Euvin Naidoo: Africa as an investment

19,110 views ใƒป 2007-08-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Alon Dotan ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:26
Welcome to Africa! Or rather, I should say, welcome home.
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ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืืคืจื™ืงื” ืื• ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
00:30
Because this is where it all really began, isn't it?
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ื›ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ, ืœื ื›ืš?
00:33
Looking at fossils dating back several millions of years --
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ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื›ื™ื ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื”
00:36
it all points to evidence that life
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ื”ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื
00:38
for the human species as we know it began right here.
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ืœืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ืœื• ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ
00:44
We are on an amazing journey the next four days.
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ื ืฆื ืœืžืกืข ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื
00:48
You're going to hear stories of "Africa: The Next Chapter."
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ืชืฉืžืขื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”: ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื‘ื
00:52
Fantastic tales, anecdotes from speakers.
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ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืื ืงื“ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื
00:54
But I want to turn that upside down for a moment,
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ืืš ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื”ื›ืœ ืœืจื’ืข
00:58
and get something out on the table and clear the air so to say.
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ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ "ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ื™ืจ" ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ
01:03
What's the worst thing you've ever heard about Africa?
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ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”?
01:06
And this is not a rhetorical question.
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ื•ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืฉืืœื” ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช
01:07
I actually want answers from you.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ื
01:10
Go for it! The worst.
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ืœื›ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”! ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื›ืœ
01:13
Famine.
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ืจืขื‘
01:15
Corruption.
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ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช
01:17
More.
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ืขื•ื“
01:19
Genocide.
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ืจืฆื— ืขื
01:21
AIDS.
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ืื™ื™ื“ืก
01:24
Slavery.
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ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช
01:28
That's enough.
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ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง
01:30
We've all heard these things.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš
01:32
But this is about Africa, the story we have not heard.
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ืืš ื›ืืŸ ื™ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื ืฉืžืข
01:36
The stories that we want to know,
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ
01:38
and the stories that do exist about positive tales.
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ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช
01:42
A part of my talk is going to be about investment opportunities
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงืขื”
01:46
that exist on this continent,
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ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช
01:48
to separate the rhetoric from the reality, the fact from the fiction.
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ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ
01:52
To go to the actual data and statistics that exist
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ืข ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช
01:55
about the actual things that are happening on the ground
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ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—
01:58
that make Africa a realistic investment opportunity and option for you.
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ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืœื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ืจื™ืืœื™ืช, ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื
02:05
So let's get going because Africa,
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ืื– ื‘ื•ื ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ื™ ืืคืจื™ืงื”
02:06
to some degree, is on a turnaround.
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื”
02:10
A turnaround in terms of how it manages its image,
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ืžืคื ื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœืช ืืช ื”ืชื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื”
02:14
and how it takes control of its own destiny.
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ื•ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจืœื” ืฉืœื”
02:17
And turnarounds are part and parcel
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ืžืคื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™
02:19
of what I have focused on for most of my professional career.
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ื‘ื• ื”ืชืžืงื“ืชื™ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœื™
02:23
And it all started almost a decade ago,
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ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขืฉื•ืจ
02:26
as a young consultant at McKinsey & Company
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ื›ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ืžืงื ื–ื™
02:28
at their first African office in Johannesburg.
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ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื”ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื’
02:31
And there we worked with leading CEOs
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ืฉื ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขื ืžื ื›"ืœื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื
02:34
on African issues, and African companies on turnarounds,
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ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช, ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืคื ื”
02:37
making the companies not just the best in Africa
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
02:40
but the best globally.
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ืืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•
02:42
But I really formalized this focus on turnarounds
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื ืกื— ืืช ื”ืžืคื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
02:46
when I was completing my MBA in the United States.
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ื›ืฉื”ืฉืœืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
02:49
It all began with a fantastic phone call.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื ื”ื“ืจืช
02:51
It was from Rosabeth Moss Kanter,
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ืฉื™ื—ื” ืžืจื•ื–ื‘ืช' ืžื•ืก ืงื ื˜ืจ
02:54
Harvard Business School guru and a professor of mine.
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ื’ื•ืจื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“ ื•ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืฉืœื™
02:56
And she said, "I want to write a case, Euvin --
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืงืจื” ืื•ื•ื™ืŸ
02:59
a case on a public-sector leader
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ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™
03:01
that has lessons for the corporate world."
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช"
03:05
And the leader that came to mind was Nelson Mandela.
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ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืฉืขืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื™ื” ื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืžื ื“ืœื”
03:09
Because Nelson Mandela, as he took over power
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ื›ื™ ื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืžื ื“ืœื”, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ื™ื•
03:12
as the first democratically-elected president of South Africa,
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ื›ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”
03:15
faced a situation of a country
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ื ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื”
03:17
that could have slid into the abyss of chaos.
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ืฉื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจ ืœื›ืื•ืก ืžื•ื—ืœื˜
03:20
But he started the country on a path of a positive cycle.
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ืืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™
03:24
Now the case, "Nelson Mandela: Change Leader,"
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ื”ื ื•ืฉื, "ื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืžื ื“ืœื”: ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™"
03:27
became part of the research base for a chapter
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ื”ืคืš ืœื—ืœืง ืžื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืœืคืจืง
03:30
in Rosabeth's new book called "Confidence."
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ื‘ืกืคืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื–ื‘ืช' ื”ื ืงืจื "ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ"
03:34
And "Confidence" became a New York Times bestseller
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"ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ" ื”ืคืš ืœืจื‘ ืžื›ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก
03:38
and topped Business Week's hardcover bestseller list.
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ื•ื”ืคืš ืœืจื‘ ื”ืžื›ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื
03:41
And why I tell you this story is because later, when I was interviewed
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ื™ื ื” ืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืฉืจื•ืื™ื™ื ืชื™
03:44
on SABC Africa, on a pan-African broadcast, they asked,
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ืœืชื—ื ืช SABC ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื”ื ืฉืืœื•
03:47
"What is your key lesson, or the key thing you enjoy the most?" --
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"ืžื”ื• ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืืชื” ื”ื›ื™ ื ื”ื ื” ืžืžื ื•?"
03:51
because it was a huge privilege to be part of such a project.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื›ื–ื”
03:54
The lesson from that was that it was Africa -- an African story --
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ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืืคืจื™ืงืื™
03:59
that was used to share news with the rest of the world
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ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•
04:03
of what the benchmark can be for corporate turnarounds.
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ื›ืืžืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืœืžืคื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
04:06
Africa was being used as a success story!
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ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ื›ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”!
04:11
So I want to share with you a personal story
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื™ืชื›ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™
04:13
about a turnaround or a transformation.
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ืขืœ ืžืคื ื” ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
04:15
And that has to do with me
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ื•ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืืœื™
04:17
because in 1994, I packed a few things into a backpack
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ื›ื™ ื‘ 1994, ืืจื–ืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืชื™ืง ื’ื‘
04:21
and headed off for a year of travel
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ื•ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ
04:23
in the middle of my university career.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื™ืช ืฉืœื™
04:26
You should have seen my parents' reaction!
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื™!
04:28
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:29
But very soon, I found myself from the southern part of Africa,
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ืืš ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“, ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืขื•ืœื” ืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”
04:33
in South Africa -- at the very north, in Egypt.
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ืžื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืœืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง, ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื.
04:36
And I sought out the most remote places.
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ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื“ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:38
I went to the Siwa Oasis. That was one of my stops.
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื ื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื•ื•ื”. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ื”ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™
04:41
And the Siwa Oasis is famous for several things,
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ื•ื ื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ื” ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืžื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช
04:43
but the key thing is that it was the place
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ืืš ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื
04:45
that Alexander the Great went to
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ืืœื™ื• ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืข
04:48
when he wanted to find out what his destiny had in store for him.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•.
04:51
And legend has it that Alexander trekked through this desert.
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ื•ื”ืื’ื“ื” ืžืกืคืจืช ืฉืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื”ืœืš ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ
04:54
Half his battalion was wiped out in the sandstorm.
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ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื’ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืœื• ื ืขืœื ื‘ืกื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ
04:57
And myth says that he had an audience with the oracle,
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ื›ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืคื’ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืจืงืœ
05:00
and it foretold his destiny of greatness.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื• ืืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ
05:03
This was 300 BC.
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ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื‘ 300 ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”
05:05
So Africa had long been seen as a place to go to for answers.
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ื›ืš ืฉืืคืจื™ืงื” ืžืื– ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ื ืจืืชื” ื›ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
05:11
Now, the thing I remember about Siwa
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืžืกื™ื•ื•ื”
05:14
was the magical view of the sky at night.
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ืงืกื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื”
05:17
With no natural light source, Siva is one of these amazing places
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ื‘ืœื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืชืื•ืจื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืกื™ื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืชื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื
05:20
that when you look up you see a perfect tapestry.
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ืฉื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืžืขืœื” ืืชื” ืชืจืื” ืžืจื‘ื“ ืžื•ืฉืœื
05:24
Fast forward to 2002.
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ื ืจื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื ืช 2002
05:26
I'm sitting in Cambridge, Massachusetts
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื’', ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก
05:28
at the Healthcare Development Conference.
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ื‘ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™
05:30
And I see the same picture, but from the opposite side.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืคื•ืš
05:33
A satellite picture looking down at the earth.
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ืชืžื•ื ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
05:38
And it was that picture that made such a profound impact on me
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœื™ ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช
05:41
because I'll never forget it. I remember the very moment.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืฉื›ื— ื–ืืช. ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.
05:44
And I wanted to share that image with you of what I saw at that point.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื™ืชื›ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืจื’ืข
05:50
The first thing that I saw was North America at night --
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื–ื” ืืช ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
05:55
glowing, in all its glory. A warm feeling. Light.
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ื–ื•ื”ืจืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื”. ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื—ืžื™ืžื”. ืื•ืจ.
06:05
And then I saw it -- Africa. Quite literally the "Dark Continent."
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ื•ืื– ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื”, ืืคืจื™ืงื”. "ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื”" ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื.
06:15
And while Africa may be dark,
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ืืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื”ื”
06:17
the thing that brought the message home to me
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ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™
06:20
was that this is the challenge we are facing,
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ื”ื•ื, ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืื ื• ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื•
06:23
but it's also the opportunity.
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ืืš ื–ื• ื’ื ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
06:26
Because whilst Africa may be dark -- other than the few specks
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ื›ื™ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื”ื”, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
06:29
that exist north and in the south and other areas --
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ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
06:33
it's aglow with the light in the hearts
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ื”ื™ื ื–ื•ื”ืจืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช
06:35
of the millions of people that are there.
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ืฉืœ ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”
06:37
Entrepreneurs, dynamic people, people with hope.
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ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
06:41
It was George Kimble, the geographer, who said
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื’'ื•ืจื’' ืงื™ืžื‘ืœ, ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืฃ, ืฉืืžืจ
06:44
that, "The only thing dark about Africa is our ignorance of it."
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ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”
06:49
So let's start shedding light on this amazing eclectic continent
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ืื– ื‘ื•ื ื•ื ืฉืคื•ืš ืื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื•
06:53
that has so much to offer.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข
06:55
Let's start unpacking it.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ื’ืœื” ืื•ืชื”
07:00
Africa is the second-largest continent, a landmass second from Asia.
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ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื”, ืžืกืช ืื“ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืจืง ืœืืกื™ื”
07:07
It also is the second most populated continent,
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช
07:09
with 900 million people.
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ืขื 900 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
07:11
In fact -- coming back to the land mass -- Africa is so big
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ื”ืืžืช, ืื ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจื’ืข ืœืžืกืช ื”ืื“ืžื”, ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
07:14
that you could fit in the continental United States,
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
07:17
China, and the entire Europe into Africa, and still have space.
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ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืืจ ืžืงื•ื
07:22
Africa is home to over 1,000 languages --
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-1,000 ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
07:25
2,000 is another estimate that's out there --
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ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืื—ืจืช ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ 2,000 ืฉืคื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช
07:28
with over 2,000 languages and dialects.
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ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-2,000 ืฉืคื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ืืœืงื˜ื™ื
07:31
But you could say, "Invest in Africa in over 1,000 languages,
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ืืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ "ืชืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-1,000 ืฉืคื•ืช
07:35
and it wouldn't make a difference."
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืฉื ื”
07:38
What does the data say?
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ืžื”ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื?
07:40
As an investment banker, I'm in the cross-flow of information
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ื›ื‘ื ืงืื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช, ืื ื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉื‘ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข
07:44
and the changes that are taking place in capital markets.
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื
07:47
So I want to share with you some of these bellwether signals, or signs,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื™ืชื›ื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื
07:50
and winds of change that are sweeping this continent.
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ื•ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช
07:52
So let's start on that.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ื ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื–ื”
07:54
And let's start at the high level, on the macro-factors.
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ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื‘ืžืืงืจื•
07:56
Inflation, in general, is coming down across Africa --
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ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”, ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืคืจื™ืงื”
07:59
that's the first sign --
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
08:01
in many countries reaching double-digit figures.
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืกืคืจื™ื ื“ื• ืกืคืจืชื™ื™ื
08:03
So let's start looking at some of those.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื
08:05
I call it my Z.E.N. cluster.
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื–ื” ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ื”ื–ืŸ (ื–.ืž.ื .)
08:07
Zambia: from 2004 to 2006, moves from the 18 percent in inflation
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ื–ืžื‘ื™ื”: ืž-2004 ื•ืขื“ 2006, ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืž18 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”
08:12
to the nine percent.
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ืœืชืฉืขื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
08:14
Egypt: from the 16 percent to about 8.4 percent.
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ืžืฆืจื™ื: ืž16 ืื—ื•ื– ืœืื–ื•ืจ 8.4 ืื—ื•ื–
08:19
Nigeria: a similar situation,
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ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”: ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”ื”
08:21
from the 16 percent to the eight percent. Single digits.
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ืž16 ืื—ื•ื– ืœ8 ืื—ื•ื–. ื—ื“ ืกืคืจืชื™
08:27
More fascinating, you have other countries -- South Africa,
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ืžืจืชืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”
08:31
Mauritius, Namibia -- all in single digits.
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ืžืื•ืจื™ืฆื™ื•ืก, ื ืžื™ื‘ื™ื”. ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื“ ืกืคืจืชื™
08:38
But that's just part of the story. You have a similar trend with currencies --
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ืืš ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ. ืื•ืคื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช
08:41
currencies going through an extreme time of stability.
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ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช
08:47
But that's looking at the big picture.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
08:49
And the first myth to dispel is that Africa is not a country.
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ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื“ื™ื ื”
08:55
It's made up --
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ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช
08:57
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:58
It's made up of 53 different countries.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืž53 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
09:02
So the very definition -- to say "invest in Africa" is a no-go.
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ืœื›ืŸ ืขืฆื ื”ืืžื™ืจื” "ืชืฉืงื™ืขื• ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”" ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื”
09:06
It's meaningless.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ืกืจืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช
09:08
Each country has a unique value proposition.
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ืœื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข
09:11
You can make money, you can lose money in Africa.
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ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
09:14
But opportunities, boy oh boy, they exist.
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ืืš ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™, ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช
09:17
And this is what today is about --
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ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
09:20
it's about discussing those very opportunities.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
09:24
So let's start getting into the countries
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
09:26
and into the specific material and data.
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ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™
09:31
I was recently elected, as Emeka mentioned,
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ื ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืงื” ืฆื™ื™ื ื”
09:33
as the President of the South African Chamber of Commerce in America.
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ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื›ื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
09:36
And I'm very proud and happy to be in that role
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ื•ื’ืื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื–ื”
09:39
because it is a fascinating position to be in.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขืžื“ื” ืžืจืชืงืช ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ื”
09:41
To hear this dialogue that's just increasing in tenor and velocity,
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ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžืชื• ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืชื•
09:45
of decisions about trade and companies wanting to come.
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ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
09:49
So the first port of call: let's talk a little bit about South Africa.
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ืื– ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”
09:51
But not the South Africa we always talk about --
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ืœื ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”
09:53
the gold, the minerals, the First World infrastructure --
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ื”ื–ื”ื‘, ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื, ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
09:56
a bit about the other side of it.
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ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื
09:58
For example, South Africa was recently voted as the top destination
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ื™ืขื“ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ
10:02
for the top 1,000 UK companies for offshore call-centers.
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ืฉืœ 1,000 ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช, ืœื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ืžืจื›ื– ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช
10:06
Same language, timeline, et cetera. Makes sense.
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ืฉืคื” ื–ื”ื”, ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื”ื” ื•ื›ื•ืœื™. ื ืฉืžืข ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™
10:11
Other headlines that have recently reached South Africa
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ืขื•ื“ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
10:13
were Bain Capital and KKR, the big boys of private equity.
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืคื™ื˜ืœ ื•ืง.ืง.ืจ., ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช
10:18
Headline in South Africa: "They have landed." Quite ominous.
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ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”: "ื”ื ื ื—ืชื•". ืžื‘ืฉืจ ืจืขื•ืช
10:21
But what were they there for? To acquire assets.
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ืืš ืœืžื” ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื•? ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื ื›ืกื™ื
10:25
Bing Capital's acquisition of Edcon, a large retailer, is testimony
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ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื“ืงื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื’, ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื•ืช
10:32
to the confidence they are starting to place in the economy.
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ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื”.
10:35
Because it is actually a long-term play.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ืžื”ืœืš ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื—.
10:37
Being a retailer, it is a play on the belief
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™, ื–ื” ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืืžื•ืŸ
10:39
that this middle-class that's growing will continue to grow,
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ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ืœ, ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ.
10:43
that the boom and the confidence in consumer spending will continue.
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ืฉื”ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื” ื™ื™ืžืฉื›ื•
10:49
But the story of Africa, and my focus, is beyond South Africa
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ืืš ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื•ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืฉืœื™, ื”ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”
10:54
because there's so much happening.
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ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื
10:56
Undoubtedly, Nigeria is clearly a hot spot.
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ืœืœื ืกืคืง, ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™
11:00
Challenges -- and we will hear a lot about Nigeria in these four days.
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ืืชื’ืจื™ื, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉืžืข ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ื‘ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
11:04
But looking at Goldman Sachs' work -- we had the famous BRIC Report.
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ืื ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืœื“ืžืŸ ืกืืงืก, ื•ื“ื•"ื— BRIC ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื
11:09
The new report, "The Next Eleven," highlights that by 2020
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ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, "ื”-11 ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช", ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2020
11:13
Nigeria is going to be amongst the top 10 economies in the world.
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ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืขืฉืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
11:17
It's an investment opportunity. Think about that.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงืขื”. ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”
11:21
Is anyone -- our banks, our investors --
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ื”ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
11:24
seriously thinking about going to Nigeria?
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ืœืœื›ืช ืœื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”?
11:25
If you haven't, why not?
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ืื ืœื, ืœืžื” ืœื?
11:27
What's going on in Nigeria? A couple of things.
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”? ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
11:31
I want to talk about it from the perspective of capital markets.
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ืื ื™ ืื’ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืงื™ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ
11:35
Bellwether signs again.
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ืฉื•ื‘ ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช
11:38
Guarantee Trust Bank recently issued the first Euro Bond
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ืงืจืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื’ืจื ื˜ื™, ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื’ืจืช ื—ื•ื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช
11:42
out of Africa, and this excludes South Africa.
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ืžืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
11:45
But the first Eurobond, the raising of international capital
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ืืš ืื’ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™
11:48
offshore, off its own balance sheet,
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžื“ื•"ื— ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœื”
11:51
without any sovereign backing --
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ื‘ืœื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™
11:53
that is an indication of the confidence that is taking place in that economy.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื–ื•
11:57
Without any sovereign backing,
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ื‘ืœื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™
11:59
a Nigerian company raising capital offshore.
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ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื™ื’ืจื™ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ื”ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”
12:01
It's just a sign of things to come.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื‘ืื•ืช
12:02
Looking at the oil industry, Africa provides 18 percent
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ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜, ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืžืกืคืงืช 18 ืื—ื•ื–
12:07
of the U.S.'s oil supply, with the Middle East just 16 percent.
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ืžืชืฆืจื•ื›ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืกืคืง 16 ืื—ื•ื–
12:11
It's an important strategic partner.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”
12:13
Let's put Nigeria in perspective.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉื™ื ืืช ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”
12:15
2.2 to 2.4 million barrels of oil a day --
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2.2 ืขื“ 2.4 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ื
12:18
the same league as Kuwait, the same league as Venezuela.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืœื™ื’ื” ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ื•ื™ืช ื•ื•ื ืฆื•ืืœื”
12:23
But with Africa, let's start being careful about this.
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ืืš ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื–ื”
12:26
And Emeka and I have had these discussions.
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ื•ืœืืžืงื” ื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš
12:28
We have to move away from what's called "the curse of the commodities."
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื "ืงืœืœืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื"
12:32
Because it's not about oil, it's not about commodities.
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ื›ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืคื˜, ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื
12:34
For Africa to truly be sustainable,
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ืื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ
12:36
we have to move beyond to other industries.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื ื•ืข ืœืขื‘ืจ ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
12:39
So let's unpack those very quickly,
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ื’ืœื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
12:41
and I'm going to move through these very, very, very fast
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“, ืžืื“, ืžืื“.
12:43
because I can see that clock counting down.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืกื•ืคืจ ืœืื—ื•ืจ
12:47
What else is going on there? Egypt.
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ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื? ืžืฆืจื™ื
12:50
Egypt is launching a first large industrial zone --
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ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืฉื™ืงื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
12:53
2.8 billion investment.
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2.8 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช
12:55
The announcement just came out the last few weeks.
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ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ื™ืฆืื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
12:57
Close to the Mediterranean, near Alexandria --
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ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœื™ื“ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื™ื”
13:01
textiles, petrochemicals.
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ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ืœ, ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื
13:03
It's being managed by a Singaporean-based management company.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ
13:07
So they want to emerge as an industrial powerhouse
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื›ืžืขืฆืžื” ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช
13:10
across the industries -- away from oil.
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ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ืžื ืคื˜
13:12
Let's look at agriculture. Let's look at forestry.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืขืจื ื•ืช
13:15
What's going on there?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื?
13:16
In Tanzania last week, we had the launch
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ื‘ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืงื”
13:20
of the East African Organic Produce Standard.
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ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื— ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ ืœืชื•ืฆืจืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ืช
13:24
Again, gathering together farmers, gathering together stakeholders
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืชืืกืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืงืœืื™ื, ื”ืชืืกืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื ื™ื•ืช
13:29
in East Africa to get standards for organic produce. Better prices.
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ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืงืŸ ืœืชื•ืฆืจืช ื—ืงืœืื™ืช. ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:36
It ties in with small-scale farmers
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ื”ื™ื ื ืงืฉืจืช ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื
13:39
in terms of no pesticides, no fertilizers.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ืื• ื“ืฉื ื™ื
13:44
Again, opportunity to tackle markets to get that higher price.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
13:49
Uganda: the New Forest Company,
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ืื•ื’ื ื“ื”: ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ืขืจื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
13:51
replanting and redeveloping their forests. Why is that important?
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ืฉื•ืชืœื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘?
13:57
As the energy needs are met and electricity is needed [we will need]
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ืฉืžืœ (ืื ื• ื ื–ื“ืงืง)
14:00
poles for rolling out electricity.
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ืœืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื—ืฉืžืœ
14:02
But here is the sweetener in the deal.
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ืืš ื”ื ื” ื”ืžืžืชื™ืง ืฉื‘ืขืกืงื”
14:04
They're going to be tapping into carbon credits.
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืžืจื• ืœืืฉืจืื™ ืคื—ืžืŸ.
14:08
Let's go back to Nigeria.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”
14:10
The banking sector has undergone tremendous transformation,
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ื”ืกืงื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ ืขื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืฆื•ื
14:13
from over 80 banks to 25 banks. Strengthening of the system.
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ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืž-80 ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœ-25 ื‘ื ืงื™ื. ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช
14:18
But what's going on there? Only 10 percent of the country is banked.
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ืืš ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื? ืจืง 10 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช
14:23
The largest population in Africa is in Nigeria.
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ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”
14:26
135 million-plus people. Think about that.
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135 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื. ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”
14:30
There are only 700 ATMs in the country. Opportunity.
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ื™ืฉ ืจืง 700 ื›ืกืคื•ืžื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
14:35
The same for telecoms across the country.
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ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืฉืชื™ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
14:38
Now let's look at the continent as a whole.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื›ืžืงืฉื” ืื—ืช
14:40
People look at the roads, for example, and they'd say,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื•ืืžืจื•
14:42
"Angola: 90 percent of roads are untarred. Ah, problem!"
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ืื ื’ื•ืœื”: 90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื ืกืœื•ืœื™ื. ืื”, ื‘ืขื™ื”!
14:49
It's more expensive to transport goods. Prices of goods go up,
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ื–ื” ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืกื—ื•ืจื”. ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื™ื.
14:52
inflation is affected.
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ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช ืžื›ืš
14:54
Nigeria: 70 percent of roads are untarred. Zambia: 80 percent.
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ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”: 70 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื ืกืœื•ืœื™ื. ื–ืžื‘ื™ื”: 80 ืื—ื•ื–.
14:57
In general, more than 50 percent of roads are untarred.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž50 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื ืกืœื•ืœื™ื
15:00
This is an opportunity! Energy needs -- it's an opportunity.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช! ืชืฆืจื•ื›ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” - ื–ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
15:05
So what are the signs that things are fundamentally changing?
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ืื– ืžื”ื ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™
15:08
Let's look at the stock markets in Africa.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฉื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
15:11
If I had to ask you, "In 2005 what was the best performing stock market
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ืื ืื ื™ ืืฉืืœ ืืชื›ื, "ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005 ืžื”ื• ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
15:15
or stock exchange in the world?" Would Egypt come to mind?
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื? ื”ืื ืžืฆืจื™ื ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉื›ื?
15:20
In 2005, the Egyptian stock exchange returned over 145 percent.
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ื‘2005, ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž145 ืื—ื•ื–
15:28
What's going on in some of the other countries?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช?
15:30
Let's look at some 2006 numbers. Kenya: over 60 percent. Nigeria: over 40 percent.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืž2006. ืงื ื™ื”: ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž60 ืื—ื•ื–. ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”: ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž40 ืื—ื•ื–
15:37
South Africa: in the 20 percents. High ones.
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ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”20 ืื—ื•ื–. ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื
15:40
These are the trends that are taking place.
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ืืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื
15:46
But in any investment decision, the key question is,
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ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืงืขื”, ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื
15:50
"What is my alternative investment?"
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ืžื”ื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื”?
15:53
Because in Africa today, we are competing globally for capital.
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื• ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืขืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
15:57
And global capital is agnostic -- it has no loyalties.
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ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ืืžื ื™ื
16:02
There's an overhang of capital in the U.S., and the key is yield pickup.
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืชืงืจืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื•ื ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจืช
16:06
What Africa is providing is a diversification play,
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ืžื” ืฉืืคืจื™ืงื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื–ื” ืžืฉื—ืง ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ
16:09
and also opportunities for yield pickup for the investor
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ื•ื’ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจืช ืœืžืฉืงื™ืข
16:11
that's aware of what he or she is doing.
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ืฉืžื•ื“ืข ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื/ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
16:15
Now, when looking at Africa vis-a-vis other things,
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ื›ืฉืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
16:17
and countries in Africa vis-a-vis other things,
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ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
16:19
comparisons become important.
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ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
16:21
10 years ago there, were very few countries
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ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื˜ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
16:24
that received sovereign ratings from
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ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™
16:25
the Standard & Poors, Moody's and Fitch's.
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ืžืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ ืื ื“ ืคื•ืจืก, ืžื•ื“ื™ืก ื•ืคื™ืฆ'ืก
16:28
Today, 16 African countries and growing
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ื”ื™ื•ื, 16 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช
16:32
have sovereign country ratings. What does this mean?
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ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™. ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ?
16:35
Take Nigeria again: double B-minus --
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ืงื—ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”: BB ืžื™ื ื•ืก
16:38
in the league of Ukraine and Turkey. Immediately we have a comparison.
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ื‘ืœื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ื•ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”. ื›ืš ืฉืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”
16:43
The backbone of making investment decisions
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ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงืขื”
16:46
for global holders of capital.
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ืœืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื
16:48
Some other figures. South Africa: triple B-plus. Botswana: A-plus.
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ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” BBB ืคืœื•ืก. ื‘ื•ืฆื•ืื ื” A ืคืœื•ืก.
16:55
Bakino Faso: B-minus. And so on.
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ื‘ื•ืจืงื™ื ื” ืคืืกื•: B ืžื™ื ื•ืก.
16:58
In fact, one of the big agencies is setting up an office in Africa.
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื—ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืงื™ืžื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
17:03
Why are they doing that? Because they expect investment to follow.
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ืœืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช? ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื™ื’ื™ืขื•
17:09
So one of the big bellwethers,
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ืื– ืื—ืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
17:11
and one of my final points I want to mention, is
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ื•ืื—ืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืื’ืข ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื
17:14
the interesting thing I read is that CNBC
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื”ื•ื ืฉ CNBC
17:16
has launched their first African channel. Why is CNBC doing this?
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ืคืชื—ื” ืืช ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”. ืœืžื” CNBC ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”?
17:21
It's the 24-hour rolling African news channel.
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ื–ื” ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฉื“ืจ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช
17:25
They're doing it because they are expecting things to happen.
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืงืจื•
17:28
Me and you, the investments we are going to be making,
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ืื ื™ ื•ืืชื, ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข
17:32
the investments the world is going to be making --
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ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข
17:33
that's the 24-hour news channel dedicated to Africa.
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ื–ื” ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ ืฉืžืฉื“ืจ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช
17:37
So that's the change that's coming down the pipeline.
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ื–ื” ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ืจืš
17:42
So in conclusion, I want to turn back to that very slide
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ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช
17:47
that made such a deep impact on me all those years ago.
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ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœื™ ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื
17:52
This time [I'll] give you the entire picture that I saw in 2002,
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ื”ืคืขื, ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘2002
17:58
and ask you that when you think about what your role can be in Africa,
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ื•ืื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื ืฉื›ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื›ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
18:03
think about your journey in terms of bringing light to this continent.
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžืกืขื›ื ื‘ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ื–ื•
18:07
Because there are amazing opportunities available.
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช
18:10
And think about the concept of transformation
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ื•ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
18:12
in the back of your mind
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ื‘ืชืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื›ื
18:14
because things can be turned around rather quickly.
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ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“
18:18
In 1899, Joseph Conrad released "The Heart of Darkness,"
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ื‘1899, ื’'ื•ื–ืฃ ืงื•ื ืจื“ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช "ืœื‘ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื›ื”"
18:25
a tale of grim horror along the Congo River.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื•ื•ืขื” ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื ื”ืจ ืงื•ื ื’ื•
18:32
If one looks carefully, on the Congo River
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ืื ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขืœ ื ื”ืจ ืงื•ื ื’ื•
18:37
is one of those bright lights. And that's the very Congo river
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ื ืžืฆืืช ืื—ืช ืžื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื ื”ืจ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ื•
18:41
generating light -- the old heart of darkness
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ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืจ - ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื—ืฉื•ืš ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ
18:44
now generating light with hydro-electric power.
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ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื›ื™ื•ื ืื•ืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ื™ื“ืจื• ืืœืงื˜ืจื™
18:47
That is a transformation in power of ideas.
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ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช
18:50
So the next step, over the next four days,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื
18:52
is us exploring more of these ideas.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
18:55
And perchance, if you can always keep this picture in your mind,
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ื•ืื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืงืจื” ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืจืืฉื›ื
18:58
that when we convene maybe in the distant future, in 2020,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืฉื ื™ืคื’ืฉ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ื‘2020
19:03
that picture will look very different.
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืชื™ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
19:05
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”
19:07
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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