What it feels like to see Earth from space | Benjamin Grant

Prevoditelj: Biljana Ježik Recezent: Sanda L

It's Christmas Eve, 1968.

Badnjak je, 1968. godine.

The Apollo 8 spacecraft has successfully completed

Svemirska letjelica Apollo 8 uspješno je završila

its first three orbits around the moon.

prve tri orbite oko Mjeseca.

Launched from Cape Canaveral three days before,

Tri dana prije lansirana je s Cape Canaverala,

this is the first time

to je bio prvi put ikada

that humans have ever traveled beyond low Earth orbit.

da su ljudi putovali dalje od niske Zemljine orbite.

On the vessel's fourth pass,

Tijekom četvrtog letenja orbitom,

the Earth slowly comes into view

Zemlja se polako počinje nazirati

and reveals itself above the Moon's horizon.

i pokazuje se iznad Mjesečevog horizonta.

Astronaut Bill Anders frantically asks his crewmates where their camera is,

Astronaut Bill Anders očajnički traži fotoaparat od članova posade,

grabs the Hasselblad, points it towards the window,

grabi Hasselblad, usmjerava ga prema prozoru,

presses the shutter,

pritišće prekidač

and takes one of the most important photographs of all time:

i slika jednu od najznačajnijih fotografija u povijesti:

"Earthrise."

"Izlazak Zemlje."

When the crew was safely home a few days later,

Kada je nekoliko dana kasnije posada stigla kući,

they were asked about the mission.

pitali su ih o misiji.

Anders famously replied,

Anders je slavno odgovorio:

"We went to the moon,

"Išli smo na Mjesec,

but we actually discovered Earth."

ali smo, zapravo, otkrili Zemlju."

What did he and his fellow crewmates feel

Kako su se on i njegovi kolege osjećali

in this incredible moment?

u tom nevjerojatnom trenutku?

In a study released just this past year,

U istraživanju objavljenom prošle godine,

a team of researchers at the University of Pennsylvania

tim znanstvenika Sveučilišta u Pennsylvaniji

examined the testimonies of hundreds of astronauts

pregledali su svjedočanstva stotine astronauta

who had the opportunity to view the Earth from space.

koji su imali priliku vidjeti Zemlju iz svemira.

Their analysis uncovered three common feelings:

Njihova je analiza otkrila tri zajedničke emocije:

first, a greater appreciation for Earth's beauty;

prvo, veće poštovanje prema ljepoti Zemlje;

second, an increased sense of connection to all other living beings;

drugo, pojačan osjećaj povezanosti s drugim živim bićima;

and third, an unexpected, often overwhelming sense of emotion.

i treće, neočekivanu, čestu preplavljenost emocijom.

The researchers believe that seeing the Earth from a great distance

Znanstvenici vjeruju da gledanje Zemlje iz velike udaljenosti

provokes someone to develop new cognitive frameworks

navodi ljude da razviju nove kognitivne okvire

to understand what they are seeing.

kako bi razumijeli ono što vide.

They believe these astronauts were forever changed

Vjeruju da su se ti astronauti zauvijek promijenili

by this new view,

zbog tog novog pogleda,

this new perspective,

nove perspektive,

this new visual truth.

te nove vizualne istine.

This feeling is commonly referred to as the "overview effect."

Taj se osjećaj obično naziva "učinkom preglednosti."

Only 558 people have ever been to outer space.

Samo je 558 ljudi ikada bilo u svemiru.

558 people had the opportunity

558 ljudi imalo je priliku

to gaze down in awe,

promatrati Zemlju s divljenjem,

to wonder at our planet

čuditi se našem planetu,

floating in an infinite sea of darkness.

plutajući u beskonačnom moru tame.

But what if that number were bigger?

Ali što da je ta brojka bila veća?

Three years ago, I set off on my own mission:

Prije tri godine, započeo sam vlastitu misiju:

to see if I could bring this feeling of overwhelming scale and beauty

pokušati približiti taj osjećaj golemog razmjera i ljepote

to many more people

mnogo većem broju ljudi,

just by using one small computer

koristeći samo malo računalo

in my small New York City apartment.

u mojem malom stanu u New Yorku.

It was then, in 2013, that I launched "Daily Overview."

Tada sam, 2013. godine, pokrenuo "Daily Overview".

Every day, I have used satellite imagery

Svakodnevno sam koristio satelitske snimke

to create one expansive overhead view of our planet.

kako bih izradio jedan opsežan pogled odozgo na naš planet.

More than 1,000 of these images have been created thus far,

Do sada je izrađeno preko 1000 takvih prikaza

and more than 600,000 people

i više od 600 000 ljudi

tune in for this daily dose of perspectives.

svakodnevno prati te perspektive.

I create the imagery by curating photos from the massive archive

Stvaram prikaze uređujući slike iz masivne arhive

of a satellite company called Digital Globe.

satelitske tvrtke Digital Globe.

They operate a constellation of five satellites,

Oni upravljaju sastavom od pet satelita,

each roughly the size of an ambulance,

svaki veličine ambulantnog vozila,

that is constantly taking pictures of the Earth

koji neprestano slikaju Zemlju

as they orbit at 28,000 kilometers per hour.

dok kruže orbitom brzinom od 28 000 kilometara na sat.

Now, what does this mean?

Što sve to znači?

Each of these satellites is equipped with a camera

Svaki je od tih satelita opremljen kamerom

that has a focal length of 16 meters,

koji ima žarišnu duljinu od 16 metara,

so that's roughly 290 times greater

što je otprilike 290 puta veće

than a DSLR camera equipped with a standard 55 millimeter lens.

od digitalne kamere koja ima standardnu 55-milimetarsku leću.

So if were able to attach one of their satellites

Zato, ako bismo mogli prikačiti jedan njihov satelit

to the roof of this theater in Oxford,

na krov ove dvorane u Oxfordu,

we could take a picture of a football,

mogli bismo uslikati nogometnu utakmicu

clearly, on the pitch at the stadium in Amsterdam.

vrlo jasno, na nogometnom terenu stadiona u Amsterdamu.

That's 450 kilometers away.

Radi se o udaljenosti od 450 kilometara.

That's incredibly powerful technology.

To je nevjerojatno snažna tehnologija.

And I decided at the beginning of this project

Na početku ovoga projekta odlučio sam

that I would use that incredible technology

da ću koristiti tu nevjerojatnu tehnologiju

to focus on the places

kako bih se usredotočio na mjesta

where humans have impacted the planet.

gdje su ljudi utjecali na planet.

As a species, we dig and scrape the Earth for resources,

Kao vrsta, kopamo i stružemo Zemlju zbog resursa,

we produce energy,

proizvodimo energiju,

we raise animals and cultivate crops for food,

odgajamo životinje i uzgajamo usjeve radi hrane,

we build cities, we move around,

gradimo gradove, selimo se,

we create waste.

stvaramo otpad.

And in the process of doing all of these things,

U tijeku događanja svega ovoga,

we shape landscapes and seascapes

oblikujemo krajolike zemlje i mora

and cityscapes with increasing control and impunity.

te panorame gradova nekažnjivo i uz veću kontrolu.

So with that in mind,

Imajući to na umu,

I would like to share a few of my overviews with you now.

sada bih htio podijeliti s vama nekoliko prikaza.

Here we see cargo ships and oil tankers

Ovdje vidimo teretne brodove i tankere za prijevoz nafte

waiting outside the entry to the port of Singapore.

dok čekaju pred ulazom u singapursku luku.

This facility is the second-busiest in the world by terms of total tonnage,

To je postrojenje drugo najprometnije u svijetu po ukupnoj tonaži,

accounting for one-fifth of the world's shipping containers

broji ukupno jednu petinu svjetskih prijevoznih kontejnera

and one half of the annual supply

i polovicu svjetske godišnje opskrbe

of crude oil.

sirovom naftom.

If you look closely at this overview, you'll see a lot of little specks.

Ako pobliže pogledate ovaj prikaz, vidjet ćete mnogo malih točkica.

Those are actually cows at a feedlot

To su, zapravo, krave u tovilištu

in Summerfield, Texas, in the United States.

u Summerfieldu, u Texasu, u Sjedinjenim Državama.

So once cows reach a particular weight,

Kada krave dosegnu određenu težinu,

roughly 300 kilograms,

od otprilike 300 kilograma,

they are moved here and placed on a specialized diet.

premještaju se ovdje i drži ih se na posebnoj prehrani.

Over the next three to four months, the cows gain an additional 180 kilograms

Tijekom sljedeća 3 do 4 mjeseca, krave dobiju dodatnih 180 kilograma,

before they are shipped off to slaughter.

prije nego ih se pošalje na klanje.

You're also probably wondering about this glowing pool at the top there.

Vjerojatno se pitate što predstavlja ovaj svjetleći bazen u kutu.

That gets its color from a unique combination of manure, chemicals

Boju je poprimio zbog posebne kombinacije gnojiva, kemikalija

and a particular type of algae that grows in the stagnant water.

i specifične vrste algi koja nastaje u vodi stajaćici.

This is the Mount Whaleback iron ore mine

Ovo je rudnik željezne rude Mount Whaleback

in the Pilbara region of Western Australia,

u regiji Pilbara u zapadnoj Australiji,

a beautiful yet scary scar on the face of the Earth.

lijep, ali i zastrašujući ožiljak na Zemljinoj površini.

Of the world's mined iron ore,

Iz svjetskih rudnika željeznih ruda,

98 percent is used to make steel

98 posto koristi se za proizvodnju čelika

and is therefore a major component in the construction of buildings,

i stoga je on glavna komponenta u izgradnji zgrada,

automobiles or appliances such as your dishwasher or refrigerator.

automobila ili uređaja poput vaše perilice posuđa ili hladnjaka.

This is a solar concentrator in Seville, Spain.

Ovo je solarni kolektor u Sevilli, u Španjolskoj.

So this facility contains 2,650 mirrors

Objekt se sastoji od 2,650 zrcala

which are arrayed in concentric circles around an 140-meter-tall tower

raspoređenih u koncentrične krugove oko tornja visokog 140 metara

at its center.

koji je u centru.

At the top of the tower,

Na vrhu tornja,

there is a capsule of molten salt

nalazi se kapsula otopljene soli

that gets heated by the beams of light reflected upwards

koju ugriju zrake svjetla reflektirane prema gore

from the mirrors below.

od donjih zrcala.

From there, the salt circulates to a storage tank underground,

Odatle, sol cirkulira u podzemni spremnik,

where it produces steam,

tamo proizvodi paru

which spins turbines

koja okreće turbine

and generates enough electricity to power 70,000 homes

i proizvodi dovoljno struje za 70 000 domova

and offsets 30,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions every year.

te neutralizira 30 000 tona zračenja ugljičnog dioksida svake godine.

This overview shows deforestation in Santa Cruz, Bolivia

Ovo je prikaz krčenja šuma u Santa Cruzu, u Boliviji,

immediately adjacent to untouched tracts of rainforest.

koje graniči s netaknutim površinama prašume.

Deforestation in the country has primarily been driven

Krčenje šuma je u zemlji, u prvom redu, nastalo

by the expansion of mechanized agriculture

zbog širenja mehanizirane poljoprivede

and cattle ranching,

i stočarskih farmi,

so as the country tries to meet the demand of its growing population

jer u nastojanju države da ispuni zahtjeve rastuće populacije

and feed them,

i nahrani je,

the sacrificial destruction of its rainforest

žrtveno uništavanje prašuma

has taken place to do so.

nastupilo je kao posljedica.

It is estimated that the country lost 4.5 million acres of rainforest

Procjenjuje se da je zemlja izgubila 4,5 milijuna jutara prašume

in one decade alone

samo u jednom desetljeću,

from 2000 until 2010.

od 2000. do 2010. godine.

This is the Eixample district in Barcelona, Spain.

Ovo je okrug Eixample u Barceloni, u Španjolskoj.

So the overview perspective can be incredibly helpful

Perspektiva odozgo može nam pomoći

to help us understand how cities function

da razumijemo kako gradovi funkcioniraju

and how we can devise smarter solutions for urban planning,

i da osmislimo mudrija rješenja za urbano planiranje,

and this will become only more relevant

što će postati još važnije,

as it is expected that 4.9 billion people will live in cities around the world

jer se očekuje da će 4,9 milijardi ljudi živjeti u gradovima

by the year 2030.

do 2030. godine.

This area of Barcelona is characterized by its strict grid pattern,

Ovaj dio Barcelone karakterističan je po strogom obliku rešetke,

apartments with communal courtyards

stanovima sa zajedničkim dvorištima

and these octagonal intersections

i ovim osmerokutnim raskrižjima,

which allow for more sunlight, better ventilation

što omogućuje više sunčeve svjetlosti, bolju ventilaciju

and additional parking at street level.

i više parkirnih mjesta na ulicama.

And here we see that grid pattern but under much different circumstances.

Ovdje vidimo taj oblik rešetke, ali u potpuno drugačijim okolnostima.

This is the Dadaab Refugee Camp in northern Kenya,

Ovo je izbjeglički kamp Dadaab u sjevernoj Keniji,

the largest such facility of its kind in the world.

najveći objekt te vrste u svijetu.

To cope with the influx of refugees who are fleeing Somalia,

Kako bi se nosili s navalom izbjeglica koje bježe iz Somalije,

where there is famine and conflict,

gdje vladaju glad i konflikti,

the UN has built this area gridded out at left

UN je dogradio ovo područje u obliku rešetke,

called the LFO extension

nazvano LFO nastavak

to house more and more refugees

za smještaj izbjeglica

who are arriving and occupying these white dots,

koje dolaze i nastanjuju ove bijele točke,

which are actually tents

koje su zapravo šatori

which will slowly fill up the area over time.

koji će se vremenom polako popunjavati.

So if you have one of these overviews,

Stoga, ako imate jedan ovakav prikaz,

you have a moment in time.

tada imate jedan trenutak u vremenu.

If we have two overviews, however,

Međutim, ako imamo dva prikaza,

we are able to tell stories about changes in time.

možemo pričati o promjenama koje su dogodile kroz vrijeme.

I call that feature of the project "Juxtapose,"

Taj način u projektu zovem "Juxtapose",

and we'll share a few examples of it with you now.

a nekoliko ćemo primjera podijeliti s vama.

So the tulip fields in Netherlands bloom every year in April.

U Nizozemskoj polja tulipana svake godine procvjetaju u travnju.

So we take an image captured in March a few weeks before

Zato nekoliko tjedana u ožujku prije cvjetanja uslikamo polja

and contrast it to one taken a few weeks later.

i usporedimo ih sa slikama nakon cvjetanja.

We're able to watch the flowers bloom in this magnificent cascade of color.

Možemo pratiti cvjetanje u veličanstvenom stepenastom prikazu boja.

It is estimated that the Dutch produce 4.3 billion tulip bulbs every year.

Procjenjuje se da Nizozemci proizvedu 4,3 milijarde lukovica tulipana godišnje.

In 2015, two dams collapsed

2015. godine, dvije su brane pukle

at an iron ore mine in southeastern Brazil,

u rudniku željezne rude u jugoistočnom Brazilu,

causing one of the worst environmental disasters

uzrokujući jednu od najgorih katastrofa za okoliš

in the history of the country.

u povijesti zemlje.

It is estimated that 62 million cubic meters of waste

Procjenjuje se da je 62 milijuna kubičnih metara otpada

were released when the dams broke,

otpušteno kada su brane pukle,

destroying numerous villages in the process,

razarajući pritom brojna sela,

including Bento Rodrigues, seen here before ...

uključujući Bento Rodrigues, koji vidimo prije...

and after the flood.

i nakon poplave.

Ultimately, 19 people were killed in this disaster.

U konačnici, 19 ljudi poginulo je u katastrofi.

Half a million people did not have access to clean drinking water

Pola milijuna ljudi nije imalo pristup pitkoj vodi

for an extended period of time,

duži dio vremena,

and the waste soon entered into the Doce River,

a otpad je uskoro ušao u rijeku Doce,

extended for 650 kilometers

putujući 650 kilometara

all the way into the sea,

ravno u more,

killing unknowable amounts of plant and animal life along the way.

ubijajući na svome putu nezamislive količine biljaka i životinja.

And lastly, here is a story related to the crisis in Syria,

Naposljetku, sljedeća je priča povezana s krizom u Siriji,

a conflict which has claimed the lives of hundreds of thousands of people

s konfliktom koji je uzrokovao smrt stotina tisuća ljudi

and displaced millions.

i protjerao milijune.

So this patch of desert is seen in Mafraq, Jordan in 2011,

Ovaj djelić pustinje uslikan je u Mafraqu, u Jordanu 2011. godine,

the year the conflict started,

kada je konflikt i započeo

and when we compare it to an image captured just this year in 2017,

i kada usporedimo ovaj prikaz s prikazom iz ove, 2017. godine,

we see the construction of the Zaatari refugee camp.

vidimo izgrađeni izbjeglički kamp Zaatari.

So just as the astronauts of Apollo 8

Kao što su astronauti misije Apollo 8

watched the Earth rising above the lunar landscape for the first time,

po prvi put vidjeli izlazak Zemlje iznad Mjesečevog horizonta,

there is no way that you could have imagined

ne biste mogli niti zamisliti

what the places I just showed you look like from outer space.

kako ova prikazana mjesta izgledaju iz svemira.

And while you may enjoy the aesthetics of an image,

I dok uživate u ljepotama prikaza,

once you learn exactly what it is you're seeing,

jednom kada shvatite što zapravo gledate,

you may struggle with the fact that you still like it.

pitat ćete se sviđa li vam se još uvijek taj prikaz.

And that's the tension I want to create with my work,

Taj učinak želim postići svojim radom,

because I believe it is that contemplation,

jer vjerujem da se promišljanjem,

that internal dialogue

tim unutarnjim dijalogom,

that will lead to greater interest in our planet

možemo dovesti do većeg zanimanja za naš planet

and more awareness of what we're doing to it.

i osvijestiti što mu, zapravo, radimo.

I believe that viewing the Earth from the overview perspective

Vjerujem da je promatranje Zemlje iz perspektive svemira

is more important now than ever before.

postalo važnije nego ikad prije.

Through the incredible technology of these high-flying cameras,

Pomoću nevjerojatne tehnologije tih kamera visokog dometa,

we can see, monitor and expose

možemo vidjeti, pratiti i otkriti

the unprecedented impact that we are having.

naš najveći utjecaj do sada.

And whether we are scientists

Bilo da smo znanstvenici,

or engineers or policymakers

inženjeri ili političari,

or investors or artists,

investitori ili umjetnici,

if we can adopt a more expansive perspective,

ako usvojimo širu perspektivu,

embrace the truth of what is going on

prihvatimo istinu o tome što se događa

and contemplate the long-term health of our planet,

i razmislimo o dugogodišnjem zdravlju našeg planeta,

we will create a better

stvorit ćemo bolju,

and safer and smarter future

sigurniju i pametniju budućnost

for our one and only home.

za naš jedan, jedini dom.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak).