Zeynep Tufekci: How the Internet has made social change easy to organize, hard to win

139,062 views

2015-02-02 ・ TED


New videos

Zeynep Tufekci: How the Internet has made social change easy to organize, hard to win

139,062 views ・ 2015-02-02

TED


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

Prevoditelj: Lidija Šimunović Recezent: Jelena Horvat
00:12
So recently, we heard a lot about how social media helps empower protest,
0
12996
4806
Puno slušamo o tome kako društveni mediji osnažuju prosvjedovanje
00:17
and that's true,
1
17802
1379
i to je istina,
00:19
but after more than a decade
2
19181
1655
ali nakon više od desetljeća
00:20
of studying and participating in multiple social movements,
3
20836
3665
proučavanja i sudjelovanja u raznim društvenim pokretima
00:24
I've come to realize
4
24501
1802
shvatila sam
00:26
that the way technology empowers social movements
5
26303
3311
da tehnologija koja osnažuje društvene pokrete također
00:29
can also paradoxically help weaken them.
6
29614
3106
ih može, paradoksalno, oslabiti.
00:32
This is not inevitable, but overcoming it requires diving deep
7
32720
3884
To nije neizbježno, ali da bi se prevladalo, potrebno je uroniti
00:36
into what makes success possible over the long term.
8
36604
4293
u ono što dugoročno osigurava uspjeh.
00:40
And the lessons apply in multiple domains.
9
40897
2561
Lekcije se primjenjuju u mnogim domenama.
00:43
Now, take Turkey's Gezi Park protests, July 2013,
10
43458
3995
Na primjer, prosvjed u turskom Gezi Parku u srpnju 2013. godine,
00:47
which I went back to study in the field.
11
47453
3037
koji sam proučavala na terenu.
00:50
Twitter was key to its organizing.
12
50490
2453
Twitter je bio ključan za njegovu organizaciju.
00:52
It was everywhere in the park -- well, along with a lot of tear gas.
13
52943
3394
Bio je posvuda u parku -- zajedno sa suzavcem.
00:56
It wasn't all high tech.
14
56337
1838
Nije bio potpuno visokotehnološki.
00:58
But the people in Turkey had already gotten used to the power of Twitter
15
58175
3878
Ali ljudi su se u Turskoj već naviknuli na moć Twittera
01:02
because of an unfortunate incident about a year before
16
62053
3940
zbog nesretnog incidenta od prije godinu dana
01:05
when military jets had bombed and killed
17
65994
3791
kada su vojni zrakoplovi bombardirali i ubili
01:09
34 Kurdish smugglers near the border region,
18
69785
4089
34 kurdska krijumčara u blizini granice,
01:13
and Turkish media completely censored this news.
19
73874
4744
a turski su mediji potpuno cenzurirali ovu vijest.
01:18
Editors sat in their newsrooms
20
78618
1838
Urednici su sjedili u redakcijama
01:20
and waited for the government to tell them what to do.
21
80456
2899
i čekali da im vlada kaže što činiti.
01:23
One frustrated journalist could not take this anymore.
22
83355
2600
Jedan frustrirani novinar to više nije mogao podnijeti.
01:25
He purchased his own plane ticket,
23
85955
1690
Kupio si je avionsku kartu
01:27
and went to the village where this had occurred.
24
87645
2312
i otišao u selo gdje se to dogodilo.
01:29
And he was confronted by this scene:
25
89957
2666
Bio je suočen sa sljedećim:
01:32
a line of coffins coming down a hill, relatives wailing.
26
92623
5398
red lijesova spuštao se s brda, rođaci žaluju.
01:38
He later he told me how overwhelmed he felt,
27
98021
2441
Kasnije mi je rekao da je bio preplavljen osjećajima
01:40
and didn't know what to do,
28
100462
1721
i nije znao što učiniti
01:42
so he took out his phone,
29
102183
1973
pa je izvadio telefon,
01:44
like any one of us might,
30
104156
1768
kao što je bilo tko mogao učiniti,
01:45
and snapped that picture and tweeted it out.
31
105924
3198
uslikao ovo i stavio ju na Twitter.
01:49
And voila, that picture went viral
32
109122
3727
i voila, slika je obišla svijet,
01:52
and broke the censorship and forced mass media to cover it.
33
112849
4388
uništila cenzuru i prisilila masovne medije da izvijeste o tome.
01:57
So when, a year later, Turkey's Gezi protests happened,
34
117237
3181
Kada su se, godinu kasnije, dogodili prosvjedi u Geziju
02:00
it started as a protest about a park being razed,
35
120418
2722
počelo je kao prosvjed protiv uništavanja parka, ali
02:03
but became an anti-authoritarian protest.
36
123140
2303
postao je prosvjed protiv autoriteta.
02:05
It wasn't surprising that media also censored it,
37
125443
4158
Nije iznenađujuće da su i njih mediji cenzurirali,
02:09
but it got a little ridiculous at times.
38
129601
2932
ali nekad je bilo smiješno.
02:12
When things were so intense,
39
132533
2070
Kada je sve postalo intenzivno,
02:14
when CNN International was broadcasting live from Istanbul,
40
134603
4395
međunarodni je CNN izvještavao uživo iz Istanbula,
02:18
CNN Turkey instead was broadcasting a documentary on penguins.
41
138998
6350
a CNN Turske prikazivao dokumentarac o pingvinima.
02:25
Now, I love penguin documentaries, but that wasn't the news of the day.
42
145351
4583
Volim dokumentarce o pingvinima, ali to nije bila vijest dana.
02:29
An angry viewer put his two screens together and snapped that picture,
43
149934
4297
Ljutit gledatelj spojio je ekrane i uslikao ovu fotografiju
02:34
and that one too went viral,
44
154231
1867
koja je također obišla svijet
02:36
and since then, people call Turkish media the penguin media. (Laughter)
45
156098
4488
i od onda ljudi turske medije nazivaju pingvinskim medijima. (Smijeh)
02:40
But this time, people knew what to do.
46
160586
2165
Ali, ovaj su put ljudi znali što činiti.
02:42
They just took out their phones and looked for actual news.
47
162751
2959
Izvadili su mobitele i tražili prave vijesti.
02:45
Better, they knew to go to the park and take pictures and participate
48
165710
4464
Štoviše, znali su da moraju otići u park i fotografirati i sudjelovati i
02:50
and share it more on social media.
49
170174
1951
podijeliti to putem društvenih medija.
02:52
Digital connectivity was used for everything from food to donations.
50
172125
6550
Digitalna je povezanost korištena za sve, od hrane do donacija.
02:58
Everything was organized partially with the help of these new technologies.
51
178675
5272
Sve je, djelomično, bilo organizirano uz pomoć novih tehnologija.
03:03
And using Internet to mobilize and publicize protests
52
183947
4206
Korištenje interneta za mobiliziranje i objavljivanje prosvjeda
03:08
actually goes back a long way.
53
188153
2456
poprilično je staro.
03:10
Remember the Zapatistas,
54
190609
1845
Sjećate se Zapatista,
03:12
the peasant uprising in the southern Chiapas region of Mexico
55
192454
4635
ustanka seljaka u južnoj Chiapas regiji Meksika
03:17
led by the masked, pipe-smoking, charismatic Subcomandante Marcos?
56
197089
5631
koji je vodio maskirani, karizmatični pušač Subcomandante Marcos?
03:22
That was probably the first movement
57
202720
1879
To je vjerojatno bio prvi pokret koji
03:24
that got global attention thanks to the Internet.
58
204599
2371
je dobio pažnju svijeta zahvaljujući Internetu.
03:27
Or consider Seattle '99,
59
207690
1648
Ili, Seattle 1999. godine,
03:29
when a multinational grassroots effort brought global attention
60
209338
4803
kada su multinacionalna nastojanja usmjerila pažnju svijeta na ono što je
03:34
to what was then an obscure organization, the World Trade Organization,
61
214141
4685
tada bila nepoznata organizacija, Svjetsku trgovinsku organizaciju,
03:38
by also utilizing these digital technologies to help them organize.
62
218826
4541
također koristeći digitalnu tehnologiju kako bi im pomogli pri organizaciji.
03:43
And more recently, movement after movement
63
223367
2535
I u novije doba, pokreti
03:45
has shaken country after country:
64
225902
2838
koji su potresali razne zemlje:
03:48
the Arab uprisings from Bahrain to Tunisia to Egypt and more;
65
228740
5132
ustanak Arapa iz Bahreina, Tunisa, Egipta i dalje;
03:53
indignados in Spain, Italy, Greece; the Gezi Park protests;
66
233872
4872
"gnjevni" u Španjolskoj, Italiji, Grčkoj; prosvjedi u Gezi Parku;
03:58
Taiwan; Euromaidan in Ukraine; Hong Kong.
67
238744
4224
Tajvan, "EuroMaidan" u Ukrajini; Hong Kong.
04:02
And think of more recent initiatives, like the #BringBackOurGirls hashtags.
68
242968
4712
A tu su i nedavne inicijative, poput hashtagova #BringBackOurGirls.
04:07
Nowadays, a network of tweets can unleash a global awareness campaign.
69
247680
6856
U današnje vrijeme mreža tweetova može pokrenuti globalnu kampanju.
04:14
A Facebook page can become the hub of a massive mobilization.
70
254536
3918
Facebook stranica može postati središte ogromne mobilizacije.
04:18
Amazing.
71
258454
1770
Nevjerojatno.
04:20
But think of the moments I just mentioned.
72
260224
4314
Ali razmislite o ovome što sam spomenula.
04:24
The achievements they were able to have, their outcomes,
73
264538
4665
Ono što se moglo postići, ono što je proizašlo
04:29
are not really proportional to the size and energy they inspired.
74
269203
4810
nije proporcionalno veličini i energiji koju su pokrenuli.
04:34
The hopes they rightfully raised are not really matched
75
274013
4021
Nada koju su pobudili nije u skladu s onim
04:38
by what they were able to have as a result in the end.
76
278034
4468
što je bio krajnji rezultat.
04:42
And this raises a question:
77
282502
2412
I tu se nameće pitanje:
04:46
As digital technology makes things easier for movements,
78
286204
4225
Ako digitalna tehnologija olakšava razne pokrete,
04:50
why haven't successful outcomes become more likely as well?
79
290429
4023
zašto nisu vjerojatniji uspješni rezultati?
04:54
In embracing digital platforms for activism and politics,
80
294452
5565
Prihvaćajući digitalne platforme u aktivizmu i politici možda
05:00
are we overlooking some of the benefits of doing things the hard way?
81
300017
4234
propuštamo dobrobiti koje pruža organizacija na teži način.
05:04
Now, I believe so.
82
304251
1217
Vjerujem da je tako.
05:05
I believe that the rule of thumb is:
83
305468
1805
Vjerujem da je to otprilike ovako:
05:07
Easier to mobilize does not always mean easier to achieve gains.
84
307273
4727
lakša mobilizacija ne znači nužno lakše postizanje ciljeva.
05:12
Now, to be clear,
85
312610
2893
Da budem jasna,
05:15
technology does empower in multiple ways.
86
315503
2854
tehnologija osnažuje u više načina.
05:18
It's very powerful.
87
318357
1460
Vrlo je moćna.
05:19
In Turkey, I watched four young college students
88
319817
4046
U Turskoj sam gledala kako četiri mlada studenta
05:23
organize a countrywide citizen journalism network called 140Journos
89
323863
4230
organiziraju mrežu gradskih novinara 140Journos
05:28
that became the central hub for uncensored news in the country.
90
328093
4431
koja je postala središte za necenzurirane vijesti u zemlji.
05:32
In Egypt, I saw another four young people use digital connectivity
91
332524
5147
U Egiptu sam vidjela kako četvero mladih ljudi koristi digitalnu povezanost za
05:37
to organize the supplies and logistics for 10 field hospitals,
92
337671
3847
organiziranje zaliha i logistike za deset poljskih bolnica,
05:41
very large operations,
93
341518
2011
što su jako velike operacije,
05:43
during massive clashes near Tahrir Square in 2011.
94
343529
5001
tijekom velikih sukoba blizu Tahrir trga 2011. godine.
05:49
And I asked the founder of this effort, called Tahrir Supplies,
95
349500
3717
Pitala sam pokretača te inicijative, koju su nazvali Tahrir Supplies,
05:53
how long it took him to go from when he had the idea to when he got started.
96
353217
6110
koliko mu je trebalo od ideje do trenutka kada je počeo s radom.
05:59
"Five minutes," he said. Five minutes.
97
359327
2359
"Pet minuta", odgovorio je. Pet minuta.
06:01
And he had no training or background in logistics.
98
361686
2548
Nije imao iskustva u logistici.
06:04
Or think of the Occupy movement which rocked the world in 2011.
99
364234
3723
Ili, sjetite se pokreta Occupy koji je potresao svijet 2011. godine.
06:07
It started with a single email
100
367957
1978
Počeo je jednim e-mailom
06:09
from a magazine, Adbusters, to 90,000 subscribers in its list.
101
369935
5241
iz časopisa Adbusters koji je poslan 90000 pretplatnika na njega.
06:15
About two months after that first email,
102
375176
2984
Otprilike dva mjeseca kasnije
06:18
there were in the United States 600 ongoing occupations and protests.
103
378160
6349
u SAD-u je bilo 600 okupacija i prosvjeda.
06:24
Less than one month after the first physical occupation in Zuccotti Park,
104
384509
5824
Manje od mjesec dana nakon prve fizičke okupacije u Zuccotti parku
06:30
a global protest was held in about 82 countries, 950 cities.
105
390333
6841
održan je globalni prosvjed u 82 zemlje i 950 gradova.
06:37
It was one of the largest global protests ever organized.
106
397174
2745
Bio je to jedan od najvećih globalnih prosvjeda ikad.
06:39
Now, compare that to what the Civil Rights Movement had to do in 1955 Alabama
107
399919
6687
Usporedite to s Pokretom za građanska prava u Alabami 1955. godine koji
06:46
to protest the racially segregated bus system, which they wanted to boycott.
108
406606
6137
se suprotstavio segregacijskom sustavu autobusa.
06:52
They'd been preparing for many years
109
412743
1752
Pripremali su se godinama
06:54
and decided it was time to swing into action
110
414495
2066
i odlučili da je došlo vrijeme za akciju
06:56
after Rosa Parks was arrested.
111
416561
2203
nakon uhićenja Rose Parks.
06:58
But how do you get the word out --
112
418764
1666
Ali kako obznaniti da
07:00
tomorrow we're going to start the boycott --
113
420430
2163
će sutra započeti bojkot
07:02
when you don't have Facebook, texting, Twitter, none of that?
114
422593
5408
ako nemate Facebooka, SMS-ova ni Twittera?
07:08
So they had to mimeograph 52,000 leaflets
115
428001
5170
Morali su ispisati 52000 letaka
07:13
by sneaking into a university duplicating room
116
433171
3193
tako što su se ušuljali u sveučilište
07:16
and working all night, secretly.
117
436364
2541
i potajno radili cijelu noć.
07:18
They then used the 68 African-American organizations
118
438905
3493
Zatim su pomoću 68 Afroameričkih ogranizacija
07:22
that criss-crossed the city to distribute those leaflets by hand.
119
442398
3967
pročešljali grad kako bi ručno podijelili te letke.
07:26
And the logistical tasks were daunting, because these were poor people.
120
446365
4970
Logistički su zadaci bili obeshrabrujući jer se radilo o siromašnim ljudima.
07:31
They had to get to work, boycott or no,
121
451335
2090
Morali su ići na posao neovisno o bojkotu
07:33
so a massive carpool was organized,
122
453425
2902
tako da je organiziran prijevoz,
07:36
again by meeting.
123
456327
2116
opet tako što su se sastali.
07:38
No texting, no Twitter, no Facebook.
124
458443
2395
Bez SMS-ova, Twittera, Facebooka.
07:40
They had to meet almost all the time to keep this carpool going.
125
460838
3569
Neprestano su se morali nalaziti kako bi održavali prijevoz.
07:44
Today, it would be so much easier.
126
464407
2272
Danas bi to bilo puno lakše.
07:46
We could create a database, available rides and what rides you need,
127
466679
4988
Stvorili bismo bazu podataka, dostupne i potrebne vožnje,
07:51
have the database coordinate, and use texting.
128
471667
3282
bazu bismo koordinirali i koristili SMS-ove.
07:54
We wouldn't have to meet all that much.
129
474949
2554
Gotovo se uopće ne bismo morali nalaziti.
07:57
But again, consider this:
130
477503
2276
Ali opet, razmislite o ovome:
07:59
the Civil Rights Movement in the United States
131
479779
2994
Pokret za građanska prava u Sjedinjenim Državama
08:02
navigated a minefield of political dangers,
132
482773
4494
prolazio je mnoge političke prijetnje,
08:07
faced repression and overcame, won major policy concessions,
133
487267
5503
suočio se s gušenjem i prevladao ga, izborio se za razne političke ustupke,
08:12
navigated and innovated through risks.
134
492770
3236
prošao i uveo inovacije kroz rizike.
08:16
In contrast, three years after Occupy sparked
135
496006
3533
Usporedimo to s Occupy pokretom. Tri godine nakon početka
08:19
that global conversation about inequality,
136
499539
2606
globalnog razgovora o nejednakosti
08:22
the policies that fueled it are still in place.
137
502145
3825
politike koje su ga pokrenule još su uvijek na snazi.
08:25
Europe was also rocked by anti-austerity protests,
138
505970
3145
Europu su potresli prosvjedi protiv mjera štednje,
08:29
but the continent didn't shift its direction.
139
509115
4122
ali ništa se nije promijenilo.
08:33
In embracing these technologies,
140
513237
2936
Prihvaćajući te tehnologije,
08:36
are we overlooking some of the benefits of slow and sustained?
141
516173
6408
je li moguće da previdimo neke dobrobiti sporoga i održivoga?
08:42
To understand this,
142
522581
1869
Kako bih to razumjela,
08:44
I went back to Turkey about a year after the Gezi protests
143
524450
3123
vratila sam se u Tursku godinu dana nakon prosvjeda u Geziju
08:47
and I interviewed a range of people,
144
527573
2277
i intervjuirala razne ljude,
08:49
from activists to politicians,
145
529850
3707
od aktivista do političara,
08:53
from both the ruling party and the opposition party and movements.
146
533557
4617
iz vladajuće i opozicijske stranke i pokreta.
08:58
I found that the Gezi protesters were despairing.
147
538174
3306
Prosvjednici su očajavali.
09:01
They were frustrated,
148
541480
2031
Bili su frustrirani
09:03
and they had achieved much less than what they had hoped for.
149
543511
3056
jer su postigli puno manje od očekivanog.
09:06
This echoed what I'd been hearing around the world
150
546567
2538
To je potvrdilo ono što sam čula od mnogih
09:09
from many other protesters that I'm in touch with.
151
549105
3786
prosvjednika diljem svijeta.
09:12
And I've come to realize that part of the problem
152
552891
2307
Shvatila sam da je dio problema to
09:15
is that today's protests have become a bit like climbing Mt. Everest
153
555198
5869
što su današnji prosvjedi postali kao osvajanje Mt. Everesta
09:21
with the help of 60 Sherpas,
154
561067
2457
uz pomoć 60 sherpa,
09:23
and the Internet is our Sherpa.
155
563524
3127
a internet je naš sherpa.
09:26
What we're doing is taking the fast routes
156
566651
4313
Biramo kraći put,
09:30
and not replacing the benefits of the slower work.
157
570964
3339
a ne nalazimo zamjenu za dobrobiti sporijeg načina.
09:34
Because, you see,
158
574303
1696
Zato što, znate,
09:35
the kind of work that went into organizing
159
575999
2868
posao potreban za organizaciju
09:38
all those daunting, tedious logistical tasks
160
578867
2783
svih tih zastrašujućih, mučnih logističkih zadataka
09:41
did not just take care of those tasks,
161
581650
2629
nije samo pokrio te zadatke
09:44
they also created the kind of organization that could think together collectively
162
584279
4675
već je stvorio tip organizacije koja je mogla kolektivno razmišljati
09:48
and make hard decisions together,
163
588963
2275
i zajedno donositi teške odluke,
09:51
create consensus and innovate, and maybe even more crucially,
164
591238
3937
stvarati konsenzuse i inovacije, a možda i ono važnije,
09:55
keep going together through differences.
165
595175
3367
zajedno prolaziti različitosti.
09:58
So when you see this March on Washington in 1963,
166
598542
4788
Kada pogledate Marš na Washington 1963. godine,
10:03
when you look at that picture,
167
603330
1684
kada pogledate tu sliku
10:05
where this is the march where Martin Luther King gave his famous
168
605014
3341
marša na kojem je Martin Luther King održao svoj slavni
10:08
"I have a dream" speech, 1963,
169
608355
2852
"Imam san" govor, 1963.,
10:11
you don't just see a march and you don't just hear a powerful speech,
170
611207
4442
ne vidite samo marš i ne čujete samo moćan govor
10:15
you also see the painstaking, long-term work that can put on that march.
171
615649
5473
već vidite i mukotrpan, dugotrajan trud koji je uložen u taj marš.
10:21
And if you're in power,
172
621122
1795
I ako ste osoba na položaju,
10:22
you realize you have to take the capacity signaled by that march,
173
622917
4299
shvaćate da morate uzeti u obzir sposobnost koju marš predstavlja,
10:27
not just the march, but the capacity signaled by that march, seriously.
174
627218
4506
ne samo taj marš, nego i kapacitete koje on predstavlja.
10:31
In contrast, when you look at Occupy's global marches
175
631724
4003
Usporedimo to s globalnim marševima Occupy pokreta
10:35
that were organized in two weeks,
176
635727
1642
koji su organizirani u 2 tjedna
10:37
you see a lot of discontent,
177
637369
1384
i ispoljavaju nezadovoljstvo,
10:38
but you don't necessarily see teeth that can bite over the long term.
178
638753
4154
ali ne vidi se dugoročnost.
10:43
And crucially, the Civil Rights Movement innovated tactically
179
643617
4093
Pokret za građanska prava taktično je krenuo od
10:47
from boycotts to lunch counter sit-ins to pickets to marches to freedom rides.
180
647710
6786
bojkota do formiranja ljudskih ograda, marševa do putnika slobode.
10:54
Today's movements scale up very quickly without the organizational base
181
654496
3815
Današnji se pokreti brzo pojavljuju bez organizacijske baze koja im
10:58
that can see them through the challenges.
182
658311
2589
može omogućiti opstanak.
11:00
They feel a little like startups that got very big
183
660900
3800
Izgledaju kao početnici koji su postali poznati,
11:04
without knowing what to do next,
184
664700
2005
a ne znaju što dalje učiniti,
11:06
and they rarely manage to shift tactically
185
666705
2657
i rijetko se mogu taktički prilagoditi
11:09
because they don't have the depth of capacity
186
669362
2497
jer nemaju dubinu kapaciteta
11:11
to weather such transitions.
187
671859
2292
da se nose s takvim prijelazom.
11:14
Now, I want to be clear: The magic is not in the mimeograph.
188
674151
4707
Da nešto razjasnim: ne radi se o umnožavanju.
11:19
It's in that capacity to work together, think together collectively,
189
679668
5821
Radi se o sposobnosti zajedničkog rada, kolektivnog razmišljanja,
11:25
which can only be built over time with a lot of work.
190
685489
3182
a to se može izgraditi s vremenom uz puno truda.
11:28
To understand all this,
191
688671
2076
Da to sve shvatim,
11:30
I interviewed a top official from the ruling party in Turkey,
192
690747
3824
intervjuirala sam vođu iz vladajuće stranke u Turskoj
11:34
and I ask him, "How do you do it?"
193
694571
2168
i pitala ga kako on to radi.
11:36
They too use digital technology extensively, so that's not it.
194
696739
3703
I oni puno koriste digitalnu tehnologiju, tako da očito nije stvar u tome.
11:40
So what's the secret?
195
700442
1930
U čemu je onda tajna?
11:42
Well, he told me.
196
702372
1524
Otkrio mi je.
11:43
He said the key is he never took sugar with his tea.
197
703896
6636
Rekao je da ključ uspjeha leži u tome da nikada ne pije čaj sa šećerom.
11:50
I said, what has that got to do with anything?
198
710532
3061
Pitala sam ga kakve to ima veze s bilo čime.
11:53
Well, he said, his party starts getting ready for the next election
199
713593
3166
Odgovorio mi je da se njegova stranka priprema za iduće izbore
11:56
the day after the last one,
200
716759
1541
dan nakon posljednjeg
11:58
and he spends all day every day meeting with voters in their homes,
201
718300
3981
i da provodi dane sastajući se s glasačima u njihovim domovima,
12:02
in their wedding parties, circumcision ceremonies,
202
722281
2582
na vjenčanjima, obredima obrezivanja
12:04
and then he meets with his colleagues to compare notes.
203
724863
2955
i onda se nađe s kolegama i uspoređuju iskustva.
12:07
With that many meetings every day, with tea offered at every one of them,
204
727818
4566
Svi ti sastanci svakog dana, a čaj mu ponude na svakom
12:12
which he could not refuse, because that would be rude,
205
732384
3352
i ne smije ga odbiti jer bi to bilo nepristojno,
12:15
he could not take even one cube of sugar per cup of tea,
206
735736
4643
ne može staviti kocku šećera u svaku šalicu čaja
12:20
because that would be many kilos of sugar, he can't even calculate how many kilos,
207
740379
3956
jer bi to bilo mnogo kilograma šećera, toliko da im ne zna ni broja,
12:24
and at that point I realized why he was speaking so fast.
208
744335
3644
i tada sam shvatila zašto tako brzo govori.
12:27
We had met in the afternoon, and he was already way over-caffeinated.
209
747979
3251
Sastali smo se popodne kada je već popio puno kofeina.
12:32
But his party won two major elections
210
752527
4473
Ali njegova je stranka dobila dva izbora
12:37
within a year of the Gezi protests with comfortable margins.
211
757000
3658
u godini Gezi prosvjeda i to s uvjerljivom prednošću.
12:40
To be sure, governments have different resources to bring to the table.
212
760658
3339
Vlade imaju razne resurse kojima raspolažu.
12:43
It's not the same game, but the differences are instructive.
213
763997
3150
Ne radi se o istoj igri, ali različitosti su poučne.
12:47
And like all such stories, this is not a story just of technology.
214
767154
3855
I kao sve ovakve priče, ne radi se samo o tehnologiji.
12:51
It's what technology allows us to do converging with what we want to do.
215
771009
5082
Radi se o tome što nam ona dopušta, a što odgovara onome što želimo učiniti.
12:56
Today's social movements want to operate informally.
216
776091
3786
Današnji društveni pokreti žele djelovati neformalno.
12:59
They do not want institutional leadership.
217
779877
2270
Ne žele institucionalno vodstvo.
13:02
They want to stay out of politics because they fear corruption and cooptation.
218
782147
4866
Ne žele se miješati u politiku jer se boje korupcije i suradnje.
13:07
They have a point.
219
787013
1533
I u pravu su.
13:08
Modern representative democracies are being strangled in many countries
220
788546
3415
U mnogim se zemljama guše moderni predstavnici demokracije
13:11
by powerful interests.
221
791961
1643
zbog moćnih interesa.
13:14
But operating this way makes it hard for them
222
794244
3274
Ali takvo djelovanje otežava
13:17
to sustain over the long term and exert leverage over the system,
223
797518
3750
dugoročnu održivost i smanjuje nadmoć nad sustavom,
13:21
which leads to frustrated protesters dropping out,
224
801268
3262
što vodi do odustanka frustriranih prosvjednika
13:24
and even more corrupt politics.
225
804530
3359
i još veće korumpiranosti politike.
13:27
And politics and democracy without an effective challenge hobbles,
226
807889
5088
Politika i demokracija su sputane bez djelotvornih izazova
13:32
because the causes that have inspired the modern recent movements are crucial.
227
812977
6393
jer su uzroci modernih pokreta ključni.
13:39
Climate change is barreling towards us.
228
819370
3095
Klimatske nam promjene dolaze.
13:42
Inequality is stifling human growth and potential and economies.
229
822465
4883
Nejednakost guši ljudski napredak, potencijal i ekonomiju.
13:47
Authoritarianism is choking many countries.
230
827348
2285
Mnoge zemlje guši diktatorstvo.
13:49
We need movements to be more effective.
231
829633
2751
Pokreti moraju biti djelotvorniji.
13:52
Now, some people have argued that the problem is
232
832384
2678
Neki ljudi smatraju da je problem
13:55
today's movements are not formed of people who take as many risks as before,
233
835062
6459
današnjih pokreta taj što pokretači ne riskiraju kao prije,
14:01
and that is not true.
234
841521
2048
a to nije istina.
14:03
From Gezi to Tahrir to elsewhere,
235
843569
2562
Gezi, Tahrir i posvuda
14:06
I've seen people put their lives and livelihoods on the line.
236
846131
3638
vidjela sam da ljudi riskiraju živote i sve što imaju.
14:09
It's also not true, as Malcolm Gladwell claimed,
237
849769
2419
Također nije istina što tvrdi Malcolm Gladwell,
14:12
that today's protesters form weaker virtual ties.
238
852188
2742
a to je da su virtualne veze današnjih prosvjednika slabe.
14:14
No, they come to these protests, just like before,
239
854930
3791
Nije, zato što oni dolaze na prosvjede, baš kao i prije,
14:18
with their friends, existing networks,
240
858721
2612
s prijateljima,
14:21
and sometimes they do make new friends for life.
241
861333
2302
i nekada se povezuju s drugima i to potraje cijeli život.
14:23
I still see the friends that I made
242
863635
2586
Još viđam prijatelje koje sam upoznala
14:26
in those Zapatista-convened global protests more than a decade ago,
243
866221
3422
u onim Zaptista-sazvanim globalnim prosvjedima prije više od 10 godina,
14:29
and the bonds between strangers are not worthless.
244
869643
2972
a veze između stranaca nisu beskorisne.
14:32
When I got tear-gassed in Gezi,
245
872615
2284
Kada su bacali suzavac na mene u Geziju,
14:34
people I didn't know helped me and one another instead of running away.
246
874899
5272
pomogli su mi ljudi koji me ne znaju, pomagali su jedni drugima, a ne bježali.
14:40
In Tahrir, I saw people, protesters,
247
880171
3227
U Tahriru sam vidjela prosvjednike
14:43
working really hard to keep each other safe and protected.
248
883398
2810
koji su davali sve od sebe da zaštite druge prosvjednike.
14:46
And digital awareness-raising is great,
249
886208
1889
Buđenje pomoću digitalizacije je super
14:48
because changing minds is the bedrock of changing politics.
250
888097
3719
jer je promjena načina razmišljanja temelj za promjenu politike.
14:51
But movements today have to move beyond participation at great scale very fast
251
891816
7400
Današnji se pokreti moraju brzo razvijati
14:59
and figure out how to think together collectively,
252
899216
3499
i naučiti kako kolektivno razmišljati,
15:02
develop strong policy proposals, create consensus,
253
902715
3741
razviti jake prijedloge za politiku, stvarati konsenzuse,
15:06
figure out the political steps and relate them to leverage,
254
906456
3674
shvatiti političke korake i kako njima ostvariti nadmoć
15:10
because all these good intentions and bravery and sacrifice by itself
255
910130
3683
jer sama dobra namjera, hrabrost i žrtva
15:13
are not going to be enough.
256
913813
1672
neće biti dovoljne.
15:15
And there are many efforts.
257
915485
1896
A mnogo se pokušava.
15:17
In New Zealand, a group of young people are developing a platform called Loomio
258
917381
4389
U Novom Zelandu skupina mladih razvija platformu Loomio
15:21
for participatory decision making at scale.
259
921770
3001
za sudjelovanje u donošenju odluka.
15:24
In Turkey, 140Journos are holding hack-a-thons
260
924771
3275
U Turskoj 140Journos održavaju programerski maraton
15:28
so that they support communities as well as citizen journalism.
261
928046
3833
i time podržavaju zajednice i gradske novinare.
15:32
In Argentina, an open-source platform called DemocracyOS
262
932619
3106
U Argentini besplatna platforma DemocracyOS
15:35
is bringing participation to parliaments and political parties.
263
935725
3408
omogućuje sudjelovanje u parlamentu i političkim strankama.
15:39
These are all great, and we need more,
264
939133
3385
Sve je to sjajno, ali treba nam više
15:42
but the answer won't just be better online decision-making,
265
942518
4176
jer odgovor neće biti samo bolje online donošenje odluka
15:46
because to update democracy, we are going to need to innovate at every level,
266
946694
5553
jer, da bismo unaprijedili demokraciju, moramo napredovati na svim razinama,
15:52
from the organizational to the political to the social.
267
952247
4493
od ogranizacijske, političke do društvene.
15:56
Because to succeed over the long term,
268
956740
3952
Jer, za dugoročan uspjeh
16:00
sometimes you do need tea without sugar
269
960692
2372
nekad moramo piti čaj bez šećera
16:03
along with your Twitter.
270
963064
1633
dok smo na Twitteru.
16:04
Thank you.
271
964697
1512
Hvala.
16:06
(Applause)
272
966209
6801
(Pljesak)
O ovoj web stranici

Ova stranica će vas upoznati s YouTube videozapisima koji su korisni za učenje engleskog jezika. Vidjet ćete lekcije engleskog koje vode vrhunski profesori iz cijelog svijeta. Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove prikazane na svakoj video stranici da biste reproducirali video s tog mjesta. Titlovi se pomiču sinkronizirano s reprodukcijom videozapisa. Ako imate bilo kakvih komentara ili zahtjeva, obratite nam se putem ovog obrasca za kontakt.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7