Sarah Lewis: Embrace the near win

296,049 views ・ 2014-04-21

TED


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I feel so fortunate that my first job
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was working at the Museum of Modern Art
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on a retrospective of painter Elizabeth Murray.
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I learned so much from her.
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After the curator Robert Storr
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selected all the paintings
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from her lifetime body of work,
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I loved looking at the paintings from the 1970s.
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There were some motifs and elements
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that would come up again later in her life.
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I remember asking her
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what she thought of those early works.
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If you didn't know they were hers,
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you might not have been able to guess.
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She told me that a few didn't quite meet
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her own mark for what she wanted them to be.
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One of the works, in fact,
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so didn't meet her mark,
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she had set it out in the trash in her studio,
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and her neighbor had taken it
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because she saw its value.
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In that moment, my view of success
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and creativity changed.
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I realized that success is a moment,
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but what we're always celebrating
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is creativity and mastery.
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But this is the thing: What gets us to convert success
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into mastery?
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This is a question I've long asked myself.
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I think it comes when we start to value
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the gift of a near win.
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I started to understand this when I went
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on one cold May day
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to watch a set of varsity archers,
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all women as fate would have it,
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at the northern tip of Manhattan
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at Columbia's Baker Athletics Complex.
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I wanted to see what's called archer's paradox,
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the idea that in order to actually hit your target,
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you have to aim at something slightly skew from it.
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I stood and watched as the coach
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drove up these women in this gray van,
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and they exited with this kind of relaxed focus.
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One held a half-eaten ice cream cone in one hand
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and arrows in the left with yellow fletching.
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And they passed me and smiled,
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but they sized me up as they
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made their way to the turf,
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and spoke to each other not with words
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but with numbers, degrees, I thought,
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positions for how they might plan
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to hit their target.
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I stood behind one archer as her coach
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stood in between us to maybe assess
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who might need support, and watched her,
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and I didn't understand how even one
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was going to hit the ten ring.
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The ten ring from the standard 75-yard distance,
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it looks as small as a matchstick tip
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held out at arm's length.
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And this is while holding 50 pounds of draw weight
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on each shot.
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She first hit a seven, I remember, and then a nine,
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and then two tens,
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and then the next arrow
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didn't even hit the target.
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And I saw that gave her more tenacity,
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and she went after it again and again.
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For three hours this went on.
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At the end of the practice, one of the archers
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was so taxed that she lied out on the ground
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just star-fished,
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her head looking up at the sky,
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trying to find what T.S. Eliot might call
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that still point of the turning world.
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It's so rare in American culture,
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there's so little that's vocational about it anymore,
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to look at what doggedness looks like
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with this level of exactitude,
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what it means to align your body posture
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for three hours in order to hit a target,
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pursuing a kind of excellence in obscurity.
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But I stayed because I realized I was witnessing
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what's so rare to glimpse,
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that difference between success and mastery.
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So success is hitting that ten ring,
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but mastery is knowing that it means nothing
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if you can't do it again and again.
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Mastery is not just the same as excellence, though.
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It's not the same as success,
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which I see as an event,
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a moment in time,
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and a label that the world confers upon you.
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Mastery is not a commitment to a goal
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but to a constant pursuit.
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What gets us to do this,
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what get us to forward thrust more
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is to value the near win.
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How many times have we designated something
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a classic, a masterpiece even,
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while its creator considers it hopelessly unfinished,
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riddled with difficulties and flaws,
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in other words, a near win?
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Elizabeth Murray surprised me
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with her admission about her earlier paintings.
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Painter Paul Cézanne so often thought his works were incomplete
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that he would deliberately leave them aside
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with the intention of picking them back up again,
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but at the end of his life,
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the result was that he had only signed
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10 percent of his paintings.
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His favorite novel was "The [Unknown] Masterpiece" by Honoré de Balzac,
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and he felt the protagonist was the painter himself.
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Franz Kafka saw incompletion
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when others would find only works to praise,
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so much so that he wanted all of his diaries,
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manuscripts, letters and even sketches
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burned upon his death.
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His friend refused to honor the request,
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and because of that, we now have all the works
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we now do by Kafka:
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"America," "The Trial" and "The Castle,"
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a work so incomplete it even stops mid-sentence.
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The pursuit of mastery, in other words,
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is an ever-onward almost.
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"Lord, grant that I desire
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more than I can accomplish,"
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Michelangelo implored,
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as if to that Old Testament God on the Sistine Chapel,
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and he himself was that Adam
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with his finger outstretched
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and not quite touching that God's hand.
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Mastery is in the reaching, not the arriving.
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It's in constantly wanting to close that gap
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between where you are and where you want to be.
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Mastery is about sacrificing for your craft
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and not for the sake of crafting your career.
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How many inventors and untold entrepreneurs
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live out this phenomenon?
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We see it even in the life
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of the indomitable Arctic explorer Ben Saunders,
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who tells me that his triumphs
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are not merely the result
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of a grand achievement,
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but of the propulsion of a lineage of near wins.
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We thrive when we stay at our own leading edge.
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It's a wisdom understood by Duke Ellington,
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who said that his favorite song out of his repertoire
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was always the next one,
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always the one he had yet to compose.
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Part of the reason that the near win
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is inbuilt to mastery
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is because the greater our proficiency,
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the more clearly we might see
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that we don't know all that we thought we did.
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It's called the Dunning–Kruger effect.
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The Paris Review got it out of James Baldwin
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when they asked him,
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"What do you think increases with knowledge?"
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and he said, "You learn how little you know."
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Success motivates us, but a near win
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can propel us in an ongoing quest.
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One of the most vivid examples of this comes
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when we look at the difference
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between Olympic silver medalists
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and bronze medalists after a competition.
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Thomas Gilovich and his team from Cornell
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studied this difference and found
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that the frustration silver medalists feel
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compared to bronze, who are typically a bit
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more happy to have just not received fourth place
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and not medaled at all,
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gives silver medalists a focus
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on follow-up competition.
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We see it even in the gambling industry
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that once picked up on this phenomenon
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of the near win
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and created these scratch-off tickets
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that had a higher than average rate of near wins
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and so compelled people to buy more tickets
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that they were called heart-stoppers,
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and were set on a gambling industry set of abuses
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in Britain in the 1970s.
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The reason the near win has a propulsion
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is because it changes our view of the landscape
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and puts our goals, which we tend to put
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at a distance, into more proximate vicinity
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to where we stand.
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If I ask you to envision what a great day looks like next week,
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you might describe it in more general terms.
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But if I ask you to describe a great day at TED tomorrow,
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you might describe it with granular, practical clarity.
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And this is what a near win does.
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It gets us to focus on what, right now,
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we plan to do to address that mountain in our sights.
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It's Jackie Joyner-Kersee, who in 1984
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missed taking the gold in the heptathlon
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by one third of a second,
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and her husband predicted that would give her
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the tenacity she needed in follow-up competition.
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In 1988, she won the gold in the heptathlon
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and set a record of 7,291 points,
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a score that no athlete has come very close to since.
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We thrive not when we've done it all,
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but when we still have more to do.
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I stand here thinking and wondering
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about all the different ways
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that we might even manufacture a near win
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in this room,
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how your lives might play this out,
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because I think on some gut level we do know this.
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We know that we thrive when we stay
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at our own leading edge,
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and it's why the deliberate incomplete
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is inbuilt into creation myths.
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In Navajo culture, some craftsmen and women
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would deliberately put an imperfection
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in textiles and ceramics.
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It's what's called a spirit line,
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a deliberate flaw in the pattern
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to give the weaver or maker a way out,
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but also a reason to continue making work.
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Masters are not experts because they take
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a subject to its conceptual end.
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They're masters because they realize
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that there isn't one.
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Now it occurred to me, as I thought about this,
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why the archery coach
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told me at the end of that practice,
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out of earshot of his archers,
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that he and his colleagues never feel
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they can do enough for their team,
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never feel there are enough visualization techniques
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and posture drills to help them overcome
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those constant near wins.
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It didn't sound like a complaint, exactly,
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but just a way to let me know,
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a kind of tender admission,
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to remind me that he knew he was giving himself over
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to a voracious, unfinished path
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that always required more.
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We build out of the unfinished idea,
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even if that idea is our former self.
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This is the dynamic of mastery.
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Coming close to what you thought you wanted
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can help you attain more than you ever dreamed
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you could.
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It's what I have to imagine Elizabeth Murray
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was thinking when I saw her smiling
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at those early paintings one day
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in the galleries.
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Even if we created utopias, I believe
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we would still have the incomplete.
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Completion is a goal,
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but we hope it is never the end.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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