Joseph Ravenell: How barbershops can keep men healthy | TED

Prevoditelj: Tilen Pigac - EFZG Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

What do you see?

Što vidite?

Most of you see a barbershop,

Većina vas vidi brijačnicu,

but I see an opportunity:

ali ja ovdje vidim priliku:

an opportunity for health,

priliku za zdravlje,

an opportunity for health equity.

priliku za pravičnost u zdravlju.

Za crnce brijačnica nije samo mjesto

For black men, the barbershop is not just a place

where you get your hair cut or your beard trimmed.

gdje se možete ošišati ili obrijati bradu.

No, it's much more than that.

Brijačnica je nešto puno više.

Historically, the barbershop has been a safe haven for black men.

Povijesno gledano, brijačnica je bila utočište za tamnopute muškarce.

It's a place where we go for friendship,

Ona je mjesto kamo idemo radi prijateljstva,

solidarity and solace.

solidarnosti i utjehe.

Ona je mjesto gdje možemo pobjeći od stresa,

It's a place where we go to get away from the stress

of the grind of work

od mukotrpnog posla

and sometimes home life.

i ponekad od vlastita četiri zida.

It's a place where we don't have to worry

Brijačnica je mjesto gdje se ne moramo brinuti

about how we're being perceived by the outside world.

o tome kako nas vanjski svijet percipira.

It's a place where we don't feel threatened,

Ona je mjesto gdje se ne osjećamo ugroženo,

or threatening.

niti mi ikoga ugražavamo.

Ona je mjesto vjernosti i povjerenja.

It's a place of loyalty and trust.

For that reason,

Zbog navedenih razloga

it's one of the few places where we can fearlessly be ourselves

je brijačnica mjesto gdje bez straha možemo biti onakvi kakvi jesmo

and just ... talk.

i jednostavno ... razgovarati.

The talk, the shop talk, the conversation,

Čavrljanje, razgovor o poslu, razgovor kao takav

that is the essence of the black barbershop.

je srž brijačnice za crnce.

Sjećam se kako sam s ocem išao u brijačnicu dok sam bio dijete.

I can remember going to the barbershop with my dad as a kid.

Svake druge subote smo išli u brijačnicu gospodina Mikea.

We went to Mr. Mike's barbershop every other Saturday.

And like clockwork, the same group of men would be there

Uvijek bi nailazili na iste ljude

every time we went,

svaki put kada bi i mi došli.

either waiting on their favorite barber

Čekali bi svog omiljenog brijača,

or just soaking up the atmosphere.

ili bi jednostavno upijali atmosferu.

I can remember the jovial greeting that warmly welcomed us

Sjećam se veselog pozdrava koji bi nas toplo dočekao,

every time we went.

svaki put kada god bi došli.

"Hey Rev," they would say to my dad.

Rekli bi mome ocu "Hej oče."

He's a local pastor, and they treated him like a celebrity.

Bio je mjesni župnik, i ponašali su se prema njemu kao prema slavnoj osobi.

"Hey young fella, how you doing?"

"Zdravo mladi momče, kako smo?"

they would say to me,

pitali bi mene,

making me feel just as special.

i tako bih se i ja osjećao posebno.

Opseg tema razgovora je zaista bio ogroman.

I remember the range of the conversations was immense.

Pričalo bi se o politici, sportu i glazbi

The men would talk about politics and sports and music

and world news, national news,

te o vijestima iz svijeta, zemlje,

neighborhood news.

ili iz susjedstva.

Bilo je i razgovora o ženama,

There was some talk about women

and what it was like to be a black man in America.

i o tome kako je biti tamnoput muškarac u Americi.

But many times they also talked about health.

Ali često su pričali i o zdravlju.

Razgovori o zdravlju su bili dugi i dubokosežni.

The conversations about health were lengthy and deep.

The men often recounted their doctor's recommendations

Često bi prepričavali savjete liječnika,

to cut salt in their diet

kako moraju smanjiti unos soli,

or to eat less fried foods

kako moraju jesti manje pržene hrane,

or to stop smoking

kako moraju prestati pušiti

or to reduce stress.

ili kako moraju smanjiti stres.

They talked about the different ways you could reduce stress,

Razgovarali su o raznim načinima kako smanjiti stres,

like simplifying one's love life --

recimo pomoću jednostavnijeg ljubavnog života.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

all ways to treat high blood pressure.

Razni načini kako smanjiti krvni tlak.

There's a lot of talk about high blood pressure in the barbershop.

Često se razgovaralo o visokom krvnom tlaku.

That's because almost 40 percent of black men have it.

Naime, 40 posto crnaca pati od visokog krvnog tlaka.

To znači da skoro svaki crnac

That means that almost every single black man

ili pati od visokog krvnog tlaka

either has high blood pressure

ili poznaje nekoga tko pati od visokog tlaka.

or knows a black man who has it.

Sometimes, those conversations in the barbershop

Ponekad bi se u brijačnici vodili razgovori

would be about what happens when high blood pressure

o tome što se može dogoditi ako se visoki krvni tlak

is not adequately addressed.

ne shvati dovoljno ozbiljno.

"Say, did you hear about Jimmy? He had a stroke."

"Jesi čuo za Jimmyja? Imao je moždani udar."

"Did you hear about Eddie? He died last week.

"Jesi čuo za Eddieja? Umro je prošli tjedan.

Massive heart attack.

Snažan srčani udar.

He was 50."

Imao je 50 godina."

More black men die from high blood pressure than from anything else,

Više crnaca umire od visokog tlaka nego od bilo čega drugoga,

even though decades of medical wisdom and science have demonstrated

unatoč desetljećima napretka u zdravstvu. Znanost je pokazala

that death from high blood pressure can be prevented

kako se smrt od visokog krvnog tlaka može sprijećiti

with timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

pravovremenom dijagnozom i odgovarajućim liječenjem.

Zašto je onda visok tlak toliko smrtonosniji za crnce?

So why is high blood pressure so differentially deadly for black men?

Because too often, high blood pressure is either untreated

Zato što se često nažalost visok tlak ne liječi uopće

or under-treated in black men,

ili nedovoljno liječi kod crnaca,

djelomice i radi slabog angažmana oko primarnog zdravstvenog osiguranja.

in part because of our lower engagement with the primary healthcare system.

Black men, in particular those with high blood pressure,

Crnci, naročito oni sa visokim krvnim tlakom,

are less likely to have a primary care doctor

prije neće imati svog liječnika opće prakse

than other groups.

nego bilo koja druga grupa.

But why?

Ali zašto?

Some of our earliest research on black men's health

Naša najnovija istraživanja o zdravlju kod crnaca

revealed that for many, the doctor's office is associated with fear,

su otkrila kako mnogi povezuju ordinaciju sa strahom,

nepovjerenjem,

mistrust,

nepoštivanjem,

disrespect,

i nepotrebnom neugodom.

and unnecessary unpleasantness.

Liječnička ordinacija je samo mjesto gdje idemo kada nam nije dobro.

The doctor's office is only a place that you go when you don't feel well.

And when you do go, you might wait for hours

A kada i odemo, možemo čekati satima,

only to get the run-around

samo kako bi nam postavljali neugodna pitanja

and to be evaluated by a stoic figure in a white coat

i kako bi nas pregledavala stoička osoba u bijeloj kuti

who only has 10 minutes to give you

koja vam može posvetiti 10 minuta

and who doesn't value the talk.

i koja ne vrednuje razgovor.

So it's no wonder that some men don't want to be bothered

Stoga nije ni čudo što se nekima ne da time gnjaviti

and skip going to the doctor altogether,

te preskaču cijeli postupak odlaska liječniku,

naročito ako se dobro osjećaju.

especially if they feel fine.

But herein lies the problem.

No u tome i jest problem.

You can feel just fine

Možete se dobro osjećati,

while high blood pressure ravages your most vital organs.

dok vam visok krvni tlak razara vitalne organe.

This is Denny Moe,

Ovo je Denny Moe,

owner of Denny Moe's Superstar Barbershop in Harlem.

vlasnik brijačnice Denny Moe's Superstar Barbershop u Harlemu.

I've been lucky enough to have Denny as my barber for the last eight years.

Imao sam dovoljno sreće da je Denny moj brijač zadnjih osam godina.

He said to me once,

Jednom mi je rekao

"Hey Doc, you know,

"Znaš Doc,

lots of black men trust their barbers more than they trust their doctors."

dosta crnaca vjeruje svojim brijačima više nego vlastitim liječnicima."

This was stunning to me,

To me zaista iznenadilo,

at first,

na prvu,

but not so much when you think about it.

ali više ne toliko ako malo o tome razmislite.

Black men have been with their current barbers

Crnci većinom svoje brijače

on average as long as I've been with Denny,

imaju u prosjeku jednako dugo kao ja Dennyja,

about eight years.

otprilike osam godina.

And black men see their barbers about every two weeks.

Crnac odlazi svom brijaču otprilike svaki drugi tjedan.

Not only do you trust your barber with your look and with your style,

Ne samo da vjerujete svom brijaču što se tiče izgleda i stila,

but you also trust him with your secrets and sometimes your life.

nego mu povjeravate svoje tajne, pa nekada i svoj život.

Denny, like many barbers, is more than just an artist,

Denny, kao mnogi brijači, je mnogo više nego samo umjetnik,

a businessman and confidant.

biznismen i osoba od povjerenja.

He's a leader and a passionate advocate for the well-being of his community.

On je vođa i stravstveni zagovarač općeg dobra u svojoj zajednici.

The very first time I walked into Denny Moe's shop,

Kada sam prvi put ušetao u Dennyjevu brijačnicu,

he wasn't just cutting hair.

nije mi samo ošišao kosu.

He was also orchestrating a voter registration drive

On je također orkestrirao registraciju birača

to give a voice to his customers and his community.

kako bi dao glas svojim mušterijama i zajednici.

Sa takvim aktivizmom,

With this kind of activism,

and community investment that typifies the black barbershop,

i ulaganjem u zajednicu koji su tipični za crnačku brijačnicu,

of course the barbershop is a perfect place

naravno da je brijačnica savršeno mjesto

za razgovor o visokom krvnom tlaku i drugim zdravstvenim brigama u zajednici.

to talk about high blood pressure and other health concerns in the community.

First, the barbershop is not a medical setting,

Prvo, brijačnica se ne nalazi u medicinskom okruženju,

i stoga ne nosi svu negativnu psihološku prtljagu

and so it doesn't have all the negative psychological baggage

that comes along with that.

koja dolazi s time.

When you're in a barbershop,

Kada ste u brijačnici,

you're in your territory, and you're among friends

vi ste na svom području, i vi ste među prijateljima

who share your history,

koji dijele vašu povijest,

your struggle and your health risks.

vašu borbu i vaše zdravstvene rizike.

Second, because the barbershop is a place of connection,

Drugo, zato što je brijačnica mjesto spajanja,

loyalty and trust,

lojalnosti i povjerenja,

it's a place where you're more open to have a conversation about health

to je mjesto gdje ste otvoreniji za razgovor o zdravlju

and especially about high blood pressure.

i posebno o visokom krvnom tlaku.

Naposljetku,

After all,

conversations about high blood pressure have all the elements of great shop talk:

razgovori o visokom krvnom tlaku imaju sve elemente dobrog razgovoru u trgovini:

stres i visoki krvni tlak,

stress and high blood pressure,

food and high blood pressure,

hrana i visoki krvni tlak,

relationships and high blood pressure,

veze i visoki krvni tlak,

and yes, what it's like to be a black man in America

i da, kako je to biti crnac u Americi

and high blood pressure.

i visoki krvni tlak.

But you can do more than just talk about high blood pressure

Ali možete učiniti mnogo više nego samo razgovarati o tlaku

in the barbershop.

dok ste u brijačnici.

You can concretely take action.

Možete poduzeti konkretne korake.

Here we have an opportunity to partner with the Denny Moe's of the world

Imamo priliku surađivati sa Denny Moeovima ovoga svijeta

and empower communities to address the health inequities

i osnažiti zajednice kako bi obratili pažnju na zdravstvene nepravde

that uniquely affect it.

koje djeluju na iste te zajednice.

When high blood pressure screening expanded from clinics and hospitals

Kad su se pretrage visokog krvnog tlaka proširile od klinika i bolnica

to communities in the 1960s and '70s,

na zajednice u 60-ima i 70-ima,

black physicians like Dr. Eli Saunders in Baltimore

crni doktori poput Dr. Eli Saunders u Baltimore-u

and Dr. Keith Ferdinand in New Orleans

i Dr. Keith Ferdinand-a u New Orleans-u

were at the forefront of bringing health promotion to community hubs

su bili na čelu donošenja promocije zdravstva zajednicama

in urban black neighborhoods.

u urbanim crnačkim četvrtima.

These pioneers paved the way for my professional journey

Ovi pioniri su utrli put mom profesionalnom putovanju

with barbershops and health,

sa brijačnicama i zdravljem,

which began in Chicago in medical school.

koje je započelo u Chicagu u medicinskoj školi.

The very first research project that I worked on as a medical student

Prvi istraživački projekt na kojem sam radio kao student medicine

was to help design healthcare interventions

bio je pomoći dizajnirati zdravstvene intervencije

that would appeal to black men.

koje će privući crnce.

We conducted about a dozen focus groups

Proveli smo oko tucet fokus grupa

with a broad cross-section of black men,

sa širokim dijapazonom crnih ljudi,

i saznali smo da za njih,

and we learned that for them,

being healthy was as much about being perceived as healthy

zdrav je značilo biti smatran zdravim isto toliko

as it was about feeling healthy,

koliko je značilo osjećati se zdravim,

and that feeling good went hand in hand with looking good.

i da osjećati se dobro je bilo isto kao i izgledati dobro.

Ovaj rad je doveo do razvoja Projekta Bratstva,

This work led to the development of Project Brotherhood,

a community clinic founded by Dr. Eric Whitaker

klinika zajednice koju je osnovao Dr. Eric Whitaker

that provided tailored healthcare to black men.

koja je pružala zdravstvenu zaštitu po mjeri za crnce.

Part of this tailored care

Dio te zaštite po mjeri

involved having a barber on the premises

je uključivao imati brijača u prostorijama

to reward the men who came for needed healthcare

kako bi se nagradili ljudi koji su došli za potrebno zdravstvo

with a free haircut,

sa besplatnim šišanjem,

to let the men know that we, too, valued how they looked

kako bi dali ljudima do znanja da smo i mi cijenili kako izgledaju

a ujedno kako se i osjećaju,

as well as how they felt,

i da ono što je važno za njih je također važno za nas.

and that what was important to them was also important to us.

But while there's only one Project Brotherhood,

No, dok postoji samo jedan Projekt Bratstva,

there are thousands of black barbershops

postoji tisuće brijačnica

where the intersection of health and haircuts can be cultivated.

gdje se sjecište zdravlja i frizure mogu njegovati.

The next stop on my journey was Dallas, Texas,

Sljedeća stanica na mom putu bio je Dallas, Texas,

gdje smo saznali da brijači ne samo da su bili spremni

where we learned that barbers were not only willing

but fully able to roll up their sleeves and participate

već su u potpunosti mogli zasukati rukave i sudjelovati

in delivering needed health services to improve the health of their customers

u pružanju potrebne zdravstvene usluge za poboljšanje zdravlja svojih klijenata

and their community.

i njihove zajednice.

We teamed up with an amazing cadre of black barbers

Složili smo tim izvrsnih brijača

and taught them how to measure blood pressure

te smo ih naučili kako se mjeri krvni tlak,

and how to counsel their customers

kako savjetovati svoje mušterije

and refer them to doctors

i uputiti ih liječniku

to help manage high blood pressure.

kako bi im pomogli savladati visok tlak.

The barbers were not only willing to do it

Brijači ne samo da su bili voljni učiniti to,

but they were damn good at it.

nego su bili i vraški dobri.

Over a three-year period,

u periodu od tri godine,

the barbers measured thousands of blood pressures

brijači su preko tisuću puta mjerili krvni tlak, što je

resulting in hundreds of black men being referred to doctors

rezultiralo time da je stotine crnaca bilo upućeno liječnicima

for medical care of their high blood pressure.

kako bi liječili visok tlak.

These barber-doctor partnerships

Ova partnerstva između brijača i liječnika

su rezultirala u povećanju od 20 posto broja muškaraca

resulted in a 20 percent increase in the number of men

who were able to achieve target blood pressure levels

koji su uspjeli postići ciljanu razinu krvnog tlaka

and a three-point drop, on average,

i pad od tri razine, u prosjeku,

in the blood pressure of each participant.

u krvnom tlaku svakog sudionika.

If we were to extrapolate that three point drop

Kada bi postigli isti rezultat

to every single black man with high blood pressure in America,

kod svakog crnca sa visokim krvnim tlakom u Americi,

we would prevent 800 heart attacks, 500 strokes and 900 deaths

spriječili bi 800 srčanih udara, 500 moždanih udara i 900

smrtnih slučaja uzrokovanih visokim tlakom,

from high blood pressure

in just one year.

u roku od godinu dana.

And our experience with barbershops has been no different in New York City,

Naše iskustvo sa brijačnicama se nije nimalo promijenilo

u New Yorku, kamo me trenutno doveo moj put.

where my journey has currently led me.

With an incredible team of diverse research assistants,

S izvanrednim timom sastavljenim od raznih ispitnih asistenata,

community health workers and volunteers,

zdravstvenim djelatnicima i volonterima,

we've been able to partner with over 200 barbershops

uspjeli smo postići partnerstvo sa više od 200 brijačnica

and other trusted community venues

te ostalim obrtima u zajednici koje uživaju povjerenje

to reach over 7,000 older black men.

kako bi došli do preko 7000 crnaca starije dobi.

And we've offered high blood pressure screening and counseling

Ponudili smo im provjeru krvnoga tlaka i savjetovanje,

to each and every one of them.

i to svakome od njih.

Thanks to Denny Moe

Zahvaljujući Denny Moeu

and the myriad other barbers and community leaders

te mnoštvu drugih brijača i vođa zajednica

koji su imali zajedničku viziju mogućnosti i osnaživanja

who shared the vision of opportunity and empowerment

kako bi napravili promjenu u svojim zajednicama,

to make a difference in their communities,

we've been able to not only lower blood pressure

ne samo da smo našim sudionicima uspjeli

in our participants,

sniziti krvni tlak,

nego smo uspjeli utjecati i na druge indikatore zdravlja.

but we've also been able to impact other health indicators.

So what do you see?

Dakle, što vidite?

What is your barbershop?

Što je vaša brijačnica?

Where is that place for you

Gdje se nalazi vaše mjesto

where people who are affected by a unique problem

gdje ljudi zatečeni zajedničkim problemom

mogu pronaći zajedničko rješenje?

can meet a unique solution?

When you find that place, see the opportunity.

Kada pronađete to mjesto, iskoristite priliku.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)