Zeynep Tufekci: How the Internet has made social change easy to organize, hard to win

138,463 views

2015-02-02 ใƒป TED


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Zeynep Tufekci: How the Internet has made social change easy to organize, hard to win

138,463 views ใƒป 2015-02-02

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Ju Hye Lim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
So recently, we heard a lot about how social media helps empower protest,
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์š”์ฆ˜๋“ค์–ด ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์œ„์— ํž˜์„ ๋”ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:17
and that's true,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
but after more than a decade
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 10๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ
00:20
of studying and participating in multiple social movements,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
00:24
I've come to realize
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์— ํž˜์„ ๋”ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด
00:26
that the way technology empowers social movements
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00:29
can also paradoxically help weaken them.
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์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
This is not inevitable, but overcoming it requires diving deep
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ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€
00:36
into what makes success possible over the long term.
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๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
And the lessons apply in multiple domains.
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์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Now, take Turkey's Gezi Park protests, July 2013,
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2013๋…„ 7์›”์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ํ„ฐํ‚ค์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ง€ ๊ณต์› ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:47
which I went back to study in the field.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
Twitter was key to its organizing.
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์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์งํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—๋Š” ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
It was everywhere in the park -- well, along with a lot of tear gas.
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๊ณต์›์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์— ๋‹ค ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ตœ๋ฃจํƒ„๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด์š”.
00:56
It wasn't all high tech.
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์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
But the people in Turkey had already gotten used to the power of Twitter
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ„ฐํ‚ค์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ํž˜์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
because of an unfortunate incident about a year before
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์ผ ๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ๊ตฐ์šฉ ์ „ํˆฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
01:05
when military jets had bombed and killed
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34๋ช…์˜ ์ฟ ๋ฅด๋“œ์กฑ ๋ฐ€์ˆ˜๊พผ์—๊ฒŒ
01:09
34 Kurdish smugglers near the border region,
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ํญํƒ„์„ ํˆฌํ•˜ํ•ด ์ฃฝ์ธ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:13
and Turkish media completely censored this news.
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ํ„ฐํ‚ค ์–ธ๋ก  ๋งค์ฒด๋Š” ์ด ์†Œ์‹์„ ๊ฒ€์—ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์€ํํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
Editors sat in their newsrooms
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ํŽธ์ง‘์žฅ๋“ค์€ ํŽธ์ง‘์‹ค์— ์•‰์•„์„œ
01:20
and waited for the government to tell them what to do.
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:23
One frustrated journalist could not take this anymore.
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ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ณ  ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
He purchased his own plane ticket,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž๋น„๋กœ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์„œ
01:27
and went to the village where this had occurred.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋งˆ์„๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
And he was confronted by this scene:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
a line of coffins coming down a hill, relatives wailing.
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๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์ค„์ค„์ด ์–ธ๋•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๊ณ  ์œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ํ†ต๊ณกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
He later he told me how overwhelmed he felt,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ์ •์ด ๋ณต๋ฐ›์ณ์„œ ๋ญ˜ ํ•ด์•ผ๋ ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
and didn't know what to do,
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01:42
so he took out his phone,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด,
01:44
like any one of us might,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ํ…๋ฐ,
01:45
and snapped that picture and tweeted it out.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
And voila, that picture went viral
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง ! ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ์„œ
01:52
and broke the censorship and forced mass media to cover it.
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒ€์—ด์„ ๋šซ๊ณ  ์–ธ๋ก ๋งค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
So when, a year later, Turkey's Gezi protests happened,
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๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1๋…„ ๋’ค์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ„ฐํ‚ค ๊ฒŒ์ง€ ๊ณต์› ์‹œ์œ„๋Š”
02:00
it started as a protest about a park being razed,
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๊ณต์›์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์œ„๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
02:03
but became an anti-authoritarian protest.
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๋ฐ˜์ •๋ถ€ ์‹œ์œ„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
It wasn't surprising that media also censored it,
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์–ธ๋ก ๋งค์ฒด๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ์€ํํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:09
but it got a little ridiculous at times.
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๊ฐ€๋” ํ™ฉ๋‹นํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
When things were so intense,
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์‹œ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฒฉํ•ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
02:14
when CNN International was broadcasting live from Istanbul,
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CNN ์ธํ„ฐ๋‚ด์…”๋„์€ ์ด์Šคํƒ„๋ถˆ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์†ก์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
02:18
CNN Turkey instead was broadcasting a documentary on penguins.
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CNN ํ„ฐํ‚ค๋Š” ํŽญ๊ท„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์†กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
Now, I love penguin documentaries, but that wasn't the news of the day.
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์ €๋Š” ํŽญ๊ท„ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋‚ ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:29
An angry viewer put his two screens together and snapped that picture,
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ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ๋‘ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋†“๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:34
and that one too went viral,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋„ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
and since then, people call Turkish media the penguin media. (Laughter)
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ„ฐํ‚ค ๋ฐฉ์†ก๊ตญ์„ ํŽญ๊ท„ ๋ฐฉ์†ก๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
02:40
But this time, people knew what to do.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ญ˜ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
They just took out their phones and looked for actual news.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
Better, they knew to go to the park and take pictures and participate
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๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์›์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋„ ์ฐ๊ณ  ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์— ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ
02:50
and share it more on social media.
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ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
Digital connectivity was used for everything from food to donations.
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง์€ ์Œ์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Everything was organized partially with the help of these new technologies.
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ผ์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
And using Internet to mobilize and publicize protests
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋™์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ
03:08
actually goes back a long way.
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์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์ ธ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Remember the Zapatistas,
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ์น˜์•„ํŒŒ์Šค ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์—์„œ
03:12
the peasant uprising in the southern Chiapas region of Mexico
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๋†๋ฏผ ๋ด‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ, ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์“ฐ๊ณ  ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํ”ผ๋Š”
03:17
led by the masked, pipe-smoking, charismatic Subcomandante Marcos?
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์นด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฅด์ฝ”์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ น๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๋‘” ์‚ฌํŒŒํ‹ฐ์Šคํƒ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
03:22
That was probably the first movement
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋งˆ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋•๋ถ„์—
03:24
that got global attention thanks to the Internet.
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๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์šด๋™์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Or consider Seattle '99,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด 1999๋…„์˜ ์‹œ์• ํ‹€์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:29
when a multinational grassroots effort brought global attention
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์„œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋˜
03:34
to what was then an obscure organization, the World Trade Organization,
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฌด์—ญ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ(WTO)์— ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์ด๋ชฉ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ๋„
03:38
by also utilizing these digital technologies to help them organize.
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์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
And more recently, movement after movement
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด ์—ฐ์ด์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์ด
03:45
has shaken country after country:
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋’คํ”๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
the Arab uprisings from Bahrain to Tunisia to Egypt and more;
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๋ฐ”๋ ˆ์ธ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์ง€, ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๊ทธ ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋กœ ํผ์ง„ ์•„๋ž์˜ ๋ด„,
03:53
indignados in Spain, Italy, Greece; the Gezi Park protests;
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ, ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ์ธ๋””๊ทธ๋‚˜๋„์Šค ์šด๋™, ๊ฒŒ์ง€ ๊ณต์› ์‹œ์œ„,
03:58
Taiwan; Euromaidan in Ukraine; Hong Kong.
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์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์˜ ์œ ๋กœ๋งˆ์ด๋‹จ, ๋Œ€๋งŒ๊ณผ ํ™์ฝฉ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
And think of more recent initiatives, like the #BringBackOurGirls hashtags.
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๋” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ #๋”ธ๋“ค์„๋Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:07
Nowadays, a network of tweets can unleash a global awareness campaign.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง์ด ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:14
A Facebook page can become the hub of a massive mobilization.
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
Amazing.
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์‹ค๋กœ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
But think of the moments I just mentioned.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:24
The achievements they were able to have, their outcomes,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ค„๋‚ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์€
04:29
are not really proportional to the size and energy they inspired.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
The hopes they rightfully raised are not really matched
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ๋•…ํžˆ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์€ ํฌ๋ง์€
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ธ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ๋Œ€๋“ฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
by what they were able to have as a result in the end.
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04:42
And this raises a question:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
As digital technology makes things easier for movements,
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์„ ๋” ์†์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:50
why haven't successful outcomes become more likely as well?
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์™œ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„๊นŒ?
04:54
In embracing digital platforms for activism and politics,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™๊ณผ ์ •์น˜ํ™œ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
05:00
are we overlooking some of the benefits of doing things the hard way?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?
05:04
Now, I believe so.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
I believe that the rule of thumb is:
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฒ•์น™์€
05:07
Easier to mobilize does not always mean easier to achieve gains.
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
Now, to be clear,
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๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
05:15
technology does empower in multiple ways.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ํž˜์„ ๋ณดํƒœ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
It's very powerful.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜์ฃ .
05:19
In Turkey, I watched four young college students
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ํ„ฐํ‚ค์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋„ค ๋ช…์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
05:23
organize a countrywide citizen journalism network called 140Journos
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๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ 140์ €๋…ธ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ์ „๊ตญ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€
05:28
that became the central hub for uncensored news in the country.
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๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒ€์—ด๋กœ ์‚ญ์ œ๋œ ๋‰ด์Šค์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
In Egypt, I saw another four young people use digital connectivity
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„ค ๋ช…์˜ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์ด 2011๋…„ ํƒ€ํ๋ฆฌ๋ฅด ๊ด‘์žฅ ์ธ๊ทผ์—์„œ
05:37
to organize the supplies and logistics for 10 field hospitals,
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ํฐ ์‹œ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง์œผ๋กœ
๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์•ผ์ „ ๋ณ‘์› 10๊ณณ์˜
05:41
very large operations,
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05:43
during massive clashes near Tahrir Square in 2011.
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๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์œ ํ†ต์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
And I asked the founder of this effort, called Tahrir Supplies,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด 'ํƒ€ํ๋ฆฌ๋ฅด ์„œํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์ฆˆ' ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ์ž์—๊ฒŒ
05:53
how long it took him to go from when he had the idea to when he got started.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
"Five minutes," he said. Five minutes.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ž‘ "5๋ถ„"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
And he had no training or background in logistics.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ ์ง€์›์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์‹๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
Or think of the Occupy movement which rocked the world in 2011.
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2011๋…„์— ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋’คํ”๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ์›”๊ฐ€ ์ ๋ น ์‹œ์œ„๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:07
It started with a single email
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์• ๋“œ๋ฒ„์Šคํ„ฐ์ฆˆ ์žก์ง€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
06:09
from a magazine, Adbusters, to 90,000 subscribers in its list.
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9๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ตฌ๋…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๋ฉ”์ผ ํ•œ ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
About two months after that first email,
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฉ”์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์†ก๋˜๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„ 
06:18
there were in the United States 600 ongoing occupations and protests.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ๋ น์šด๋™๊ณผ ์‹œ์œ„๊ฐ€ 600๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
Less than one month after the first physical occupation in Zuccotti Park,
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์ฃผ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ ๊ณต์› ๋ฌด๋ ฅ ์ ๋ น์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ๋„ ์ฑ„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
06:30
a global protest was held in about 82 countries, 950 cities.
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82๊ฐœ๊ตญ 950๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
It was one of the largest global protests ever organized.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์กฐ์ง๋œ ์‹œ์œ„ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
Now, compare that to what the Civil Rights Movement had to do in 1955 Alabama
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์ด์ œ ์ธ์ข…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฒ„์Šค ์ขŒ์„์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋งค ์šด๋™์ด์—ˆ๋˜
1955๋…„ ์•Œ๋ผ๋ฐ”๋งˆ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ํ‰๋“ฑ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:46
to protest the racially segregated bus system, which they wanted to boycott.
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06:52
They'd been preparing for many years
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ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜ ๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:54
and decided it was time to swing into action
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๋กœ์ž ํŒŒํฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ฒดํฌ๋˜์ž ํ–‰๋™์— ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
after Rosa Parks was arrested.
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06:58
But how do you get the word out --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ž, ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
07:00
tomorrow we're going to start the boycott --
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07:02
when you don't have Facebook, texting, Twitter, none of that?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด์ผ ๋ถˆ๋งค ์šด๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:08
So they had to mimeograph 52,000 leaflets
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณต์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€
07:13
by sneaking into a university duplicating room
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๋ฐค์ƒˆ๋„๋ก ๋น„๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์— ์ „๋‹จ์ง€ 5๋งŒ2์ฒœ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ธ์‡„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
and working all night, secretly.
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07:18
They then used the 68 African-American organizations
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„์‹œ ์ „์—ญ์— ํผ์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” 68๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ‘์ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
07:22
that criss-crossed the city to distribute those leaflets by hand.
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์ง์ ‘ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
And the logistical tasks were daunting, because these were poor people.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
They had to get to work, boycott or no,
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๋ถˆ๋งค ์šด๋™์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๋“  ๋ง๋“  ์ถœ๊ทผ์€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์—
07:33
so a massive carpool was organized,
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ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ์—ด์–ด ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์—
07:36
again by meeting.
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๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜๋ˆ ํƒˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์กฐ์œจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
No texting, no Twitter, no Facebook.
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๋ฌธ์ž๋‚˜, ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ, ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ ์—†์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:40
They had to meet almost all the time to keep this carpool going.
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๊ณ„์† ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํƒ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
Today, it would be so much easier.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ˆ˜์›”ํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:46
We could create a database, available rides and what rides you need,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒ‘์Šน๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ผ์ •์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
have the database coordinate, and use texting.
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07:54
We wouldn't have to meet all that much.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž์ฃผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
07:57
But again, consider this:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑธ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:59
the Civil Rights Movement in the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ํ‰๋“ฑ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™์€
08:02
navigated a minefield of political dangers,
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์ •์น˜์  ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ
08:07
faced repression and overcame, won major policy concessions,
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ํƒ„์••์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒจ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ฃผ์š” ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ
08:12
navigated and innovated through risks.
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋šซ๊ณ  ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
In contrast, three years after Occupy sparked
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๊ทธ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด, ์›”๊ฐ€ ์ ๋ น ์‹œ์œ„๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ
08:19
that global conversation about inequality,
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๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ์ง€ 3๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ
08:22
the policies that fueled it are still in place.
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์‹œ์œ„์˜ ์›์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
Europe was also rocked by anti-austerity protests,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ๋„ ๊ธด์ถ•์žฌ์ • ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์‹œ์œ„๋กœ ํ•œ๋•Œ ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์› ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
but the continent didn't shift its direction.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์€ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
08:33
In embracing these technologies,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์™€์ค‘์—
08:36
are we overlooking some of the benefits of slow and sustained?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Š๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๊พธ์ค€ํ•œ ์‹œ์œ„์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?
08:42
To understand this,
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์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด,
08:44
I went back to Turkey about a year after the Gezi protests
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ง€ ๊ณต์› ์‹œ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ง€ ์ผ ๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์‹œ์ ์— ํ„ฐํ‚ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€
08:47
and I interviewed a range of people,
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์•ผ๋‹น๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋‹น ์†Œ์†์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์œ„์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋˜
08:49
from activists to politicians,
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08:53
from both the ruling party and the opposition party and movements.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •์น˜์ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
I found that the Gezi protesters were despairing.
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์ €๋Š” ์‹œ์œ„์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฒด๋…ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
They were frustrated,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ขŒ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
09:03
and they had achieved much less than what they had hoped for.
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๋ฐ”๋ž๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
This echoed what I'd been hearing around the world
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์œ„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ
09:09
from many other protesters that I'm in touch with.
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๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
And I've come to realize that part of the problem
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์ €๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ์œ„๋“ค์ด ์—๋ฒ ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ์‚ฐ์„
09:15
is that today's protests have become a bit like climbing Mt. Everest
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60๋ช…์˜ ์…ฐ๋ฅดํŒŒ์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋“ฑ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด
09:21
with the help of 60 Sherpas,
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
and the Internet is our Sherpa.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์…ฐ๋ฅดํŒŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
What we're doing is taking the fast routes
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜
09:30
and not replacing the benefits of the slower work.
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์žฅ์ ์€ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ง€๋ฆ„๊ธธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
Because, you see,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด,
09:35
the kind of work that went into organizing
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ํž˜๋“ค๊ณ  ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ์ž‘์—…๋“ค์ด
09:38
all those daunting, tedious logistical tasks
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์กฐ์งํ™”๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ์œ„๋“ค์€
09:41
did not just take care of those tasks,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ž‘์—…๋งŒ ๋๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:44
they also created the kind of organization that could think together collectively
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์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉฐ
09:48
and make hard decisions together,
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์˜๊ฒฌ์˜ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ , ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
09:51
create consensus and innovate, and maybe even more crucially,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ, ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”
09:55
keep going together through differences.
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์กฐ์ง์„ ์–‘์„ฑํ•ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
So when you see this March on Washington in 1963,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 1963๋…„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ํ–‰์ง„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด,
10:03
when you look at that picture,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
10:05
where this is the march where Martin Luther King gave his famous
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์ด ํ–‰์ง„ ๋‹น์‹œ์ธ 1963๋…„์— ๋งˆํ‹ด ๋ฃจํ„ฐ ํ‚น์ด ๊ทธ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ
10:08
"I have a dream" speech, 1963,
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"๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
you don't just see a march and you don't just hear a powerful speech,
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ํ–‰์ง„๋„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์—ฐ์„ค๋„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
you also see the painstaking, long-term work that can put on that march.
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ํ–‰์ง„์—๋Š” ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๋“ค์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
And if you're in power,
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ํž˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
10:22
you realize you have to take the capacity signaled by that march,
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ–‰์ง„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ ํ–‰์ง„์ด ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ๊นŒ์ง€
10:27
not just the march, but the capacity signaled by that march, seriously.
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๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
In contrast, when you look at Occupy's global marches
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ, 2์ฃผ ๋งŒ์— ์กฐ์ง๋œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์กŒ๋˜
10:35
that were organized in two weeks,
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์›”๊ฐ€ ์ ๋ น ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
10:37
you see a lot of discontent,
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๋ถˆ๋งŒ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:38
but you don't necessarily see teeth that can bite over the long term.
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ๋‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ผญ ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
And crucially, the Civil Rights Movement innovated tactically
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๋˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด, ์‹œ๋ฏผ ํ‰๋“ฑ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™์ด ๋ถˆ๋งค ์šด๋™๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์ด ์‹๋‹น์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์ธ ์—ฐ์ขŒ ๋†์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
10:47
from boycotts to lunch counter sit-ins to pickets to marches to freedom rides.
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์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
Today's movements scale up very quickly without the organizational base
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์€ ํž˜๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ง€์›์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
10:58
that can see them through the challenges.
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์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋„์›€์—†์ด๋„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ปค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
They feel a little like startups that got very big
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ญ˜ ํ•ด์•ผ๋ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ปค์ง„
11:04
without knowing what to do next,
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์‹ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์—…์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
and they rarely manage to shift tactically
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
because they don't have the depth of capacity
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ—ค์ณ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊นŠ์ด์™€ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
to weather such transitions.
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11:14
Now, I want to be clear: The magic is not in the mimeograph.
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์˜›๋‚  ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
It's in that capacity to work together, think together collectively,
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๊ฐ™์ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋น„๊ฒฐ์ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
which can only be built over time with a lot of work.
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์ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์•ผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
To understand all this,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:30
I interviewed a top official from the ruling party in Turkey,
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์ €๋Š” ํ„ฐํ‚ค ์—ฌ๋‹น์˜ ๊ณ ์œ„ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ
11:34
and I ask him, "How do you do it?"
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"์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
They too use digital technology extensively, so that's not it.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:40
So what's the secret?
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๋น„๊ฒฐ์ด ๋ญ์˜€์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:42
Well, he told me.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
He said the key is he never took sugar with his tea.
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์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฐจ์— ์„คํƒ•์„ ๋„ฃ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น„๊ฒฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
11:50
I said, what has that got to do with anything?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
Well, he said, his party starts getting ready for the next election
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ์ •๋‹น์€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚œ ๋‹ค์Œ๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ
11:56
the day after the last one,
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์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
and he spends all day every day meeting with voters in their homes,
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๋งค์ผ๋งค์ผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์„ ์ง‘์— ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
12:02
in their wedding parties, circumcision ceremonies,
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์— ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
and then he meets with his colleagues to compare notes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•œ ๊ฑธ ๋น„๊ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
With that many meetings every day, with tea offered at every one of them,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ผ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ ‘๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
which he could not refuse, because that would be rude,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์˜์— ์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋–„๋ฌธ์—
12:15
he could not take even one cube of sugar per cup of tea,
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์ฐจ ํ•œ ์ž”์— ๊ฐ์„คํƒ• ํ•˜๋‚˜์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
because that would be many kilos of sugar, he can't even calculate how many kilos,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ์ด๋ฉด ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์„คํƒ•์ด ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:24
and at that point I realized why he was speaking so fast.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์™œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
We had met in the afternoon, and he was already way over-caffeinated.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ›„์— ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์„ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ญ์ทจํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
But his party won two major elections
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ •๋‹น์€ ๊ฒŒ์ง€ ์‹œ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ง€
12:37
within a year of the Gezi protests with comfortable margins.
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์ผ ๋…„๋„ ์•ˆ ๋œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์œ  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ํฐ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
To be sure, governments have different resources to bring to the table.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ •๋ถ€๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋™์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์›์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
It's not the same game, but the differences are instructive.
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์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์ง„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด์—์„œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์€ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
And like all such stories, this is not a story just of technology.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
It's what technology allows us to do converging with what we want to do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:56
Today's social movements want to operate informally.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์€ ๋…์ž์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
They do not want institutional leadership.
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์กฐ์ง์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
13:02
They want to stay out of politics because they fear corruption and cooptation.
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๋ถ€์ •๋ถ€ํŒจ๋‚˜ ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•ด์„œ ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฎ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
They have a point.
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์ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:08
Modern representative democracies are being strangled in many countries
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๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ด์ต๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋Œ€์˜๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ˆจํ†ต์„
13:11
by powerful interests.
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์กฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
But operating this way makes it hard for them
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:17
to sustain over the long term and exert leverage over the system,
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๋Œ€์˜๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฒด์ œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
which leads to frustrated protesters dropping out,
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์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ขŒ์ ˆํ•œ ์‹œ์œ„ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€ ์ค‘๋„์— ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
13:24
and even more corrupt politics.
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์ •์น˜๋Š” ๋” ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
And politics and democracy without an effective challenge hobbles,
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์‹ค์งˆ์  ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ •์น˜์™€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌถ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
because the causes that have inspired the modern recent movements are crucial.
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๊ทผ๋Œ€์˜ ์‹œ์œ„ ์šด๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ๋ช…๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
Climate change is barreling towards us.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋Œ์ง„ํ•ด ์˜ค๊ณ 
13:42
Inequality is stifling human growth and potential and economies.
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ต์••ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
Authoritarianism is choking many countries.
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๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์„ ์กฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
We need movements to be more effective.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ์œ„๋Š” ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
Now, some people have argued that the problem is
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์‹œ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์˜›๋‚ ๋ณด๋‹ค
13:55
today's movements are not formed of people who take as many risks as before,
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋œ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ์กฐ์ง๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
and that is not true.
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์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
From Gezi to Tahrir to elsewhere,
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๊ฒŒ์ง€์—์„œ ํƒ€ํ๋ฆฌ๋ฅด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€
14:06
I've seen people put their lives and livelihoods on the line.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ˆจ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
It's also not true, as Malcolm Gladwell claimed,
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๋ง์ฝค ๊ธ€๋ ˆ๋“œ์›ฐ์ด ๋งํ•œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์‹œ์œ„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋” ์•ฝํ•œ
14:12
that today's protesters form weaker virtual ties.
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๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
No, they come to these protests, just like before,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์˜›๋‚ ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ธ๋งฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
14:18
with their friends, existing networks,
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์‹œ์œ„์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
and sometimes they do make new friends for life.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–จ ๋• ํ‰์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
I still see the friends that I made
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ 10๋…„ ์ „์— ์‚ฌํŒŒํ‹ฐ์Šคํƒ€๊ฐ€
14:26
in those Zapatista-convened global protests more than a decade ago,
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์ผ์œผํ‚จ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์‹œ์œ„์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
and the bonds between strangers are not worthless.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ์œ ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์—†์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
When I got tear-gassed in Gezi,
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๊ฒŒ์ง€์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋ฃจํƒ„์— ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋‹นํ•  ๋•Œ
14:34
people I didn't know helped me and one another instead of running away.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋„๋ง๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ €์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
In Tahrir, I saw people, protesters,
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ํƒ€ํ๋ฆฌ๋ฅด์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ
14:43
working really hard to keep each other safe and protected.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์œ„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
And digital awareness-raising is great,
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
because changing minds is the bedrock of changing politics.
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋ฐ˜์„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
But movements today have to move beyond participation at great scale very fast
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ์„œ
14:59
and figure out how to think together collectively,
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์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ 
15:02
develop strong policy proposals, create consensus,
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์ •์น˜์  ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๊ฒฌ์˜ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ 
15:06
figure out the political steps and relate them to leverage,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
because all these good intentions and bravery and sacrifice by itself
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์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ์„ ์˜์™€ ํฌ์ƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
15:13
are not going to be enough.
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๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
And there are many efforts.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
In New Zealand, a group of young people are developing a platform called Loomio
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ํ•œ ์ Š์€์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
15:21
for participatory decision making at scale.
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์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
In Turkey, 140Journos are holding hack-a-thons
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ํ„ฐํ‚ค์—์„œ๋Š” 140์ €๋…ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„
15:28
so that they support communities as well as citizen journalism.
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์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ดํ‚น ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ์—ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
In Argentina, an open-source platform called DemocracyOS
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์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ธ ๋ฐ๋ชจํฌ๋ผ์‹œOS๊ฐ€
15:35
is bringing participation to parliaments and political parties.
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๊ตญํšŒ์™€ ์ •๋‹น์—์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
These are all great, and we need more,
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๋‹ค ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
but the answer won't just be better online decision-making,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
because to update democracy, we are going to need to innovate at every level,
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
15:52
from the organizational to the political to the social.
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์กฐ์ง์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋ฉด๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
Because to succeed over the long term,
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
16:00
sometimes you do need tea without sugar
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๊ฐ€๋”์€ ์„คํƒ• ์—†๋Š” ์ฐจ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
along with your Twitter.
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ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด์š”.
16:04
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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