How we're using drones to deliver blood and save lives | Keller Rinaudo

151,520 views ใƒป 2017-12-18

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Mark Hafter ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
Most people think
0
12857
2682
ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
00:17
that new technology or advanced technology can never start in Africa.
1
17469
3759
ืฉื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
00:22
Instead, they think that the best way to help the continent advance
2
22149
3704
ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืฉืช ืœื”ืชืงื“ื
00:25
is by providing aid or services
3
25877
2572
ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœืชืช ืกื™ื•ืข ืื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื
00:28
that the continent can't provide for itself.
4
28473
2650
ืฉื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืกืคืง ืœืขืฆืžื”.
00:31
So while we see advanced technology like robotics
5
31864
3329
ืื– ื›ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”
00:35
and artificial intelligence
6
35217
1343
ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช
00:36
growing exponentially in the developed world,
7
36584
2808
ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—,
00:39
those same people are worried
8
39416
1558
ืื•ืชื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื
00:40
that a technologically backward Africa is falling behind.
9
40998
3107
ืฉืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื ื—ืฉืœืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืฉืชืจื›ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจ.
00:45
That attitude couldn't be more wrong.
10
45190
2810
ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
00:49
I'm a robotics entrepreneur who's spent a lot of time here in Africa.
11
49585
3420
ืื ื™ ื™ื–ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืžื‘ืœื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืคื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
00:53
And in 2014 we created Zipline,
12
53433
4320
ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื”ืงืžื ื• ืืช "ื–ื™ืคืœื™ื™ืŸ"
00:57
which is a company that uses electric autonomous aircraft
13
57777
4105
ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืก ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื
01:01
to deliver medicine to hospitals and health centers on demand.
14
61906
3652
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื”.
01:05
Last year, we launched the world's first automated delivery system
15
65582
4171
ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื”ืฉืงื ื• ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
01:09
operating at national scale.
16
69777
1682
ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื“ืจื’ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.
01:11
And guess what?
17
71928
1234
ื•ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื”?
01:13
We did not do that in the US,
18
73692
2375
ืœื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
01:16
we didn't do it in Japan,
19
76661
1446
ืœื ื‘ื™ืคืŸ
01:18
and we didn't do it in Europe.
20
78131
1505
ื•ืœื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
01:20
It was actually President Paul Kagame
21
80035
3223
ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืœ ืงืื’ืžื”
01:23
and the Rwandan Ministry of Health
22
83282
2792
ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืื ื“ื™
01:26
that made a big bet on the potential of this technology
23
86098
3346
ืฉืฉืžื• ื”ื™ืžื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•
01:29
and signed a commercial contract
24
89468
1680
ื•ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžืกื—ืจื™
01:31
to deliver a majority of the country's blood on demand.
25
91172
3934
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื”.
01:35
(Applause)
26
95695
2659
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:41
Yeah, they deserve the applause.
27
101395
1951
ื›ืŸ, ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื.
01:44
So why is blood important?
28
104780
1776
ืื– ืœืžื” ื“ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘?
01:46
Rwanda collects between 60- and 80,000 units of blood a year.
29
106580
3883
ืจื•ืื ื“ื” ืื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื™ืŸ 60- ืœ80,000 ืžื ื•ืช ื“ื ื‘ืฉื ื”.
01:50
So this is a product that when you need it,
30
110487
2000
ืื– ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื›ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื•
01:52
you really, really need it.
31
112511
1613
ื‘ืืžืช ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
01:54
But blood is also challenging,
32
114668
2151
ืื‘ืœ ื“ื ื’ื ืžืืชื’ืจ,
01:56
because it has a very short shelf life,
33
116843
2664
ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ ืžื“ืฃ ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฆืจื™ื,
01:59
there are lots of different storage requirements,
34
119531
2646
ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืœืœื™ ืื›ืกื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
02:02
and it's really hard to predict the demand
35
122201
2360
ื•ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ
02:04
for all of these different blood groups
36
124585
1922
ืœื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
02:06
before a patient actually needs something.
37
126531
2250
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
02:09
But the cool thing is that using this technology,
38
129477
2528
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช
02:12
Rwanda has been able to keep more blood centralized
39
132029
3532
ืจื•ืื ื“ื” ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช
02:15
and then provide it when a patient needs something
40
135585
2711
ื•ืื– ืœืชืช ืื•ืชื• ื›ืฉืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
02:18
to any hospital or health center in an average of just 20 or 30 minutes.
41
138320
4234
ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืชื•ืš 20 ืื• 30 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข.
02:23
Do you guys want to see how it works?
42
143032
1807
ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“?
02:24
(Audience) Yes.
43
144863
1155
(ืงื”ืœ) ื›ืŸ.
02:26
All right. Nobody believes me, so ... better to show.
44
146042
2919
ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืœื™, ืื–... ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช.
02:28
This is our distribution center,
45
148985
1524
ื–ื” ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ืฉืœื ื•,
02:30
which is about 20 kilometers outside of Kigali.
46
150533
3783
ื‘ืขืจืš 20 ืงืž' ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ ืงื™ื’ืืœื™.
02:34
This actually used to be a cornfield nine months ago,
47
154340
2948
ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ืฉื“ื” ืชื™ืจืก ืœืคื ื™ 9 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
02:37
and with the Rwandan government,
48
157312
1525
ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืจื•ืื ื“ื”,
02:38
we leveled it and built this center in a couple weeks.
49
158861
2714
ืคืœืกื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื”.
02:41
So when a patient is having an emergency,
50
161599
2356
ืื– ื›ืฉืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื™ืจื•ื,
02:43
a doctor or a nurse at that hospital can send us a WhatsApp,
51
163979
3320
ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ื•ื•ืืฆืืค
02:47
telling us what they need.
52
167323
1641
ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ื• ืžื” ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
02:48
And then our team will immediately spring into action.
53
168988
2765
ื•ืฆื•ื•ืชื ื• ืžื™ื“ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืคืขื•ืœื”.
02:51
We pull the blood from our stock,
54
171777
1678
ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื ืžื”ืžืœืื™,
02:53
which is delivered from the National Center for Blood Transfusion;
55
173479
3191
ืฉื ืฉืœื— ืžื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืขื™ืจื•ื™ื™ ื“ื.
02:56
we scan the blood into our system
56
176694
1838
ืกื•ืจืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื ื•
02:58
so the Ministry of Health knows where the blood is going;
57
178556
3093
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื”,
03:01
and then we'll basically pack it into a Zip,
58
181673
2259
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืจื–ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืชื•ืš "ื–ื™ืค"
03:03
which is what we call these little autonomous airplanes
59
183956
2720
ืฉื›ื›ื” ื ืงืจืื™ื ื”ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
03:06
that run on batteries.
60
186700
1311
ืฉืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ืจื™ื
03:08
And then once that Zip is ready to go,
61
188035
2015
ื•ื›ืฉื” ื”"ื–ื™ืค" ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื™ืื”,
03:10
we accelerate it from zero to 100 kilometers an hour
62
190074
3207
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื™ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืž-0 ืœ-100 ืงืž"ืฉ
03:13
in about half of a second.
63
193305
1460
ืชื•ืš ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
03:18
(Audience) Whoa!
64
198711
1157
(ืงื”ืœ) ื•ื•ืื•!
03:19
And from the moment it leaves the end of the launcher,
65
199892
2684
ื•ืžืื•ืชื• ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืžืฉื’ืจ,
03:22
it's completely autonomous.
66
202600
1376
ื”ื•ื ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
03:24
(Video: Air traffic controller directs traffic)
67
204000
2862
(ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ: ืคืงื— ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื ื•ืขื”)
03:26
This is our air traffic controller calling it in
68
206886
2379
ื”ื ื” ืคืงื— ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืจื•ืฉื ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก
03:29
to Kigali International Airport.
69
209289
1842
ืืฆืœ ื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืงื™ื’ืืœื™.
03:31
And when the Zip arrives at the hospital,
70
211155
1953
ื•ื›ืฉื”"ื–ื™ืค" ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
03:33
it descends to about 30 feet and drops the package.
71
213132
2724
ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” 9 ืž' ื•ืžืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื”.
03:35
We use a really simple paper parachute -- simple things are best --
72
215880
3550
ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื ื— ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื ื™ื™ืจ -- ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ --
03:39
that allows the package to come to the ground gently and reliably
73
219454
3049
ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืจื“ืช ืœืื“ืžื” ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ืืžื ื•ืช
03:42
in the same place every time.
74
222527
1525
ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ื.
03:44
So it's just like ride sharing;
75
224425
2334
ื•ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช,
03:46
the doctors get a text message one minute before we arrive, saying,
76
226783
3266
ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืกืžืก ื“ืงื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื”ืื•ืžืจ:
03:50
"Walk outside and receive your delivery."
77
230073
1958
"ืœื›ื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—"
03:52
(Laughter)
78
232055
1067
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:53
And then --
79
233146
1355
ื•ืื– -
03:54
(Applause)
80
234525
4414
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:01
and then the doctors have what they need to save a patient's life.
81
241892
3638
ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื.
04:05
This is actually watching a delivery happen from our distribution center;
82
245554
3817
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
04:09
this vehicle is about 50 kilometers away.
83
249395
2623
ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ืง 50 ืงืž' ืžื”ืžืจื›ื–.
04:12
We're able to watch the vehicle as it makes a delivery at a hospital
84
252042
4031
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื
04:16
in real time.
85
256097
1189
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.
04:17
You may have noticed there are pings
86
257310
2230
ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืชื ืœื‘ ืœืคื™ื ื’ื™ื
04:19
that are coming off of that vehicle on the screen.
87
259564
2552
ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื›ืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš.
04:22
Those pings are actually data packets
88
262140
1777
ืืœื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข
04:23
that we're getting over the cell phone networks.
89
263941
2281
ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืจืš ืจืฉืช ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจ.
04:26
So these planes have SIM cards just like your cell phone does,
90
266246
3186
ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ SIM ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™,
04:29
and they're communicating over the cell network
91
269456
2201
ื•ื”ื ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืจืฉืช ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจ
04:31
to tell us where they are and how they're doing at all times.
92
271681
2879
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื ื• ืื™ืคื” ื”ื ื•ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช.
04:34
Believe it or not, we actually buy family plans --
93
274584
2420
ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืื• ืœื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ื ื™ื ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื•ืช --
04:37
(Laughter)
94
277028
1010
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:38
for this fleet of vehicles,
95
278062
1356
ืœืฆื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ื
04:39
because that's how we get the best rates.
96
279442
2047
ื›ื™ ื›ื›ื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
04:41
(Laughter)
97
281513
1083
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:42
It's actually not a joke.
98
282620
1416
ืื ื™ ืœื ืฆื•ื—ืง.
04:44
(Laughter)
99
284060
1487
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:47
So today, we're delivering about 20 percent
100
287700
3300
ื›ื™ื•ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ื›-20%
04:51
of the national blood supply of Rwanda
101
291024
2238
ืžืืกืคืงืช ื”ื“ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ืื ื“ื”
04:53
outside of Kigali.
102
293286
1456
ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืงื™ื’ืืœื™.
04:55
We serve about 12 hospitals,
103
295339
1674
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื›-12 ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
04:57
and we're adding hospitals to that network at an accelerating rate.
104
297037
3512
ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืฉืชื ื• ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื’ื•ื‘ืจ.
05:00
All of those hospitals only receive blood in this way,
105
300573
3002
ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื“ื ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
05:03
and most of those hospitals actually place multiple orders every day.
106
303599
4231
ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื.
05:09
So the reason --
107
309289
1196
ืื– ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” --
05:10
in all of health care logistics,
108
310509
1526
ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
05:12
you're always trading off waste against access.
109
312059
3050
ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืื–ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืœื’ื™ืฉื”.
05:15
So if you want to solve waste, you keep everything centralized.
110
315637
4071
ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื–, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช.
05:19
As a result, when patients are having emergencies,
111
319732
2990
ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื›ืฉืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื™ืจื•ื,
05:22
sometimes they don't have the medical product they need.
112
322746
3090
ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
05:25
If you want to solve access, you stock a lot of medicine at the last mile,
113
325860
3479
ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื”, ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
05:29
at hospitals or health centers,
114
329363
1521
ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
05:30
and then patients have the medicine they need.
115
330908
2164
ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
05:33
But you end up throwing a lot of medicine out,
116
333096
2172
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื—,
05:35
which is very expensive.
117
335292
1203
ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจ ืžืื•ื“.
05:36
What's so amazing is that the Rwandan government has been able
118
336519
2945
ืžื” ืฉืžื“ื”ื™ื ื–ื” ืฉืžืžืฉืœืช ืจื•ืื ื“ื” ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื”
05:39
to break this cycle permanently.
119
339488
2471
ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœืชืžื™ื“.
05:41
Because doctors can get what they need instantly,
120
341983
3448
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืจื•ืคืื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™,
05:45
they actually stock less blood at the hospitals.
121
345455
2586
ื”ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื“ื ื‘ืžืœืื™ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
05:48
So although use of blood products has increased substantially
122
348818
3810
ืื– ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื“ื ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ
05:52
at all the hospitals we serve,
123
352652
1681
ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืจืชื™ื,
05:54
in the last nine months, zero units of blood have expired
124
354357
4061
ื‘-9 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, 0 ืžื ื•ืช ื“ื ืคื’ื• ืชื•ืงืฃ
05:58
at any of these hospitals.
125
358442
1785
ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
06:00
(Applause)
126
360579
3642
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:06
That's an amazing result.
127
366666
1845
ื–ื• ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
06:08
That's actually not been achieved by any other health care system
128
368535
3128
ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืœื ื”ืฉื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
06:11
on the planet,
129
371687
1154
ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
06:12
and it happened here.
130
372865
1590
ื•ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืคื”.
06:15
But obviously, when we're talking about delivering medical products instantly,
131
375375
4402
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™,
06:19
the most important thing is patients.
132
379801
1838
ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื.
06:22
Let me give you an example.
133
382267
2259
ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
06:24
A couple months ago, a 24-year-old mother came into one of the hospitals
134
384550
3624
ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืืžื ื‘ืช 24 ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื
06:28
that we serve,
135
388198
1168
ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืจืชื™ื,
06:29
and she gave birth via C-section.
136
389390
1714
ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื™ืกืจื™.
06:31
But that led to complications, and she started to bleed.
137
391749
2944
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื“ืžื.
06:35
Luckily, the doctors had some blood of her blood type on hand
138
395366
3892
ืœืžื–ืœื”, ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื ื•ืช ื“ื ืžืกื•ื’ื” ื‘ืžืœืื™
06:39
that had been delivered via Zipline's routine service,
139
399282
2960
ืฉื ืฉืœื—ื• ืข"ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื’ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ "ื–ื™ืคืœื™ื™ืŸ,"
06:42
and so they transfused her with a couple units of blood.
140
402266
3027
ืื– ืขื™ืจื• ืœื” ื›ืžื” ืžื ื•ืช ื“ื
06:45
But she bled out of those units in about 10 minutes.
141
405317
2660
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื“ืžืžื” ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ืžื ื•ืช ืชื•ืš 10 ื“ืงื•ืช.
06:49
In this case, that mother's life is in grave danger --
142
409199
4306
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืืžื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” --
06:53
in any hospital in the world.
143
413529
2091
ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:56
But luckily, the doctors who were taking care of her
144
416952
2941
ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื–ืœื”, ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ืคืœื• ื‘ื”
06:59
immediately called our distribution center,
145
419917
2377
ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ืžื™ื“ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ืฉืœื ื•,
07:02
they placed an emergency order,
146
422318
2090
ื”ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ื”ื–ืžื ืช ื—ืจื•ื,
07:04
and our team actually did emergency delivery after emergency delivery
147
424432
4412
ื•ืฆื•ื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื—ืจื•ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื—ืจื•ื
07:08
after emergency delivery.
148
428868
1698
ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื—ืจื•ื.
07:10
They ended up sending seven units of red blood cells,
149
430590
2544
ื”ื ืฉืœื—ื• ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ 7 ืžื ื•ืช ืชืื™ ื“ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื,
07:13
four units of plasma
150
433158
1314
4 ืžื ื•ืช ืคืœืกืžื”
07:14
and two units of platelets.
151
434496
1325
ื•-2 ืžื ื•ืช ื˜ืกื™ื•ืช.
07:15
That's more blood than you have in your entire body.
152
435845
2703
ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื ืžืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ.
07:19
All of it was transfused into her,
153
439164
2054
ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื ืขื™ืจื• ืœืชื•ื›ื”,
07:21
the doctors were able to stabilize her,
154
441242
2159
ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืื•ืชื”,
07:23
and she is healthy today.
155
443425
2233
ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื”.
07:26
(Applause)
156
446095
2868
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:32
Since we launched, we've done about 400 emergency deliveries like that,
157
452645
4872
ืžืื– ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื•, ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›-400 ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ื—ืจื•ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื”,
07:37
and there's a story like that one behind most of those emergencies.
158
457541
3263
ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื.
07:40
Here are just a couple of the moms
159
460828
1839
ื”ื ื” ืจืง ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืืžื”ื•ืช
07:42
who have received transfusions in this way
160
462691
2145
ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืขื™ืจื•ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•
07:44
in the last couple months.
161
464860
1528
ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
07:47
We're always reminded: when we can help a doctor save a mom's life,
162
467132
4100
ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื: ื›ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืžื,
07:51
it's not just her life that you're saving.
163
471256
2475
ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื™ืœื™ื.
07:53
That's also a baby boy or a baby girl
164
473755
3091
ืืœื ื’ื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช
07:56
who has a mother while they're growing up.
165
476870
2494
ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืืžื ื›ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœื•.
08:00
(Applause)
166
480757
2969
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:05
But I want to be clear:
167
485507
1247
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจ:
08:06
postpartum hemorrhaging -- it's not a Rwanda problem,
168
486778
2582
ื“ื™ืžื•ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื” -- ื–ื• ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืจื•ืื ื“ื™ืช,
08:09
it's not a developing-world problem --
169
489384
1847
ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื— --
08:11
this is a global problem.
170
491255
1221
ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
08:12
Maternal health is a challenge everywhere.
171
492500
2061
ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ืืชื’ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
08:14
The main difference is that Rwanda was the first country
172
494585
2923
ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืจื•ืื ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
08:17
to use radical technology to do something about it.
173
497532
3227
ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
08:20
And that's the reason this attitude of Africa being disrupted
174
500783
4304
ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจืฆื™ ื“ืจืš ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
08:25
or advanced technology not working here
175
505111
1913
ืื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืคื”
08:27
or needing aid
176
507048
1178
ืื• ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืกื™ื•ืข
08:28
is so totally wrong.
177
508250
1385
ื˜ื•ืขื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
08:29
Africa can be the disrupter.
178
509659
2094
ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื”ื“ืจืš.
08:32
These small, agile, developing economies can out-innovate large, rich ones.
179
512423
5259
ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
08:37
And they can totally leapfrog over the absence of legacy infrastructure
180
517706
3880
ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืžืขืœ ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช
08:41
to go straight to newer and better systems.
181
521610
2098
ื•ืœืœื›ืช ื™ืฉืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื“ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
08:44
In 2000,
182
524237
1442
ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000,
08:45
if you had said that high-quality cellular networks were about to roll out
183
525703
3816
ืื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืจืฉืชื•ืช ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืคืจืฉ
08:49
across all of Africa,
184
529543
1236
ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
08:50
people would have told you that you were crazy.
185
530803
2666
ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชื’ืขืชื.
08:53
And yet, no one anticipated
186
533493
2976
ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืฆื™ืคื”
08:56
how fast those networks were going to connect and empower people.
187
536493
4434
ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืงื™ืฉืจื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ื›ื—.
09:00
Today, 44 percent of the GDP of Kenya flows through M-Pesa,
188
540951
3926
ื”ื™ื•ื, 44% ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื” ื–ื•ืจื ื“ืจืš M-Pesa,
09:04
their mobile payment platform.
189
544901
1673
ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
09:06
And not only that,
190
546598
1308
ื•ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”,
09:07
but our autonomous fleet of vehicles relies on that cellular network.
191
547930
3596
ืฆื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื–ืืช.
09:11
Over the next few years as we start serving private health care facilities,
192
551550
3894
ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืฉื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื,
09:15
we'll also use that mobile payment platform
193
555468
2270
ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ื–ืืช
09:17
to collect fees for deliveries.
194
557762
1665
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื.
09:19
So innovation leads to more innovation leads to more innovation.
195
559965
3785
ืื– ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขื•ื“ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขื•ื“ ืคื™ืชื•ื—.
09:23
And meanwhile,
196
563774
1855
ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
09:25
most people who live in developed economies
197
565653
3006
ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช
09:28
think that drone delivery is technologically impossible,
198
568683
3770
ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืจื—ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
09:32
let alone happening at national scale in East Africa.
199
572477
3214
ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื’ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
09:36
And I do mean East Africa, not just Rwanda.
200
576335
3378
ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœืžื–ืจื— ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืœื ืจืง ืจื•ืื ื“ื”.
09:40
On Thursday, just a couple days ago,
201
580483
2270
ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™, ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื,
09:42
the Tanzanian Ministry of Health announced
202
582777
2559
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข
09:45
that they are going to use this same technology
203
585360
2732
ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
09:48
to provide instant delivery of a wide range of medical products
204
588116
3588
ืœืกืคืง ืืกืคืงื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืจื•ืคืื™ื™ื
09:51
to 10 million of the hardest to reach people in the country.
205
591728
3679
ืœ-10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
09:55
(Applause)
206
595789
3219
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:02
It's actually going to be the largest autonomous system anywhere in the world.
207
602387
4214
ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:06
To give you a sense of what this looks like,
208
606625
2099
ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื”,
10:08
this is one of the first distribution centers.
209
608748
2198
ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
10:10
You can see a 75-kilometer service radius around the distribution center,
210
610970
3554
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ 70 ืงืž' ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืคืฆื”,
10:14
and that allows us to serve hundreds of health facilities and hospitals,
211
614548
3548
ื•ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืฉืจืช ืžืื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
10:18
all of which are rural,
212
618120
1266
ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื,
10:19
from that single distribution center.
213
619410
1893
ืžืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื–ื”.
10:21
But to serve over 20 percent of the population of Tanzania,
214
621327
3036
ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจืช ืืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-20% ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื”,
10:24
we're going to need multiple distribution centers.
215
624387
2459
ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืจื›ื– ื”ืคืฆื” ืื—ื“.
10:26
We'll actually need four.
216
626870
1341
ื‘ืขืฆื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื 4.
10:28
And from these distribution centers,
217
628235
2037
ื•ืžืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ื”ืืœื”,
10:30
we expect to be doing several hundred lifesaving deliveries every day,
218
630296
5238
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื
10:35
and this system will ultimately serve over 1,000 health facilities
219
635558
4239
ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืชืฉืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-1000 ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
10:39
and hospitals in the country.
220
639821
1850
ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
10:41
So yeah, East Africa is moving really fast.
221
641695
3095
ืื– ื›ืŸ, ืžื–ืจื— ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื–ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื”ืจ.
10:47
One thing that people, I think, often miss
222
647179
2784
ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืžืคืกืคืกื™ื
10:49
is that these kinds of leaps generate compounding gains.
223
649987
3232
ื–ื” ืฉื”ืงืคื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื.
10:53
For example, Rwanda, by investing in this infrastructure for health care,
224
653243
4585
ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœืจื•ืื ื“ื”, ื‘ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
10:57
now has an aerial logistics network that they can use
225
657852
3885
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืจืฉืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ื‘ื” ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ
11:01
to catalyze other parts of their economy,
226
661761
3383
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ืจื– ืขื•ื“ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”,
11:05
like agriculture or e-commerce.
227
665168
2062
ื›ืžื• ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืื• ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™.
11:07
Even more importantly,
228
667254
1287
ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
11:08
100 percent of the teams we hire at these distribution centers are local.
229
668565
5292
100% ืžื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
11:13
So here's our Rwandan team,
230
673881
1680
ืื– ื”ื ื” ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืื ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื•,
11:15
which is a group of extraordinary engineers and operators.
231
675585
3380
ืฉื–ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื•ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื.
11:19
They run the world's only automated delivery system
232
679489
5303
ื”ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
11:24
operating at national scale.
233
684816
1633
ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื“ืจื’ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.
11:27
They have been able to master something
234
687099
2203
ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ื
11:29
that the largest technology companies in the world
235
689326
2873
ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
11:32
have not yet been able to figure out.
236
692223
2008
ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
11:34
So they are total heroes.
237
694679
1597
ื”ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ.
11:36
(Applause)
238
696300
2996
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:41
They're total heroes.
239
701015
1467
ื”ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ.
11:42
Our team's mission is to deliver basic access to medicine
240
702971
4414
ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืœืจืคื•ืื”
11:47
to all seven billion people on the planet,
241
707409
2089
ืœื›ืœ 7 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
11:49
no matter how hard it is to reach them.
242
709522
2239
ื‘ืœื™ ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืžื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”ื.
11:51
We often tell people about that mission,
243
711785
1955
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช,
11:53
and they say, "That's so generous of you, it's so philanthropic."
244
713764
3119
ื•ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ืžืฆื“ื›ื"
11:56
No!
245
716907
1362
ืœื!
11:58
Philanthropy has nothing to do with it.
246
718293
2030
ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื–ื”.
12:00
Because of the commercial contracts that we sign with ministries of health,
247
720347
3614
ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืชืžื™ื ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
12:03
these networks are 100 percent sustainable and scalable.
248
723985
3567
ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช 100% ื‘ื ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื ื•ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื”.
12:08
And the reason we feel so strongly about correcting that misperception
249
728019
3563
ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื–ืง ืขืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช
12:11
is that entrepreneurship is the only force in human history
250
731606
3055
ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
12:14
that has lifted millions of people out of poverty.
251
734685
2721
ืฉื”ืจื™ื ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขื•ื ื™.
12:17
(Applause)
252
737430
2765
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:21
No amount of foreign aid is going to sustainably employ
253
741987
3873
ืฉื•ื ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื•ืข ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื ื™ืขืกื™ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื
12:25
250 million African youth.
254
745884
2951
250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื.
12:30
And the jobs that these kids may have gotten 10 years ago
255
750734
4468
ื•ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืœืื™ื ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื
12:35
are largely being automated
256
755226
1438
ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช
12:36
or are being changed dramatically by technology.
257
756688
2457
ืื• ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
12:39
So they are looking for new skill sets,
258
759169
2162
ืื– ื”ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
12:41
new competitive advantages.
259
761355
1568
ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
12:42
They're looking for start-ups.
260
762947
1547
ื”ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื.
12:45
So why aren't there more start-ups that are tackling these global problems
261
765097
5696
ืื– ืœืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช
12:50
that are faced by billions of people in developing economies?
262
770817
3073
ืฉื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช?
12:54
The reason is that investors and entrepreneurs are totally blind
263
774933
3064
ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื
12:58
to the opportunity.
264
778021
1278
ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช.
12:59
We think these problems are the domain of NGOs or governments,
265
779323
4353
ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช,
13:03
not private companies.
266
783700
1538
ืœื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
13:05
That's what we have to change.
267
785262
1856
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช.
13:09
You may have noticed I left something out of the video
268
789693
2787
ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืชื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืกืจืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ
13:12
that I showed you.
269
792504
1526
ืฉื”ืจืืชื™ ืœื›ื.
13:14
I didn't show you how the planes land
270
794054
1845
ืœื ื”ืจืืชื™ ืื™ืš ื”ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื ื•ื—ืชื™ื
13:15
when they get back to the distribution center.
271
795923
2549
ื›ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืคืฆื”.
13:18
So, it might be obvious to you:
272
798496
2680
ืื–, ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ืœื›ื:
13:21
none of our planes have landing gear.
273
801200
1812
ืื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื ื—ื™ืชื”.
13:23
We also don't have runways where we operate.
274
803036
2096
ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื ื—ื™ืชื”.
13:25
So we have to be able to decelerate the plane
275
805156
2210
ืื– ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืื˜ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก
13:27
from about 100 kilometers an hour to zero in half of a second.
276
807390
3372
ืž-100 ืงืž"ืฉ ืœ-0 ืชื•ืš ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
13:30
And the way we do that
277
810786
1570
ื•ืื™ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”
13:32
is we actually use a wire that tracks that plane as it comes in,
278
812380
3748
ื–ื” ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ื ื›ื ืก,
13:36
with centimeter-level accuracy.
279
816152
1813
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
13:37
We snag the plane out of the sky,
280
817989
2111
ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืžื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื,
13:40
and then we gently plop it onto an actively inflated cushion.
281
820124
3508
ื•ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืขืœ ื›ืจื™ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
13:44
This is basically a combination of an aircraft carrier
282
824419
2651
ื–ื” ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฉืืช ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื
13:47
and a bouncy castle.
283
827094
1168
ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืจื” ืžืชื ืคื—ืช.
13:48
(Laughter)
284
828286
1150
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:50
So let me show you.
285
830063
1434
ืื– ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื.
13:58
(Laughter)
286
838060
2040
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:00
(Applause)
287
840773
3282
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:06
And it might be obvious to you why I wanted to end with this video.
288
846990
3236
ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืื™ืœื™ื• ืœืžื” ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
14:10
I wanted to show you the kids and the teenagers
289
850250
2207
ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืขืจื™ื
14:12
who line up on the fence every day.
290
852481
2235
ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
14:15
They cheer every launch and every landing.
291
855509
2686
ื”ื ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื ื—ื™ืชื”.
14:18
(Laughter)
292
858219
1310
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:19
(Applause)
293
859553
2418
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:24
Sometimes I actually show up at the distribution center early
294
864436
2874
ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื•ืงื“ื ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืคืฆื”
14:27
because I'm jet-lagged.
295
867334
1164
ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื’'ื˜ ืœื’.
14:28
I'll show up an hour before we begin operation.
296
868522
2293
ืื– ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืฉืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ.
14:30
And there will be kids on the fence getting good seats.
297
870839
2640
ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.
14:33
(Laughter)
298
873503
1210
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:34
And you go up and you ask them,
299
874737
1526
ื•ืื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื
14:36
"What do you think about the planes?"
300
876287
1819
"ืžื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื?"
14:38
And they'll say, "Oh, it's a sky ambulance."
301
878130
2129
ื”ื ื™ืขื ื• "ื–ื” ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื."
14:41
So they get it.
302
881757
1151
ืื– ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื.
14:42
I mean, they get it more than most adults.
303
882932
2031
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.
14:45
So I was asking earlier:
304
885917
1268
ืื– ืฉืืœืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื
14:47
Who is going to be creating the disruptive technology companies of Africa
305
887209
5758
ืžื™ ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืคื•ืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
14:52
over the next decade?
306
892991
1482
ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘?
14:54
Ultimately, it's going to be up to these kids.
307
894987
2529
ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
14:58
They are the engineers of Rwanda and Africa.
308
898694
3893
ื”ื ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ืื ื“ื” ื•ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
15:02
They are the engineers of our shared future.
309
902997
2688
ื”ื ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœื ื•.
15:07
But the only way they can build that future is if we realize
310
907326
3758
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ืื ื ื‘ื™ืŸ
15:11
that world-changing companies can scale in Africa,
311
911108
3483
ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
15:14
and that disruptive technology can start here first.
312
914615
3627
ื•ืฉื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืคื” ืงื•ื“ื.
15:18
Thanks.
313
918822
1151
ืชื•ื“ื”.
15:19
(Applause)
314
919997
3889
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7