Meet Spot, the robot dog that can run, hop and open doors | Marc Raibert

Prevoditelj: Lidija Funtek Recezent: Viktorija Đuđik

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

That's SpotMini.

To je SpotMini.

He'll be back in a little while.

Uskoro će nam se opet pridružiti.

I --

Ja...

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

I love building robots.

Volim izrađivati robote.

And my long-term goal is to build robots

A moj dugoročni cilj je izraditi robote

that can do what people and animals do.

koji mogu sve što mogu ljudi i životinje.

And there's three things in particular

A postoje tri stvari

that we're interested in.

koje nas najviše zanimaju.

One is balance and dynamic mobility,

Prva je ravnoteža i pokretljivost,

the second one is mobile manipulation,

druga je upravljanje tom pokretljivošću,

and the third one is mobile perception.

a treća je percepcija te pokretljivosti.

So, dynamic mobility and balance --

Dakle, pokretljivost i ravnoteža...

I'm going to do a demo for you.

Pokazat ću vam.

I'm standing here, balancing.

Stojim ovdje, održavam ravnotežu.

I can see you're not very impressed. OK, how about now?

Vidim da niste baš impresionirani. U redu, a sada?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

How about now?

A sada?

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Those simple capabilities mean that people can go almost anywhere on earth,

Ove jednostavne sposobnosti omogućavaju ljudima da idu bilo gdje,

on any kind of terrain.

bez obzira na vrstu terena.

We want to capture that for robots.

Želimo to omogućiti i robotima.

What about manipulation?

A upravljanje pokretljivošću?

I'm holding this clicker in my hand;

Držim ovaj daljinski u ruci;

I'm not even looking at it,

čak ga ni ne gledam,

and I can manipulate it without any problem.

a mogu bez problema upravljati njime.

But even more important,

Ali što je još važnije,

I can move my body while I hold the manipulator, the clicker,

mogu pokretati tijelo dok držim daljinski,

and stabilize and coordinate my body,

stabilizirati i koordinirati svoje tijelo,

and I can even walk around.

čak i hodati okolo.

And that means I can move around in the world

To znači da se mogu kretati bilo gdje,

and expand the range of my arms and my hands

širiti raspon svojih ruku

and really be able to handle almost anything.

i stvarno moći upravljati bilo čime.

So that's mobile manipulation.

To je upravljanje pokretljivošću.

And all of you can do this.

I svi vi to možete.

Third is perception.

Treće je percepcija.

I'm looking at a room with over 1,000 people in it,

Gledam sobu u kojoj se nalazi više od 1000 ljudi

and my amazing visual system can see every one of you --

i moj nevjerojatan vizualni sustav omogućuje mi da vas sve vidim...

you're all stable in space,

svi stojite na mjestu,

even when I move my head,

čak i kad pomaknem glavu,

even when I move around.

čak i kad se krećem.

That kind of mobile perception is really important for robots

Takva percepcija pokretljivosti veoma je važna za robote

that are going to move and act

koji će se kretati i djelovati

out in the world.

vani u svijetu.

I'm going to give you a little status report

Ukratko ću vam reći kako napredujemo

on where we are in developing robots toward these ends.

s razvojem robota i ovih vještina.

The first three robots are all dynamically stabilized robots.

Prva tri robota imaju mogućnost održavanja ravnoteže.

This one goes back a little over 10 years ago --

Ovo je bilo prije desetak godina...

"BigDog."

"BigDog" (VelikiPas)

It's got a gyroscope that helps stabilize it.

Ima žiroskop pomoću kojeg održava ravnotežu.

It's got sensors and a control computer.

Ima senzore i računalni nadzor.

Here's a Cheetah robot that's running with a galloping gait,

Ovo je robot Gepard koji galopira,

reciklira svoju energiju,

where it recycles its energy,

it bounces on the ground,

odskače od zemlje

and it's computing all the time

i cijelo vrijeme proračunava

in order to keep itself stabilized and propelled.

kako bi održao ravnotežu i pokretljivost.

And here's a bigger robot

Ovo je veći robot

that's got such good locomotion using its legs,

čije su noge toliko pokretljive

that it can go in deep snow.

da može ići u dubok snijeg.

This is about 10 inches deep,

Ovo je nekih 25 cm dubine

and it doesn't really have any trouble.

i ne predstavlja mu problem.

This is Spot, a new generation of robot --

Ovo je Spot, nova generacija robota,

just slightly older than the one that came out onstage.

malo starija od onoga kojeg ste vidjeli na pozornici.

And we've been asking the question --

Postavili smo i jedno pitanje -

you've all heard about drone delivery:

svi ste čuli za dostavu dronovima:

Can we deliver packages to your houses with drones?

Možemo li dronovima dostavljati pakete na kućnu adresu?

Well, what about plain old legged-robot delivery?

Ali što je sa dobrom starom nožnom robotskom dostavom?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So we've been taking our robot to our employees' homes

Dakle, vodili smo robote u domove naših zaposlenika

to see whether we could get in --

da vidimo možemo li ući...

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

the various access ways.

na različite načine.

And believe me, in the Boston area,

I vjerujte mi, na području Bostona

there's every manner of stairway twists and turns.

postoji mnogo stuba i raznih prepreka,

So it's a real challenge.

tako da je to pravi izazov.

But we're doing very well, about 70 percent of the way.

No 70% vremena nam dobro ide.

And here's mobile manipulation,

Ovo je upravljanje pokretljivošću

where we've put an arm on the robot,

gdje smo na robota stavili ruku

and it's finding its way through the door.

i on pokušava proći kroz vrata.

Now, one of the important things about making autonomous robots

Jedna od važnih stvari pri izradi samostalnih robota

is to make them not do just exactly what you say,

je ta da ih naučimo ne samo izvršavati zapovijedi,

but make them deal with the uncertainty of what happens in the real world.

već i da se mogu prilagoditi nepredviđenim situacijama.

So we have Steve there, one of the engineers,

Ovdje vidimo Stevea, jednog od inženjera

giving the robot a hard time.

kako muči robota.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And the fact that the programming still tolerates all that disturbance --

A činjenica je da uz sve te smetnje,

it does what it's supposed to.

program i dalje radi što treba.

Here's another example, where Eric is tugging on the robot

Evo još jednog primjera gdje Eric vuče robota

as it goes up the stairs.

dok se penje uz stepenice.

And believe me,

I vjerujte mi,

getting it to do what it's supposed to do in those circumstances

natjerati ga da učini ono što treba u tim okolnostima

is a real challenge,

jako je teško,

but the result is something that's going to generalize

ali rezultat će sve robote učiniti

and make robots much more autonomous than they would be otherwise.

samostalnijima nego što bi inače bili.

This is Atlas, a humanoid robot.

Ovo je Atlas, humanoidni robot.

It's a third-generation humanoid that we've been building.

To je humanoidni robot treće generacije na kojem radimo.

I'll tell you a little bit about the hardware design later.

Kasnije ću vam reći nešto o radu hardvera.

And we've been saying:

Pitali smo se i sljedeće:

How close to human levels of performance and speed could we get

Koliko se možemo približiti ljudskoj brzini

in an ordinary task,

obavljanja običnih zadataka

like moving boxes around on a conveyor?

poput pomicanja kutija na pokretnoj traci?

We're getting up to about two-thirds of the speed that a human operates

Uspjeli smo postići dvije trećine brzine

on average.

kojom ljudi inače rade.

And this robot is using both hands, it's using its body,

Ovaj robot koristi obje ruke, koristi svoje tijelo,

it's stepping,

hoda

so it's really an example of dynamic stability,

i pravi je primjer ravnoteže,

mobile manipulation

upravljanja pokretljivošću

and mobile perception.

i percepcije pokretljivosti.

Here --

Ovdje...

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

We actually have two Atlases.

Zapravo imamo dva Atlasa.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Now, everything doesn't go exactly the way it's supposed to.

Ne ide uvijek sve po planu.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And here's our latest robot, called "Handle."

Ovo je naš najnoviji robot zvan "Handle".

Handle is interesting, because it's sort of half like an animal,

Handle je zanimljiv jer je pola životinja,

and it's half something else

a pola nešto drugo

with these leg-like things and wheels.

s nečime što sliči na noge i kotače.

It's got its arms on in kind of a funny way,

Ruke su mu smiješno smještene,

but it really does some remarkable things.

ali može izvesti nevjerojatne stvari.

It can carry 100 pounds.

Može podići 45 kg.

It's probably going to lift more than that,

Vjerojatno će moći podići i više od toga,

but so far we've done 100.

ali sada smo na 45 kg.

It's got some pretty good rough-terrain capability,

Može se dosta dobro kretati po neravnom terenu,

even though it has wheels.

iako ima kotače.

And Handle loves to put on a show.

A voli se i praviti važan.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

I'm going to give you a little bit of robot religion.

Podijelit ću s vama malo robotske religije.

A lot of people think that a robot is a machine where there's a computer

Mnogi misle da je robot uređaj kojem računalo

that's telling it what to do,

govori što da radi,

and the computer is listening through its sensors.

a računalo sluša pomoću senzora.

But that's really only half of the story.

No to je samo pola priče.

The real story is that the computer is on one side,

Računalo je zapravo s jedne strane,

making suggestions to the robot,

daje prijedloge robotu,

and on the other side are the physics of the world.

a s druge strane je fizika svijeta.

And that physics involves gravity, friction, bouncing into things.

Ta fizika uključuje gravitaciju, trenje i odbijanje od predmeta.

In order to have a successful robot,

Kako bismo imali uspješnog robota,

my religion is that you have to do a holistic design,

smatram da morate imati holistički pristup,

where you're designing the software, the hardware and the behavior

gdje razvijate softver, hardver i ponašanje,

all at one time,

sve odjednom,

and all these parts really intermesh and cooperate with each other.

a svi ti dijelovi se miješaju i surađuju jedan s drugim.

And when you get the perfect design, you get a real harmony

Kada postignete savršeni dizajn postigli ste pravi sklad

between all those parts interacting with each other.

među svim tim dijelovima koji zajedno surađuju.

So it's half software and half hardware,

Znači, čini ga pola softvera, pola hardvera

plus the behavior.

i ponašanje.

We've done some work lately on the hardware, where we tried to go --

Nedavno smo na hardveru pokušali...

the picture on the left is a conventional design,

slika lijevo je uobičajeni dizajn,

where you have parts that are all bolted together,

u kojem su svi dijelovi spojeni,

conductors, tubes, connectors.

vodiči, cijevi, priključci.

And on the right is a more integrated thing;

Na desnoj su više uklopljeno;

it's supposed to look like an anatomy drawing.

trebalo bi izgledati kao anatomski crtež.

Using the miracle of 3-D printing,

Koristeći se čudesnom moći 3-D printanja,

we're starting to build parts of robots

izrađujemo dijelove robota

that look a lot more like the anatomy of an animal.

koji sve više izgledaju kao dio životinjske anatomije.

So that's an upper-leg part that has hydraulic pathways --

Dakle, to je gornji dio noge koji ima hidraulične poveznice --

actuators, filters --

pokretače, filtere --

all embedded, all printed as one piece,

koji su svi ugrađeni, svi isprintani kao jedan dio,

and the whole structure is developed

a cijela struktura napravljena je s obzirom

with a knowledge of what the loads and behavior are going to be,

na očekivane terete i ponašanje,

which is available from data recorded from robots

koje se može predvidjeti pomoću podataka iz robota,

and simulations and things like that.

simulacija i sličnih stvari.

So it's a data-driven hardware design.

Dakle, to je hardver koji se temelji na podacima.

And using processes like that,

Koristeći se tim metodama,

not only the upper leg but some other things,

ne samo kod noge, već i kod drugih stvari,

we've gotten our robots to go from big, behemoth, bulky, slow, bad robots --

naši roboti više nisu veliki, ogromni, nespretni, spori, zli roboti -

that one on the right, weighing almost 400 pounds --

ovaj desni bio je težak skoro 180 kg -

down to the one in the middle which was just in the video,

već su poput ovoga u sredini kojeg smo vidjeli na snimci,

weighs about 190 pounds,

a teži oko 86 kg,

just a little bit more than me,

malo više od mene,

and we have a new one,

a imamo i jednog novog,

which is working but I'm not going to show it to you yet,

koji radi, ali vam ga još neću pokazati,

on the left,

nalazi se lijevo,

which weighs just 165 pounds,

teži samo 75 kg,

with all the same strength and capabilities.

a jednako je snažan i sposoban.

So these things are really getting better very quickly.

Znači, sve ovo se velikom brzinom poboljšava.

So it's time for Spot to come back out,

Vrijeme je da se Spot vrati

and we're going to demonstrate a little bit of mobility,

i pokazat ćemo vam malo te pokretljivosti,

dexterity and perception.

spretnosti i percepcije.

This is Seth Davis, who's my robot wrangler today,

Ovo je Seth Davis, danas će biti moj robotski kauboj,

and he's giving Spot some general direction

daje Spotu neke općenite upute

by steering it around,

tako što ga vodi okolo,

but all the coordination of the legs and the sensors

ali koordinaciju nogu i senzora

is done by the robot's computers on board.

obavlja robotovo računalo.

The robot can walk with a number of different gaits;

Robot može hodati na različite načine;

it's got a gyro,

ima klasični žiroskop

or a solid-state gyro,

ili poluvodički žiroskop,

an IMU on board.

inercijsku mjernu jedinicu.

Obviously, it's got a battery, and things like that.

Naravno, ima bateriju i slične stvari.

One of the cool things about a legged robot is,

Jedna od super stvari kod hodajućeg robota je ta

it's omnidirectional.

što ide u svim smjerovima.

In addition to going forward, it can go sideways,

Osim naprijed, može hodati sa strane i

it can turn in place.

može se okretati na mjestu.

And this robot is a little bit of a show-off.

A ovaj se robot voli praviti važan.

It loves to use its dynamic gaits,

Voli iskorištavati svoj dinamičan hod,

like running --

za, na primjer, trčanje-

(Laughter)

And it's got one more.

(Smijeh)

Zna još jedan trik.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Now if it were really a show-off, it would be hopping on one foot,

No da se stvarno želi praviti važan, skakao bi na jednoj nozi,

but, you know.

ali, znate...

Now, Spot has a set of cameras here, stereo cameras,

Spot ima i nekoliko kamera ovdje, stereo kamera

and we have a feed up in the center.

i imamo sliku ovdje gore.

It's kind of dark out in the audience,

Malo je mračno u publici,

but it's going to use those cameras in order to look at the terrain

no upotrijebit će kamere da pregleda teren

right in front of it,

ispred sebe,

while it goes over these obstacles back here.

dok prelazi preko prepreka ovdje otraga.

For this demo, Seth is steering,

Trenutno Seth upravlja,

but the robot's doing all its own terrain planning.

ali robot sam radi izviđanje terena.

This is a terrain map,

Ovo je karta terena,

where the data from the cameras is being developed in real time,

gdje se podaci iz kamera odmah obrađuju,

showing the red spots, which are where it doesn't want to step,

pokazujući crvene točke, koje označavaju gdje ne želi ići

and the green spots are the good places.

i zelene točke koje pokazuju dobra mjesta.

And here it's treating them like stepping-stones.

Sada se prema njima ponaša kao prema stepenicama.

So it's trying to stay up on the blocks,

Dakle, pokušava ostati na blokovima te

and it adjusts its stride,

prilagođava hod,

and there's a ton of planning

a takav pothvat

that has to go into an operation like that,

zahtijeva jako puno planiranja

and it does all that planning in real time,

koje se odvija u stvarnom vremenu

where it adjusts the steps a little bit longer

i gdje on prilagođava duljinu koraka,

or a little bit shorter.

duži ili kraći.

Now we're going to change it into a different mode,

Sada ćemo ga prebaciti u drugačiji način

where it's just going to treat the blocks like terrain

u kojem će blokove vidjeti kao teren

and decide whether to step up or down

i odlučiti hoće li

as it goes.

se popeti ili sići.

So this is using dynamic balance

Ovo je upotreba ravnoteže

and mobile perception,

i percepcije pokretljivosti

because it has to coordinate what it sees along with how it's moving.

jer mora uskladiti ono što vidi i način na koji će se kretati.

The other thing Spot has is a robot arm.

Druga stvar koju Spot ima je robotska ruka.

Some of you may see that as a head and a neck,

Nekima od vas možda izgleda kao glava i vrat,

but believe me, it's an arm.

ali vjerujte mi, ruka je.

Seth is driving it around.

Seth njome upravlja.

He's actually driving the hand and the body is following.

Zapravo pokreće ruku, a tijelo je slijedi.

So the two are coordinated in the way I was talking about before --

Dakle, tijelo i ruka usklađeni su onako kako sam prije opisao --

in the way people can do that.

isto kao i kod ljudi.

In fact, one of the cool things Spot can do we call, "chicken-head mode,"

Zapravo, jednu super stvar koju Spot može izvesti zovemo "pileća glava",

and it keeps its head in one place in space,

gdje drži glavu na mjestu,

and it moves its body all around.

a tijelo pokreće u svim smjerovima.

There's a variation of this that's called "twerking" --

Jedna varijacija ovoga se zove "twerking" -

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

but we're not going to use that today.

ali nećemo to probati.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So, Spot: I'm feeling a little thirsty. Could you get me a soda?

Spot, malo sam žedan. Možeš mi donijeti sok?

For this demo, Seth is not doing any driving.

Sada Seth uopće ne upravlja.

We have a LIDAR on the back of the robot,

Na stražnjem dijelu robota je optički radar

and it's using these props we've put on the stage

i on koristi rekvizite koje smo stavili na pozornicu

to localize itself.

kako bi se orijentirao.

It's gone over to that location.

Došao je do drugog mjesta.

Now it's using a camera that's in its hand

Sada koristi kameru u ruci

to find the cup,

da pronađe čašu,

picks it up --

uzme je --

and again, Seth's not driving.

ponavljam, Seth ne upravlja.

We've planned out a path for it to go --

Napravili smo mu put kojim treba ići -

it looked like it was going off the path --

činilo se kao da će skrenuti s puta -

and now Seth's going to take over control again,

i sada Seth ponovno preuzima kontrolu

because I'm a little bit chicken about having it do this by itself.

jer se malo bojim da on to sam napravi.

Thank you, Spot.

Hvala ti, Spot.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

So, Spot:

Dakle, Spot:

How do you feel about having just finished your TED performance?

kako se osjećaš na kraju svoje TED predstave?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Me, too!

I ja isto!

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Thank you all,

Hvala svima

and thanks to the team at Boston Dynamics,

i hvala timu iz Boston Dynamicsa

who did all the hard work behind this.

koji su napravili najteži dio posla ovdje.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Helen Walters: Marc, come back in the middle.

Helen Walters: Marc, vrati se u sredinu.

Thank you so much.

Hvala ti lijepa.

Come over here, I have questions.

Dođi ovdje, imam nekoliko pitanja.

So, you mentioned the UPS and the package delivery.

Spomenuo si besprekidno napajanje i dostavu paketa.

What are the other applications that you see for your robots?

Čemu bi još roboti mogli služiti?

Marc Raibert: You know, I think that robots

Marc Raibert: Znate, mislim da će roboti

that have the capabilities I've been talking about

koji mogu raditi onoo čemu sam govorio

are going to be incredibly useful.

biti veoma korisni.

About a year ago, I went to Fukushima

Prije godinu dana posjetio sam Fukushimu

to see what the situation was there,

da vidim kakva je tamo situacija

and there's just a huge need

i tamo su stvarno potrebni

for machines that can go into some of the dirty places

strojevi koji mogu ići na prljava mjesta

and help remediate that.

i pomoći da se to popravi.

I think it won't be too long until we have robots like this in our homes,

Mislim da ćemo vrlo uskoro takve robote imati u svojim domovima

and one of the big needs is to take care of the aging

koji će se moći brinuti o starijima

and invalids.

i invalidima.

I think that it won't be too long till we're using robots

Mislim da ćemo vrlo brzo koristiti robote

to help take care of our parents,

kako bismo pomogli svojim roditeljima ili,

or probably more likely, have our children help take care of us.

što je vjerojatnije, kako bi naša djeca pomogla nama.

And there's a bunch of other things.

Postoji tu još mnogo mogućnosti.

I think the sky's the limit.

Samo nebo je granica.

Many of the ideas we haven't thought of yet,

Mnogo toga se još nismo ni dosjetili,

and people like you will help us think of new applications.

a ljudi poput vas pomoći će nam u tome.

HW: So what about the dark side?

HW: A što je s lošom stranom?

What about the military?

Što je s vojskom?

Are they interested?

Jesu li oni zainteresirani?

MR: Sure, the military has been a big funder of robotics.

MR: Naravno, vojska naveliko financira robotiku.

I don't think the military is the dark side myself,

Mislim da vojna upotreba nije loša strana, ali

but I think, as with all advanced technology,

mislim da se, kao i ostala napredna tehnologija,

it can be used for all kinds of things.

može koristiti na različite načine.

HW: Awesome. Thank you so much.

HW: Odlično. Puno ti hvala.

MR: OK, you're welcome.

MR: Nema na čemu.

Thank you.

Hvala vama.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)