the sculpture
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืกืœ
07:39
fresh and ever-changing,
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ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืฉืชื ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
07:42
by just creating the media that the sculpture is made of.
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ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžืžื ื” ื”ืคืกืœ ืขืฉื•ื™.
07:46
And I had a lot of --
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” --
07:49
always interested in the concept of a crystal ball.
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ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—.
07:53
And the idea that you could see things
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
07:56
inside of a crystal ball and predict the future --
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืœื— ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ --
07:59
or a television set, where it's sort of like a magic box
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ืื• ืžืงืœื˜ ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื™ื‘ืช ืงืกื
08:02
where anything can appear.
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ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข.
08:04
I had thought about, a long time ago,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ,
08:09
in the late '60s -- when I was just starting out,
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉืจืง ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™,
08:13
I was under the influence of thinking about Buckminster Fuller's
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืชื—ืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืขื ืง
08:16
grand project for an electric globe
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ืฉืœ ื‘ืืงืžื™ื ืกื˜ืจ ืคื•ืœืจ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœื™
08:20
across from the United Nations --
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ืžื•ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช --
08:22
and other things that were happening,
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืงืจื•,
08:25
the space program at that time,
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
08:27
and Whole Earth Catalog, things like that.
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ื•ืงื˜ืœื•ื’ ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
08:30
I was thinking about mass produced spherical television sets
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™
08:34
that could be linked to orbiting camera satellites.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืฉืจื•ืช ืœืœื•ื™ื™ื ื™ ืฆื™ืœื•ื.
08:38
So if we could roll the next film here.
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ืื– ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื‘ื ืคื”.
08:43
This has evolved over the years
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ื–ื” ื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื
08:45
in a lot of different iterations.
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ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
08:47
But this the current version of it,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”,
08:49
is a flying airship
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ื–ื• ืกืคื™ื ืช ืื•ื™ืจ ืžืขื•ืคืคืช
08:51
that is about 35 meters in diameter,
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ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ 35 ืžื˜ืจ,
08:55
about 110 feet in diameter.
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ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ 110 ืจื’ืœ.
08:57
The whole surface of it is covered with 60 million diodes,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœื” ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘60 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื“ื•ืช,
09:00
red, blue, and green,
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ืื“ื•ื, ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื™ืจื•ืง,
09:02
that allow you to have a high-resolution picture, visible in daylight.
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืฉื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื.
09:06
I came with a plan.
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ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
09:08
I brought it to Paul MacCready's company AeroVironment
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ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœ ืžืง'ืงืจื™ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืžื ื˜
09:12
to do a feasibility study,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืช,
09:14
and they analyzed it,
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”,
09:16
and came up with a lot of innovative ideas about how to propel it.
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ื•ื”ืขืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื”.
09:19
So we have a physical plan of how to make this actually happen.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื™ืกื™ืช ืื™ืš ืžืžืฉ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช.
09:23
This is the control room inside of the ship.
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ื–ื” ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”.
09:28
The idea of this air genie is,
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื“ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
09:30
it's something that can just transform and become anything.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
09:33
It's like a traveling show.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื ื•ื“ื“ืช.
09:35
It has speakers on it. And it has cameras
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ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื” ืจืžืงื•ืœื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช
09:38
over the surface of it.
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ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœื”.
09:41
So it can see its environment,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”,
09:43
and then it can mimic its environment and disappear.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœื”ืขืœื.
09:46
Here the legs are retracting.
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ื›ืืŸ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืžืชื›ื ืกื•ืช.
09:48
The cabin is open or closed, as you like.
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ื”ืงื‘ื™ื ื” ืคืชื•ื—ื” ืื• ืกื’ื•ืจื”, ืื™ืš ืฉืชืจืฆื•.
09:51
It weighs about 20 tons.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืงืœืช ื›-20 ื˜ื•ืŸ.
09:54
It has on-board generators.
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ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื’ื ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ื.
09:56
It can generate about a million kilowatts,
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืจืš ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงื™ืœื•-ื•ืื˜,
09:58
in order to be bright enough
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ืžืกืคื™ืง
10:01
to be visible in daylight.
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ืฉื™ืจืื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื.
10:03
The idea of it is to make a kind of a traveling show.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื ื™ื™ื“ืช.
10:06
It really would be dedicated to the arts and to interacting.
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ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉืช ื‘ืืžืช ืœืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื”.
10:11
There would be on board a crew of artists, musicians,
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื ื™ื, ืžื•ืกื™ืงืื™ื.
10:15
that would allow the thing to become
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ื–ื” ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
10:17
actually kind of a conscious object
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขืฆื ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ื“ืขื”
10:19
that would respond to the moment,
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ืฉื™ื’ื™ื‘ ืœืจื’ืข,
10:22
and to interact as an entity
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ื•ื™ื’ื™ื‘ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืช
10:24
that was aware, that could communicate.
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ืฉืžื•ื“ืขืช, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืงืฉืจ.
10:27
It's completely silent and nonpolluting.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืงื˜ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžื–ื”ืžืช.
10:30
It has electric motors with a novel propulsion system.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช.
10:34
It could be interacted with large crowds in different ways.
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืงื”ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
10:38
Primarily I would be interested in
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืื ื™ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
10:40
how it would interact with, say,
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ื‘ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืชืชืงืฉืจ ืขื, ื ื’ื™ื“,
10:42
going to a college campus,
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ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื” ืœืงืžืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื’',
10:44
and then being used as a way of talking about the earth sciences,
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ืจืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื“ืขื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
10:47
the world, the situation of the globe.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ.
10:50
The default image on the object
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ืชืžื•ื ืช ื‘ืจืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืขืœื™ื”
10:52
would probably be a high-resolution Earth image.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
10:56
But then one could interact with that
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืื™ืชื”,
10:59
and show plate tectonics or global warming issues, or migrations --
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ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืงืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช, ืื• ื ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช --
11:03
all of the things that we're concerned with today.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื“ืื™ื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
11:06
And then at night the idea is that
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื
11:09
it would be used as kind of a rave situation,
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ืฉื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื” ื›ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืจื™ื™ื‘,
11:12
where the people could cut loose,
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ืฉื ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ,
11:14
and the music and the lights, and everything.
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ื›ืœ.
11:18
So it could land in a park, for example.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืคืืจืง, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
11:20
Or this could represent a college green.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ "ื”ื™ืจื•ืง" ื‘ืงื•ืœื’'.
11:23
And then it would have a corresponding website
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ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืกืคื™ื ื” ืืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืชื•ืื
11:26
that would show the itinerary of this.
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ืฉื™ืจืื” ืืช ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื”.
11:28
And so interacting with the same kind of imagery.
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ื•ืื– ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
11:31
It would also be able to be an open code,
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—,
11:35
so people could interact with it.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืื™ืชื”.
11:37
It would be forum for people's ideas about
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืจื•ื ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ
11:40
what they would like to see on a giant screen of this type.
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ืžื” ื”ื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืกืš ืขื ืง ืžืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื”.
11:43
So that's pretty much it.
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:46
Okay. Thank you.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™. ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
11:48
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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