Ken Goldberg: 4 lessons from robots about being human

Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha

Prevoditelj: Kristina Loncar Recezent: Katarina Smetko

I know this is going to sound strange,

Znam da će ovo zvučati čudno,

but I think robots can inspire us to be better humans.

ali mislim da nas roboti mogu nadahnuti

da postanemo bolji ljudi.

Vidite, odrastao sam u Bethlehemu, u Pennsylvaniji,

See, I grew up in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania,

the home of Bethlehem Steel.

domu tvrtke Bethlehem Steel.

My father was an engineer,

Moj otac je bio inženjer

i dok sam odrastao, učio me

and when I was growing up, he would teach me how things worked.

kako stvari rade.

Radili smo na zajedničkim projektima,

We would build projects together,

like model rockets and slot cars.

poput modela raketa i autića za utrkivanje.

Here's the go-kart that we built together.

Ovo je go-kart koji smo zajedno izradili.

To sam ja za volanom,

That's me behind the wheel,

with my sister and my best friend at the time.

sa svojom sestrom i tadašnjim najboljim prijateljem.

And one day,

Jednog dana,

he came home, when I was about 10 years old,

otac je došao kući, kad sam imao 10-ak godina,

and at the dinner table, he announced

i za večerom objavio

that for our next project, we were going to build ...

da ćemo za sljedeći projekt izgraditi robota.

a robot.

A robot.

Robota.

Naravno da sam bio ushićen zbog toga

Now, I was thrilled about this,

because at school, there was a bully named Kevin,

jer je u školi bio

nasilnik imenom Kevin,

koji me maltretirao

and he was picking on me,

because I was the only Jewish kid in class.

jer sam bio jedini Židov u razredu.

So I couldn't wait to get started to work on this,

Jedva sam čekao da počnemo raditi na tome

so I could introduce Kevin to my robot.

kako bih mogao upoznati Kevina sa svojim robotom. (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

(Robot noises)

(Zvuci robota)

(Laughter)

But that wasn't the kind of robot my dad had in mind.

No, moj otac nije na umu imao takvog robota.

(Laughter)

See, he owned a chromium-plating company,

On je imao tvrtku za kromirane oplate,

and they had to move heavy steel parts between tanks of chemicals.

u kojoj su morali micati

teške čelične dijelove između spremnika s kemikalijama,

i trebao je ovakvog industrijskog robota

And so he needed an industrial robot like this,

that could basically do the heavy lifting.

koji bi uglavnom mogao dizati te teške stvari.

But my dad didn't get the kind of robot he wanted, either.

No, ni tata nije dobio robota kakvog je htio.

He and I worked on it for several years,

On i ja radili smo na njemu nekoliko godina,

but it was the 1970s, and the technology that was available to amateurs

ali to su bile 1970-e

i tehnologija koja bi bila dostupna amaterima

jednostavno nije postojala.

just wasn't there yet.

So Dad continued to do this kind of work by hand.

Tata je nastavio raditi takve poslove ručno

And a few years later,

i par godina kasnije

he was diagnosed with cancer.

dijagnosticirali su mu rak.

You see,

Robot kojeg smo pokušavali napraviti

what the robot we were trying to build was telling him

nije mu pomagao pri dizanju teških stvari,

was not about doing the heavy lifting.

It was a warning

već ga je upozoravao na izloženost otrovnim kemikalijama.

about his exposure to the toxic chemicals.

On to tada nije prepoznao

He didn't recognize that at the time,

and he contracted leukemia.

i dobio je leukemiju

And he died at the age of 45.

i umro u 45. godini života.

To me shrvalo,

I was devastated by this.

And I never forgot the robot that he and I tried to build.

ali nikad nisam zaboravio robota kojeg smo pokušali izraditi.

When I was at college, I decided to study engineering, like him.

Odlučio sam studirati inženjerstvo, poput oca.

Studirao sam na sveučilištu Carnegie Mellon i doktrorirao robotiku.

And I went to Carnegie Mellon, and I earned my PhD in robotics.

I've been studying robots ever since.

Od tada proučavam robote.

So what I'd like to tell you about are four robot projects,

Htio bih vam, dakle, govoriti

o četiri projekta s robotima

i o tome kako su me oni nadahnuli da postanem bolji čovjek.

and how they've inspired me to be a better human.

By 1993, I was a young professor at USC,

1993. godine bio sam mladi profesor na USC-u,

and I was just building up my own robotics lab,

osnivao sam vlastiti laboratorij za robotiku

and this was the year the World Wide Web came out.

a te se godine pojavio i World Wide Web.

And I remember my students were the ones who told me about it,

Sjećam se da su mi moji studenti

rekli za to

and we would -- we were just amazed.

i bili smo -- bili smo zapanjeni.

We started playing with this, and that afternoon,

Počeli smo se igrati time i tog smo poslijepodneva

we realized that we could use this new, universal interface

shvatili da preko tog novog, univerzalnog sučelja

to allow anyone in the world to operate the robot in our lab.

možemo bilo kome u svijetu omogućiti

da upravlja robotom u našem laboratoriju.

Umjesto da se bori ili radi industrijske poslove,

So, rather than have it fight or do industrial work,

we decided to build a planter,

odlučili smo izraditi sadilicu,

put the robot into the center of it,

i staviti robota u središte.

and we called it the Telegarden.

To smo nazvali Telegarden.

And we had put a camera in the gripper of the hand of the robot,

Stavili smo kamere na hvataljke ruke robota

i napisali posebne upute i softver

and we wrote some special scripts and software,

kako bi bilo tko u svijetu mogao doći

so that anyone in the world could come in,

i klikanjem po ekranu

and by clicking on the screen,

they could move the robot around and visit the garden.

micati robota uokolo

te posjetiti vrt.

But we also set up some other software

Također smo nadogradili drugim softverom

that lets you participate and help us water the garden, remotely.

koji vam omogućava da sudjelujete i pomognete nam u zalijevanju vrta

daljinskim upravljanjem. Kad ga zalijete nekoliko puta,

And if you watered it a few times,

we'd give you your own seed to plant.

dali bismo vam vlastito sjeme koje možete zasaditi.

Now, this was an engineering project,

To je bio inženjerski projekt

and we published some papers on the system design of it,

pa smo objavili nekoliko radova o oblikovanju,

o oblikovanju sustava, ali smo ga smatrali

but we also thought of it as an art installation.

i umjetničkom instalacijom.

It was invited, after the first year,

Nakon prve godine pozvao nas je

by the Ars Electronica Museum in Austria,

muzej Ars Electronica iz Austrije

to have it installed in their lobby.

da ga postavimo u njihovo predvorje.

Sretan sam što mogu reći da je ondje bio online

And I'm happy to say, it remained online there, 24 hours a day,

24 sata na dan gotovo devet godina.

for almost nine years.

That robot was operated by more people

Tim je robotom upravljalo više ljudi

than any other robot in history.

nego ikojim drugim robotom u povijesti.

Now, one day,

Jednog dana,

I got a call out of the blue from a student,

dobio sam neočekivan poziv

od jednog studenta

who asked a very simple but profound question.

koji me pitao vrlo jednostavno, ali duboko pitanje.

Rekao je: "Postoji li stvarno taj robot?"

He said, "Is the robot real?"

Now, everyone else had assumed it was,

Svi drugi pretpostavljali su da postoji,

and we knew it was, because we were working with it.

a mi smo to znali jer smo na njemu radili.

But I knew what he meant,

No, znao sam na što je mislio

because it would be possible

jer bilo bi moguće uzeti mnoštvo slika cvjetova iz vrta

to take a bunch of pictures of flowers in a garden

i onda ih samo ubaciti

and then, basically, index them in a computer system,

u računalni sustav kako bi izgledalo

such that it would appear that there was a real robot,

kao da postoji robot, a zapravo ga nema.

when there wasn't.

And the more I thought about it,

Što sam više razmišljao o tome, nisam mogao smisliti

I couldn't think of a good answer for how he could tell the difference.

dobar odgovor kako vidjeti razliku.

To se dogodilo otprilike u vrijeme kad mi je bilo ponuđen posao

This was right about the time that I was offered a position

ovdje u Berkeleyju.

here at Berkeley.

And when I got here,

Kad sam stigao ovamo, potražio sam Huberta Dreyfusa,

I looked up Hubert Dreyfus,

who's a world-renowned professor of philosophy,

svjetski poznatog profesora filozofije.

And I talked with him about this and he said,

Razgovarao sam s njime o tome i rekao je:

"To je jedan od najstarijih i najvećih problema

"This is one of the oldest and most central problems in philosophy.

u filozofiji. Postoji još od Skeptika,

It goes back to the Skeptics and up through Descartes.

pa sve do Descartesa.

It's the issue of epistemology,

To je problem epistemologije,

the study of how do we know that something is true."

proučavanja toga kako znamo da je nešto istina."

So he and I started working together,

Tako smo počeli raditi zajedno

and we coined a new term: "telepistemology,"

i skovali smo novi termin: telepistemologiju,

proučavanje znanja na daljinu.

the study of knowledge at a distance.

We invited leading artists, engineers and philosophers

Pozvali smo vodeće umjetnike, inženjere i filozofe

da napišu eseje o tome,

to write essays about this,

and the results are collected in this book from MIT Press.

a rezultati su skupljeni u ovoj knjizi

u izdanju MIT Pressa.

So thanks to this student,

Zahvaljujući tom studentu koji je posumnjao

who questioned what everyone else had assumed to be true,

u ono za što su svi drugi pretpostavili da je istina,

this project taught me an important lesson about life,

taj me projekt naučio važnu lekciju o životu,

which is to always question assumptions.

a to je da uvijek treba preispitivati pretpostavke.

Now, the second project I'll tell you about

Drugi projekt o kojem ću vam govoriti

grew out of the Telegarden.

proizašao je iz Telegardena.

As it was operating, my students and I were very interested

Dok je radio, moje studente i mene zanimalo je

in how people were interacting with each other,

u kakvoj su ljudi bili interakciji jedni s drugima

and what they were doing with the garden.

i što su radili s vrtom.

Počeli smo razmišljati što bi bilo kad bi robot mogao izići iz vrta

So we started thinking:

what if the robot could leave the garden

i otići u neko drugo

and go out into some other interesting environment?

zanimljivo okruženje?

Like, for example, what if it could go to a dinner party

Na primjer, što kad bi mogao otići na večeru

u Bijelu kuću? (Smijeh)

at the White House?

(Laughter)

So, because we were interested more in the system design

Budući da su nas oblikovanje sustava

and the user interface than in the hardware,

i korisničko sučelje zanimali više nego hardver,

we decided that,

odlučili smo,

rather than have a robot replace the human to go to the party,

umjesto da robot zamijeni čovjeka na večeri,

we'd have a human replace the robot.

imati čovjeka da zamijeni robota.

We called it the Tele-Actor.

Nazvali smo ga Tele-Actor.

We got a human,

Uzeli smo čovjeka,

someone who's very outgoing and gregarious,

nekoga tko je vrlo otvoren i društven.

and she was outfitted with a helmet with various equipment,

Bila je opremljena kacigom

s raznom opremom, kamerama i mikrofonima,

cameras and microphones,

and then a backpack with wireless Internet connection.

te ruksakom s bežičnim pristupom Internetu.

And the idea was that she could go

Ideja je bila da bi mogla otići u udaljenu,

into a remote and interesting environment,

zanimljivu okolinu, a ljudi bi, preko Interneta,

and then over the Internet,

people could experience what she was experiencing.

mogli doživjeti isto što i ona,

So they could see what she was seeing,

mogli bi vidjeti što ona vidi.

but then, more importantly, they could participate,

Što je još važnije, mogli bi sudjelovati

by interacting with each other and coming up with ideas

međusobnom interakcijom

i davanjem ideja što bi sljedeće mogla učiniti

about what she should do next and where she should go,

i kamo da ide

and then conveying those to the Tele-Actor.

te bi to prenijeli Tele-Actoru.

So we got a chance to take the Tele-Actor

Dobili smo priliku da predstavimo Tele-Actora

to the Webby Awards in San Francisco.

na Webby Awards u San Franciscu.

And that year, Sam Donaldson was the host.

Te je godine domaćin bio Sam Donaldson.

Malo prije no što se digao zastor, imao sam oko 30 sekundi

Just before the curtain went up, I had about 30 seconds

da objasnim g. Donaldsonu što ćemo učiniti.

to explain to Mr. Donaldson what we were going to do.

Rekao sam:

And I said, "The Tele-Actor is going to be joining you onstage.

"Tele-Actor će biti s vama na pozornici.

This is a new experimental project,

To je novi pokusni projekt,

ljudi je gledaju na svojim ekranima.

and people are watching her on their screens,

there's cameras involved and there's microphones

Ima -- tu su kamere i mikrofoni,

a ima i bubu u uhu.

and she's got an earbud in her ear,

and people over the network are giving her advice

Ljudi u mreži daju joj savjete

što da sljedeće napravi."

about what to do next."

On je rekao: "Čekaj malo,

And he said, "Wait a second.

That's what I do."

to je moj posao." (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

So he loved the concept,

Svidjela mu se ideja,

and when the Tele-Actor walked onstage, she walked right up to him,

i kad je Tele-Actor stupio na pozornicu,

otišla je do njega i dala mu velik poljubac

and she gave him a big kiss right on the lips.

ravno u usta. (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

We were totally surprised -- we had no idea that would happen.

Bili smo potpuno iznenađeni.

Nismo imali pojma da će se to dogoditi.

And he was great, he just gave her a big hug in return,

Bio je odličan. Uzvratio joj je velikim zagrljajem

and it worked out great.

i ispalo je sjajno.

But that night, as we were packing up,

No, te noći, dok smo se pakirali,

I asked the Tele-Actor, how did the Tele-Directors decide

pitao sam Tele-Actora kako su Tele-Direktori odlučili

dati poljubac Samu Donaldsonu?

that they would give a kiss to Sam Donaldson?

And she said they hadn't.

Rekla je da nisu to odlučili.

She said, when she was just about to walk onstage,

Rekla je da, baš kad je trebala stupiti na pozornicu,

the Tele-Directors still were trying to agree on what to do,

Tele-Direktori su se još pokušavali dogovoriti što da učine,

and so she just walked onstage and did what felt most natural.

pa je tako samo ušla na pozornicu

i učinila ono što joj je bilo najprirodnije. (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

So, the success of the Tele-Actor that night

Dakle, za uspjeh Tele-Actora te noći

was due to the fact that she was a wonderful actor.

zaslužno je to što je ona odlična glumica.

She knew when to trust her instincts.

Znala je kada treba vjerovati instinktima.

And so that project taught me another lesson about life,

Tako me taj projekt naučio još jednu lekciju o životu:

which is that, when in doubt, improvise.

kad ne znaš što bi, improviziraj. (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

Now, the third project grew out of my experience

Treći projekt proizašao je

iz mog iskustva kad mi je otac bio u bolnici.

when my father was in the hospital.

Bio je na liječenju,

He was undergoing a treatment -- chemotherapy treatments --

na kemoterapiji, a postoji i slična terapija,

and there's a related treatment called brachytherapy,

brahiterapija, u kojoj se sitne radioaktivne čestice

where tiny, radioactive seeds are placed into the body

stavljaju u tijelo kako bi izliječile kancerogene tumore.

to treat cancerous tumors.

And the way it's done, as you can see here,

To se izvodi, kao što vidite ovdje,

is that surgeons insert needles into the body

tako da doktori ubadaju igle po tijelu

to deliver the seeds.

kako bi doveli čestice i sve to,

And all these needles are inserted in parallel.

sve te igle postavljene su paralelno

So it's very common that some of the needles penetrate sensitive organs.

pa vrlo često neke od igala

probiju osjetljive organe

And as a result, the needles damage these organs, cause damage,

i tako oštećuju organe i prouzročuju štetu

which leads to trauma and side effects.

koja dovodi do traume i nuspojava.

So my students and I wondered:

Tako smo se moji studenti i ja pitali, što kad bismo mogli

what if we could modify the system,

promijeniti sustav

so that the needles could come in at different angles?

tako da igle mogu ulaziti pod različitim kutovima?

So we simulated this;

Simulirali smo to i razvili

we developed some optimization algorithms and we simulated this.

nekoliko optimizacijskih algoritama

And we were able to show

te smo uspjeli pokazati da možemo izbjeći

that we are able to avoid the delicate organs,

osjetljive organe, a ipak postići

and yet still achieve the coverage of the tumors with the radiation.

pokrivenost tumora radijacijom.

So now, we're working with doctors at UCSF

Trenutno radimo s liječnicima na UCSF-u

and engineers at Johns Hopkins,

i inženjerima iz Johns Hopkinsa

and we're building a robot that has a number of --

i gradimo robota koji ima brojne --

it's a specialized design with different joints

specijaliziranog je dizajna, sa zglobovima koji omogućuju

that can allow the needles to come in at an infinite variety of angles.

da igle budu ubodene pod beskrajno mnogo kutova.

And as you can see here, they can avoid delicate organs

Kao što možete ovdje vidjeti, izbjeći će osjetljive organe,

a opet doseći ciljana mjesta.

and still reach the targets they're aiming for.

Preispitivanjem pretpostavke da igle

So, by questioning this assumption that all the needles have to be parallel,

moraju biti postavljene paralelno, taj me projekt naučio

this project also taught me an important lesson:

važnu lekciju: Kad ne znaš što bi --

When in doubt, when your path is blocked, pivot.

Kada ti je put zakrčen, zakreni se.

And the last project also has to do with medical robotics.

Zadnji projekt također ima veze s medicinskom robotikom.

And this is something that's grown out of a system

Ovo je proizašlo iz sustava

called the da Vinci surgical robot.

koji se zove da Vincijev kirurški robot,

And this is a commercially available device.

koji je komercijalno dostupan uređaj.

It's being used in over 2,000 hospitals around the world.

Koristi ga više od 2000 bolnica diljem svijeta,

a omogućuje kirurgu

The idea is it allows the surgeon to operate comfortably

da udobno djeluje u svojem vlastitom koordinatnom okviru.

in his own coordinate frame.

No, mnogi podzadaci u kirurgiji

Many of the subtasks in surgery are very routine and tedious, like suturing,

vrlo su rutinski i dosadni, poput šivanja,

and currently, all of these are performed

i trenutno se svi provode

under the specific and immediate control of the surgeon.

pod posebnom i neposrednom kontrolom kirurga

So the surgeon becomes fatigued over time.

pa se kirurg s vremenom umara.

Razmišljali smo,

And we've been wondering,

what if we could program the robot to perform some of these subtasks,

što kad bismo mogli programirati robota

da obavlja neke od tih podzadataka

and thereby free the surgeon

kako bi se kirurzi mogli slobodno koncentrirati

to focus on the more complicated parts of the surgery,

na kompliciranije dijelove operacije?

and also cut down on the time that the surgery would take

I bi li operacije mogle biti kraće

if we could get the robot to do them a little bit faster?

kad bi robot te zadatke mogao obavljati malo brže?

Now, it's hard to program a robot to do delicate things like this.

Teško je programirati robota da radi takve osjetljive stvari,

ali doznao sam da je moj kolega Pieter Abbeel,

But it turns out my colleague Pieter Abbeel, who's here at Berkeley,

koji je ovdje na Berkeleyju,

has developed a new set of techniques for teaching robots from example.

razvio nove tehnike kojima uči robote na primjerima.

So he's gotten robots to fly helicopters,

Tako je imao robote koji upravljaju helikopterima,

do incredibly interesting, beautiful acrobatics,

izvode nevjerojatno zanimljive, prekrasne akrobacije

by watching human experts fly them.

gledajući ljudske majstore kako ih izvode.

Dobili smo jednoga od tih robota.

So we got one of these robots.

We started working with Pieter and his students.

Počeli smo raditi s Pieterom i njegovim studentima

And we asked a surgeon to perform a task --

i zamolili smo jednoga kirurga da izvede zadatak

a mi tada s robotom,

with the robot.

So what we're doing is asking the surgeon to perform the task,

tražimo od robota --

kirurg treba izvesti zadatak,

and we record the motions of the robot.

a mi snimamo pokrete robota.

So here's an example.

Evo primjera. Uzet ću oblik osmice,

I'll use tracing out a figure eight as an example.

pratit ću oblik osmice za primjer.

Ovako to izgleda kad robot --

So here's what it looks like when the robot --

this is what the robot's path looks like, those three examples.

ovako izgleda robotov put,

ta tri primjera.

Now, those are much better than what a novice like me could do,

To je mnogo bolje nego što bi početnik kao ja

mogao napraviti, ali još uvijek je grčevito i neprecizno.

but they're still jerky and imprecise.

So we record all these examples, the data,

Snimili smo sve te primjere, podatke,

i prošli kroz slijed koraka.

and then go through a sequence of steps.

Prvo smo koristili tehniku dinamičkog savijanja vremena

First, we use a technique called dynamic time warping

from speech recognition.

iz prepoznavanja govora, i to nam je omogućilo

And this allows us to temporally align all of the examples.

da privremeno poravnamo sve primjere.

And then we apply Kalman filtering, a technique from control theory,

Zatim izvršimo Kalmanovo filtriranje,

tehniku iz teorije kontrole, koja nam omogućava

that allows us to statistically analyze all the noise

da statistički analiziramo buku

i izlučimo željenu putanju koja joj je temelj.

and extract the desired trajectory that underlies them.

Now we take those human demonstrations --

Zatim uzmemo te ljudske demonstracije,

they're all noisy and imperfect --

bučne i nesavršene,

and we extract from them an inferred task trajectory

i izlučimo iz njih pretpostavljenu putanju zadatka

and control sequence for the robot.

i kontrolni slijed za robota.

We then execute that on the robot,

To primijenimo na robotu,

we observe what happens,

gledamo što se događa,

then we adjust the controls,

te prilagodimo kontrole koristeći slijed tehnika

using a sequence of techniques called iterative learning.

koji se zove iterativno učenje.

Then what we do is we increase the velocity a little bit.

Zatim malo povećamo brzinu.

We observe the results, adjust the controls again,

Promatramo rezultate, ponovno prilagodimo kontrole

i promatramo što se događa.

and observe what happens.

And we go through this several rounds.

Nekoliko puta prolazimo kroz taj postupak.

And here's the result.

Evo rezultata.

That's the inferred task trajectory,

To je pretpostavljena putanja zadatka,

and here's the robot moving at the speed of the human.

a ovo je robot koji se miče ljudskom brzinom.

Here's four times the speed of the human.

Ovo je četiri puta brže.

Here's seven times.

Ovdje sedam puta.

And here's the robot operating at 10 times the speed of the human.

I ovdje je robot koji radi 10 puta brže

od brzine čovjeka.

So we're able to get a robot to perform a delicate task

Dakle, robot može izvršiti osjetljiv zadatak

like a surgical subtask,

poput kirurškog podzadatka

at 10 times the speed of a human.

u brzini deset puta većoj od čovjekove.

So this project also,

Ovaj projekt također, budući da uključuje vježbanje

because of its involved practicing and learning,

i učenje, neprestano ponavljanje nečega,

doing something over and over again,

this project also has a lesson, which is:

iz ovog projekta također možemo naučiti jednu lekciju:

if you want to do something well,

ako želiš nešto učiniti dobro,

nema druge nego vježbati, vježbati, vježbati.

there's no substitute for practice, practice, practice.

To su četiri pouke koje sam tijekom godina

So these are four of the lessons that I've learned from robots

naučio od robota.

over the years.

I robotika -- područje robotike mnogo se poboljšalo

And the field of robotics has gotten much better over time.

tijekom vremena.

Nowadays, high school students can build robots,

Danas srednjškolci mogu izrađivati robote

like the industrial robot my dad and I tried to build.

poput onog industrijskog kojeg smo moj otac i ja pokušali izraditi.

But, it's very -- now ...

Sada imam kćer,

And now, I have a daughter,

named Odessa.

zove se Odessa.

She's eight years old.

Ima osam godina

And she likes robots, too.

i također voli robote.

Maybe it runs in the family.

Možda je to nešto nasljedno. (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

I wish she could meet my dad.

Volio bih da je mogla upoznati mojega oca.

And now I get to teach her how things work,

Sada je mogu učiti kako stvari rade,

and we get to build projects together.

možemo zajedno raditi na projektima i pitam se

And I wonder what kind of lessons she'll learn from them.

kakve će ona pouke iz njih izvući.

Robots are the most human of our machines.

Roboti su najljudskiji

od svih strojeva.

They can't solve all of the world's problems,

Oni ne mogu riješiti sve svjetske probleme,

but I think they have something important to teach us.

ali mislim da nas mogu naučiti nečemu bitnome.

I invite all of you

Pozivam vas sve da razmislite o inovacijama

to think about the innovations that you're interested in,

koje vas zanimaju,

the machines that you wish for.

strojevima koje želite

And think about what they might be telling you.

i promislite što bi vam mogli reći,

jer imam osjećaj

Because I have a hunch that many of our technological innovations,

da nas mnoge naše tehnološke inovacije,

the devices we dream about,

uređaji o kojima sanjamo,

mogu potaknuti da postanemo bolji ljudi.

can inspire us to be better humans.

Thank you.

Hvala. (Pljesak)

(Applause)