Tom Shannon's gravity-defying sculpture

745,389 views ・ 2009-05-06

TED


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譯者: Shelley Krishna Tsang 審譯者: Joyce Chou
00:12
This is a sculpture I made,
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這是我做的一個雕塑,
00:14
which is a way of, kind of, freeing a form
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算是將一個具有不同程度自由的物體
00:20
into an object that has different degrees of freedom.
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從一種形態解放的一種方式吧。
00:25
So, it can balance on a point.
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因此,它能在一點上達到平衡。
00:30
This is a bronze ball,
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這是個銅球,
00:32
an aluminum arm here,
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這個是鋁製手臂,
00:34
and then this wooden disk.
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還有這個木制盤子。
00:37
And the wooden disk was really thought about
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這個木盤子是為了讓你
00:40
as something that you'd want to hold on to,
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可以抓住什麼而設計的,
00:42
and that would glide easily through your hands.
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這樣你可以容易地徒手轉動它。
00:46
The aluminum is because it's very light.
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用鋁是因為它很輕。
00:49
The bronze is nice hard, durable material
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銅是因為它夠硬、耐用,
00:51
that could roll on the ground.
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它可以在地上滾動。
00:53
Inside of the bronze ball
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銅球的內部
00:57
there's a lead weight
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有個鉛塊,
00:59
that is free-swinging on an axle
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繞著一個軸心作自由擺動,
01:01
that's on two bearings
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軸心就在兩個軸承
01:04
that pass in between, across it,
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之間移動, 像這個樣子,
01:07
like this, that counterbalance this weight.
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就抵消了這個重量。
01:10
So it allows it to roll.
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這樣球就可以滾動。
01:13
And the sphere has that balance property
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這樣球就可以保持平衡,
01:16
that it always sort of stays still
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這個它可以總是保持不動,
01:19
and looks the same from every direction.
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從各種角度看都一樣。
01:21
But if you put something on top of it,
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但當你在頂部放個東西,
01:24
it disbalances it. And so it would tip over.
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就打破了這種平衡。它就會翻過來。
01:27
But in this case because
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這時,因為
01:29
the interior is free-swinging
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它的內部是
01:31
in relation to the sphere,
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可以自由擺動的,
01:33
it can stand up on one point.
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它也可以站穩。
01:36
And then there was a second level to this object,
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這個模型的第二個層面
01:41
which is that it --
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就是 --
01:43
I wanted it to convey some proportions that I was interested in,
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我想加入一些我有興趣的比例,
01:47
which is the diameter of the Moon
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我把月亮直徑
01:50
and the diameter of the Earth
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和地球直徑
01:52
in proportion to each other.
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按比例運用到其中。
01:55
I was exploring, really early on,
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早期我探究的是,
01:59
wanting to make things float in the air.
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讓物體浮在空中。
02:01
And I thought up a lot of ideas.
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我想出了很多點子。
02:03
This is sculpture that I made that --
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這是我做的一個模型 --
02:08
it's magnetically levitated.
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這是磁浮的。
02:11
The thing is, is that it's slightly dangerous.
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這個東西,有點點危險。
02:13
Normally it's sort of cordoned off when it's in a museum.
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一般情況下,在博物館裏都是放在封閉的展櫃中。
02:16
But it's uh -- let's see if I can manipulate it a little bit
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但是,唔 -- 我們來看看我能否來操縱它,
02:20
without, um -- oops.
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就一點點 -- 哦 --
02:23
So this is just floating,
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只是懸浮著,
02:26
floating on a permanent magnetic field,
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懸浮在永久磁場中,
02:29
which stabilizes it in all directions.
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在任何方向都是穩定的。
02:32
Except there is a slight tether here,
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除了這裏有一小條繩繫在這裡,
02:34
which keeps it from going over the top of its field.
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確保它不會偏離磁場。
02:39
It's sort of surfing on a magnetic field
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這就好像在
02:41
at the crest of a wave.
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磁場上衝浪。
02:43
And that's what supports the object and keeps it stable.
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支援著物體保持穩定。
02:49
I think we could roll the tape, admin.
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管理人員,我想我們可以播放影片了。
02:52
I have a sort of a collection of videos
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我這裏有幾個不同的模型的錄影,
02:55
that I took of different installations, which I could narrate.
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我可以給大家講解。
02:58
This is a sculpture of the Sun
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這個是太陽
03:01
and the Earth, in proportion.
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和地球的模型,按照真實比例做的。
03:03
Representing that eight and a half minutes
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光和重力把他們連接起來
03:06
that it takes light and gravity to connect the two.
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要八分半鐘的時間。
03:09
So here is the Earth. It's a little less than a millimeter
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這個是地球。比一毫米少一點點,
03:13
that was turned of solid bronze.
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是銅制的。
03:16
And here is a similar sculpture.
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這是個類似的雕塑。
03:18
That's the Sun at that end.
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末端是太陽。
03:20
And then in a series of 55 balls,
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然後是一系列的55個球,
03:23
it reduces, proportionately -- each ball
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每個球都按一定比例縮小,
03:25
and the spaces between them
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每個球和其之間的距離
03:27
reduce proportionately,
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也按比例縮小,
03:30
until they get down to this little Earth.
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直到最後這個小小的地球。
03:33
This is in a sculpture park in Taejon.
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這在韓國大田的一座雕塑公園中展出。
03:42
This one is about the Moon
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這個關於月亮的。
03:45
and then the distance to the Earth, in proportion also.
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然後這是到地球的距離,也是按比例的。
03:50
This is a little stone ball, floating.
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這是個小石球,懸浮著。
03:52
As you can see the little tether,
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你可以看見這個小鎖鏈,
03:54
that it's also magnetically levitated.
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也是磁浮的。
03:59
And then this is the first part of --
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這個是第一部分 --
04:02
this is 109 spheres,
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這是109個圓球,
04:04
since the Sun is 109 times the diameter of the Earth.
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因為太陽比地球的直徑大109倍。
04:08
And so this is the size of the Sun.
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這是太陽的大小。
04:10
And then each of these little spheres
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剩下的每一個球
04:12
is the size of the Earth in proportion to the Sun.
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都是同太陽的大小成比例的地球。
04:16
It's made up of 16 concentric shells. Each one has 92 spheres.
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這由16個同心殼組成。每個有92個球。
04:20
This is in the courtyard of a twelfth-century alchemist.
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這是在一個12世紀的煉金術士的庭院。
04:24
I was thinking that the Sun is kind of the ultimate alchemist. (Laughter)
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我覺得太陽好似個終極煉金術士。
04:34
So this, again, is on the subject --
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好,回到這個話題上來 --
04:37
a slice from the equator of the Earth.
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這個代表地球的赤道。
04:39
And then the Moon in the center,
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月亮在中心。
04:41
and it's floating. And this is in France.
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懸浮著。這是在法國。
05:03
This is in Sapporo.
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這時在日本札幌。
05:05
It's balancing on a shaft and a ball,
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這在一根箭杆和一個圓球上保持著平衡,
05:08
right at the center of gravity, or just slightly above the center of gravity,
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就在重心處,或者說,重心上方一點點,
05:11
which means that the lower half of the object
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這意味著物體下半部
05:15
is just a little bit more weighty.
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比上半部重一點點。
05:17
So you can see it rotating here.
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你可以看到它在這裏旋轉。
05:19
It weighs about a ton or over a ton.
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它大概重一噸,或者比一噸多點。
05:21
It's made of stainless steel, quite thick.
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它是不銹鋼做的,很厚。
05:23
But it's being balanced like that in equilibrium.
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但是它在一點上很平衡。
05:25
It's susceptible to motion by the air currents.
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它會隨著氣流而運動。
05:32
This is another species of work that I do.
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這是我做的另一組作品。
05:35
These are these arrays. These spheres are all suspended,
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這些是箭頭。這些箭頭都是懸掛著的。
05:38
but they have magnets horizontally in them
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它們都具有水平的磁性,
05:40
that make them all like compasses.
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這樣它們就像指南針一樣。
05:42
So all the red sides, for example, face one direction: south.
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所有的紅色端,比如,都指向一個方向:南方。
05:47
And the blue side, the compliment, faces the other way.
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所有的藍色方向,相反地,指向另一個方向。
05:50
So as you turn around you're seeing different colors.
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你四周轉轉就會看到不同的顏色。
05:53
This is based on the structure of a diamond.
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這個是建立在鑽石結構的基礎上。
05:56
It was a diamond cell structure
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以鑽石晶體結構
05:58
was the point of departure.
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作為出發點。
06:00
And then there were kind of large spaces in the hollows
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在原子之間的空隙,
06:04
between the atoms.
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存在很大的空間。
06:06
And so I placed one more element of each one of them.
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所以我在它們之間多放了一個元素。
06:10
These were white spheres.
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這些白色的圓球。
06:12
Then I had video projectors
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然後我用投影機
06:14
that were projecting intermittently onto the spheres.
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間歇性地投影到圓球上。
06:17
So they would catch parts of the images,
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這樣就有了部分影像,
06:19
and make sort of three-dimensional color volumes,
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也就形成了看似立體的彩色圓柱,
06:23
as you walk through it, through the object.
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就像你穿過這個物體的時候。
06:29
This is something I did
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這是我
06:31
of a tactile communication system.
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為觸感溝通系統所做的。
06:34
It was the idea of isolating the tactile component of sculpture,
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這個想法是分離出模型的觸感部分,
06:37
and then putting it into a communication system.
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然後將其運用到通信系統中。
06:41
This is an idea of moving a sculpture, a ball,
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這個關於移動雕塑的想法,移動球體,
06:44
that would be directed around the room
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是用電腦來發出指令,
06:46
by a computer.
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移動房間內的雕塑。
06:48
This is a clock I designed.
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這是我設計的時鐘。
06:50
It has Buckminster Fuller's Dymaxion Map edited here.
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用巴克敏斯特•富勒(Buckminster Fuller)的多面體圖做背景。
06:54
It turns once per day in synchrony with the Earth.
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每天轉動一次,與地球同步。
06:59
And then, this is like
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這是個
07:04
projects that are harder to build.
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很難製作的工程。
07:07
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
07:08
This has a diamond-bottomed lake.
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這是個有著鑽石為底的湖。
07:11
So it's a floating island
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上面懸浮著一個島,
07:13
with water, fresh water,
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有水,淡水,
07:15
that can fly from place to place.
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可以從一個地方飛到另一個地方。
07:17
This would be grown, I suppose,
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等將來有了奈米技術,
07:19
with nanotechnology in the future sometime.
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我想這個計畫還會再擴展。
07:23
In the course of doing my work
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工作讓我擁有
07:26
I sort of have a broad range of interests.
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廣泛的興趣。
07:30
And some of it is just the idea of creating media --
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其中一些僅僅是創造媒介的想法 --
07:34
media as a sculpture,
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作為雕塑的媒介,
07:36
something that would keep the sculpture
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只需要改變組成雕塑的媒介,
07:39
fresh and ever-changing,
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就可以改變雕塑本身,
07:42
by just creating the media that the sculpture is made of.
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使之鮮活,千變萬化。
07:46
And I had a lot of --
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我對於 --
07:49
always interested in the concept of a crystal ball.
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水晶球的概念特別感興趣。
07:53
And the idea that you could see things
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還有那個你能通過觀察水晶球的內部
07:56
inside of a crystal ball and predict the future --
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來預測未來的意念 --
07:59
or a television set, where it's sort of like a magic box
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或者是電視機,電視機也算是一個魔術盒,
08:02
where anything can appear.
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任何東西都能夠出現。
08:04
I had thought about, a long time ago,
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我想過,很久以前,
08:09
in the late '60s -- when I was just starting out,
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在60年代後期,我剛剛起步的時候,
08:13
I was under the influence of thinking about Buckminster Fuller's
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我受到巴克敏斯特•富勒(Buckminster Fuller)的影響,
08:16
grand project for an electric globe
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他那個橫跨聯合國的
08:20
across from the United Nations --
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電子球大計劃 --
08:22
and other things that were happening,
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還有其他當時正在發生的事情,
08:25
the space program at that time,
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那個時候的太空計畫,
08:27
and Whole Earth Catalog, things like that.
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和全球概覽(Whole Earth Catalog),一類的事情。
08:30
I was thinking about mass produced spherical television sets
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我也想到過大量生產的球形電視機
08:34
that could be linked to orbiting camera satellites.
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可以和軌道衛星相機相連。
08:38
So if we could roll the next film here.
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所以我們可以看下一個片子。
08:43
This has evolved over the years
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這是經過數年的演變,
08:45
in a lot of different iterations.
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多次不同的疊加。
08:47
But this the current version of it,
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但這是最近的模型,
08:49
is a flying airship
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一個直徑大概有35米的
08:51
that is about 35 meters in diameter,
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的飛船,
08:55
about 110 feet in diameter.
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也就是110英尺直徑的飛船。
08:57
The whole surface of it is covered with 60 million diodes,
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它的整個表面覆蓋著六千萬個二極體,
09:00
red, blue, and green,
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紅色的、藍色的和綠色的,
09:02
that allow you to have a high-resolution picture, visible in daylight.
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讓你有高解析度的畫面,白天也看得見。
09:06
I came with a plan.
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我想出了一個計劃。
09:08
I brought it to Paul MacCready's company AeroVironment
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我把它帶到了 Paul MacCready的公司 AeroVironment
09:12
to do a feasibility study,
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做可行性的研究,
09:14
and they analyzed it,
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他們分析了這個飛船,
09:16
and came up with a lot of innovative ideas about how to propel it.
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想出了很多如何推進它的創新的點子。
09:19
So we have a physical plan of how to make this actually happen.
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現在我們有了一個讓它實現的計畫。
09:23
This is the control room inside of the ship.
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這是飛船內部的控制室。
09:28
The idea of this air genie is,
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這個在天空飛的天才的點子,
09:30
it's something that can just transform and become anything.
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就是能夠轉變成其他任何東西。
09:33
It's like a traveling show.
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就像是巡迴演出的節目。
09:35
It has speakers on it. And it has cameras
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它有麥克風。它的表面
09:38
over the surface of it.
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有鏡頭。
09:41
So it can see its environment,
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所以它可以看見它所處的環境,
09:43
and then it can mimic its environment and disappear.
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然後能夠模仿它的環境從而變為消失。
09:46
Here the legs are retracting.
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它的支撐架可以收起來。
09:48
The cabin is open or closed, as you like.
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船艙可以隨你喜好開或關。
09:51
It weighs about 20 tons.
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它大概重20噸。
09:54
It has on-board generators.
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它有自己的發電機。
09:56
It can generate about a million kilowatts,
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能夠發出大約1百萬千瓦的電力,
09:58
in order to be bright enough
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足夠亮得讓你
10:01
to be visible in daylight.
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在白天也能看得見。
10:03
The idea of it is to make a kind of a traveling show.
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這個點子是做個好像旅遊的節目。
10:06
It really would be dedicated to the arts and to interacting.
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它真的可以用於藝術和互動。
10:11
There would be on board a crew of artists, musicians,
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船員可以是藝術家們、音樂家們。
10:15
that would allow the thing to become
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這樣飛船就
10:17
actually kind of a conscious object
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實際上成為了
10:19
that would respond to the moment,
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能夠回應思想的物體,
10:22
and to interact as an entity
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並作為一個團體
10:24
that was aware, that could communicate.
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跟外界互動交流。
10:27
It's completely silent and nonpolluting.
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這幾乎沒有噪音也不污染環境。
10:30
It has electric motors with a novel propulsion system.
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它具有電動馬達和新型推進系統。
10:34
It could be interacted with large crowds in different ways.
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可以用不同的方式同大眾交流。
10:38
Primarily I would be interested in
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我主要的感興趣的是,
10:40
how it would interact with, say,
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它如何交流,比如說,
10:42
going to a college campus,
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進入大學校區,
10:44
and then being used as a way of talking about the earth sciences,
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或用於研究地球科學,
10:47
the world, the situation of the globe.
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世界的局勢。
10:50
The default image on the object
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物體上的默認圖片
10:52
would probably be a high-resolution Earth image.
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大概是高品質的地球圖片。
10:56
But then one could interact with that
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但是它可以通過互動,
10:59
and show plate tectonics or global warming issues, or migrations --
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顯示板塊構造或者溫室效應,或者遷徙 --
11:03
all of the things that we're concerned with today.
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關於我們現在所關心的所有問題。
11:06
And then at night the idea is that
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晚上的時候,
11:09
it would be used as kind of a rave situation,
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它用來做銳舞派對,
11:12
where the people could cut loose,
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人們可以放鬆下來,
11:14
and the music and the lights, and everything.
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聽聽音樂,欣賞燈光,做任何事。
11:18
So it could land in a park, for example.
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比如說,它在一個公園著陸。
11:20
Or this could represent a college green.
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或者可以代表大學城。
11:23
And then it would have a corresponding website
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它還有個聯絡的網站
11:26
that would show the itinerary of this.
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說明它的行程。
11:28
And so interacting with the same kind of imagery.
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還有同樣類型的圖片隨之互動。
11:31
It would also be able to be an open code,
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它還能夠有開放代碼,
11:35
so people could interact with it.
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這樣人們也可以與之交流。
11:37
It would be forum for people's ideas about
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它會成為人們想法的論壇,
11:40
what they would like to see on a giant screen of this type.
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討論人們希望在這個巨大的螢幕上看到什麼。
11:43
So that's pretty much it.
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大概就是這樣子吧。
11:46
Okay. Thank you.
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好了。謝謝大家。
11:48
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
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