Lifesaving scientific tools made of paper | Manu Prakash

168,528 views ・ 2017-07-24

TED


Mesedez, egin klik bikoitza beheko ingelesezko azpitituluetan bideoa erreproduzitzeko.

Translator: Alex Pérez Reviewer: Nerea García Garmendia
00:12
So, I love making tools and sharing them with people.
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Tresnak egitea eta jendearekin partekatzea gustuko dut.
00:16
I remember as a child,
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Gogoratzen naiz gaztetan,
00:18
my first tool I built was actually a microscope
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nire lehen erreminta mikroskopio bat zela,
00:21
that I built by stealing lenses from my brother's eyeglasses.
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nire anaiari betaurrekoetatik lapurtutako lenteekin egina.
00:26
He wasn't that thrilled.
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Berak ez zuen gustuko.
00:27
But, you know, maybe because of that moment,
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Baina baliteke momentu horren ondorioz,
00:30
30 years later,
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30 urte geroago,
00:31
I'm still making microscopes.
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oraindik mikroskopioak egiten ditut.
00:34
And the reason I built these tools is for moments like this.
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Eta horrelako momentuak izateko sortzen ditut.
00:39
(Video) Girl: I have black things in my hair --
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(Bideoa) Neska: Gauza beltzak ditut ilean.
00:41
Manu Prakash: This is a school in the Bay Area.
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Manu Prakash: Hau Bay Area-ko eskola bat da.
00:44
(Video) MP: The living world far supersedes our imagination
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(Bideoa) MP: Bizi dugun munduak gure irudimena ordezten du,
00:49
of how things actually work.
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gauzen funtzionamenduari dagokionez.
00:51
(Video) Boy: Oh my God!
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(Bideoa) Mutila: Jainkoa!
00:55
MP: Right -- oh my God!
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"Ados... Jainkoa!"
00:58
I hadn't realized this would be such a universal phrase.
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Ez nintzen konturatu hau hain esaldi unibertsala izango zenik.
01:02
Over the last two years,
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Azken bi urteetan, nire laborategian, 50 000 Foldscope egin genituen
01:04
in my lab,
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01:05
we built 50,000 Foldscopes
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01:08
and shipped them to 130 countries in the world,
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eta munduko 130 herrialdetara bidali
01:10
at no cost to the kids we sent them to.
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inolako kosturik gabe bidaltzen genien umeentzat.
01:14
This year alone,
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Urte honetan soilik,
01:15
with the support of our community,
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gure komunitatearen laguntzarekin,
01:17
we are planning to ship a million microscopes
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milioi bat mikroskopio bidaltzeko asmotan gabiltza,
01:19
to kids around the world.
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mundu guztiko umeen artean.
01:21
What does that do?
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Zer egiten du honek?
01:23
It creates an inspiring community of people around the world,
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Jende motibatu eta inspiraturen komunitatea sortzen du,
01:27
learning and teaching each other,
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ikasten eta irakasten beraien artean,
01:28
from Kenya to Kampala to Kathmandu to Kansas.
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Kenya-tik hasi Kampala-ra Kathmandu-ra edo Kansas-era.
01:33
And one of the phenomenal things that I love about this
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Eta honen ezaugarri miresgarria komunitate sentsazioa da.
01:35
is the sense of community.
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01:37
There's a kid in Nicaragua
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Nikaraguan ume bat dago
01:39
teaching others how to identify mosquito species that carry dengue
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besteak irakasten nola identifika dezaketen ea eltxo batek dengea duen
larba mikroskopioan aztertuz.
01:43
by looking at the larva under a microscope.
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01:45
There's a pharmacologist who came up with a new way
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Farmazialari batek bide berri bat sortu zuen
01:48
to detect fake drugs anywhere.
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medicamentu faltsuak detektatzeko edonon.
01:51
There is a girl who wondered:
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Eta neska batek pentsatu zuen:
01:53
"How does glitter actually work?"
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"Nola funtzionatzen du disdirak?",
01:55
and discovered the physics of crystalline formation in glitter.
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eta aztertu zuen formazio kristalinoak distiran.
01:59
There is an Argentinian doctor
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Badago mediku argentinar bat
02:01
who's trying to do field cervical cancer screening with this tool.
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saiatzen ari dena tresna honekin minbizia zerbikala aztertzeko.
02:05
And yours very truly found a species of flea
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Eta hainbat arkakuso mota aurkitu ziren
02:09
that was dug inside my heel in my foot one centimeter deep.
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nire hankako orpoan zegoen zentimetro bateko zuloan.
02:15
Now, you might think of these as anomalies.
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Baliteke zu gauza ezohiko guzti hauen inguruan pentsatzen egotea.
02:19
But there is a method to this madness.
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Baina modu bat dago erotasun honetarako:
02:22
I call this "frugal science" --
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"zientzia urria" deritzot,
02:24
the idea of sharing the experience of science,
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zientziaren esperientzia partekatzearen idea
02:28
and not just the information.
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eta ez informazioa soilik.
02:30
To remind you:
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Gogoratzearren:
02:32
there are a billion people on this planet
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bilioi bat pertsona daude planeta honetan ez dutenak inolako azpiegiturarik:
02:34
who live with absolutely no infrastructure:
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02:36
no roads,
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errepiderik ez,
02:38
no electricity
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elektrizitaterik ez,
02:39
and thus, no health care.
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ezta zerbitzu medikurik ez.
02:42
Also, there a billion kids on this planet that live in poverty.
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Gainera, planeta honetako bilioi bat humeek pobrezian bizi dira.
02:47
How are we supposed to inspire them
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Baina nola inspiratuko ditugu hurrengo gizaldiko irtenbide egileak?
02:49
for the next generation of solution makers?
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02:52
There are health care workers that we put on the line
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Osasun zerbitzuko zenbait langile lanean jartzen ditugu
02:54
to fight infectious diseases,
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gaixotasun infekziosoen aurka,
02:56
to protect us with absolutely bare-minimum tools and resources.
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gu babesteko, ia inolako tresna edo baliabideekin.
03:02
So as a lab at Stanford,
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Laborategi langiletzat Stanford-en,
03:04
I think of this from a context of frugal science
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honi buruz pentsatu nuen zientzia urriko testuinguru batetik
03:07
and building solutions for these communities.
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irtenbideak aurkitzeko komunitate horientzat.
03:10
Often we think about being able to do diagnosis under a tree, off-grid.
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Maiz, diagnosiak elektrizitate gabe egiteko gai izango garela uste dugu.
03:15
I'll tell you two examples today of new tools.
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Bi tresna berrien adibideak azalduko dizkizuet:
03:18
One of them starts in Uganda.
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bietako bat Ugandan du hasiera.
03:20
In 2013,
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2013an,
03:22
on a field trip to detect schistosomiasis with Foldscopes,
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Foldscopes-en bitartez Schistosomiasis-a detektatzeko landa azterketa batean,
03:26
I made a minor observation.
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behaketa txiki bat egin nuen.
03:28
In a clinic,
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Klinika batean, urrun, urrutiko leku batean,
03:30
in a far, remote area,
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03:31
I saw a centrifuge being used as a doorstop.
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ikusi nuen zentrifugatzaile bat atearen topetzat erabiliz.
03:36
I mean -- quite literally, the doorstop.
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Literalki, ate topea.
03:38
And I asked them and they said,
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Galdetu egin nien eta esan zidaten:
03:40
"Oh, we don't actually have electricity,
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"Oh, egia esan ez dugu elektrizitaterik,
03:42
so this piece of junk is good as a doorstop."
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hortaz zabor zati hau erabili dezakegu ate tope bezala".
03:46
Centrifuges, for some of you who don't know,
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Zentrifugatzaileak zer diren ez dakizuenentzat,
03:49
are the pinnacle tool to be able to do sample processing.
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tresna egokienak dira prozesu sinpleetarako.
03:52
You separate components of blood or body fluids
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Odola edo gorputz fluidoak bere osagaietan bana dezakezu
03:55
to be able to detect and identify pathogens.
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patogenoak dekektatu eta identifikatu ahal izateko.
03:58
But centrifuges are bulky, expensive --
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Baina zentrifugatzaileak handiak eta garestiak dira,
04:01
cost around 1,000 dollars --
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gutxi gora behera $1000 balio dute,
04:03
and really hard to carry out in the field.
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eta oso zailak landa eremuetan erabiltzeko.
04:05
And of course,
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Eta, noski, ez dabil elektrizitate gabe.
04:06
they don't work without power.
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04:07
Sound familiar?
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Ezaguna egiten zaizue?
04:09
So we started thinking about solving this problem,
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Hortaz, arazoaren konponbidea pentsatzen hasi ginen,
04:11
and I came back --
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jostailutaz pentsatzen hasi nintzen.
04:13
kept thinking about toys.
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04:15
Now ...
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Orain...
04:17
I have a few with me here.
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zenbait dauzkat nirekin hemen.
04:19
I first started with yo-yos ...
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Lehenik yo-yo-ekin hasi nintzen,
04:21
and I'm a terrible yo-yo thrower.
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baina oso txarra naiz yo-yo-ekin.
04:24
Because these objects spin,
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Objektu hauek biratzen dutenez,
04:26
we wondered,
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pentsatu genuen ea erabil genezakeen objetu hauen fisika
04:27
could we actually use the physics of these objects
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zentrifugatzaileak eraikitzeko.
04:30
to be able to build centrifuges?
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04:33
This was possibly the worst throw I could make.
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Baliteke hau izatea egin nezakeedan tiro txarrena.
04:36
But you might start realizing,
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Baina baliteke konturatu izana,
04:37
if you start exploring the space of toys --
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jostailuen tokia aztertzen hasten bazara,
04:40
we tried these spinning tops,
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gauza biratzaile hauek frogatu genituen,
04:43
and then in the lab,
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eta gero laborategian ustekabean sorpresa hau lortu genuen.
04:45
we stumbled upon this wonder.
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04:47
It's the whirligig, or a buzzer, or a rundle.
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Ziba, txirrin edo zibota bat da.
04:51
A couple of strings and a little disk,
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Pare bat soka eta disko txiki bat,
04:53
and if I push, it spins.
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bultzatzen baduzu, bira egiten du.
04:56
How many of you have played with this as a kid?
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Zuetako zenbaitek jolastu duzue honekin gaztetan?
04:58
This is called a button-on-a-string.
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Hau botoi bat soka batean deitua da.
05:00
OK, maybe 50 percent of you.
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Ados, baliteke zuetako % 50ak.
05:02
What you didn't realize --
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Zuek ez zinenten ohartu objektu txiki hau
05:03
that this little object
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05:05
is the oldest toy in the history of mankind ...
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gizadiaren historiaren jostailu zaharrena dela...
05:10
5,000 years ago.
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Duela 5 000 urte objektu honen erlikiak aurkitu dira
05:12
We have found relics of this object hidden around on our planet.
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ezkutuan planeta osoan zehar.
05:16
Now the irony is,
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Orain ironia da,
05:18
we actually don't understand how this little thing works.
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ez dugula ulertzen ea nola lan egiten duten gauza txiki hauek.
05:22
That's when I get excited.
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Orduan urduritzen naiz.
05:24
So we got back to work,
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Orduan, lanera itzuli ginen,
05:26
wrote down a couple of equations.
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pare bat ekuazio idatzi genituen.
05:28
If you take the input torque that you put in,
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Hasieran jartzen duzun bira hartzen baduzu,
05:32
you take the drag on this disc,
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diskak duen marruskadura,
05:34
and the twist drag on these strings,
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eta bira marruskadura soketan,
05:36
you should be able to mathematically solve this.
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matematikoki hau ebazteko gai izan beharko zinake.
05:38
This is not the only equation in my talk.
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Hau ez da nire hitzaldiko ekuazio bakarra.
05:41
Ten pages of math later,
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Matematikako hamar orrialde geroago,
05:43
we could actually write down the complete analytical solution
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erantzun analitiko osoa idazteko gai ginen sistema dinamiko honetan.
05:46
for this dynamic system.
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05:48
And out comes what we call "Paperfuge."
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Orduan lortu genuen "Paperfuge" deitzen duguna.
05:51
That's my postdoc Saad Bhamla,
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Hori Saad Bhamla da nire doktoretza ikaslea,
05:54
who's the co-inventor of Paperfuge.
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eta "Paperfuge"-ren ko-asmatzaile.
05:56
And to the left, you see all the centrifuges
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Ezkerraldean, idatzen ari garen zentrifugatzaile horiek ikusi dezakezue.
05:58
that we're trying to replace.
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05:59
This little object that you see right here
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Eskuinean ikusten duzuen gauza txiki hori
06:04
is a disc, a couple of strings and a handle.
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disko bat, bi soka eta helduleku bat dira.
06:08
And when I spin
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Eta biratzen dudanean,
06:09
and I push,
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eta bultzatu, biraka hasten da.
06:10
it starts to spin.
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Orain, konturatzen zarenean,
06:12
Now, when you realize,
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06:14
when you do the math,
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Matematikak egitean,
06:17
when we calculate the rpm for this object,
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objektuaren abiadura kalkulatzean,
06:19
mathematically, we should be able to go all the way to a million rpm.
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matematikoki, milioi bat bira minutuko mugitzeko gai izango ginen.
06:24
Now, there is a little twist in human anatomy,
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Orain, nahaste bat dago giza anatomian,
06:26
because the resonant frequency of this object is about 10 hertz,
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objetu honen resonantzia frekuentzia 10 Hz-koa delako,
06:29
and if you've ever played the piano,
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eta noizbait pianoa jo baldin baduzu,
06:31
you can't go higher than two or three hertz.
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ezin dezakezu 2 edo 3 Hz baino gehiago lortu.
06:33
The maximum speed we've been able to achieve with this object
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Objektu honekin lortu dugun abiadura handiena
06:37
is not 10,000 rpm,
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ez dira 10 000 bira minutuko,
06:39
not 50,000 rpm --
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ezta 50 000 bira minutuko:
06:40
120,000 rpm.
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120 000 bira minutuko esaterako,
06:42
That's equal to 30,000 g-forces.
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30 000 g-indarren berdina dena.
06:45
If I was to stick you right here and have it spin,
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Zu bertan itsatsiko bazina eta birak eman,
06:48
you would think about the types of forces you would experience.
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biziko zenituen indar motei buruz pentsako zenuen.
06:52
One of the factors of a tool like this
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Horrelako tresna baten faktoreetako bat
06:54
is to be able to do diagnosis with this.
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berarekin diagnosiak egiteko gai izatea da.
06:57
So, I'm going to do a quick demo here, where --
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Hemen, erakustaldi azkar bat egingo dizuet.
07:02
this is a moment where I'm going to make a little finger prick,
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Orain hatzan ziztada bat egingo dut,
07:05
and a tiny drop of blood is going to come out.
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eta odol tanta bat irtengo da.
07:08
If you don't like blood, you don't have to look at it.
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Ez baduzue odola gustuko, ez duzue zertan begiratu.
07:10
Here is a little lancet.
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Hemen dago lantzeta bat.
07:12
These lancets are available everywhere,
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Lantzeta hauek edonon lor daitezke, guztiz pasibo.
07:14
completely passive.
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07:15
And if I've had breakfast today ...
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Eta gaur gosaldu izan banu...
07:21
That didn't hurt at all.
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ez zuen inolako minik egingo.
07:23
OK, I take a little capillary with a drop of blood --
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Kapilar txiki bat hartzen dut odol erorketarekin.
07:27
now this drop of blood has answers,
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Orain odol tanta honek erantzunak ditu, eta horrek interesatzen nau.
07:29
that's why I'm interested in it.
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07:31
It might actually tell me whether I have malaria right now or not.
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Orain malaria dudan edo ez esan lekidake.
07:35
I take a little capillary,
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Kapilar txiki bat hartzen dut,
07:37
and you see it starts wicking in.
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eta ikusiko duzue:
07:39
I'm going to draw a little more blood.
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odol pixka bat gehiago jarriko dut.
07:44
And that's good enough for right now.
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Eta nahikoa odol izango da oraingoz.
07:47
Now, I just seal this capillary by putting it in clay.
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Orain, kapilar hau isten dut.
07:55
And now that's sealed the sample.
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Eta hau da itxitako lagina.
07:57
We're going to take the sample,
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Lagina hartuko dugu,
07:59
mount it on Paperfuge.
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eta Paperfuge-an jarriko dugu,
08:08
A little piece of tape to make a sealed cavity.
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zinta zati bat hutsune itxi bat egiteko.
08:12
So now the sample is completely enclosed.
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Orduan, orain lagina guztiz itxita dago.
08:18
And we are ready for a spin.
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Eta birak emateko prest dago.
08:22
I'm pushing and pulling with this object.
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Bultza eta tiraka ari naiz objektu honekin.
08:24
I'm going to load this up ...
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Hau beteko dut...
08:28
And you see the object starts spinning.
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eta ikusiko duzue objektua biraka hasten dela.
08:30
Unlike a regular centrifuge,
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Ohiko zentrifugatzaile bat ez bezala, alderantzizko zentrifugatzaile bat.
08:32
this is a counter-rotating centrifuge.
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08:36
It goes back and forth, back and forth ...
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Aurrera eta atzera doa, aurrera eta atzera...
08:39
And now I'm charging it up,
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Orain kargatzen ari naiz,
08:41
and you see it builds momentum.
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ikusten duzue momentua handitzen dela.
08:44
And now -- I don't know if you can hear this --
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Eta orain, ez dakit hau entzun dezakezuen,
08:46
30 seconds of this,
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horrelako 30 segundu,
08:48
and I should be able to separate all the blood cells with the plasma.
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eta odol zelulak eta plasma banatzeko gai izan beharko nintzateke,
08:53
And the ratio of those blood cells to plasma --
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eta odol zelulen eta plasmaren arteko ratioa.
08:56
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
09:00
Already, if you see right here,
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Dagoeneko, hona begiratzen baduzue,
09:04
if you focus on this,
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eta arreta jartzen baduzue,
09:05
you should be able to see a separated volume
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banandutako odol eta plasma bolumenak
ikus zenitzakete,
09:09
of blood and plasma.
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09:10
And the ratio of that actually tells me whether I might be anemic.
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eta ratio honek esaten dit baliteke anemiko egotea.
09:14
One of the aspects of this is, we build many types of Paperfuges.
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Honen aspektuetako bat da, Paperfuge mota desberdin asko sortu genituen.
09:18
This one allows us to identify malaria parasites
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Honek malariaren parasituak identifika ditzake
09:23
by running them for a little longer,
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pixkat gehiagoz biratuz,
09:25
and we can identify malaria parasites that are in the blood
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eta odolean dauden malariaren parasituak identifika ditzazkegu
09:28
that we can separate out and detect with something like a centrifuge.
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banatu ditzazkegunak zentrifugatzaile antzeko batekin.
09:32
Another version of this allows me to separate nucleic acids
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Honen beste bertsio batek azido nukleikoak banatzea uzten dit,
09:37
to be able to do nucleic acid tests out in the field itself.
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azido nukleikoen testak egin ahal izateko kanpoan bertan.
09:41
Here is another version that allows me to separate bulk samples,
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Hemen da beste bertsio bat, zuntz laginak banatzen uzten nauena,
09:45
and then, finally,
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eta azkenik, lan egiten egon garen zerbait berria
09:47
something new that we've been working on
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09:49
to be able to implement the entire multiplex test on an object like this.
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test guzti hauek horrelako objektu batean elkartu ahal izateko.
09:54
So where you do the sample preparation and the chemistry in the same object.
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Hortaz, lagin prestaketa eta kimika objektu berean egin daitekeenean.
09:59
Now ...
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Hau guztia zoragarria da,
10:00
this is all good,
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10:01
but when you start thinking about this,
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baina honetaz pentsatzen hasi ginenean,
10:03
you have to share these tools with people.
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tresnak jendearekin partekatu behar dituzu.
10:06
And one of the things we did is -- we just got back from Madagascar;
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Eta egin genuen gauzetako bat zen -- Madagaskar-tik itzuli berri geuden;
10:09
this is what clinical trials for malaria look like --
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horrelakoak dira malariaren saio klinikoak --
10:12
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
10:13
You can do this while having coffee.
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Kafea hartzen zauden bitartean egin dezakezu.
10:15
But most importantly,
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Baina garrantzitsuena dena,
10:17
this is a village six hours from any road.
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herri hau edozein errepidetatik bost ordutara dago.
10:21
We are in a room with one of the senior members of the community
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Gela batean gaude komunitateko nagusi batekin
10:26
and a health care worker.
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eta osasun langile batekin.
10:27
It really is this portion of the work that excites me the most --
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Benetan hau da lanaren gehien gustatzen zaidan zatia:
10:31
that smile,
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irri egiten dutela,
10:32
to be able to share simple but powerful tools with people around the world.
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gauza sinple baina indartsuak partekatzeko mundu osoko jendearen artean.
10:37
Now, I forgot to tell you this,
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Orain, ahaztu egin zait hau zuei esatea,
10:39
that all of that cost me 20 cents to make.
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guzti horrek 20 zentimo kostatu zait.
10:43
OK, in the negative time I have left,
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Ados, utzi geratzen zaidan denboran,
10:46
I'll tell you about the most recent --
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Berriki gertatutakoaz hitz egingo dizuet,
10:48
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
10:49
invention from our lab.
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gure laborategian egindako asmakizuna.
10:51
It's called Abuzz --
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Abuzz du izena.
10:53
the idea that all of you could help us fight mosquitoes;
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Ideia honekin zuek guztiek lagun diezagukezue eltxoei aurre egiten;
10:57
you could all help us track our enemies.
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gure arerioak kontrolatzen lagun diezagukezue.
10:59
These are enemies because they cause malaria, Zika, chikungunya, dengue.
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Hauek etsaiak dira malaria, zika, chikungunya eta dengea sortzen dutelako.
11:03
But the challenge is that we actually don't know where our enemies are.
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Baina benetako erronka da ez dakigula non dauden gure etsaiak.
11:08
The world map for where mosquitoes are is missing.
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Eltxoen lokalekua adierazten duen mundu mapa ez dago.
Hortaz pentsatzen hasi ginen.
11:12
So we started thinking about this.
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11:13
There are 3,500 species of mosquitoes,
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3 500 eltxo klase desberdin daude, eta oso antzekoak dira.
11:15
and they're all very similar.
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11:17
Some of them are so identical
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Batzuk hain antzekoak dira
11:18
that even an entomologist cannot identify them under a microscope.
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entomologo batek ez dela identifikatzeko gai
mikroskopioaren laguntzaz.
11:22
But they have an Achilles' heel.
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Baina ahulgune bat dute.
11:24
This is what mosquitoes flirting with each other looks like.
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Eltxoak larrukeritan daudenean hau dirudite.
11:27
That's a male chasing a female.
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Hemen arra emearen atzetik dabil.
11:30
They're actually talking to each other with their wingbeat frequencies.
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Izatez, hitz egiten ari dira hegoen mugimenduaren frekuentziarekin,
11:34
(Buzzing sound)
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(Burrunba)
11:35
And thus, they have a signature.
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eta horrela markak uzten dituzte.
11:38
We realized that using a regular phone,
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Konturatu ginen ohiko mugikor bat erabiliz,
11:41
a $5-10 flip phone --
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5 - 10 dolarreko telefonoa...
11:44
how many remember what this object is?
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zenbatek gogoratzen duzue zer den hau?
11:46
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
11:47
We can record these acoustic signatures from mosquitoes.
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Eltxoen marka akustikoak grabatu ditzazkegu.
11:51
I'll tell you exactly how to do this.
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Azalduko dizuet nola egin zehatz mehatz.
11:53
I caught some mosquitoes outside.
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Zenbait eltxo harrapatu ditut.
11:55
Unlike Bill [Gates], I'm not going to release them.
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Bill [Gates] ez bezala, ez ditut askatuko.
11:57
(Laughter)
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11:58
But I will tell you how to record from this.
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(Barreak)
Baina nola grabatu azalduko dizuet.
12:01
All you do is tap them and they fly.
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Egin behar den guztia grabatu eta gero askatzea da.
12:04
You can first test --
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Lehenik saiatu zaitezke...
12:05
I can actually hear that.
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esaterako entzun dezaket.
12:07
And you bring your phone, which has microphones --
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Eta zure telefonoa ekar dezakezu, mikrofonoa duena.
12:09
it turns out the mics are so damn good already,
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Argi uzten du mikrofonoak oso onak direla, baita mugikor arruntetan,
12:12
even on regular phones,
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12:13
that you can pick up this near-field signature.
262
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eta graba dezakezu gertuko markaren bat.
12:15
And since I'm out of time,
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Eta denboraz kanpo nagoenetik,
12:17
let me just play the recording that I made a day ago.
264
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atzo egindako grabaketa jarriko dut.
12:21
(Mosquitoes buzz)
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(Eltxoen burrunba)
12:24
This is all the charming sound that you heard before
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Lehen entzun duzuen zarata erakargarri hori da guztiok maite duzuena.
12:27
that you all love.
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12:30
One of the contexts of this
268
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1421
Kontextu honetan,
12:32
is that being able to do this with a regular cell phone
269
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adierazgarria da hau mugikor arrunt batekin egin daitekeela,
12:35
allows us to map mosquito species.
270
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eltxoen klaseen mapa bat egitea ahalbidetzen duena.
12:39
Using a flip phone,
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Ireki daitekeen mugikor bat erabiliz
12:41
we mapped one of the largest acoustic databases
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datu-base akustiko handiena egitea lortu dugu,
12:44
with 25 to 20 species of mosquitoes that carry human pathogens.
273
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giza patogenoak garraiatzen dituzten 20 - 25 eltxo motekin.
12:49
And from this and machine learning,
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Honekin eta makineria ulertuz,
12:51
anybody who uploads this data,
275
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informazioa edonork igo dezake,
12:52
we can identify and tell the probability
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1988
eta guk identifika ditzakegu erabili dituzuen eltxoak,
12:54
of what species of mosquitoes you're actually working with.
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probabilitatea zehaztuz.
12:57
We call this Abuzz, and if any of you want to sign up,
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Hau Abuzz deitzen dugu, eta norbaitek izena eman nahi badu,
13:00
just go to the website.
279
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soilik sartu web-orrian.
13:02
Let me close with something
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Utz nazazue zerbaitekin amaitzen,
13:04
that's very important and dear to my heart.
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oso garrantzitsua dena eta oso maitea niretzat.
13:07
One of the challenges of today is we have terrible problems.
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Ditugun arazoak gaur egungo erronketako bat da.
13:11
We have a billion people with absolutely no health care,
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Bilioi pertsona daude munduan osasun zerbitzurik gabe,
13:14
climate change, biodiversity loss,
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klima-aldaketa, biodibertsitate galera, eta abar.
13:16
on and on and on.
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13:18
And we hope that science is going to provide the answer.
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Eta espero dugu zientziak erantzuna izatea.
13:21
But before you leave this theatre today,
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Baina antzerki hau uzten duzuen aurretik,
13:23
I want you to promise one thing.
288
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zerbait prometatu behar duzue.
13:25
We're going to make science accessible --
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Zientzia eskugai egingo dugu,
13:28
not just to the people who can afford it,
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ez soilik ordaidu dezaketenentzat,
ezin dutenen bilioi horrentzat.
13:31
but a billion others who can't.
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13:33
Let's make science and scientific literacy a human right.
292
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Egin dezagun zientzia eta zientziar jakinduria giza eskubide.
13:39
The moment that you pass the tingling feeling of making a discovery
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Igarotzen duzun kili-kilia aurkikuntza bat egitean
beste haur bati pasatzen diozunean,
13:44
to another child,
294
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1511
13:46
you're enabling them to be the next group of people
295
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ahalbidetzen ari zara
hurrengo jende taldeak dituen arazoak konpontzea.
13:50
who will actually solve these problems.
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13:52
Thank you.
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Eskerrik asko.
13:53
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
Webgune honi buruz

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