Origami robots that reshape and transform themselves | Jamie Paik

Prevoditelj: Martina Peraic Recezent: Sanda L

As a roboticist, I get asked a lot of questions.

Kao robotičarka primam mnoga pitanja.

"When we will they start serving me breakfast?"

"Kada će mi moći poslužiti doručak?"

So I thought the future of robotics would be looking more like us.

Pa sam mislila da će budućnost robotike biti da više podsjećaju na nas.

I thought they would look like me,

Mislila sam da će izgledati kao ja

so I built eyes that would simulate my eyes.

pa sam napravila oči koje bi simulirale moje oči.

I built fingers that are dextrous enough to serve me ...

Napravila sam prste dovoljno pokretne da mi posluže...

baseballs.

bejzbolske loptice.

Classical robots like this

Klasični roboti poput ovoga

are built and become functional

izgrađeni su i postaju funkcionalni

based on the fixed number of joints and actuators.

na osnovu određenog broja zglobova i pokretnih sklopova.

And this means their functionality and shape are already fixed

To znači da su njihova funkcionalnost i oblik unaprijed određeni

at the moment of their conception.

u trenutku njihova nastanka.

So even though this arm has a really nice throw --

Pa iako njegova ruka može jako lijepo bacati --

it even hit the tripod at the end--

na kraju je čak pogodila stalak za snimanje --

it's not meant for cooking you breakfast per se.

nije namijenjena za to da vam priprema doručak.

It's not really suited for scrambled eggs.

Doista nije prikladna za pečenje jaja.

So this was when I was hit by a new vision of future robotics:

Tada mi je pala na pamet nova vizija budućnosti robotike.

the transformers.

Transformeri.

They drive, they run, they fly,

Oni voze, trče, lete,

all depending on the ever-changing, new environment and task at hand.

već ovisno o stalno promjenjivoj, novoj okolini i novom zadatku pred njima.

To make this a reality,

Da bi se to ostvarilo,

you really have to rethink how robots are designed.

stvarno morate iznova osmisliti način dizajniranja robota.

So, imagine a robotic module in a polygon shape

Zamislite robotski modul višekutnog oblika

and using that simple polygon shape

i korištenje tog jednostavnog višekutnog oblika

to reconstruct multiple different forms

za rekonstrukciju brojnih različitih oblika

to create a new form of robot for different tasks.

kako bi se stvorio novi oblik robota za obavljanje različitih zadataka.

In CG, computer graphics, it's not any news --

U računalnoj grafici, i to nije neka novost --

it's been done for a while, and that's how most of the movies are made.

ovo se radi već neko vrijeme i tako nastaje većina filmova.

But if you're trying to make a robot that's physically moving,

Ali ako želite napraviti robota koji se fizički pokreće,

it's a completely new story.

to je sasvim druga priča.

It's a completely new paradigm.

Potpuno nova paradigma.

But you've all done this.

Ali svi ste to već radili.

Who hasn't made a paper airplane, paper boat, paper crane?

Tko nije pravio avione, čamce, ždralove od papira?

Origami is a versatile platform for designers.

Origami je platforma puna raznovrsnosti za dizajnere.

From a single sheet of paper, you can make multiple shapes,

Iz jednog komada papira mogu nastati brojni oblici,

and if you don't like it, you unfold and fold back again.

a ako vam se ne sviđa, odmotate i ponovo zamotate.

Any 3D form can be made from 2D surfaces by folding,

Svaki 3D oblik može nastati iz 2D površina presavijanjem,

and this is proven mathematically.

što je matematički dokazano.

And imagine if you were to have an intelligent sheet

Zamislite da imate pametnu površinu

that can self-fold into any form it wants,

koja se sama može složiti u bilo koji oblik koji poželi,

anytime.

u bilo koje vrijeme.

And that's what I've been working on.

Na tome sam radila.

I call this robotic origami,

Zovem to robotski origami,

"robogami."

"robogami".

This is our first robogami transformation

Ovo je naše prvo preoblikovanje robogamija

that was made by me about 10 years ago.

koje sam napravila prije 10 godina.

From a flat-sheeted robot,

Od robota kojeg čini ravna površina,

it turns into a pyramid and back into a flat sheet

pretvara se u piramidu pa opet u ravnu površinu,

and into a space shuttle.

te u svemirski brod.

Quite cute.

Prilično slatko.

Ten years later, with my group of ninja origami robotic researchers --

Deset godina kasnije, sa svojom grupom nindža origami robotskih istraživača --

about 22 of them right now --

kojih sada ima oko 22-oje --

we have a new generation of robogamis,

stvorili smo novu generaciju robogamija,

and they're a little more effective and they do more than that.

koji su malo učinkovitiji i mogu puno više.

So the new generation of robogamis actually serve a purpose.

Tako da nova generacija robogamija ispunjava određenu svrhu.

For example, this one actually navigates through different terrains autonomously.

Naprimjer, ovaj se samostalno kreće kroz različite terene.

So when it's a dry and flat land, it crawls.

Pa kada je na suhom i ravnom tlu, onda puza.

And if it meets sudden rough terrain,

Ako je odjednom na grubom terenu,

it starts rolling.

počne se kotrljati.

It does this -- it's the same robot --

Radi to -- to je isti robot --

but depending on which terrain it meets,

ali ovisno o tome s kakvim terenom se susreće,

it activates a different sequence of actuators that's on board.

aktivira drugačiji niz uprogramiranih pokretnih sklopova.

And once it meets an obstacle, it jumps over it.

A kada se nađe pred zaprekom, preskoči je.

It does this by storing energy in each of its legs

To čini pohranjivanjem energije u svakoj nozi

and releasing it and catapulting like a slingshot.

te otpuštajući je i katapultirajući se kao iz praćke.

And it even does gymnastics.

Čak i gimnasticira.

Yay.

Super.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So I just showed you what a single robogami can do.

Pokazala sam vam što jedan robogami može činiti.

Imagine what they can do as a group.

Zamislite što bi mogli kao skupina.

They can join forces to tackle more complex tasks.

Oni mogu udružiti snage kako bi savladali složenije zadatke.

Each module, either active or passive,

Svaki modul, bilo da je aktivan ili pasivan,

we can assemble them to create different shapes.

možemo sastaviti tako da stvaraju različite oblike.

Not only that, by controlling the folding joints,

Štoviše, kontrolirajući zglobove koji se preslaguju,

we're able to create and attack different tasks.

možemo stvarati i savladavati različite zadatke.

The form is making new task space.

Oblik stvara novi prostor za zadatak.

And this time, what's most important is the assembly.

Ovoga puta, najvažniji dio je sastavljanje.

They need to autonomously find each other in a different space,

Moraju samostalno pronaći jedni druge u novom prostoru,

attach and detach, depending on the environment and task.

spojiti se i odspojiti, ovisno o okolini i zadatku.

And we can do this now.

I sada to možemo učiniti.

So what's next?

Što je sljedeće?

Our imagination.

Naša mašta.

This is a simulation of what you can achieve

Ovo je simulacija onoga što možemo postići

with this type of module.

ovom vrstom modula.

We decided that we were going to have a four-legged crawler

Odlučili smo da ćemo napraviti četveronožnog puzača

turn into a little dog and make small gaits.

koji postaje maleni pas i radi male pokrete.

With the same module, we can actually make it do something else:

Istim modulom možemo postići da radi nešto drugo:

a manipulator, a typical, classical robotic task.

manipuliranje, tipičan, klasičan robotski zadatak.

So with a manipulator, it can pick up an object.

Manipulator može podići predmet.

Of course, you can add more modules to make the manipulator legs longer

Naravno, možete dodati još modula kako bi mu noge bile duže,

to attack or pick up objects that are bigger or smaller,

kako bi savladao ili pokupio veće ili manje predmete,

or even have a third arm.

ili može imati i treću ruku.

For robogamis, there's no one fixed shape nor task.

Kod robogamija ne postoji predodređen oblik niti zadatak.

They can transform into anything, anywhere, anytime.

Mogu se preoblikovati u bilo što, bilo gdje, u bilo koje vrijeme.

So how do you make them?

Kako ih napraviti?

The biggest technical challenge of robogami is keeping them super thin,

Najveći tehnički izazov robogamija jest kako da ostanu vrlo tanki,

flexible,

rastezljivi,

but still remaining functional.

ali da ostanu funkcionalni.

They're composed of multiple layers of circuits, motors,

Sastavljeni su od višestrukih slojeva električnih spojeva, motora,

microcontrollers and sensors,

mikrokontrolera i senzora,

all in the single body,

sve to u jednom tijelu,

and when you control individual folding joints,

i kada kontrolirate pojedine zglobove za savijanje,

you'll be able to achieve soft motions like that

moći ćete postići ovako nježne kretnje

upon your command.

na vašu naredbu.

Instead of being a single robot that is specifically made for a single task,

Umjesto da ste jedan robot koji je posebno sagrađen za jednu namjenu,

robogamis are optimized to do multi-tasks.

robogamiji su prilagođeni za višestruke zadatke.

And this is quite important

To je prilično važno

for the difficult and unique environments on the Earth

za komplicirane i jedinstvene okoline na Zemlji,

as well as in space.

kao i u svemiru.

Space is a perfect environment for robogamis.

Svemir je idealno okruženje za robogamije.

You cannot afford to have one robot for one task.

Ne možemo si priuštiti da imamo jednog robota za jedan zadatak.

Who knows how many tasks you will encounter in space?

Tko zna s koliko zadataka će se susresti u svemiru?

What you want is a single robotic platform that can transform to do multi-tasks.

Želimo imati jednu robotsku površinu koja se preoblikuje za brojne zadatke.

What we want is a deck of thin robogami modules

Želimo imati niz tankih modula robogamija

that can transform to do multiples of performing tasks.

koji se preoblikuju za obavljanje mnogih zadataka.

And don't take my word for it,

Ne morate meni vjerovati,

because the European Space Agency and Swiss Space Center

zato što Europska svemirska agencija i Švicarski svemirski centar

are sponsoring this exact concept.

sponzoriraju upravo ovaj koncept.

So here you see a couple of images of reconfiguration of robogamis,

Ovdje vidite nekoliko snimaka rekonfiguracije robogamija

exploring the foreign land aboveground, on the surface,

istražujući strano tlo na površini,

as well as digging into the surface.

kao i kopajući ispod površine.

It's not just exploration.

To nije samo istraživanje.

For astronauts, they need additional help,

Astronautima je potrebna dodatna pomoć

because you cannot afford to bring interns up there, either.

zato što si ne možemo priuštiti ni da odvodimo pripravnike onamo.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

They have to do every tedious task.

Moraju obaviti svaki naporan zadatak.

They may be simple,

Oni mogu biti jednostavni,

but super interactive.

ali vrlo interaktivni.

So you need robots to facilitate their experiments,

Pa im roboti trebaju kako bi omogućili njihove pokuse,

assisting them with the communications

pomogli im u komunikaciji

and just docking onto surfaces to be their third arm holding different tools.

i samo kako bi ih smjestili na površine da im budu treća ruka držeći im alate.

But how will they be able to control robogamis, for example,

Ali kako će moći kontrolirati robogamije, primjerice,

outside the space station?

izvan svemirske postaje?

In this case, I show a robogami that is holding space debris.

U ovom slučaju, vidimo robogamija koji drži svemirski otpad.

You can work with your vision so that you can control them,

Možete raditi na vizualnoj tehnologiji kako biste ih kontrolirali,

but what would be better is having the sensation of touch

ali bilo bi bolje kada bi se osjet dodira

directly transported onto the hands of the astronauts.

mogao izravno prenijeti na ruke astronauta.

And what you need is a haptic device,

Potreban vam je haptički uređaj,

a haptic interface that recreates the sensation of touch.

haptičko sučelje koje oponaša osjet dodira.

And using robogamis, we can do this.

Koristeći robogamije možemo to postići.

This is the world's smallest haptic interface

Ovo je najmanje haptičko sučelje na svijetu

that can recreate a sensation of touch just underneath your fingertip.

koje može oponašati osjet dodira pod vrhom vašeg prsta.

We do this by moving the robogami

Činimo to pokretanjem robogamija

by microscopic and macroscopic movements at the stage.

mikroskopskim i makroskopskim pokretima na platformi.

And by having this, not only will you be able to feel

Ako imate ovo, ne samo da ćete moći osjetiti

how big the object is,

koliko je velik predmet,

the roundness and the lines,

oblost i obrise,

but also the stiffness and the texture.

nego i čvrstoću i teksturu.

Alex has this interface just underneath his thumb,

Alex ima ovo sučelje pod svojim palcem,

and if he were to use this with VR goggles and hand controllers,

i ako bismo upotrijebili ovo s naočalama za VR i ručnim kontrolerima,

now the virtual reality is no longer virtual.

odjednom virtualna stvarnost nije više virtualna.

It becomes a tangible reality.

Postaje stvarnost koju možemo dotaknuti.

The blue ball, red ball and black ball that he's looking at

Plava, crvena i crna loptica koje gleda

is no longer differentiated by colors.

više se ne razlikuju po boji.

Now it is a rubber blue ball, sponge red ball and billiard black ball.

Sada su to gumena plava loptica, spužvasta crvena loptica i crna biljarska kuglica.

This is now possible.

To je sada moguće.

Let me show you.

Pokazat ću vam.

This is really the first time this is shown live

Ovo se prvi put prikazuje uživo

in front of a public grand audience,

pred brojnom publikom

so hopefully this works.

pa se nadam da će uspjeti.

So what you see here is an atlas of anatomy

Ovdje možete vidjeti atlas anatomije

and the robogami haptic interface.

i robogami haptičko sučelje.

So, like all the other reconfigurable robots,

I poput svih robota koji mijenjaju oblik,

it multitasks.

može obavljati više zadataka.

Not only is it going to serve as a mouse,

Neće samo poslužiti kao miš,

but also a haptic interface.

nego i kao haptičko sučelje.

So for example, we have a white background where there is no object.

Primjerice, imamo bijelu pozadinu tamo gdje nema predmeta.

That means there is nothing to feel,

To znači da nema ničega za osjetiti

so we can have a very, very flexible interface.

pa možemo imati vrlo, vrlo fleksibilno sučelje.

Now, I use this as a mouse to approach skin,

Koristim se mišem da priđem koži,

a muscular arm,

mišićavoj ruci,

so now let's feel his biceps,

a sada da osjetimo njegov biceps,

or shoulders.

ili ramena.

So now you see how much stiffer it becomes.

Vidite koliko postaje čvršće.

Let's explore even more.

Istražimo još malo.

Let's approach the ribcage.

Priđimo prsnom košu.

And as soon as I move on top of the ribcage

Čim se krećem povrh grudnog koša

and between the intercostal muscles,

koji je čvršći, i među rebrenim mišićima,

which is softer and harder,

koji su mekši,

I can feel the difference of the stiffness.

mogu osjetiti razliku u čvrstoći.

Take my word for it.

Vjerujte mi na riječ.

So now you see, it's much stiffer in terms of the force

Vidite, puno je čvršće u smislu otpora

it's giving back to my fingertip.

koji pruža vrhu moga prsta.

So I showed you the surfaces that aren't moving.

Pokazala sam vam površine koje se ne kreću.

How about if I were to approach something that moves,

Kako bi bilo da priđemo nečemu što se kreće,

for example, like a beating heart?

primjerice, srcu koje kuca?

What would I feel?

Što bih osjetila?

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

This can be your beating heart.

To bi moglo biti vaše srce koje kuca.

This can actually be inside your pocket

Ovo biste mogli imati u džepu

while you're shopping online.

dok kupujete na internetu.

Now you'll be able to feel the difference of the sweater that you're buying,

Moći ćete osjetiti razliku između džempera koji biste kupili,

how soft it is,

koliko je mekan,

if it's actually cashmere or not,

je li doista od kašmira ili nije,

or the bagel that you're trying to buy,

ili pecivo koje želite kupiti,

how hard it is or how crispy it is.

koliko je tvrdo ili hrskavo.

This is now possible.

To je sada moguće.

The robotics technology is advancing to be more personalized and adaptive,

Robotska tehnologija napreduje kako bi bila osobnija i prilagodljivija,

to adapt to our everyday needs.

da se prilagodi vašim svakodnevnim potrebama.

This unique specie of reconfigurable robotics

Jedinstvena znanstvena grana transformativne robotike

is actually the platform to provide this invisible, intuitive interface

je zapravo platforma za omogućavanje ovog nevidljivog, navodljivog sučelja

to meet our exact needs.

da zadovolji naše potrebe.

These robots will no longer look like the characters from the movies.

Ovi roboti više neće izgledati kao likovi iz filmova.

Instead, they will be whatever you want them to be.

Umjesto toga, bit će što god vi poželite da budu.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)