How the pandemic will shape the near future | Bill Gates

1,850,475 views ใƒป 2020-07-06

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

00:00
Chris Anderson: Welcome, Bill Gates.
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ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: mohamed Al-Dose ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Maram Turkya
ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู†: ู…ุฑุญุจู‹ุงุŒ ุจูŠู„ ุบูŠุชุณ.
00:02
Bill Gates: Thank you.
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ุจูŠู„ ุบูŠุชุณ: ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒ.
00:04
CA: Alright. It's great to have you here, Bill.
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ูŠุณุฑู†ูŠ ุงุณุชุถุงูุชูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุง ุจูŠู„.
00:06
You know, we had a TED conversation about three months ago
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ TED ู…ู†ุฐ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุจุงุกุŒ
00:09
about this pandemic,
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00:10
and back then, I think fewer than -- I think that was the end of March --
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ูˆูˆู‚ุชู‡ุงุŒ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุขุฐุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุฃุธู†...
ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏ ุชูˆูู‘ูŠ ู‚ุฑุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู€1000 ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
00:14
back then, fewer than 1,000 people in the US had died
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00:16
and fewer than 20,000 worldwide.
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ูˆู‚ุฑุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู€20,000 ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
00:19
I mean, the numbers now are, like, 128,000 dead in the US
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูˆุตู„ุช ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุขู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 128,000 ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆูุงุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
00:24
and more than half a million worldwide,
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ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุตู ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆูุงุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
00:27
in three months.
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ุฎู„ุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ.
00:28
In three months.
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ุฎู„ุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ.
00:30
What is your diagnosis of what is possible for the rest of this year?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุชูˆู‚ุน -ุญุณุจ ุชุดุฎูŠุตูƒ ู„ู„ุญุงู„ุฉ- ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉุŸ
00:34
You look at a lot of models.
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ูƒูˆู†ูƒ ุชุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‘ู…ุงุฐุฌ.
00:37
What do you think best- and worst-case scenarios might be?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุฃูŠูƒ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ูˆุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุญุฏุซุŸ
00:43
BG: Well, the range of scenarios, sadly, is quite large,
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ุจูŠู„: ูŠุคุณูู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุชุชูุงู‚ู…ุŒ
00:46
including that, as we get into the fall,
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ุญูŠุซ ุฅู† ุฏุฎูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠ ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠูุŒ
00:51
we could have death rates that rival the worst of what we had
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุฌุนู„ ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ูˆููŠู‘ุงุช ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡
00:56
in the April time period.
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ููŠ ุดู‡ุฑ ุฃุจุฑูŠู„.
00:58
If you get a lot of young people infected,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ู…ุตุงุจูŠู†ุŒ
01:00
eventually, they will infect old people again,
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ูุฅู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŒ ุณูŠู†ู‚ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ู…ุฑุฉู‹ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
01:03
and so you'll get into the nursing homes,
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุณูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏูˆุฑ ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู†ูŠู†ุŒ
01:06
the homeless shelters,
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ูˆู…ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑุฏูŠู†ุŒ
01:08
the places where we've had a lot of our deaths.
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ุดู‡ุฏู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆููŠุงุช.
01:11
The innovation track, which probably we'll touch on --
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ู…ุณุงุฑ ุงู„ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุบู„ุจ...
01:15
diagnostics, therapeutics, vaccines --
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ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุตุงุช ูˆุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ูˆุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ..
01:17
there's good progress there,
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ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุชู‚ุฏู… ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุŒ
01:20
but nothing that would fundamentally alter the fact
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ุณูŠุบูŠู‘ุฑ ู…ู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
01:24
that this fall in the United States could be quite bad,
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ูƒูˆู† ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠู ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุจุดุฑ ุจุงู„ุฎูŠุฑุŒ
01:28
and that's worse than I would have expected a month ago,
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ุจู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุณูˆุฃ ู…ู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุชูˆู‚ุนุชู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุดู‡ุฑุŒ
01:32
the degree to which we're back at high mobility,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนุฏู†ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ
01:35
not wearing masks,
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ูˆุนุฏู… ุงุฑุชุฏุงุก ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู…ุงุชุŒ
01:37
and now the virus actually has gotten into a lot of cities
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ู‚ุฏ ุชูุดู‰ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู†
01:42
that it hadn't been in before in a significant way,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู…ู†ุชุดุฑู‹ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ู ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ
01:47
so it's going to be a challenge.
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุญุฏู‘ู ูƒุจูŠุฑ.
01:50
There's no case where we get much below the current death rate,
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ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุญูŠุซ ู†ุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุฃู‚ู„ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุŒ
01:54
which is about 500 deaths a day,
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุจู„ุบ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 500 ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆูุงุฉ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู‹ุงุŒ
01:57
but there's a significant risk we'd go back up
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุฎุทุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃู† ูŠุฑุชูุน ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„
02:01
to the even 2,000 a day that we had before,
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ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ูˆู‡ูˆ 2,000 ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆูุงุฉ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู‹ุงุŒ
02:06
because we don't have the distancing,
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ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนูˆุฏ ู„ุนุฏู… ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุงู„ุชุจุงุนุฏุŒ
02:09
the behavior change,
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ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณู„ูˆูƒุŒ
02:11
to the degree that we had in April and May.
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ู„ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุดู‡ุฑ ุฃุจุฑูŠู„ ูˆู…ุงูŠูˆ.
02:15
And we know this virus is somewhat seasonal,
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู…ูˆุณู…ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ู…ุงุŒ
02:19
so that the force of infection,
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰
02:21
both through temperature, humidity, more time indoors,
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-ุนุจุฑ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ูˆ ุฅู…ุถุงุก ูˆู‚ุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„-
02:25
will be worse as we get into the fall.
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ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุฏุฎูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠ ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠู.
02:28
CA: So there are scenarios where in the US,
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ุฅุฐู‹ุง ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุณูŠู†ุงุฑูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ
02:30
like, if you extrapolate those numbers forward,
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-ููŠ ุญุงู„ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู…-
02:32
we end up with, what,
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ุณูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุทุงู
02:33
more than a quarter of a million deaths, perchance,
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฑุจุน ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆูุงุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ู†ูƒู† ุญุฐุฑูŠู†
02:36
even this year if we're not careful,
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02:39
and worldwide, I guess the death toll could, by the end of the year,
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุญุฐูุฑ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ูˆููŠุงุช ู‚ุฏ ูŠุตู„ ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูŽู†ุฉ
02:42
be well into the millions, with an "s."
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู†.
02:45
Is there evidence that the hotter temperatures of the summer
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู† ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุงุŸ
02:49
actually have been helping us?
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02:53
BG: They're not absolutely sure,
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ุจูŠู„: ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ู… ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุฃูƒู‘ุฏูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ
02:54
but certainly, the IHME model definitely wanted to use the season,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ู€IHME ุฃุฑุงุฏ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ูŽูˆู’ุณูู…
03:01
including temperature and humidity,
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- ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ -
03:03
to try and explain why May wasn't worse than it was.
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ู„ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุดุฑุญ ุณุจุจ ุนุฏู… ูƒูˆู† ุดู‡ุฑ ู…ุงูŠูˆ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ู…ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡.
03:08
And so as we came out and the mobility numbers got higher,
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ูุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู†ุฎุฑุทู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุดุงุทุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ูˆุงุฑุชูุนุช ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุชู†ู‚ู„ูŠู†ุŒ
03:14
the models expected more infections and deaths to come out of that,
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ูุฅู†ู‘ ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ู‚ุฏ ุชู†ุจู‘ุฃุช ุจุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ูˆุงุฑุชูุงุน ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ูˆููŠู‘ูŽุงุช ุจุณุจุจ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
03:20
and the model kept wanting to say,
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ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‘ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงุณุชู…ุฑ ุจุฑุบุจุชู‡ ููŠ ุฃู†ู’ ูŠู‚ูˆู„:
03:22
"But I need to use this seasonality
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"ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ูˆุณู…ูŠู‘ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
03:28
to match why May wasn't worse,
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ู„ุฃูˆุงูู‚ู‡ุง ู…ุน ุนุฏู… ูƒูˆู† ู…ุงูŠูˆ ุฃุณูˆุฃุŒ
03:30
why June wasn't worse than it was."
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ุฃูˆ ู…ุน ุนุฏู… ูƒูˆู† ูŠูˆู†ูŠูˆ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ู…ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡."
03:34
And we see in the Southern Hemisphere,
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ูˆู†ุฑู‰ ููŠ ู†ุตู ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจูŠุŒ
03:39
you know, Brazil,
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒูŠู„ุŒ
03:41
which is the opposite season,
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ู…ู†ุงุฎู‹ุง ู…ุนุงูƒุณู‹ุงุŒ
03:43
now all of South America is having a huge epidemic.
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ูƒู„ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจูŠู‘ูŽุฉ ุชุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ูˆุจุงุก ุถุฎู….
03:48
South Africa is having a very fast-growing epidemic.
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ุชุนุงู†ูŠ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุฅูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ู…ู† ูˆุจุงุกู ุณุฑูŠุน ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆู‘ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
03:53
Fortunately, Australia and New Zealand,
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ู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุญุธ ูุฅู†ูŽู‘ ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง ูˆู†ูŠูˆุฒูŠู„ุงู†ุฏ
03:55
the last countries in the Southern Hemisphere,
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-ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ููŠ ู†ุตู ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจูŠ-
03:57
are at really tiny case counts,
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ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ุฅุตุงุจุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏู‘ู‹ุงุŒ
03:59
and so although they have to keep knocking it down,
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅู†ู‘ูŽู‡ู… ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆู† ุชุฎููŠุถู‡ุง ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑุŒ
04:03
they're talking about, "Oh, we have 10 cases,
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู† ุนู†ุŒ "ุฃูˆู‡ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ุฅุตุงุจุงุชุŒ
04:05
that's a big deal, let's go get rid of that."
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ูŠุง ู„ูŽู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุตูŠุจุฉุŒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุชุฎู„ู‘ุต ู…ู†ู‡ุง."
04:09
So they're one of these amazing countries that got the numbers so low
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ู„ุฐุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ู„ุจู„ุฏุงู†ู ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ุญูŠุซ ุชุจู‚ูŠ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ู‘ุง
04:14
that test, quarantine and trace
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ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุญุต ูˆุงู„ุญุฌุฑ ุงู„ุตู‘ุญูŠ ูˆุชุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฎุงู„ุทูŠู†
04:18
is working to get them, keep them at very near zero.
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ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุจู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุงุช ู‚ุฑุจูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตู‘ูุฑ.
04:23
CA: Aided perhaps a bit by being easier to isolate
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุฑุจู‘ู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ุณุงุนุฏู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฒู„
04:26
and by less density, less population density.
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ูˆุจูุถู„ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุณู‘ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ.
04:29
But nonetheless, smart policies down there.
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุณู‘ูŠุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุฐู‘ูƒูŠุฉ ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑู‹ุง.
04:32
BG: Yeah, everything is so exponential
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ุจูŠู„: ู†ุนู…ุŒ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ุถุงุนู ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
04:33
that a little bit of good work goes a long way.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฏู‘ุคูˆุจ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‹ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑู‹ุง.
04:36
It's not a linear game.
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุซู„ ู„ุนุจุฉ ุจู†ุณู‚ ูˆุงุญุฏ
04:38
You know, contact tracing, if you have the number of cases we have in the US,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุนุฏุฏ ุฅุตุงุจุงุช ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูุฅู†ู‘ ุชุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฎุงู„ุทูŠู†
04:43
it's super important to do,
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ู…ู‡ู…ู‘ ุฌุฏู‘ู‹ุงุŒ
04:45
but it won't get you back down to zero.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ู‡ ู„ู† ูŠุนูŠุฏูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตู‘ูุฑ.
04:48
It'll help you be down,
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ุณูˆู ูŠุณุงุนุฏูƒ ููŠ ุชุฎููŠุถ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุงุชุŒ
04:49
but it's too overwhelming.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ุฎุฑุฌ ุนู† ุงู„ุณู‘ูŠุทุฑุฉ.
04:53
CA: OK, so in May and June in the US,
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุฅุฐู‹ุง ููŠ ุดู‡ุฑ ู…ุงูŠูˆ ูˆูŠูˆู†ูŠูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ
04:56
the numbers were slightly better than some of the models predicted,
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุงุช ุฃูุถู„ ุจู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู…ู‘ุง ุชู†ุจู‘ุฃุช ุจู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‘ู…ุงุฐุฌุŒ
04:59
and it's hypothesized that that might be partly because of the warmer weather.
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ูˆุฃู†ูŽู‘ู‡ ูŠูุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทู‚ุณ ุงู„ุฏุงูุฆ.
ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุตู ู…ุง ู†ุดู‡ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุขู†
05:03
Now we're seeing, really, would you describe it
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05:05
as really quite alarming upticks in case rates in the US?
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ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุงุฑุชูุงุนุงุช ุจุทูŠุฆุฉ ู…ู‚ู„ู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŸ
05:11
BG: That's right, it's --
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ุจูŠู„: ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ...
05:13
In, say, the New York area,
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ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุงุŒ
05:17
the cases continue to go down somewhat,
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ุชุณุชู…ุฑู‘ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุงุช ุจุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉู ู…ุงุŒ
05:20
but in other parts of the country,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุŒ
05:22
primarily the South right now,
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ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุญุงู„ูŠู‘ู‹ุงุŒ
05:26
you have increases that are offsetting that,
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ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุงุช ุชุนูˆู‘ุถ ุนู†ู’ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
05:28
and you have testing-positive rates in young people
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ูˆู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู…ุนุฏู‘ู„ุงุช ูุญูˆุต ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠู‘ุฉ ู„ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุดู‘ุจุงุจ
05:32
that are actually higher than what we saw even in some of the tougher areas.
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ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู…ู‘ุง ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุจูˆุกุฉ ุญุชูŽู‘ู‰.
05:38
And so, clearly, younger people have come out of mobility
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ู„ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ู‚ุฏ ุฒุงุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ุงุฎุชู„ุงุทู‡ู… ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ
05:42
more than older people have increased their mobility,
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณู†ู‘ูŠู†ุŒ
05:46
so the age structure is right now very young,
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ู„ุฐุง ูุงู„ูุฆุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑูŠูŽู‘ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุดุงุจุฉู‹ ุฌุฏู‘ู‹ุงุŒ
05:51
but because of multigenerational households,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃุณุฑ ู…ุชุนุฏู‘ุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฌูŠุงู„ุŒ
05:54
people work in nursing care homes,
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ุงู„ู†ู‘ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุฏูˆุฑ ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู†ู‘ูŠู†ุŒ
05:56
unfortunately, that will work its way back,
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ูุฅู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ -ู„ู„ุฃุณู- ุณูŠุฌุฏ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณู†ู‘ูŠู† ู…ุฌุฏู‘ูŽุฏู‹ุง
06:00
both the time lag and the transmission,
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ููŠุถุงู ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ุŒ
06:03
back up into the elderly,
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06:04
will start to push the death rate back up,
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ูˆุณูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุฑูุน ู…ุนุฏู‘ู„ุงุช ุงู„ูˆููŠู‘ุงุชุŒ
06:07
which, it is down --
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุฃุตู„ ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ...
06:10
way down from 2,000 to around 500 right now.
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ู‚ุฏ ุงู†ุฎูุถุช ู…ู† 2,000 ุฅู„ู‰ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 500 ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ู‘ุง.
06:15
CA: And is that partly because there's a three-week lag
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ูˆู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุงุชุฌ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูˆ ุจุขุฎุฑ ุนู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูุงุตู„ ุฒู…ู†ูŠ
06:18
between case numbers and fatality numbers?
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ุจูŠู† ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุงุช ูˆุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ูˆููŠู‘ุงุชุŸ
06:21
And also, perhaps, partly because
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ูˆุฑุจู‘ู…ุง ูŠุฑุฌุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุฌุฒุฆูŠู‘ู‹ุง
06:24
there have been some effective interventions,
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ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุฏุฎู‘ู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุนู‘ุงู„ุฉุŒ
06:26
and we're actually seeing the possibility
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ูˆููŠู‘ุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุง
06:29
that the overall fatality rate is actually falling a bit
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06:32
now that we've gained some extra knowledge?
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฑุฌุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงูƒุชุณุงุจู†ุง ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฅุถุงููŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ
06:34
BG: Yeah, certainly your fatality rate is always lower
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ุจูŠู„: ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคูƒู‘ุฏ ุฃู†ูŽู‘ ู…ุนุฏู‘ู„ ุงู„ูˆููŠู‘ุงุช ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฏูˆู…ู‹ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
06:38
when you're not overloaded.
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ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ู…ุซู‚ู„ู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุงุช.
06:40
And so Italy, when they were overloaded,
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅูŠุทุงู„ูŠุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุซู‚ู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุงุชุŒ
06:43
Spain, even New York at the start,
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ุฅุณุจุงู†ูŠุงุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉุŒ
06:46
certainly China,
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ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุจุงู„ุชู‘ุฃูƒูŠุฏุŒ
06:48
there you weren't even able to provide the basics,
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ู… ุชุชูˆูุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠู‘ุงุช ุญุชู‘ู‰ุŒ
06:53
the oxygen and things.
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆุบูŠุฑูู‡.
06:56
A study that our foundation funded in the UK
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู…ูˆู‘ู„ุชู‡ุง ู…ุคุณู‘ุณุชู†ุง ููŠ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง
07:00
found the only thing other than remdesivir
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ูˆุฌุฏุช ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุนุฏุง ุฑุงู…ุฏูŠุณูŠููŠุฑ
07:03
that is a proven therapeutic,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃูุซุจูุชุช ูุนุงู„ูŠู‘ุชู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌูŠู‘ุฉุŒ
07:06
which is the dexamethasone,
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ุฃู„ูŽุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒุณุงู…ูŠุซุงูˆู†ุŒ
07:08
that for serious patients,
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูุนุทูŽู‰ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู…ุชุฃุฒู‘ู…ูŠู†ุŒ
07:11
is about a 20 percent death reduction,
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ูŠุฎูู‘ุถ ู…ู† ุฅุฎุทุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฉ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 20% ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุงุŒ
07:15
and there's still quite a pipeline of those things.
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ูˆู„ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ุงู„ุดู‘ุฑูƒุงุช ุชุตู†ู‘ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ.
07:20
You know, hydroxychloroquine never established positive data,
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ุฏูˆุงุก ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆูƒุณูˆูƒู„ูˆุฑูƒูŠู† ู„ู… ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุฃูŠ ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠุฉุŒ
07:23
so that's pretty much done.
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ู„ุฐุง ูุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุชู…ูŽู‘ ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒู‡.
07:26
There's still a few trials ongoing,
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ู„ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฌุงุฑูŠุฉุŒ
07:28
but the list of things being tried,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ูŽ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑู‘ุจุฉุŒ
07:31
including, eventually, the monoclonal antibodies,
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ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุณูŠู„ุฉุŒ
07:35
we will have some additional tools for the fall.
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฅุถุงููŠู‘ุฉ ู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠู.
07:39
And so when you talk about death rates,
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ู„ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุชุญุฏู‘ุซ ุนู† ู…ุนุฏู‘ู„ุงุช ุงู„ูˆููŠู‘ุงุชุŒ
07:42
the good news is, some innovation we already have,
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ูุฅู†ู‘ ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู‘ุงุฑู‘ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‘ู†ุง ู†ู…ุชู„ูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑุงุช ุจุงู„ูุนู„ุŒ
07:46
and we'll have more, even in the fall.
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ูˆุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏุŒ ุญุชู‘ู‰ ููŠ ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠู.
07:49
We should start to have monoclonal antibodies,
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ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู…ุชู„ุงูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุณูŠู„ุฉุŒ
07:53
which is the single therapeutic that I'm most excited about.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุชุญู…ู‘ุณ ู„ู‡ ุจุดุฏู‘ุฉ.
07:57
CA: I'll actually ask you to tell me a bit more about that in one sec,
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุณุฃุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฃู† ุชุญุฏู‘ุซู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ
08:01
but just putting the pieces together on death rates:
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ู„ุฃุถุน ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู ููŠู…ุง ูŠุฎุต ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ูˆููŠุงุช:
08:03
so in a well-functioning health system,
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ุฅุฐู‹ุง ููŠ ู†ุธุงู… ุตุญู‘ูŠ ุฌูŠู‘ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุกุŒ
08:05
so take the US when places aren't overcrowded,
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ู„ูู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฒุฏุญู…ุฉุŒ
08:09
what do you think
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ุจุฑุฃูŠูƒ ูƒู… ู‡ูŠ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ูˆููŠู‘ุงุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขู† ูุตุงุนุฏู‹ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุงุŒ
08:11
the current fatality numbers are, approximately, going forward,
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08:14
like as a percentage of total cases?
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ูƒู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุชุŸ
08:17
Are we below one percent, perhaps?
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ู‡ู„ ู†ุญู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉุŒ ุฑุจู…ุงุŸ
08:20
BG: If you found every case, yes,
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ุจูŠู„: ุฅุฐุง ุชู…ูŽู‘ ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ูู†ุนู…ุŒ
08:23
you're well below one percent.
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ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ูˆููŠุงุช ุฃู‚ู„ู‘ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ.
08:26
People argue, you know, 0.4, 0.5.
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุชุฌุงุฏู„ูˆู† ุญูˆู„ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ 0,4 ุฃูˆ 0,5.
08:31
By the time you bring in the never symptomatics,
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐุช ุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠู† ู„ุง ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃุนุฑุงุถุŒ
08:34
it probably is below 0.5,
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ูุฅู† ุงู„ู†ู‘ุณุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุบู„ุจ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 0,5ุŒ
08:37
and that's good news.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุฌูŠู‘ุฏุฉุŒ
08:38
This disease could have been a five-percent disease.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู„ู… ูŠุณุจู‘ุจ ู…ูˆุช ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ.
08:43
The transmission dynamics of this disease
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ุขู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
08:47
are more difficult than even the experts predicted.
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ู…ู…ุง ุชูˆู‚ู‘ูŽุนู‡ ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก ุญุชู‰.
08:54
The amount of presymptomatic and never symptomatic spread
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ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ูˆุฃุดุฎุงุต ู„ุง ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ
08:58
and the fact that it's not coughing,
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ูˆุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ู„ูŠุณุช ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุณุนุงู„ ูู‚ุทุŒ
09:01
where you would kind of notice, "Hey, I'm coughing" --
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
09:03
most respiratory diseases make you cough.
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ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณูŠุฉ ุชุฌุนู„ูƒ ุชุณุนู„ุŒ
09:06
This one, in its early stages, it's not coughing,
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ุฃู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูู„ุง ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุณุนุงู„ุŒ
09:09
it's singing, laughing, talking,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุบู†ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุถุญูƒ ูˆุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŒ
09:13
actually, still, particularly for the super-spreaders,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุงู‚ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ุงู„ูุงุฆู‚ูŠู†ุŒ
09:16
people with very high viral loads,
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุญู…ู„ ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠ ุนุงู„ูŠุŒ
09:17
causes that spread,
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ู‡ู… ูŠุณุจุจูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุŒ
09:18
and that's pretty novel,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุก ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ
09:21
and so even the experts have to say, "Wow, this caught us by surprise."
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ุญุชู‰ ุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก ุชูˆุฌู‘ุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู‚ูˆู„: "ูˆุงูˆุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุฏู‡ุดู†ุง ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ."
09:25
The amount of asymptomatic spread
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ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃุนุฑุงุถ
09:27
and the fact that there's not a coughing element
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ูˆุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู„ุง ูŠุชุถู…ู‘ู† ุณุนุงู„ู‹ุง
09:30
is not a major piece like the flu or TB.
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ู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุก ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู… ู†ุฌุฏู‡ ููŠ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุณู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฅู†ูู„ูˆู†ุฒุง.
09:33
CA: Yeah, that is devilish cunning by the virus.
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ูŠุง ู„ูŽู‡ ู…ู† ุฏู‡ุงุกู ุดูŠุทุงู†ูŠู‘ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ.
09:36
I mean, how much is that nonsymptomatic transmission
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ูƒู… ู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃุนุฑุงุถ
09:41
as a percentage of total transmission?
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ูƒู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ุŸ
09:43
I've heard numbers it could be as much as half of all transmissions
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ุณู…ุนุช ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฑุฌุญ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู…ู† ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ูุฅู†ู‘ ู†ุตูู‡ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ
09:46
are basically presymptomatic.
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ู…ู† ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ.
09:49
BG: Yeah, if you count presymptomatics,
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ุจูŠู„: ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุนุฏู‘ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุณุจู‚ุฉุŒ
09:52
then most of the studies show that's like at 40 percent,
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ูุฅู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุจูŠู‘ู†ุช ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุดูƒู„ูˆู† 40%ุŒ
09:57
and we also have never symptomatics.
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ูˆู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃุนุฑุงุถ.
10:00
The amount of virus you get in your upper respiratory area
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ูƒู…ูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒูƒ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ
10:04
is somewhat disconnected.
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ู…ูุตูˆู„ุฉ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉู ู…ุง.
10:05
Some people will have a lot here and very little in their lungs,
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ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ุฑุฆุชูŠู‡ู…ุŒ
10:08
and what you get in your lungs causes the really bad symptoms --
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ูˆู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฑุฆุชูŠูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุจู‘ุจ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ...
10:13
and other organs, but mostly the lungs --
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ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃุบู„ุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฆุชูŠู†...
10:16
and so that's when you seek treatment.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ.
10:19
And so the worst case in terms of spreading
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุญุงู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰
10:21
is somebody who's got a lot in the upper respiratory tract
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ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุดุฎุต ุญุงู…ู„ู‹ุง ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ููŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒู‡ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ
10:24
but almost none in their lungs,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู„ุง ูŠุญู…ู„ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฆุชูŠู†ุŒ
10:26
so they're not care-seeking.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆู† ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ.
10:29
CA: Right.
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุตุญูŠุญ.
10:31
And so if you add in the never symptomatic
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ุฅุฐุง ุฃุถูู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุฏูˆู† ุฃุนุฑุงุถ
10:34
to the presymptomatic,
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุณุจู‚ุฉุŒ
10:36
do you get above 50 percent of the transmission
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ู‡ู„ ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุนุฏูˆู‰ ุชููˆู‚ ุงู„ู€ 50%
10:38
is actually from nonsymptomatic people?
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ู…ู† ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃุนุฑุงุถุŸ
10:41
BG: Yeah, transmission is harder to measure.
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ุจูŠู„: ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ุตุนุจุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ.
10:45
You know, we see certain hotspots and things,
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ุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ูˆุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
10:48
but that's a huge question with the vaccine:
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ูŽ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณุคุงู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ุงุญ:
10:51
Will it, besides avoiding you getting sick,
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ู‡ู„ ุณูŠุชู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุนูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ
10:55
which is what the trial will test,
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-ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุณุชุฎุชุจุฑู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ-
10:57
will it also stop you from being a transmitter?
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ู…ู† ุฃู† ูŠู…ู†ุนูƒ ุฃู† ุชุนุฏูŠ ุบูŠุฑูƒุŸ
11:01
CA: So that vaccine,
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุฅุฐู‹ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุŒ
11:02
it's such an important question, let's come on to that.
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ูŠุง ู„ูŽู‡ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู†ู‡.
ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
11:05
But before we go there,
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ู‡ู„ ู…ู† ู…ูุงุฌุขุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠูŠู†
11:06
any other surprises in the last couple months
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ุชุนู„ู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ
11:08
that we've learned about this virus
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11:10
that really impact how we should respond to it?
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุคุซุฑ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุชู†ุง ู„ู‡ุŸ
11:14
BG: We're still not able to characterize who the super-spreaders are
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ุจูŠู„: ู…ุง ุฒู„ู†ุง ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ู†ุงู‚ู„ูŠ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ูุงุฆู‚ูŠู†
11:19
in terms of what that profile is,
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ุญูˆู„ ู…ุงู‡ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู„ู ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุŒ
11:21
and we may never.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ู†ุชู…ูƒู‘ู† ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุจุฏู‹ุง.
11:23
That may just be quite random.
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠู‘ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
11:25
If you could identify them,
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ุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชุทุนุช ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒู‡ู…ุŒ
11:28
they're responsible for the majority of transmission,
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ูุฅู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูˆู† ุนู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ุŒ
11:30
a few people who have very high viral loads.
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุญู…ู„ ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏู‹ู‘ุง.
11:33
But sadly, we haven't figured that out.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ู„ู„ุฃุณู ู„ู… ู†ุณุชูƒุดู ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏ.
11:38
This mode of transmission,
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ุŒ
11:40
if you're in a room and nobody talks,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุบุฑูุฉ ู„ุง ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุญุฏุŒ
11:42
there's way less transmission.
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ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏูˆู‰ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏูŽู‘ุง.
11:45
That's partly why, although planes can transmit,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฑุบู… ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุฏูˆู‰ุŒ
11:48
it's less than you would expect just in terms of time proximity measures,
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ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู…ุง ุชุชูˆู‚ุนู‡ ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ู…ู‚ุงูŠูŠุณ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุจ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠุŒ
11:53
because unlike, say, a choir or a restaurant,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุฌูˆู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทุนู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
11:57
you're not exhaling in loud talking
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ูุฅู†ูƒ ู„ุง ุชุฎุฑุฌ ุฒููŠุฑู‹ุง ุจู…ุญุงุฏุซุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุชุŒ
12:03
quite as much as in other indoor environments.
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ.
12:05
CA: Hmm.
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ู…ู…ู….
ู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ุจุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุงุช ุดุฎุต ูŠุตุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุชู† ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ
12:07
What do you think about the ethics of someone who would go on a plane
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12:10
and refuse to wear a mask?
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ูˆูŠุฑูุถ ุฃู† ูŠุฑุชุฏูŠ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู…ุฉุŸ
12:11
BG: If they own the plane, that would be fine.
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ุจูŠู„: ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ู…ู„ูƒู‹ุง ู„ู‡ุŒ ูู„ูŽู‡ู ุงู„ุญู‚ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ.
12:15
If there's other people on the plane,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุชู† ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉุŒ
12:18
that would be endangering those other people.
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ูุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูŠุดูƒู„ ุฎุทุฑู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
12:21
CA: Early on in the pandemic,
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุจูƒุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุจุงุกุŒ
12:22
the WHO did not advise that people wear masks.
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ู„ู… ุชู†ุตุญ ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุงุฑุชุฏุงุก ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู…ุงุช.
12:27
They were worried about taking them away from frontline medical providers.
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ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู‚ู„ู‚ูŠู† ุฃู†ูŽู‘ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูŠุณุจุจ ุนุฏู… ุชูˆูู‘ุฑู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฃุทุจุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ู…ุฑุถุงุช
12:33
In retrospect, was that a terrible mistake that they made?
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ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุงุญู‚ุŒ ู‡ู„ ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฎุทุฃู‹ ูุงุฏุญู‹ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ู‡ู…ุŸ
12:38
BG: Yes.
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ุจูŠู„: ู†ุนู….
12:40
All the experts feel bad that the value of masks --
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ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก ูŠุดุนุฑูˆู† ุจุงู„ุฐู†ุจ ุจุฃู† ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู…ุงุช...
12:46
which ties back somewhat to the asymptomatics;
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฑุชุจุท ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถุ›
12:49
if people were very symptomatic,
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ุฅุฐุง ุฃูŽุธู’ู‡ุฑูŽ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃุนุฑุงุถู‹ุง ูˆุงุถุญุฉุŒ
12:52
like an Ebola,
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ู…ุซู„ ู…ุฑุถ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุฅูŠุจูˆู„ุงุŒ
12:55
then you know it and you isolate,
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ูุนู†ุฏุฆุฐู ุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑู ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุนุฒู„ุŒ
12:59
and so you don't have a need for a masklike thing.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅู†ูŽู‘ูƒ ู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู„ุดูŠุก ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู…ุฉุŒ
13:03
The value of masks,
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ุฅู†ูŽู‘ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู…ุงุชุŒ
13:05
the fact that the medical masks was a different supply chain
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ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ูŽู‘ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฏุนูˆู…ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
13:09
than the normal masks,
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ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉู‹ ุจุงู„ูƒู…ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ
13:12
the fact you could scale up the normal masks so well,
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ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠู‘ุฏุŒ
13:14
the fact that it would stop that presymptomatic,
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ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŽู‘ุงู…ุงุช ุณุชูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถุŒ
13:18
never symptomatic transmission,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃุนุฑุงุถ.
13:20
it's a mistake.
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ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ุฎุทุฃ.
13:22
But it's not a conspiracy.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุคุงู…ุฑุฉ.
13:25
It's something that, we now know more.
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ุฅู†ู‘ูŽู‡ ุดูŠุก ู†ุนุฑู ุนู†ู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุขู†.
13:29
And even now, our error bars on the benefit of masks
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ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ูุฅู† ุฃุฎุทุงุฆู†ุง ุญูˆู„ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู…ุงุช
13:32
are higher than we'd like to admit,
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู…ู‘ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุฑุงู ุจู‡ุงุŒ
13:33
but it's a significant benefit.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฅู†ูŽู‘ ู„ู‡ุง ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.
13:36
CA: Alright, I'm going to come in with some questions
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุณูˆู ุฃู…ุฑู‘ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ
13:39
from the community.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน.
13:42
Let's pull them up there.
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ู„ู†ู…ุฑู‘ุนู„ูŠู‡ู….
13:44
Jim Pitofsky, "Do you think reopening efforts in the US have been premature,
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ุฌูŠู… ุจูˆุชูˆูุณูƒูŠุŒ "ู‡ู„ ุชุธู† ุฃู†ูŽู‘ ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงูุชุชุงุญ ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉุŒ
13:50
and if so, how far should the US go to responsibly confront this pandemic?"
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูุนู„ู‡ ู„ุชูˆุงุฌู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุจุงุก ุจู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุฉุŸ"
13:57
BG: Well, the question of how you make trade-offs
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ุจูŠู„: ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุนู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุชู†ุงุฒู„ุงุช
14:01
between the benefits, say, of going to school
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ู„ู†ู‚ู„ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
14:05
versus the risk of people getting sick because they go to school,
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ุฃูˆ ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ู„ู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ
14:10
those are very tough questions
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ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุตู‘ุนุจุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ู‘ุง
14:13
that I don't think any single person can say,
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุฃุธู† ุฃู†ูŽู‘ ุดุฎุตู‹ุง ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„:
14:20
"I will tell you how to make all these trade-offs."
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"ุณุฃุฎุจุฑูƒ ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู†ุงุฒู„ุงุช."
14:24
The understanding of where you have transmission,
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ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ุŒ
14:28
and the fact that young people do get infected
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ูˆุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู…ุฑุถูˆุง
14:31
and are part of the multigenerational transmission chain,
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ูˆุฃู†ูŽู‘ู‡ู… ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฌูŠุงู„ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ
14:35
we should get that out.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†ู’ ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฐู„ูƒ.
14:37
If you just look at the health aspect,
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ุฅุฐุง ู†ุธุฑุช ูู‚ุท ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุตู‘ุญูŠุŒ
14:40
we have opened up too liberally.
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ูุฅู†ู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ุฃุนุทูŠู†ุง ุญุฑูŠูŽู‘ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงูุชุชุงุญ.
14:43
Now, opening up in terms of mental health
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ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงูุชุชุงุญ ู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑู ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ูŠุฉ
14:47
and seeking normal health things like vaccines or other care,
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ูˆุงู„ุณู‘ุนูŠ ูˆุฑุงุก ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุตุญูŠู‘ุฉ ุทุจูŠุนูŠู‘ุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ุฃูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุŒ
14:54
there are benefits.
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ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููˆุงุฆุฏ.
14:56
I think some of our opening up has created more risk than benefit.
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ุฃุธู† ุฃู†ู‘ ุงูุชุชุงุญ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‚ุฏ ุฎู„ู‚ ุฎุทุฑู‹ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฌู„ุจู‡ ูุงุฆุฏุฉ.
15:02
Opening the bars up as quickly as they did,
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ุงูุชุชุงุญ ุงู„ุญุงู†ุงุช ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุงุŒ
15:05
you know, is that critical for mental health?
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู„ู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ูŠุฉุŸ
15:07
Maybe not.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ุง.
15:09
So I don't think we've been as tasteful about opening up
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅู†ู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‘ู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู…ูŠู† ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงูุชุชุงุญ
15:13
as I'm sure, as we study it,
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุฌุฒู… -ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุขู†-
15:19
that we'll realize some things we shouldn't have opened up as fast.
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ุจุฃู†ู†ุง ุณู†ุฏุฑูƒ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ู„ู†ุง ูุชุญ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ.
15:25
But then you have something like school,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุดูŠุก ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ
15:27
where even sitting here today,
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ูˆุญุชู‰ ุฌู„ูˆุณู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
15:30
the exact plan, say, for inner-city schools for the fall,
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ุงู„ุฎุทุฉ ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠูุŒ
15:35
I wouldn't have a black-and-white view
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ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณู„ุจูŠุฉ
15:38
on the relative trade-offs involved there.
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ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู†ุงุฒู„ุงุช ุงู„ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
15:44
There are huge benefits to letting those kids go to school,
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููˆุงุฆุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุณู…ุงุญ ู„ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ
15:50
and how do you weigh the risk?
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ูˆูƒูŠู ุชุฒูู† ุงู„ุฎุทุฑุŸ
15:53
If you're in a city without many cases,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฅุตุงุจุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉุŒ
15:57
I would say probably the benefit is there.
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ูุจุฑุฃูŠูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูุงุฆุฏุฉ.
16:01
Now that means that you could get surprised.
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ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ูƒ ุฃู†ู’ ุชุชูุงุฌุฆ.
16:03
The cases could show up, and then you'd have to change that,
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุงุช ุฃู†ู’ ุชุฑุชูุนุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
16:06
which is not easy.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุณู‘ู‡ู„.
16:08
But I think around the US,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ุฃุธู†ู‘ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ
16:10
there will be places where that won't be a good trade-off.
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ุณูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุญูŠุซ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงูุชุชุงุญ ุฎูŠุงุฑู‹ุง ุญูƒูŠู…ู‹ุง.
16:15
So almost any dimension of inequity,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฃูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ุงู„ุธู„ู…ุŒ
16:18
this disease has made worse:
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ูุฅู†ูŽู‘ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู‚ุฏ ุฌุนู„ู‡ ุฃุณูˆุฃ:
16:22
job type, internet connection,
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ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ูˆุงู„ุงุชู‘ุตุงู„ ุงู„ุดู‘ุงุจูƒูŠุŒ
16:27
ability of your school to do online learning.
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ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุชูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุดุงุจูƒุฉ.
16:31
White-collar workers,
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ุนู…ู‘ุงู„ ุงู„ูŠุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงุกุŒ
16:33
people are embarrassed to admit it,
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฎุฌูู„ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุฑุงู ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ
16:35
some of them are more productive
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ุจุนุถู‡ู… ู‚ุฏ ุฃุตุจุญ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌูŠู‘ุฉ
16:37
and enjoying the flexibility that the at-home thing has created,
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุณุชู…ุชุน ุจุงู„ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆูู‘ุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู† ุจุนุฏุŒ
16:42
and that feels terrible
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุก ูุธูŠุน
16:44
when you know lots of people are suffering in many ways,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู‘ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ุจุทุฑู‚ู ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ
16:49
including their kids not going to school.
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ูˆูŠุดู…ู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนุฏู… ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฃูˆู„ุงุฏู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ.
16:52
CA: Indeed. Let's have the next question.
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุตุญูŠุญ. ู„ู†ู…ุฑู‘ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ.
16:54
[Nathalie Munyampenda] "For us in Rwanda,
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[ู†ุงุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ูˆู†ูŠุงู…ุจู†ุฏุง] "ู†ุญู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุฑูˆุงู†ุฏุงุŒ
16:56
early policy interventions have made the difference.
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ู‚ุงู…ุช ุงู„ุชุฏุฎู„ุงุช ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจูƒู‘ูŽุฑุฉ ุจุฅุญุฏุงุซ ูุฑู‚.
16:59
At this point, what policy interventions do you suggest for the US now?"
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุง ุงู„ุชุฏุฎู„ุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ุชุฑุญู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ "
17:03
Bill, I dream of the day where you are appointed
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ุจูŠู„ุŒ ุฅู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุญู„ู… ุจุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชูุนูŠู‘ูŽู† ููŠู‡
17:05
the coronavirus czar
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ู‚ูŠุตุฑ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูƒูˆุฑูˆู†ุง
17:07
with authority to actually speak to the public.
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ู…ุน ุงู„ุณู‘ู„ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฎูˆู‘ู„ูƒ ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุงู…ู‘ุฉ.
17:10
What would you do?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู„ุชูุนู„ุŸ
17:13
BG: Well, the innovation tools
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ุจูŠู„: ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุนูŠุฉ
17:18
are where I and the foundation probably has the most expertise.
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ู‡ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุฃู…ุชู„ูƒ ุฃู†ุง ูˆู…ุคุณุณุชูŠ ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุฉ ููŠู‡.
17:23
Clearly, some of the policies on opening up have been too generous,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ูŽู‘ ุจุนุถ ุณูŠุงุณุงุช ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงูุชุชุงุญ ูƒุงู†ุช ุณุฎูŠู‘ุฉ ุฌุฏู‘ู‹ุงุŒ
17:27
but I think everybody
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต
17:31
could engage in that.
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุดุงุฑูƒ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ.
17:36
We need leadership
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ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉ
17:37
in terms of admitting that we've still got a huge problem here
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ุชุนุชุฑู ุจุฃู†ู‘ูŽู‡ ู…ุง ุฒู„ู†ุง ุฃู…ุงู… ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
17:43
and not turning that into almost a political thing
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู…:
17:47
of, "Oh, isn't it brilliant what we did?"
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"ุฃู„ูŠุณ ู…ุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ ุฑุงุฆุนุŸ"
17:51
No, it's not brilliant,
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ู„ุงุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ
17:53
but there's many people, including the experts --
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ -ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก-
17:58
there's a lot they didn't understand,
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู„ูŠูู‡ู…ูˆู‡ ุจุนุฏุŒ
18:00
and everybody wishes a week earlier whatever action they took,
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ูˆูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ูŠุชู…ู†ู‰ ุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ุนู…ู„ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡
18:05
they'd taken that a week earlier.
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ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุงู… ุจู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
18:08
The innovation tools,
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ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุนุŒ
18:09
that's where the foundation's work
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุฉ
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุชุŒ
18:15
on antibodies, vaccines,
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18:19
we have deep expertise,
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฎุจุฑุฉ ุนู…ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ
18:20
and it's outside of the private sector,
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ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุน ุงู„ุฎุงุตุŒ
18:23
and so we have kind of a neutral ability to work with all the governments
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช
18:28
and the companies to pick.
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ูˆุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุฎุชุงุฑู‡ุง.
18:30
Particularly when you're doing break-even products,
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ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจู…ุจูŠุนุงุช ุงู„ุชุนุงุฏู„ุŒ
18:32
which one should get the resources?
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ุฃูŠ ู…ู†ุชุฌ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†ู’ ุชูุตุฑูŽู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู†ูู‚ุงุชุŸ
18:34
There's no market signal for that.
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ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุณูˆู‚ูŠู‘ุฉ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ.
18:38
Experts have to say, "OK, this antibody deserves the manufacturing.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก ุฃู†ู’ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง: "ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠ ูŠุณุชุญู‚ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน.
18:42
This vaccine deserves the manufacturing,"
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญ ูŠุณุชุญู‚ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน."
18:45
because we have very limited manufacturing for both of those things,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ูƒู„ูŠู‡ู…ุงุŒ
18:50
and it'll be cross-company, which never happens in the normal case,
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ูˆุณูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุถุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุชุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ
18:53
where one company invents it
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ุญูŠุซ ุชุฎุชุฑุน ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุง ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญ
18:55
and then you're using the manufacturing plants of many companies
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชูุณุชุฎุฏูŽู… ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช
18:59
to get maximum scale of the best choice.
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ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุฎูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃูุถู„.
19:03
So I would be coordinating those things,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุณุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ
19:06
but we need a leader who keeps us up to date,
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุงุฆุฏ ูŠุจู‚ูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงุทู„ุงุน ุฏุงุฆู…ุŒ
19:11
is realistic
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ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ
19:14
and shows us the right behavior,
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ูˆูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุŒ
19:16
as well as driving the innovation track.
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ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุนูŠ.
19:20
CA: I mean, you have to yourself be a master diplomat
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุชุจุฏูˆ ูˆูƒุฃู†ูƒ ุณูŠุงุณูŠ ู…ุญู†ู‘ูƒ ูˆุฃู†ุช ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ.
19:22
in how you talk about this stuff.
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19:24
So I appreciate, almost, the discomfort here.
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ู„ุฐุง ุฃู‚ุฏู‘ูŽุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดู‚ู‘ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง.
19:26
But I mean, you talk regularly with Anthony Fauci,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ูƒ ุชุชุญุฏุซ ู…ุน ุฃู†ุชูˆู†ูŠ ูุงูˆุดูŠ ุจุงู†ุชุธุงู…ุŒ
19:29
who is a wise voice on this by most people's opinion.
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ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ุญูƒูŠู… ุจุฑุฃูŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
19:34
But to what extent is he just hamstrung?
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ุฏู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุนุงุฌุฒุŸ
19:36
He's not allowed to play the full role
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ู„ู… ูŠูุณู…ูŽุญ ู„ู‡ ุจุชุฃุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„
19:40
that he could play in this circumstance.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ู’ ูŠุคุฏู‘ูŠู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุธุฑู.
19:43
BG: Dr. Fauci has emerged where he was allowed to have some airtime,
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ุจูŠู„: ุธู‡ุฑ ุฏ.ูุงูˆุดูŠ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุณูู…ูุญ ู„ู‡ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ
19:48
and even though he was stating things that are realistic,
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ูˆุฑุบู… ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ูƒุงู† ูŠุนุฑุถ ุฃู…ูˆุฑู‹ุง ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠู‘ุฉุŒ
19:52
his prestige has stuck.
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ูุฅู†ูŽู‘ ู‡ูŠุจุชู‡ ู‚ุฏ ุถุงุนุช.
19:54
He can speak out in that way.
364
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุจุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ.
19:56
Typically, the CDC would be the primary voice here.
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ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ุŒ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุง.
20:02
It's not absolutely necessary,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุŒ
20:04
but in previous health crises,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ููŠ ุฃุฒู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุฉ ุณุงุจู‚ุฉุŒ
20:07
you let the experts inside the CDC
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ูุฅู†ูƒ ุชุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฐู† ู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ
20:10
be that voice.
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ู„ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุตู‘ูˆุช.
20:11
They're trained to do these things,
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู…ุฏุฑู‘ุจูˆู† ู„ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ
20:13
and so it is a bit unusual here how much we've had to rely on Fauci
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู…ู†ู’ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฃู„ูˆู ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุนู„ู‰ ูุงูˆุดูŠ
20:19
as opposed to the CDC.
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ุจุฏู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ CDC.
20:21
It should be Fauci, who's a brilliant researcher,
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ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุฃู†ู’ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูุงูˆุดูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจุงุญุซ ุงู„ุฐูƒูŠุŒ
20:25
so experienced, particularly in vaccines.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒ ุฎุจุฑุฉ ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช.
20:28
In some ways, he has become, taking the broad advice
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ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุญูŠ ุฃุตุจุญ ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู†ุตุงุฆุญ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ
20:33
that's the epidemiology advice
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ุตุงุฆุญ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฃูˆุจุฆุฉ
20:36
and explaining it in the right way,
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ูˆุฃุตุจุญ ูŠุดุฑุญู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉุŒ
20:39
where he'll admit,
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠุนุชุฑู ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡:
20:40
"OK, we may have a rebound here,
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"ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุชุญุณู‘ูู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
20:44
and this is why we need to behave that way."
380
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุตุฑู ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ."
20:47
But it's fantastic that his voice has been allowed to come through.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุน ุฃู†ูŽู‘ ุตูˆุชู‡ ู‚ุฏ ูˆูุฌูุฏ ู„ู‡ ุตุฏู‰.
20:53
CA: Sometimes.
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง.
20:55
Let's have the next question.
383
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ู„ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุณู‘ุคุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ.
21:01
Nina Gregory, "How are you and your foundation
384
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ู†ูŠู†ุง ุฌุฑูŠุฌูˆุฑูŠุŒ "ูƒูŠู ุณุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ุฃู†ุช ูˆุดุฑูƒุชูƒ
21:03
addressing the ethical questions about which countries get the vaccine first,
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ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุฃูˆู‘ู„ ู…ู† ุณูŠุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุŒ
21:08
assuming you find one?"
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ุจุงูุชุฑุงุถ ุฃู†ู‘ูƒู… ูˆุฌุฏุชู… ูˆุงุญุฏู‹ุงุŸ"
21:10
And maybe, Bill, use this as a moment
387
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ูˆู„ูŽูƒูŽ ูŠุง ุจูŠู„ ุฃู†ู’ ุชุณุชุบู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ
21:12
to just talk about where the quest for the vaccine is
388
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ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุนู†ู’ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญ
21:16
and what are just some of the key things we should all be thinking about
389
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ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†ู’ ู†ููƒุฑ ูƒู„ูŽู†ุง ุจู‡ุง
21:19
as we track the news on this.
390
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุชุงุจุน ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุญูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.
21:22
BG: There's three vaccines that are,
391
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ุจูŠู„: ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุชุŒ
21:26
if they work, are the earliest:
392
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ุฅุฐุง ู†ุฌุญุชุŒ ูุณุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุจูƒุฑ:
21:28
the Moderna, which unfortunately, won't scale very easily,
393
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ู„ู‚ุงุญ ู…ูˆุฏูŠุฑู†ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ู† ูŠุชู… ุชุนุฏูŠู„ู‡ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ู„ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธุŒ
21:34
so if that works, it'll be mostly a US-targeted thing;
394
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ู„ุฐุง ุฅู† ู†ุฌุญ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌู‘ู‡ ู„ุฃู…ูŠุฑูƒุงุ›
21:38
then you have the AstraZeneca, which comes from Oxford;
395
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ูˆู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุณุชุฑุงุฒูŠู†ูŠูƒุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุฃูˆูƒุณููˆุฑุฏุ›
21:41
and the Johnson and Johnson.
396
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ูˆู„ู‚ุงุญ ุฌูˆู†ุณูˆู† ูˆุฌูˆู†ุณูˆู†.
21:42
Those are the three early ones.
397
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจูƒุฑ.
21:44
And we have animal data
398
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ูˆู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุญูŠูˆุงู†ูŠู‘ุฉ
21:48
that looks potentially good but not definitive,
399
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ูŠุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุจุฏูˆ ุฌูŠู‘ุฏุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู†ูŽู‘ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุณ ู‚ุทุนูŠุŒ
21:54
particularly will it work in the elderly,
400
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ุณูˆู ุชุนู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู†ุŒ
21:56
and we'll have human data over the next several months.
401
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ูˆุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ.
21:59
Those three will be gated by the safety and efficacy trial.
402
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุณุชุชุฑุงูู‚ ุจุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ.
22:05
That is, we'll be able to manufacture those,
403
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ุฃูŠ ุฃู†ู‘ู†ุง ุณู†ุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุชุŒ
22:07
although not as much as we want.
404
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ูˆุฅู†ู’ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ.
22:10
We'll be able to manufacture those before the end of the year.
405
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ุณู†ุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ู‚ุจู„ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ.
ู‡ู„ ุณุชู†ุฌุญ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉุŸ
22:13
Whether the Phase 3 will succeed
406
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22:15
and whether it'll complete before the end of the year,
407
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ูˆู‡ู„ ุณุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉุŸ
22:18
I wouldn't be that optimistic about.
408
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3648
ู„ู† ุฃูƒูˆู† ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูุงุคู„ ุญูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.
22:21
Phase 3 is where you need to really look at all the safety profile
409
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ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ
22:26
and efficacy,
410
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ูˆุงู„ูุงุนู„ูŠู‘ุฉุŒ
22:27
but those will get started.
411
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง.
22:29
And then there's four or five vaccines that use different approaches
412
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ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุทุฑู‚ู‹ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
22:33
that are maybe three or four months behind that:
413
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฃุชูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช:
22:36
Novavax, Sanofi, Merck.
414
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ู†ูˆูุงูุงูƒุณ ูˆุณุงู†ูˆููŠ ูˆู…ูŠุฑูƒ.
22:40
And so we're funding factory capacity for a lot of these --
415
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู†ุญู† ู†ู…ูˆู‘ู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชู‘ุตู†ูŠุนูŠุฉ ู„ู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช...
22:47
some complex negotiations are taking place right now on this --
416
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ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุงูˆุถุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนู‚ู‘ุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุญูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒโ€ฆ
22:53
to get factories that will be dedicated to the poorer countries,
417
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5293
ู„ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ูƒุฑู‘ุณุฉ ู„ู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉุŒ
22:58
what's called low- and middle-income.
418
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ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุฎูุถ.
23:01
And the very scalable constructs
419
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ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนุฏูŠู„
23:04
that include AstraZeneca and Johnson and Johnson,
420
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดู…ู„ ุฃุณุชุฑุงุฒูŠู†ูŠูƒุง ูˆุฌูˆู†ุณูˆู† ูˆุฌูˆู†ุณูˆู†ุŒ
23:08
we'll focus on those,
421
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ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ุญุทู‘ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู†ุงุŒ
23:09
the ones that are inexpensive
422
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ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูƒู„ูุฉ
23:11
and you can build a single factory to make 600 million doses.
423
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู†ู’ ุชุจู†ูŠ ู…ุนู…ู„ู‹ุง ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน 600 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฌุฑุนุฉ.
23:15
So a number of the vaccine constructs
424
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู†ู‘ ุนุฏุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู‘ุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉ.
23:19
are potential.
425
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23:21
I don't see anything before the end of the year.
426
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ู„ุง ุฃุชูˆู‚ู‘ุน ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ู‚ุจู„ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู‘ู†ุฉ.
23:25
That's really the best case,
427
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูุถู„ ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ
23:27
and it's down to a few constructs now,
428
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
23:30
which, typically, you have high failure rates.
429
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ูุดู„ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹.
23:36
CA: Bill, is it the case
430
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุจูŠู„ุŒ ู‡ู„ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡
23:37
that if you and your foundation weren't in the picture here
431
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ุฅู†ู’ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุฃู†ุชูŽ ูˆุดุฑูƒุชูƒ ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
23:40
that market dynamics would likely lead to a situation
432
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ูุฅู† ุฏูŠู†ุงู…ูŠู‘ูƒูŠุงุช ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุณุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ุฉ
23:43
where, as soon as a promising vaccine candidate emerged,
433
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ุญูŠุซ ุญุงู„ู…ุง ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู…ุฑุดุญ ู„ู„ู‚ุงุญู ูˆุงุนุฏุŒ
23:47
the richer countries would basically snap up, gobble up
434
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ูุฅู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ุบู†ูŠู‘ุฉ ุณุชุญุชูƒุฑ
23:50
all available initial supply --
435
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ูƒู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุฑูŠุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุงุญุฉ...
23:52
it just takes a while to manufacture these,
436
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ุณูŠุณุชุบุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุนู‡ุงุŒ
23:55
and there would be nothing for the poorer countries --
437
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ูˆู„ู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุดูŠุก ู„ู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉ...
23:59
but that what, effectively, you're doing
438
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุชูุนู„ู‡ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉู‹
24:01
by giving manufacturing guarantees and capability
439
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุนุทูŠ ุถู…ุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชุทุงุนุฉ
24:04
to some of these candidates,
440
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ู„ุจุนุถ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฑุดุญูŠู†ุŒ
24:06
you're making it possible that at least some of the early vaccine units
441
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6493
ูู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุช ุชุฌุนู„ ุจุฐู„ูƒ -ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„- ุจุนุถ ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญ ุงู„ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ
24:13
will go to poorer countries?
442
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ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉุŸ
24:15
Is that correct?
443
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
24:17
BG: Well, it's not just us, but yes,
444
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ุจูŠู„: ู„ุณู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
24:18
we're in the central role there,
445
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ู†ุญู† ู†ู„ุนุจ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ
24:21
along with a group we created called CEPI, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness,
446
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6738
ุจุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู† ู…ุน ูุฑูŠู‚ ูŠุฏุนู‰ ุจู€CEPIุŒ ุชุญุงู„ู ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุฃู‡ุจ ุงู„ูˆุจุงุฆูŠุŒ
24:28
and the European leaders agree with this.
447
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ูˆูŠุชูู‚ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
24:32
Now we have the expertise to look at each of the constructs
448
1472271
3028
ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุญู† ู…ู† ู†ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุฉ ู„ุฅู„ู‚ุงุก ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช
24:35
and say, "OK, where is there a factory in the world
449
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ูˆู„ุฃู†ู’ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ุŒ "ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุฃูŠู† ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุตู†ุน ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
24:37
that has capacity that can build that?
450
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ูŠู…ู„ูƒ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
24:39
Which one should we put the early money into?
451
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ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†ู’ ู†ู…ูˆู‘ู„ู‡ ุจุงูƒุฑู‹ุงุŸ
24:42
What should the milestones be
452
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1471
ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…
24:43
where we'll shift the money over to a different one?"
453
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ู„ู†ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ ู„ู…ุตู†ุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุŸ"
24:47
Because the kind of private sector people
454
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ู„ุฃู†ูŽู‘ ุฃุตุญุงุจ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุน ุงู„ุฎุงุต
24:51
who really understand that stuff,
455
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠูู‡ู…ูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑุŒ
24:53
some of them work for us,
456
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ุจุนุถู‡ู… ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุงุŒ
24:55
and we're a trusted party on these things,
457
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ูˆู†ุญู† ุทุฑู ู…ูˆุซูˆู‚ ุจู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑุŒ
24:59
we get to coordinate a lot of it, particularly that manufacturing piece.
458
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑุŒ ุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุนูŠ.
25:05
Usually, you'd expect the US to think of this as a global problem
459
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ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ู…ุง ุชุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃู†ู’ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ุฉ
25:10
and be involved.
460
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ุชุชุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุชุฏุฎู„ ู…ู† ู‚ูุจูŽู„ู‡ุง.
25:11
So far, no activity on that front has taken place.
461
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฃูŠ ู…ุณุชุฌุฏู‘ุงุช ู…ู† ู‚ุจูŠู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.
25:17
I am talking to people in the Congress and the Administration
462
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ุฅู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุบุฑุณ ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ
25:22
about when the next relief bill comes along
463
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ุญูˆู„ ู…ูˆุนุฏ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฅุบุงุซุฉ
25:25
that maybe one percent of that could go for the tools
464
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ุฑุจู…ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ ุณูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช
25:30
to help the entire world.
465
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ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡.
25:32
And so it's possible,
466
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุŒ
25:35
but it's unfortunate,
467
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู…ุคุณูุŒ
25:36
and the vacuum here,
468
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ูˆุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุบุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
25:40
the world is not that used to,
469
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ูˆุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุนุชุงุฏู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
25:41
and a lot of people are stepping in, including our foundation,
470
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ูˆุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุดุงุฑูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุคุณุณุชู†ุงุŒ
25:46
to try and have a strategy,
471
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ู„ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุงู…ุชู„ุงูƒ ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุฉุŒ
25:48
including for the poorer countries,
472
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ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉุŒ
25:50
who will suffer a high percentage of the deaths and negative effects,
473
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุณุชุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ูˆููŠู‘ุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุขุซุงุฑ ุณู„ุจูŠุฉุŒ
25:56
including their health systems being overwhelmed.
474
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ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู†ูŽู‘ ุฃู†ุธู…ุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ู…ุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑุฉ.
26:00
Most of the deaths will be in developing countries,
475
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ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ูˆููŠุงุช ุณุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉุŒ
26:02
despite the huge deaths we've seen in Europe and the US.
476
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุดู‡ุฏู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูˆุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
26:07
CA: I mean, I wish I could be a fly on the wall
477
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุฃุชู…ู†ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุชู†ุตุช ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู„ู†ุฏุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชุญุฏุซูˆู† ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
26:09
and hearing you and Melinda talk about this,
478
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26:11
because of all of the ethical ... "crimes," let's say,
479
1571793
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ู„ุฃู†ูŽู‘ ูƒู„ "ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุฆู… ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ" ุฅุฐุง ุฌุงุฒ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑุŒ
26:17
executed by leaders who should know better,
480
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ุงุฑุชููƒุจูŽุช ุจุณุจุจ ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ูƒุงู† ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏุŒ
26:21
I mean, it's one thing to not model mask-wearing,
481
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ุฃู„ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู„ู… ูŠุฌู…ู‘ู„ูˆุง ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู…ุฉุŒ
26:25
but to not play a role in helping the world
482
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุนุฏู… ุชุฃุฏูŠุฉ ุฏูˆุฑ ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
26:31
when faced with a common enemy,
483
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ ุนุฏูˆู‘ู‹ุง ู…ุดุชุฑูƒู‹ุงุŒ
26:33
respond as one humanity,
484
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ุงู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ูƒุฌู†ุณ ุจุดุฑูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
26:35
and instead ...
485
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ูˆุจุฏู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ...
26:38
you know, catalyze a really unseemly scramble between nations
486
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ุฅุดุนุงู„ ูุชูŠู„ ุตุฑุงุน ุบูŠุฑ ู„ุงุฆู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู…ู…
26:42
to fight for vaccines, for example.
487
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ู„ู„ู‡ูุงุซ ุฎู„ู ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„.
26:45
That just seems -- surely, history is going to judge that harshly.
488
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ... ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุณูŠุญูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจู‚ุณูˆุฉ.
26:51
That is just sickening.
489
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ุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู‚ุฒุฒ.
26:54
Isn't it? Am I missing something?
490
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ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุฎุทุฆ ููŠ ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠุŸ
26:56
BG: Well, it's not quite as black-and-white as that.
491
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ุจูŠู„: ุฅู†ู‘ู‘ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุณ ุจูŠุถุงูˆูŠู‹ู‘ุง ูˆุณูˆุฏุงูˆูŠู‹ู‘ุง ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ.
27:02
The US has put more money out
492
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุตุฑูุช ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ูˆุฏ
27:04
to fund the basic research on these vaccines
493
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-ู„ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃุจุญุงุซ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช-
27:08
than any country by far,
494
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ู…ุง ู„ู… ูŠุตุฑูู‡ ุฃูŠ ุจู„ุฏ ุขุฎุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
27:10
and that research is not restricted.
495
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุจุญุงุซ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ู‚ูŠู‘ุฏุฉ.
27:13
There's not, like, some royalty that says, "Hey, if you take our money,
496
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ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู…ู„ูƒูŠู‘ุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจูŠู„: "ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐุช ู†ู‚ูˆุฏู†ุงุŒ
27:17
you have to pay the US a royalty."
497
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2072
ูุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุนู„ู† ูˆู„ุงุฆูƒ ู„ู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ."
27:19
They do, to the degree they fund research,
498
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠูุนู„ูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูˆู‘ู„ูˆู† ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุจุญุงุซ ู„ู„ุฌู…ูŠุนุŒ
27:22
it's for everybody.
499
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27:23
To the degree they fund factories, it's just for the US.
500
1643591
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ู„ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูˆู‘ู„ูˆู† ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุนุŒ ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ุญูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
27:26
The thing that makes this tough is that in every other global health problem,
501
1646301
4501
ุฅู†ู‘ ู…ุง ูŠุฌุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุตุนุจู‹ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุตุญูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉุŒ
27:30
the US totally leads smallpox eradication,
502
1650826
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงุณุชุฆุตุงู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑูŠุŒ
27:33
the US is totally the leader on polio eradication,
503
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4832
ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงุณุชุฆุตุงู„ ุดู„ู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ
27:38
with key partners -- CDC, WHO, Rotary, UNICEF, our foundation.
504
1658793
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ู…ุน ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุก ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠูŠู†โ€ฆ CDC ูˆWHO ูˆRotary ูˆUNICEF ูˆู…ุคุณุณุชู†ุง.
27:44
So the world -- and on HIV,
505
1664915
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ู„ุฐุง ูุงู„ุนุงู„ู…โ€ฆ ูˆู…ุน ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏุฒุŒ
27:48
under President Bush's leadership, but it was very bipartisan,
506
1668098
4770
ุชุญุช ู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุจูˆุดุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู…ุซู‘ู„ุฉ ู„ุญุฒุจูŠู†ุŒ
27:52
this thing called PEPFAR was unbelievable.
507
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฏุนู‰ PEPFAR ู„ุง ูŠุตุฏู‘ู‚.
27:55
That has saved tens of millions of lives.
508
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู†ู‚ุฐ ุนุดุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑูˆุงุญ.
27:58
And so it's that the world always expected the US
509
1678642
4272
ู„ุฐุง ูุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู‚ุฏ ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ูŠู…ู„ูƒ ุฒู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑุŒ
28:02
to at least be at the head of the table,
510
1682938
2003
28:04
financially, strategy, OK, how do you get these factories for the world,
511
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5732
ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠู‹ุง ูˆุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠู‹ุงุŒ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ูƒูŠู ุชูˆูู‘ุฑ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
28:10
even if it's just to avoid the infection coming back to the US
512
1690721
3979
ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‚ุท ู„ุชุฌู†ู‘ุจ ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
28:14
or to have the global economy working,
513
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ุฃูˆ ู„ูุฌุนู„ ุนุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ุŒ
28:16
which is good for US jobs
514
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1990
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุฑ ุฌูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ
28:18
to have demand outside the US.
515
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ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุทู„ุจ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
28:21
And so the world is kind of --
516
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ู„ุฐุง ูุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†...
28:23
you know, there's all this uncertainty about which thing will work,
517
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดูƒ ุญูˆู„ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุณูˆู ูŠุนู…ู„ุŒ
28:27
and there's this, "OK, who's in charge here?"
518
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŒ "ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ"
28:31
And so the worst thing, the withdrawal from WHO,
519
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4454
ูˆู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุดูŠุก ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุญุงุจ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉุŒ
28:35
that is a difficulty that hopefully will get remedied
520
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ู†ุฃู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุชู‡ุง
28:42
at some point,
521
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ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุงุŒ
28:43
because we need that coordination
522
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3001
ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠู‚
28:46
through WHO.
523
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ู…ุน ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ.
28:49
CA: Let's take another question.
524
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ู„ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุณุคุงู„ู‹ุง ุขุฎุฑ.
28:55
Ali Kashani, "Are there any particularly successful models
525
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3176
ุนู„ูŠ ูƒุงุดุงู†ูŠุŒ "ู‡ู„ ุฑุฃูŠุช ุฃูŠ ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ู†ุงุฌุญุฉ ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ูˆุจุงุก ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŸ"
28:58
of handling the pandemic that you have seen around the world?"
526
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3012
29:03
BG: Well, it's fascinating that, besides early action,
527
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ุจูŠู„: ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุน ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุชุตุฑู ุงู„ู…ุจูƒุฑุŒ
29:08
there are definitely things where you take people who have tested positive
528
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3602
ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุชู…ู‹ุง ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู…ุซู„ ุฃู†ู’ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฃุธู‡ุฑูˆุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูุญุต ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠุฉ
29:11
and you monitor their pulse ox,
529
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ูˆุชู‚ูŠุณ ู†ุจุถ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŒ
29:15
which is the oxygen saturation level in their blood,
530
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3161
ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุดุจู‘ุน ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ููŠ ุฏู…ู‡ู…ุŒ
29:18
which is a very cheap detector,
531
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ูƒุงุดู ุฑุฎูŠุต ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ
29:19
and then you know to get them to the hospitals fairly early.
532
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ูุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑู ุฐู„ูƒ ูุชุฃุฎุฐู‡ู… ู„ู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุชู ู…ุจูƒุฑู ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ู…ุง.
29:23
Weirdly, patients don't know things are about to get severe.
533
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ู…ุง ูŠุฏุนูˆ ู„ู„ุบุฑุงุจุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุฃู†ู’ ุชุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑ.
29:30
It's an interesting physiological reason that I won't get into.
534
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ุฅู†ู‘ูŽู‡ ุณุจุจ ููŠุฒูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ู„ู† ุฃุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡.
29:34
And so Germany has quite a low case fatality rate
535
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู†ูŽู‘ ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุง ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ูˆููŠู‘ุงุช ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ
29:39
that they've done through that type of monitoring.
536
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‘ู‚ุงุจุฉ.
29:42
And then, of course, once you get into facilities,
537
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒ ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฏุฎูˆู„ูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูู‚ุŒ
29:45
we've learned that the ventilator, actually, although extremely well-meaning,
538
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5143
ุนู„ู…ู†ุง ุฃู† ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠ - ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุญุณู† ุงู„ู†ูŠู‘ุฉ -
29:50
was actually overused and used in the wrong mode
539
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ุชู… ุงู„ุฅูุฑุงุท ููŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ูˆุงุณุชูุฎุฏูู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ
29:55
in those early days.
540
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ.
29:56
So the health -- the doctors are way smarter about treatment today.
541
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูุงู„ุฃุทุจุงุก ู‡ู… ุฃุฐูƒู‰ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุฎุต ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
30:02
Most of that, I would say, is global.
542
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ู…ุนุธู… ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู‡ูˆ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ.
30:05
Using this pulse ox as an early indicator,
543
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ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ูƒุงุดู ู†ุจุถ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒูƒุงุดู ู…ุจูƒุฑ.
30:07
that'll probably catch on broadly,
544
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ุฅู†ู‘ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูŠู†ุชุดุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ู ูˆุงุณุนุŒ
30:09
but Germany was a pioneer there.
545
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฑุงุฆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ.
30:11
And now, of course, dexamethasone -- fortunately, it's cheap, it's oral,
546
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ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒุณุงู…ูŠุซุงุฒูˆู†ุŒ ู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุญุธ ูุฅู†ู‡ ุฑุฎูŠุต ูˆูŠุคุฎุฐ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ูู…ุŒ
30:18
we can ramp up manufacture.
547
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชูƒุซูŠู ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน.
30:19
That'll go global as well.
548
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ุณูŠุตุจุญ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‹ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
30:25
CA: Bill, I want to ask you something about
549
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3789
ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุจูŠู„ุŒ ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุณุฃู„ูƒ
30:28
what it's been like for you personally through this whole process.
550
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ูƒูŠู ุจุฏุง ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ-ุดุฎุตูŠู‹ู‘ุง- ุฎู„ุงู„ ูƒู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ.
30:32
Because, weirdly, even though your passion and good intent on this topic
551
1832053
6017
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆุจุดูƒู„ ูŠุฏุนูˆ ู„ู„ุงุณุชุบุฑุงุจุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ู†ูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ุตุงููŠุฉ ูˆุดุบููƒ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ
30:38
seems completely bloody obvious to anyone who has spent a moment with you,
552
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฌู„ูŠู‘ู‹ุง ู„ุฃูŠู‘ ุดุฎุต ู‚ุถู‰ ู„ุญุธุฉู‹ ู…ุนูƒุŒ
30:43
there are these crazy conspiracy theories out there about you.
553
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ูุฅู†ู‘ู†ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ุจู†ุธุฑูŠูŽู‘ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุคุงู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญูˆู„ูŽูƒ.
30:47
I just checked in with a company called Zignal
554
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ูƒู†ุช ู„ู„ุชูˆู‘ ุฃุชูˆุงุตู„ ู…ุน ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุชุฏุนู‰ Zignal
30:50
that monitors social media spaces.
555
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฏูŠุฑ ู…ุณุงุญุงุช ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ.
30:53
They say that, to date, I think on Facebook alone,
556
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููŠุณุจูˆูƒ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุŒ
30:57
more than four million posts have taken place
557
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ุชู…ู‘ูŽ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ
31:01
that associate you with some kind of conspiracy theory around the virus.
558
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฑุจุทูƒ ุจู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุคุงู…ุฑุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ.
31:07
I read that there was a poll that more than 40 percent of Republicans
559
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ู‚ุฑุฃุช ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงุณุชุทู„ุงุน ุจุฃู†ูŽู‘ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 40% ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูŠูŠู†
31:13
believe that the vaccine that you would roll out
560
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ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ุจุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณุชุทุฑุญู‡
31:16
would somehow plant a microchip in people to track their location.
561
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ุณูŠู‚ูˆู… -ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุฃุฎุฑู‰- ุจุฒุฑุน ุฑู‚ุงู‚ุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ูˆู‚ุนูŽู‡ู….
31:21
I mean, I can't even believe that poll number.
562
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ู„ุง ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุชุตุฏูŠู‚ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุณุชุทู„ุงุน.
31:27
And then some people are taking this seriously enough,
563
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ูˆุจุนุถู‡ู… ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏุŒ
31:30
and some of them have even been recirculated on "Fox News" and so forth,
564
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ูˆุจุนุถู‡ู… ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏ ุฃุนุงุฏ ู†ุดุฑู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰"Fox News" ูˆู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
31:35
some people are taking this seriously enough
565
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ูˆ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ
31:37
to make really quite horrible threats and so forth.
566
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ู„ูŠูˆุฌู‡ ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏุงุช ูุธูŠุนุฉ ูˆู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
31:41
You seem to do a good job sort of shrugging this off,
567
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ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‘ูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ ุฌูŠู‘ุฏ ููŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
31:45
but really, like, who else has ever been in this position?
568
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุญู‚ู‘ู‹ุงุŒ ู…ู† ู…ุฑู‘ ุจู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ูุŸ
31:48
How are you managing this?
569
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ูƒูŠู ุชุนุงู„ุฌ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
31:51
What on earth world are we in
570
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ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุนูŠุด ููŠู‡
31:54
that this kind of misinformation can be out there?
571
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ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุถู„ูŠู„ุŸ
ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ูุนู„ู‡ ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ุชุตุญูŠุญ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
31:56
What can we do to help correct it?
572
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31:59
BG: I'm not sure.
573
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ุจูŠู„: ู„ุณุช ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏู‹ุง.
32:04
And it's a new thing
574
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุก ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
32:08
that there's conspiracy theories.
575
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ุจุฃู†ู’ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ู…ุคุงู…ุฑุฉ.
32:11
I mean, Microsoft had its share of controversy,
576
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ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูˆูุช ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ุง ู†ุตูŠุจู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑุถุฉุŒ
32:13
but at least that related to the real world, you know?
577
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุฃู†ู‘ ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ
32:16
Did Windows crash more than it should?
578
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3637
ู‡ู„ ุชูˆู‚ู ูˆูŠู†ุฏูˆุฒ ุนู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู…ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠุŸ
32:20
We definitely had antitrust problems.
579
1940559
1840
ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงูุญุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงุฑ.
32:22
But at least I knew what that was.
580
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ูุฅู†ู‘ู†ูŠ ุนุฑูุช ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
32:25
When this emerged, I have to say,
581
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ุญูŠู† ุธู‡ุฑุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุนุงุชุŒ ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠ ุฃู†ู’ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ุŒ
32:27
my instinct was to joke about it.
582
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4177
ุบุฑูŠุฒุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ู’ ุขุฎุฐู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุญ.
32:31
People have said that's really inappropriate,
583
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‘ ุฐู„ูƒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจ ุงู„ุจุชู‘ุฉุŒ
32:33
because this is a very serious thing.
584
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ู„ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุฌุฏู‘ูŠ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
32:37
It is going to make people less willing to take a vaccine.
585
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ุณูŠุฌุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃู‚ู„ ุฑุบุจุฉ ููŠ ุฃุฎุฐู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญ.
32:42
And, of course, once we have that vaccine,
586
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2953
ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุญุงู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุŒ
32:45
it'll be like masks,
587
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุดุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู…ุงุชุŒ
32:46
where getting lots of people,
588
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2661
ุญูŠุซ ุณูŠู†ูู‘ุฑ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
32:49
particularly when it's a transmission-blocking vaccine,
589
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3349
ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‚ุงุญ ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ุŒ
32:52
there's this huge community benefit
590
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2583
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุถุฎู…ุฉ
32:55
to widespread adoption of that vaccine.
591
1975597
5314
ู„ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ูˆุงุณุน.
33:00
So I am caught a little bit,
592
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุชู…ู„ู‘ุตุŒ
33:04
unsure of what to say or do,
593
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ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุญูˆู„ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃูุนู„ุŒ
33:06
because the conspiracy piece is a new thing for me,
594
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ู„ุฃู† ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุคุงู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุดูŠุก ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠุŒ
33:11
and what do you say
595
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ูˆู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุฃุชุญุฏุซ
33:14
that doesn't give credence to the thing?
596
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุง ูŠุนุทูŠ ู…ุตุฏุงู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุŸ
33:19
The fact that a "Fox News" commentator, Laura Ingraham,
597
1999404
5051
ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ ู„ูˆุฑุง ุงู†ุบุฑุงู‡ุงู… - ู…ุนู„ู‚ุฉ "Fox News" -
33:24
was saying this stuff about me microchipping people,
598
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ู‚ุงู„ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ูŠโ€ฆ ุญูŠุซ ุฃุฒุฑุน ุฑู‚ุงู‚ุงุชูŠ ุจุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ
33:26
that survey isn't that surprising because that's what they heard
599
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ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงุณุชุทู„ุงุน ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุณุชุบุฑุจู‹ุง ู„ุฃู†ูŽู‘ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุง ุณู…ุนูˆู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ูุงุฒ.
33:30
on the TV.
600
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2195
33:33
It's wild.
601
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1985
ุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฌุงุฑุญ.
33:35
And people are clearly seeking simpler explanations
602
2015427
3293
ูˆุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุขู† ูŠุจุญุซูˆู† ุนู† ุชูุณูŠุฑุงุช ูˆุงุถุญุฉ
33:38
than going and studying virology.
603
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ุจุฏู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช.
33:43
CA: I mean,
604
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ
33:45
TED is nonpolitical,
605
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TED ุบูŠุฑ ุณูŠุงุณูŠุŒ
33:46
but we believe in the truth.
606
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ู†ุง ู†ุคู…ู† ุจุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ
33:49
I would say this:
607
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ุณุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง:
33:52
Laura Ingraham, you owe Bill Gates an apology and a retraction.
608
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4092
ู„ูˆุฑุง ุงู†ุบุฑุงู‡ุงู…ุŒ ุฃู†ุช ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠู† ู„ุจูŠู„ ุบูŠุชุณ ุจุงุนุชุฐุงุฑ ูˆุชุฑุงุฌูุน ุนู† ูƒู„ุงู…ูƒ.
33:56
You do.
609
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ูˆุณุชูุนู„ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ.
33:57
And anyone who's watching this
610
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1558
ูˆุฃูŠู‘ ุดุฎุต ูŠุดุงู‡ุฏู†ุง
33:58
who thinks for a minute that this man is involved in some kind of conspiracy,
611
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ูŠุธู†ู‘ ูˆู„ูˆ ู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู…ุชูˆุฑู‘ุท ุจู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคุงู…ุฑุฉุŒ
34:03
you want your head examined.
612
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1335
ูุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชูุญุต ุนู‚ู„ูƒ.
34:05
You are crazy.
613
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1238
ุฃู†ุชูŽ ู…ุฌู†ูˆู†.
34:06
Enough of us know Bill over many years
614
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ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุง ูŠุนุฑู ุจูŠู„ ู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ
34:09
and have seen the passion and engagement in this to know
615
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู ูˆุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู† ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู†ุนุฑู
34:12
that you are crazy.
616
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ุจุฃู†ู‘ูƒ ู…ุฌู†ูˆู†.
34:14
So get over it,
617
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1172
ู„ุฐุง ูƒูุงู†ุง ุฌุฏุงู„ู‹ุงุŒ
34:15
and let's look at the actual problem of solving this pandemic.
618
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ูˆุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ู„ู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุจุงุก.
34:19
Honestly.
619
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ุจูƒู„ ุตุฑุงุญุฉ.
34:20
If anyone in the chat here has a suggestion,
620
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2155
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฏุดุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
34:22
a positive suggestion for how you can,
621
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุญ ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠ
34:25
how do you get rid of conspiracies,
622
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ุญูˆู„ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‘ุฎู„ู‘ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุดุงุนุงุชุŒ
34:27
because they feed on each other.
623
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุชุบุฐู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ.
34:29
Now, "Oh, well I would say that, because I'm part of the conspiracy,"
624
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ "ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุณุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคุงู…ุฑุฉ "
34:33
or whatever.
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ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠู‘ู‹ุง ูƒุงู†.
34:34
Like, how do we get back to a world
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ูƒูŠู ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุงู„ู…ู
34:39
where information can be trusted?
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ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู…ูˆุซูˆู‚ุฉุŸ
34:40
We have to do better on it.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฃูุถู„ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง.
34:42
Are there any other questions out there from the community?
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุŸ
34:50
Aria Bendix from New York City:
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ุขุฑูŠุง ุจูŠู†ุฏูŠูƒุณ ู…ู† ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒ:
34:52
"What are your personal recommendations for those who want to reduce
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"ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู†ุตุงุฆุญูƒ ุงู„ุดู‘ุฎุตูŠุฉ ู„ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุชุฎููŠุถ ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰
34:55
their risk of infection amid an uptick in cases?"
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ูˆุณุท ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุทูŠุฆุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุงุชุŸ"
35:00
BG: Well, it's great if you have a job
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ุจูŠู„: ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุน ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู„ุดุฎุต ุนู…ู„
35:03
that you can stay at your house and do it through digital meetings,
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ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉุŒ
35:10
and even some of your social activities,
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ูˆุญุชู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุดุงุทุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ
35:14
you know, I do video calls with lots of friends.
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ุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู…ูƒุงู„ู…ุงุช ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุก.
35:18
I have friends in Europe that, who knows when I'll see them,
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ู„ุฏูŠู‘ ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุก ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ู„ุง ุฃุญุฏ ูŠุนู„ู… ู…ุชู‰ ุณุฃุฑุงู‡ู…ุŒ
35:21
but we schedule regular calls to talk.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‘ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฌุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ูƒุงู„ู…ุงุช ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุชุญุฏุซ.
35:26
If you stay fairly isolated,
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ุฅุฐุง ุจู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุนุฒูˆู„ู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏู‘ู ู…ุงุŒ
35:31
you don't run much risk,
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ูุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุฎุงุทุฑ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ
35:35
and it's when you're getting together with lots of other people,
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ุฃู…ู‘ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
35:40
either through work or socialization,
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ุฅู…ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุฃูˆุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงุท ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ
35:42
that drives that risk,
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ูุฅู†ู‘ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุณุจู‘ุจ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑุŒ
35:45
and particularly in these communities where you have increased cases,
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ูˆุฎุงุตู‘ุฉู‹ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฅุตุงุจุงุช ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉุŒ
35:51
even though it's not going to be mandated,
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ุฃูŠ ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ู„ู† ูŠูุชู‘ูŽุฎุฐุŒ
35:54
hopefully, the mobility numbers will show people responding
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ู†ุฃู…ู„ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุชู†ู‚ู„ูŠู† ุฑุงุฏุนู‹ุง ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠุณุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
35:58
and minimizing those kind of out-of-the-house contacts.
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ูˆูŠู‚ู„ู‘ู„ูˆุง ู…ู† ู†ุดุงุทุงุชู‡ู… ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„.
36:05
CA: Bill, I wonder if I could just ask you
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ุจูŠู„: ูƒู†ุช ุฃุชุณุงุฆู„ ู„ูˆ ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุฃุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู† ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ.
36:07
just a little bit about philanthropy.
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36:08
Obviously, your foundation has played a huge role in this,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‘ ู…ุคุณุณุชูƒ ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจุฏูˆุฑู ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ
36:12
but philanthropy more generally.
651
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู….
36:15
You know, you've started this Giving Pledge movement,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุจุฏุฃุช ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชุนู‡ุฏ ุนุทุงุกุŒ
36:19
recruited all these billionaires
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ู‚ู…ุช ุจุชุทูˆูŠุน ูƒู„ ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุฏูŠุฑุงุช
36:21
who have pledged to give away half their net worth
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ุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠู† ุชุนู‡ุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ุชุจุฑุน ุจู†ุตู ุตุงููŠ ุซุฑูˆุชู‡ู…
36:27
before or after their death.
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ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูˆ ุจุนุฏ ูˆูุงุชู‡ู….
36:29
But it's really hard to do.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุตุนุจ.
36:30
It's really hard to give away that much money.
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ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ู„ูŽู…ูู†ูŽ ุงู„ุตู‘ุนุจ ุงู„ุชุจุฑู‘ุน ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„
36:33
You yourself, I think,
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ุญุชู‘ู‰ ุฃู†ุช ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏุŒ
36:34
since The Giving Pledge was started --
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ู…ู†ุฐ ุฃู† ุจุฏุฃ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุชุนู‡ุฏ ุนุทุงุก...
36:36
what? 10 years ago or something, I'm not sure when --
660
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ู…ู†ุฐ ุนุดุฑ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุงุŒ ู„ุณุช ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏู‹ุง ู…ุชู‰...
36:39
but your own net worth, I think, has doubled since that period
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ูŽู‘ ุตุงููŠ ุซุฑูˆุชูƒ ู‚ุฏ ุชุถุงุนูุช ู…ู†ุฐ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
36:43
despite being the world's leading philanthropist.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู‘ูุบู… ู…ู† ูƒูˆู†ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูุญุณู† ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
36:46
Is it just fundamentally hard to give away money effectively
663
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ู‡ู„ ู…ูู†ูŽ ุงู„ุตุนุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุจุฑุน ุจุงู„ู…ุงู„
36:52
to make the world better?
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ู„ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฃูุถู„ุŸ
36:54
Or should the world's donors,
665
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ุฃู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุชุจุฑู‘ุนูŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
36:59
and especially the world's really rich donors,
666
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ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ู…ุชุจุฑู‘ุนูŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฃุซุฑูŠุงุก
37:01
start to almost commit to a schedule,
667
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ุงู„ุจุฏุก ุจุงู„ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ุจุฌุฏูˆู„ ุฒู…ู†ูŠ
37:03
like, "Here's a percentage of my net worth each year
668
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ู…ุซู„ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู…ุŒ "ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุตุงููŠ ุซูˆุฑุชูŠ ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉ
37:07
that, as I get older,
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ูˆุงู„ู‘ุชูŠ-ู…ุน ุชู‚ุฏู…ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ-
37:08
maybe that goes up.
670
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุฑุชูุน.
37:10
If I'm to take this seriously,
671
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุณุขุฎุฐ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏุŒ
37:12
I have to give away -- somehow, I've got to find a way
672
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ุนู„ูŠูŽู‘ ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
37:15
of doing that effectively."
673
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ู„ุนู…ู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุดูƒู„ ูุนุงู„."
37:16
Is that an unfair and crazy question?
674
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุฌู†ูˆู† ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏู„ุŸ
37:19
BG: Well, it'd be great to up the rate,
675
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ุจูŠู„: ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุน ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ุŒ
37:22
and our goal, both as the Gates Foundation or through The Giving Pledge,
676
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ูˆู‡ุฏูู†ุง ูƒู…ุคุณุณุฉ ุฌูŠุชุณ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุนู‡ุฏ ุนุทุงุกุŒ
37:28
is to help people find causes they connect to.
677
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ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ูŠุชุตู„ูˆู† ุจู‡ุง.
37:31
People give through passion.
678
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ุชุจุฑู‘ูุน ุงู„ู†ู‘ุงุณ ูŠู†ุจุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุจู‘.
37:34
Yes, numbers are important,
679
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ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ู…ู‡ู…ู‘ุฉุŒ
37:36
but there's so many causes out there.
680
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
37:39
The way you're going to pick is you see somebody who's sick,
681
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ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณุชุฎุชุงุฑ ุจู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‘ูƒ ุชุฑู‰ ุดุฎุตู‹ุง ู…ุฑูŠุถู‹ุงุŒ
37:42
you see somebody who's not getting social services.
682
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ุชุฑู‰ ุดุฎุตู‹ุง ู„ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠูŽู‘ุฉ.
37:45
You see something that helps reduce racism.
683
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ุชุฑู‰ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ู„ู‘ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ.
37:48
And you're very passionate, and so you give to that.
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ูˆุฃู†ุช ุดุบูˆู ุฌุฏู‹ู‘ุงุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅู†ูƒ ุชุชุจุฑุน ู„ุฐู„ูƒ.
37:51
And, of course,
685
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ูˆ ุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒ
37:52
some philanthropic gifts won't work out.
686
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2100
ู„ู†ู’ ุชู†ุฌุญ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู‡ุฏุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑูŠู‘ูŽุฉ.
37:54
We do need to up the ambition level of philanthropists.
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ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุฑูุน ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุทู‘ู…ูˆุญ ู…ู† ู‚ูุจูŽู„ู’ ูุงุนู„ููŠ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ.
38:00
Now, collaborative philanthropy
688
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู†ูŠ
38:02
that you're helping to facilitate through Audacious,
689
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุงุนุฏ ุฃู†ุชูŽ ููŠ ุชุณู‡ูŠู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน AudaciousุŒ
38:06
there's four or five other groups that are getting philanthropists together,
690
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃูˆ ุฎู…ุณ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌู…ุน ูุงุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ู…ุนู‹ุงุŒ
38:09
that is fantastic,
691
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1195
ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุงุฆุนุŒ
38:11
because then they learn from each other,
692
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ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู‘ู… ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ู…ุŒ
38:14
they get confidence from each other,
693
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2148
ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุงูƒุชุณุงุจ ุงู„ุซู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุนุถุŒ
38:16
they feel like, "Hey, I put in x, and the four other people put money in,
694
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ู…ุŒ "ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชุจุฑุนุช ููŠ XุŒ ูˆุชุจุฑุน ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
38:20
so I'm getting more impact,"
695
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3384
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅู†ู‘ู†ูŠ ุฃุชุญูู‘ุฒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ."
38:24
and hopefully, it can be made fun for them even when they find out,
696
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ู„ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฌุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒุชุดููˆู†
38:28
OK, that particular gift didn't work out that well,
697
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ุฃู†ูŽู‘ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุทูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ู… ุชุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฏุฉุŒ
38:31
but let's keep going.
698
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู† ู†ุณุชุณู„ู….
38:34
So philanthropy, yes,
699
2314206
1996
ู„ุฐุง ูุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑูŠุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
38:36
I would like to see the rate go up,
700
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ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู†ู’ ุฃุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู‘ู„ ูŠุฑุชูุนุŒ
38:38
and people who do get going,
701
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3081
ูˆุงู„ู†ู‘ุงุณ ุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠู† ูŠู†ุทู„ู‚ูˆู†ุŒ
38:42
it is fun,
702
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1190
ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ู…ู…ุชุนุŒ
38:43
it's fulfilling,
703
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2151
ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ู…ูุฑุถูุŒ
38:45
you pick which of the family members are partnered in doing it.
704
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4108
ุณุชุฎุชุงุฑ ุนุถูˆ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูŠุดุชุฑูƒ ููŠ ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.
38:49
In my case, Melinda and I love doing this stuff together,
705
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3239
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠุŒ ุฃู†ุง ูˆู…ูŠู„ู†ุฏุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู…ุนู‹ุงุŒ
38:52
learning together.
706
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1167
ู†ุชุนู„ู… ุณูˆูŠู‘ู‹ุง.
38:54
Some families, it will even involve the kids in the activities.
707
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4815
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช ุณุชูุดู’ุฑููƒ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุญุชู‘ูŽู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ูŽู‘ุดุงุทุงุช.
38:58
Sometimes the kids are pushing.
708
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1739
ูˆุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูŠุดุฌุนูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
39:00
When you have lots of money,
709
2340603
2823
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุŒ
39:03
you still think of a million dollars as a lot of money,
710
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3433
ูุฅู†ูƒ ู„ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ูŽู‘ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ู‡ูˆู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑูŒ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ
39:06
but if you have billions,
711
2346907
1862
ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชู…ู„ูƒ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงุชุŒ
39:08
you should be giving hundreds of millions.
712
2348793
2132
ูุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุชุจุฑุน ุจู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู†.
39:10
So it's kind of charming that, in terms of your personal expenditure,
713
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4272
ู„ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‘ุงุฆุน ุฃู†ู‘ูŽู‡ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ู†ูู‚ุงุชูƒ ุงู„ุดู‘ูŽุฎุตูŠุฉุŒ
39:15
you stay at the level you were at before.
714
2355245
2019
ูุฅู†ูƒ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„.
39:17
That's societally quite appropriate.
715
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2686
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†ุงุณุจ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ.
39:19
But on your giving, you need to scale up
716
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3173
ู„ุฐุง ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุนุทุงุฆูƒ ูุฅู†ู‘ูƒ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒู‘ูŠุงุฏุฉ
39:23
or else it will be your will,
717
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5560
ูˆุฅู„ุง ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุชู„ูƒ ุฅุฑุงุฏุชูƒุŒ
39:28
and you won't get to shape it and enjoy it quite that same way.
718
2368779
4229
ูˆู„ู† ุชุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุชุดูƒูŠู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุชุงุน ุจู‡ุง ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง.
39:33
And so without --
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ู„ุฐุง ุจุฏูˆู†...
39:34
we don't want to mandate it,
720
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ู„ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ู†ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูˆุตุงูŠุฉุŒ
39:36
but yes, both you and I want to inspire philanthropists
721
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุฃู†ุช ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฅู„ู‡ุงู… ูุงุนู„ููŠ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ
39:40
to see that passion, to see those opportunities
722
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ู„ู†ุฑู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดุบูุŒ ู„ู†ุฑู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุฑุต
39:44
significantly faster than in the past,
723
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3349
ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุŒ
39:47
because whether it's race or disease, or all the other social ills,
724
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุณูˆุงุก ุฃูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ูŽุฑูŽุถู’ ุฃูˆ ุณูุจุงู‚ุŒ ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
39:52
the innovation of what philanthropy can go to and do quickly
725
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ุงู„ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ุฃู†ู’ ูŠู‚ูˆุฏ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ
39:57
that, if it works, government can come in behind it and scale it up,
726
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3241
ุฅู† ู†ุฌุญ ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุณุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุก ูˆุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุฏุนู…ู‡ุŒ
40:00
God knows we need solutions,
727
2400569
2184
ุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู‘ู†ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญู„ูˆู„ุŒ
40:02
we need that kind of hope and progress
728
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ู„ ูˆุงู„ุชู‘ู‚ุฏู‘ู…
40:06
that expectations are high
729
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ุฅู†ูŽู‘ ุงู„ุขู…ุงู„ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
40:10
that will solve very tough problems.
730
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2744
ูˆ ุณูˆู ุชุญู„ู‘ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูุนุถูู„ุฉ.
40:13
CA: I mean, most philanthropists, even the best of them,
731
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ูุญุณูู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุฃูุถู„ู‡ู…ุŒ
40:17
find it hard to give away more than about a percent of their net worth every year,
732
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4268
ูŠุฌุฏูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุงู„ุชุจุฑุน ุจุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุตุงููŠ ุซุฑูˆุชู‡ู… ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉุŒ
40:21
and yet the world's richest often have access
733
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ุฃุบู†ู‰ ุฃุบู†ูŠุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ูุฑุต ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑูŠูŽู‘ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
40:25
to great investment opportunities.
734
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40:27
Many of them are gaining wealth at seven to 10 percent plus per year.
735
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ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุซุฑูˆุฉ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจู…ุนุฏู‘ู„ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉ.
40:31
Isn't it the case that to have a real chance
736
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ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจุฃู† ูŠุชุจุฑู‘ุน ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจู†ุตู ุตุงููŠ ุซุฑูˆุชู‡
40:33
of giving away half your fortune,
737
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40:35
at some point you have to plan to give away five, six, seven, eight,
738
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ูุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุฎุทุท -ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุง- ู„ู„ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุนู† ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ูˆุณุชุฉุŒ ูˆุณุจุนุฉุŒ ูˆุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
40:39
10 percent of your net worth annually?
739
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ูˆุนุดุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุตุงููŠ ุซุฑูˆุชู‡ ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉุŸ
40:42
And that is, isn't that the logic of what should be happening?
740
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ุฃู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ ูŠูู…ู„ููŠ ุจุฃู†ูŽู‘ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซุŸ
40:46
BG: Yeah, there are people like Chuck Feeney,
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ุจูŠู„: ู†ุนู… ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู…ุซู„ ุชุดุงูƒ ููŠู†ูŠุŒ
40:49
who set a good example and gave away all of his money.
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ูˆุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ุซุงู„ู‹ุง ูŠูุญุชุฐูŽู‰ ุจู‡ ุญูŠุซ ุชุจุฑู‘ุน ุจูƒู„ู‘ ู†ู‚ูˆุฏู‡.
40:56
Even Melinda and I are talking about, should we up the rate that we give at?
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ุญุชู‘ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ูˆู…ูŠู„ู†ุฏุง ู†ุชุดุงูˆุฑ ููŠู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุชูˆุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู†ู’ ู†ุฑูุน ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุชุจุฑู‘ุนุงุชู†ุงุŸ
41:01
As you say, we've been very lucky on the investment side
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ูƒู…ุง ู‚ูู„ู’ุชุŒ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุญู† ู…ุญุธูˆุธูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑูŠ
41:05
through a variety of things.
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุดูŠุงุก.
41:07
Tech fortunes in general have done well,
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ุญู‚ู‚ุช ุงู„ุซู‘ุฑูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‘ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุฌูŠุฏุฉุŒ
41:11
even this year,
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ุญุชู‘ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู…ุŒ
41:13
which is one of those great contrasts
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชู†ุงู‚ุถุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
41:18
in what's going on in the world.
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ููŠู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
41:21
And I do think there's an expectation that we should speed up,
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชูˆู‚ู‘ุนู‹ุง ุจุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณุฑุงุนุŒ
41:26
and there's a reason to speed up,
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณุจุจ ู„ู„ุฅุณุฑุงุนุŒ
41:29
and government is going to miss a lot of needs.
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ูˆุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุณูˆู ุชููˆู‘ุช ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช.
41:32
Yes, there's tons of government money out there,
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ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุฃุทู†ุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฑูŠู ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ
41:35
but helping it be spent well,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ ุณูŠุตุฑู ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
41:37
helping find places it's not stepping up,
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ู‡ู„ ุณุชุฌุฏ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู… ุชุชุฎุฐ ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุชุŸ
41:40
and if people are willing to give to the developing world,
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ูˆููŠู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏ ู„ู„ุชุจุฑุน ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู†ู‘ุงู…ูŠุŒ
41:45
they don't have governments
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ูู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช
41:47
that can print checks for 15 percent of GDP,
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ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุทุจุงุนุฉ ุดูŠูƒุงุช ุจู‚ูŠู…ุฉ 15% ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงู„ุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุŒ
41:51
and so the suffering there broadly, just the economic stuff alone,
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ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ูุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ุงุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ูˆุงุณุน
41:55
put aside the pandemic,
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-ู‡ุฐุง ุนุฏุง ุงู„ูˆุจุงุก-
41:58
is tragic.
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ู…ุฃุณุงูˆูŠุฉ.
41:59
It's about a five-year setback
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ูƒุณุฉ ู…ุฏุชู‡ุง ุฎู…ุณ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู…ุถูŠู‘ ู‚ุฏู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู†ุŒ
42:02
in terms of these countries moving forward,
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42:05
and in a few cases, it's tough enough that the very stability of the country
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ูˆููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุตุนุจ ุฌุฏู‹ู‘ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ
42:09
is in question.
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุญูŽูƒู‘.
42:12
CA: Well, Bill,
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุจูŠู„ุŒ
42:13
I'm in awe of what you and Melinda have done.
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ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฑูุน ู‚ุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุจุฌูŠู„ ู„ู…ุง ูุนู„ุชู‡ ุฃู†ุชูŽ ูˆู…ูŠู„ู†ุฏุง.
42:18
You walk this narrow path
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ุฃู†ุช ุชุณูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุถูŠู‘ู‚
42:22
of trying to juggle so many different things,
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ู„ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจูƒู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ
42:26
and the amount of time that you dedicate to the betterment of the world at large,
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ูˆู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชูƒุฑู‘ุณู‡ ู„ุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ูˆุงุณุนุŒ
42:32
and definitely the amount of money
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ูˆุญุชู…ู‹ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงู„
42:34
and the amount of passion you put into it --
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ูˆู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุดูŽู‘ุบู ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุถุนู‡..
ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฌุฏู‘ู‹ุงุŒ
42:36
I mean, it's pretty awesome,
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42:37
and I'm really grateful to you for spending this time with us now.
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุญู‚ู‘ู‹ุง ู…ู…ุชู† ู„ูƒ ู„ู‚ุถุงุฆูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุนู†ุง ุงู„ุขู†.
42:42
Thank you so much,
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ู‹ุง ู„ูƒ.
42:44
and honestly, the rest of this year,
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ูˆุจูƒู„ ุตุฑุงุญุฉุŒ ุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ุจู‚ูŠู‘ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉุŒ
42:45
your skills and resources are going to be needed more than ever,
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ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุชูƒ ูˆู…ูˆุงุฑุฏูƒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู‘ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุถู‰ุŒ
42:48
so good luck.
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ู„ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุชู‘ูˆููŠู‚.
42:50
BG: Well, thanks.
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง. ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ุนู…ู„ ู…ู…ุชุน ูˆุฃู†ุง ู…ุชูุงุฆู„ุŒ ู„ุฐุง ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ูŠุง ูƒุฑูŠุณ.
42:51
It's fun work and I'm optimistic, so thanks, Chris.
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ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7