How the pandemic will shape the near future | Bill Gates

1,850,166 views ใƒป 2020-07-06

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Chris Anderson: Welcome, Bill Gates.
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Julie Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : ํ•œ์†œ ์ด
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ(CA) : ์–ด์„œ์˜ค์„ธ์š”. ๋นŒ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ .
00:02
Bill Gates: Thank you.
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๋นŒ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ (BG) : ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:04
CA: Alright. It's great to have you here, Bill.
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CA: ์‘ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์˜๊ด‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:06
You know, we had a TED conversation about three months ago
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3๋‹ฌ ์ „์— ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ TED ๋‹ดํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:09
about this pandemic,
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00:10
and back then, I think fewer than -- I think that was the end of March --
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”.
3์›”๋ง์ฏค์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1,000๋ช… ์ •๋„์˜€๊ณ ,
00:14
back then, fewer than 1,000 people in the US had died
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00:16
and fewer than 20,000 worldwide.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜๋Š” 2๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ •๋„ ๋๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”.
00:19
I mean, the numbers now are, like, 128,000 dead in the US
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๊ฐ€ 12๋งŒ 8์ฒœ๋ช… ์ •๋„์ด๊ณ 
00:24
and more than half a million worldwide,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 50๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๊ฐ€
00:27
in three months.
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์„ธ ๋‹ฌ ๋งŒ์— ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
In three months.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ ์„๋‹ฌ๋งŒ์—์š”.
์˜ฌํ•ด ๋‚จ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
00:30
What is your diagnosis of what is possible for the rest of this year?
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00:34
You look at a lot of models.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์…จ์ž–์•„์š”.
00:37
What do you think best- and worst-case scenarios might be?
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์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์™€ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
00:43
BG: Well, the range of scenarios, sadly, is quite large,
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BG: ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„, ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
including that, as we get into the fall,
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๊ทธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„๊นŒ์ง€
00:51
we could have death rates that rival the worst of what we had
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 4์›”์— ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ํ•„์ ํ•˜๋Š”
00:56
in the April time period.
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์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
If you get a lot of young people infected,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:00
eventually, they will infect old people again,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œ์ผœ
01:03
and so you'll get into the nursing homes,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๋˜ ์š”์–‘๋ณ‘์›,
01:06
the homeless shelters,
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๋…ธ์ˆ™์ž ์‰ผํ„ฐ,
01:08
the places where we've had a lot of our deaths.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
The innovation track, which probably we'll touch on --
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํƒ€๊ฐœํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
01:15
diagnostics, therapeutics, vaccines --
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์ง„๋‹จ๋ฒ•, ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•, ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๋“ค์€
01:17
there's good progress there,
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์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:20
but nothing that would fundamentally alter the fact
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
that this fall in the United States could be quite bad,
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์˜ฌ ๊ฐ€์„์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚˜์  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:28
and that's worse than I would have expected a month ago,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ์ „์— ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
the degree to which we're back at high mobility,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด๋™๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ณ 
01:35
not wearing masks,
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๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:37
and now the virus actually has gotten into a lot of cities
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๋งŽ์€ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
that it hadn't been in before in a significant way,
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:47
so it's going to be a challenge.
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์ด๊ฑด ํฐ ๋„์ „์ด ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
There's no case where we get much below the current death rate,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
which is about 500 deaths a day,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 500๋ช…์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:57
but there's a significant risk we'd go back up
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ 2์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋˜ ๋•Œ๋กœ
02:01
to the even 2,000 a day that we had before,
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๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
because we don't have the distancing,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‘๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
02:09
the behavior change,
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์ƒํ™œ์Šต๊ด€๋„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
02:11
to the degree that we had in April and May.
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4์›”๊ณผ 5์›” ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
02:15
And we know this virus is somewhat seasonal,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์ฃ .
02:19
so that the force of infection,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ ฅ์€
02:21
both through temperature, humidity, more time indoors,
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์˜จ๋„, ์Šต๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ์‹ค๋‚ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๋Š”
02:25
will be worse as we get into the fall.
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๊ฐ€์„์—๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
CA: So there are scenarios where in the US,
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CA: ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์•ˆ์—์„œ
02:30
like, if you extrapolate those numbers forward,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆซ์ž๋“ค์ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ,
02:32
we end up with, what,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š”
02:33
more than a quarter of a million deaths, perchance,
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2์ฒœ 5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช… ๋” ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
02:36
even this year if we're not careful,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
02:39
and worldwide, I guess the death toll could, by the end of the year,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋ง์—
02:42
be well into the millions, with an "s."
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์€ ๋˜๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
02:45
Is there evidence that the hotter temperatures of the summer
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
02:49
actually have been helping us?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:53
BG: They're not absolutely sure,
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BG: ๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
02:54
but certainly, the IHME model definitely wanted to use the season,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ IHME ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:01
including temperature and humidity,
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์˜จ๋„์™€ ์Šต๋„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ,
03:03
to try and explain why May wasn't worse than it was.
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์™œ 5์›”์ด ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
03:08
And so as we came out and the mobility numbers got higher,
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์œ ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก
03:14
the models expected more infections and deaths to come out of that,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
and the model kept wanting to say,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
03:22
"But I need to use this seasonality
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์ด ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
03:28
to match why May wasn't worse,
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์™œ 5์›”์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ,
03:30
why June wasn't worse than it was."
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์™œ 6์›”์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
And we see in the Southern Hemisphere,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:39
you know, Brazil,
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
03:41
which is the opposite season,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ฃ .
03:43
now all of South America is having a huge epidemic.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚จ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
South Africa is having a very fast-growing epidemic.
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๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ๋„ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:53
Fortunately, Australia and New Zealand,
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์™€ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š”
03:55
the last countries in the Southern Hemisphere,
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๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ ๋๋‹จ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ธ๋ฐ
03:57
are at really tiny case counts,
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ํ™•์ง„์ž ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
and so although they have to keep knocking it down,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™•์ง„์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์ค„์—ฌ๋‚˜๊ฐ์—๋„,
04:03
they're talking about, "Oh, we have 10 cases,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ . "10๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์™”์–ด.
04:05
that's a big deal, let's go get rid of that."
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์ด๊ฑด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์•ผ. ์–ด์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ด."
04:09
So they're one of these amazing countries that got the numbers so low
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™•์ง„์ž์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
that test, quarantine and trace
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๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ๊ฒ€์—ญ, ์ถ”์  ๋“ฑ์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:18
is working to get them, keep them at very near zero.
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0์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์ค„์—ฌ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:23
CA: Aided perhaps a bit by being easier to isolate
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CA: ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ
04:26
and by less density, less population density.
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๋‚ฎ์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋“ฑ๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
But nonetheless, smart policies down there.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค ๋•๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:32
BG: Yeah, everything is so exponential
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BG: ๋„ค, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:33
that a little bit of good work goes a long way.
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์•„์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ์Šต๊ด€๋“ค์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
It's not a linear game.
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์„ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
04:38
You know, contact tracing, if you have the number of cases we have in the US,
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์ ‘์ด‰์ž ์ถ”์ ์€, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ ํ™•์ง„์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
04:43
it's super important to do,
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
04:45
but it won't get you back down to zero.
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ํ™•์ง„์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 0์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
It'll help you be down,
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์‹ค๋ง์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
04:49
but it's too overwhelming.
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ํ™•์ง„์ž ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
04:53
CA: OK, so in May and June in the US,
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CA: 5์›”๊ณผ 6์›”์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:56
the numbers were slightly better than some of the models predicted,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‚˜์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:59
and it's hypothesized that that might be partly because of the warmer weather.
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๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๋‚ ์”จ ๋•๋ถ„์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ์—
05:03
Now we're seeing, really, would you describe it
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05:05
as really quite alarming upticks in case rates in the US?
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ™•์ง„์ž ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
05:11
BG: That's right, it's --
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BG: ๋„ค ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
In, say, the New York area,
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๋‰ด์š• ์ง€์—ญ๋งŒ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
05:17
the cases continue to go down somewhat,
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ํ™•์ง„์ž ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:20
but in other parts of the country,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š”
05:22
primarily the South right now,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„œ๋Š”
05:26
you have increases that are offsetting that,
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
and you have testing-positive rates in young people
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์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ์„œ ์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ
05:32
that are actually higher than what we saw even in some of the tougher areas.
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
And so, clearly, younger people have come out of mobility
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ Š์€ ์ธต์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ด๋™์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
more than older people have increased their mobility,
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๋…ธ๋…„์ธต์˜ ์ด๋™์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
05:46
so the age structure is right now very young,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ํ™•์ง„์ž ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
but because of multigenerational households,
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ํ•œ ์ง‘์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:54
people work in nursing care homes,
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์š”์–‘๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
05:56
unfortunately, that will work its way back,
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ 
06:00
both the time lag and the transmission,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ
๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ๋…ธ๋…„์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€
06:03
back up into the elderly,
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06:04
will start to push the death rate back up,
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์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
which, it is down --
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2์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค„์–ด์„œ
06:10
way down from 2,000 to around 500 right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 5๋ฐฑ ๋ช…๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
06:15
CA: And is that partly because there's a three-week lag
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CA: ํ™•์ง„์ž ์ˆ˜์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—
06:18
between case numbers and fatality numbers?
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3์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:21
And also, perhaps, partly because
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
06:24
there have been some effective interventions,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์ž…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:26
and we're actually seeing the possibility
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์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์น˜์‚ฌ์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€
06:29
that the overall fatality rate is actually falling a bit
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹์ด ์Œ“์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?
06:32
now that we've gained some extra knowledge?
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06:34
BG: Yeah, certainly your fatality rate is always lower
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BG: ๋„ค, ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์น˜์‚ฌ์œจ์€ ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
when you're not overloaded.
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ํ™•์ง„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
06:40
And so Italy, when they were overloaded,
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋‚˜
06:43
Spain, even New York at the start,
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ,
์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ๊ถํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋‰ด์š•,
06:46
certainly China,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
06:48
there you weren't even able to provide the basics,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์กฐ์ฐจ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:53
the oxygen and things.
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์‚ฐ์†Œํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์š”.
06:56
A study that our foundation funded in the UK
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์ €ํฌ ์žฌ๋‹จ์ด ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
07:00
found the only thing other than remdesivir
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ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์ธ ๋ ˜๋ฐ์‹œ๋น„๋ฅด ์™ธ์—
07:03
that is a proven therapeutic,
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07:06
which is the dexamethasone,
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๋ฑ์‚ฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์†์„
07:08
that for serious patients,
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์ค‘์ฆํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์ž
07:11
is about a 20 percent death reduction,
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์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด 20%๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:15
and there's still quite a pipeline of those things.
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์•„์ง ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
You know, hydroxychloroquine never established positive data,
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ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œํด๋กœ๋กœํ€ธ์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์  ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:23
so that's pretty much done.
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
There's still a few trials ongoing,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ
07:28
but the list of things being tried,
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๋‹จ์ผํด๋ก ํ•ญ์ฒด ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ
07:31
including, eventually, the monoclonal antibodies,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
07:35
we will have some additional tools for the fall.
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๊ฐ€์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ค€๋น„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
And so when you talk about death rates,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:42
the good news is, some innovation we already have,
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:46
and we'll have more, even in the fall.
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๊ฐ€์„์—๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ฃ .
07:49
We should start to have monoclonal antibodies,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผํด๋ก ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
which is the single therapeutic that I'm most excited about.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
CA: I'll actually ask you to tell me a bit more about that in one sec,
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CA: ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๋” ์—ฌ์ญ™๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ์š”.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
but just putting the pieces together on death rates:
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08:03
so in a well-functioning health system,
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์˜๋ฃŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:05
so take the US when places aren't overcrowded,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋งˆ๋น„๊นŒ์ง„ ์˜ค์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
what do you think
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
08:11
the current fatality numbers are, approximately, going forward,
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์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๊ณ„์† ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:14
like as a percentage of total cases?
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์ „์ฒด ํ™•์ง„์ž ์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
08:17
Are we below one percent, perhaps?
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•„๋งˆ 1% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด์ฃ ?
08:20
BG: If you found every case, yes,
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BG: ๋„ค, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฉด
08:23
you're well below one percent.
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1% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
People argue, you know, 0.4, 0.5.
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0.4%์ธ์ง€ 0.5%์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„  ์•„์ง ๋…ผ์Ÿ ์ค‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
08:31
By the time you bring in the never symptomatics,
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์ฆ์ƒ์ด ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ˆ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฉด
08:34
it probably is below 0.5,
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์•„๋งˆ 0.5% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
and that's good news.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด์ฃ .
08:38
This disease could have been a five-percent disease.
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์ด ๋ณ‘์€ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด 5%๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
The transmission dynamics of this disease
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์ด ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ ์—ญํ•™๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š”
08:47
are more difficult than even the experts predicted.
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์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
The amount of presymptomatic and never symptomatic spread
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์ž ๋ณต๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์€
08:58
and the fact that it's not coughing,
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๊ธฐ์นจ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
09:01
where you would kind of notice, "Hey, I'm coughing" --
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"๋‚˜, ๊ธฐ์นจํ•ด." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
most respiratory diseases make you cough.
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ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์นจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
This one, in its early stages, it's not coughing,
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์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์นจ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
it's singing, laughing, talking,
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๋…ธ๋ž˜ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ , ์›ƒ๊ณ , ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋‹ค
09:13
actually, still, particularly for the super-spreaders,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—”, ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์–‘์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์Šˆํผ ์ „ํŒŒ์ž๋“ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€
09:16
people with very high viral loads,
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09:17
causes that spread,
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์ „ํŒŒ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
and that's pretty novel,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ „์— ์—†๋˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
and so even the experts have to say, "Wow, this caught us by surprise."
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ฃ . "์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž๊ตฐ."
09:25
The amount of asymptomatic spread
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๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:27
and the fact that there's not a coughing element
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๊ธฐ์นจ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด
09:30
is not a major piece like the flu or TB.
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๋…๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ต๋“ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ด์—์š”.
09:33
CA: Yeah, that is devilish cunning by the virus.
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CA: ๋„ค. ์•„์ฃผ ๊ตํ™œํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋„ค์š”.
09:36
I mean, how much is that nonsymptomatic transmission
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๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ์€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
09:41
as a percentage of total transmission?
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์ „์ฒด ๊ฐ์—ผ ์ค‘์—์„œ์š”.
09:43
I've heard numbers it could be as much as half of all transmissions
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์ €๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๊ฐ์—ผ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด
09:46
are basically presymptomatic.
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์ž ๋ณต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
BG: Yeah, if you count presymptomatics,
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BG: ๋„ค, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ž ๋ณต๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:52
then most of the studies show that's like at 40 percent,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋“ฏ 40%์— ์œก๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
09:57
and we also have never symptomatics.
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๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:00
The amount of virus you get in your upper respiratory area
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ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋“ค์ด
10:04
is somewhat disconnected.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
10:05
Some people will have a lot here and very little in their lungs,
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ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:08
and what you get in your lungs causes the really bad symptoms --
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ํ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด์ง€๋ฉฐ
10:13
and other organs, but mostly the lungs --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
and so that's when you seek treatment.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ฃ .
10:19
And so the worst case in terms of spreading
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์ „ํŒŒ์—์„œ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋Š”
10:21
is somebody who's got a lot in the upper respiratory tract
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ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:24
but almost none in their lungs,
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ํ์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ธ๋ฐ,
10:26
so they're not care-seeking.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณ‘์›์„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
CA: Right.
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CA: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”.
10:31
And so if you add in the never symptomatic
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ
10:34
to the presymptomatic,
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์ž ๋ณต๊ธฐ์ธ ๋ถ„๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฉด
10:36
do you get above 50 percent of the transmission
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๋Œ€๋žต ๊ฐ์—ผ์˜ 50% ์ด์ƒ์ด
10:38
is actually from nonsymptomatic people?
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๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”?
10:41
BG: Yeah, transmission is harder to measure.
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CA: ๋„ค, ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Š” ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
You know, we see certain hotspots and things,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:48
but that's a huge question with the vaccine:
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํฐ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
10:51
Will it, besides avoiding you getting sick,
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„
10:55
which is what the trial will test,
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์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด
10:57
will it also stop you from being a transmitter?
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์ „ํŒŒ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๊ฑด์ด์ฃ .
11:01
CA: So that vaccine,
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CA: ๊ทธ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”. ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
11:02
it's such an important question, let's come on to that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
11:05
But before we go there,
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
11:06
any other surprises in the last couple months
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11:08
that we've learned about this virus
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11:10
that really impact how we should respond to it?
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์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
11:14
BG: We're still not able to characterize who the super-spreaders are
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BG: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์Šˆํผ ์ „ํŒŒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
11:19
in terms of what that profile is,
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์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ 
11:21
and we may never.
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์˜์›ํžˆ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:23
That may just be quite random.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:25
If you could identify them,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํŠน์ •ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:28
they're responsible for the majority of transmission,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:30
a few people who have very high viral loads.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
But sadly, we haven't figured that out.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ๋„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:38
This mode of transmission,
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ „ํŒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
11:40
if you're in a room and nobody talks,
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์‹ค๋‚ด์— ์žˆ๊ณ , ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:42
there's way less transmission.
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์ „ํŒŒ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
That's partly why, although planes can transmit,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์›€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
11:48
it's less than you would expect just in terms of time proximity measures,
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์™œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
because unlike, say, a choir or a restaurant,
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ํ•ฉ์ฐฝ๋‹จ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
you're not exhaling in loud talking
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
12:03
quite as much as in other indoor environments.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ค๋‚ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์š”.
12:05
CA: Hmm.
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CA: ํ .
12:07
What do you think about the ethics of someone who would go on a plane
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ์˜์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
12:10
and refuse to wear a mask?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
12:11
BG: If they own the plane, that would be fine.
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BG: ์ „์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ„๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:15
If there's other people on the plane,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํƒ”๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:18
that would be endangering those other people.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
CA: Early on in the pandemic,
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CA: ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ์—
12:22
the WHO did not advise that people wear masks.
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WHO๋Š” ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
They were worried about taking them away from frontline medical providers.
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WHO๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ• ๊นŒ๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:33
In retrospect, was that a terrible mistake that they made?
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์™€์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฑด WHO์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”?
12:38
BG: Yes.
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BG: ๋„ค.
12:40
All the experts feel bad that the value of masks --
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
which ties back somewhat to the asymptomatics;
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๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:49
if people were very symptomatic,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์—๋ณผ๋ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:52
like an Ebola,
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12:55
then you know it and you isolate,
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์ธ์ง€ ํ›„ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
and so you don't have a need for a masklike thing.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”์—†์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:03
The value of masks,
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๋งˆ์Šคํฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š”
13:05
the fact that the medical masks was a different supply chain
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์˜ํ•™์šฉ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋งˆ์Šคํฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ
13:09
than the normal masks,
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:12
the fact you could scale up the normal masks so well,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
13:14
the fact that it would stop that presymptomatic,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž ๋ณต๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„
13:18
never symptomatic transmission,
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๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:20
it's a mistake.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
But it's not a conspiracy.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์Œ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
13:25
It's something that, we now know more.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ž˜ ์•Œ์ฃ .
13:29
And even now, our error bars on the benefit of masks
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„, ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ์˜ ํšจ์šฉ์€
13:32
are higher than we'd like to admit,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋†’๊ณ ,
13:33
but it's a significant benefit.
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๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
CA: Alright, I'm going to come in with some questions
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CA: ๋„ค, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
from the community.
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13:42
Let's pull them up there.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋„์›Œ๋ณด์ฃ .
13:44
Jim Pitofsky, "Do you think reopening efforts in the US have been premature,
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์งˆ ํ”ผํ† ์Šคํ‚ค, "๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์žฌ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”,
13:50
and if so, how far should the US go to responsibly confront this pandemic?"
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ด ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ ธ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
13:57
BG: Well, the question of how you make trade-offs
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BG: ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์ง€๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:01
between the benefits, say, of going to school
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ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
versus the risk of people getting sick because they go to school,
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ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„ํ”„๊ฒŒ ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜
14:10
those are very tough questions
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์ด๊ฑด ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
that I don't think any single person can say,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
14:20
"I will tell you how to make all these trade-offs."
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"์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถœ์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ์š”.
14:24
The understanding of where you have transmission,
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์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
14:28
and the fact that young people do get infected
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์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ
14:31
and are part of the multigenerational transmission chain,
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋„
14:35
we should get that out.
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์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
If you just look at the health aspect,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:40
we have opened up too liberally.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž์œ ๋กญ์ฃ .
14:43
Now, opening up in terms of mental health
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด๋‚˜
14:47
and seeking normal health things like vaccines or other care,
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๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด
14:54
there are benefits.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ด๋“์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
I think some of our opening up has created more risk than benefit.
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ œ์žฌ๋Š” ํ’€๋ฉด ์ด๋“๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋” ํฌ๋‹ค ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
Opening the bars up as quickly as they did,
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์ˆ ์ง‘์„ ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
15:05
you know, is that critical for mental health?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฑธ ๊นŒ์š”?
15:07
Maybe not.
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์•„๋งˆ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
15:09
So I don't think we've been as tasteful about opening up
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์žฌ๊ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ˜ธ์˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ 
15:13
as I'm sure, as we study it,
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์ €๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•™์Šตํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
15:19
that we'll realize some things we shouldn't have opened up as fast.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ’€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
But then you have something like school,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—
15:27
where even sitting here today,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
15:30
the exact plan, say, for inner-city schools for the fall,
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์„์— ๋„์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
15:35
I wouldn't have a black-and-white view
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ „ ํ‘๋ฐฑ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋กœ
15:38
on the relative trade-offs involved there.
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์ข‹๊ณ  ๋‚˜์จ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
There are huge benefits to letting those kids go to school,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ด๋“์ธ๋ฐ
15:50
and how do you weigh the risk?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
15:53
If you're in a city without many cases,
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ํ™•์ง„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:57
I would say probably the benefit is there.
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ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
Now that means that you could get surprised.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฑธ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
16:03
The cases could show up, and then you'd have to change that,
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ํ™•์ง„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด์•ผ ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
16:06
which is not easy.
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์‰ฝ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
16:08
But I think around the US,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ
16:10
there will be places where that won't be a good trade-off.
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๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ž˜ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
So almost any dimension of inequity,
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋”๋ผ๋„
16:18
this disease has made worse:
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์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋” ์•ˆ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
16:22
job type, internet connection,
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์ง์—… ์ข…๋ฅ˜, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํ™˜๊ฒฝ,
16:27
ability of your school to do online learning.
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ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
16:31
White-collar workers,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
16:33
people are embarrassed to admit it,
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ํ™”์ดํŠธ ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง๊ตฐ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ
16:35
some of them are more productive
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์žฌํƒ๊ทผ๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด๊ณ 
16:37
and enjoying the flexibility that the at-home thing has created,
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ด๋ผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์œ ์—ฐํ•จ์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
and that feels terrible
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
16:44
when you know lots of people are suffering in many ways,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
16:49
including their kids not going to school.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์— ๋ชป ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ ์š”.
16:52
CA: Indeed. Let's have the next question.
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CA: ๋„ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”. ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
[Nathalie Munyampenda] "For us in Rwanda,
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๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌด๋ƒ ํŽœ๋‹ค, "์ €ํฌ ๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
16:56
early policy interventions have made the difference.
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
At this point, what policy interventions do you suggest for the US now?"
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?"
17:03
Bill, I dream of the day where you are appointed
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ง€๋„์ž๋กœ ์ž„๋ช…๋˜์–ด
17:05
the coronavirus czar
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17:07
with authority to actually speak to the public.
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๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์–ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒํ•œ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:10
What would you do?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
17:13
BG: Well, the innovation tools
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BG: ์ €์™€ ์ œ ์žฌ๋‹จ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€
17:18
are where I and the foundation probably has the most expertise.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
17:23
Clearly, some of the policies on opening up have been too generous,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
but I think everybody
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
17:31
could engage in that.
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์ •์ฑ…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
We need leadership
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
in terms of admitting that we've still got a huge problem here
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
17:43
and not turning that into almost a political thing
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์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋˜์ฃ .
17:47
of, "Oh, isn't it brilliant what we did?"
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์š”.
17:51
No, it's not brilliant,
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๋ฉ‹์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
17:53
but there's many people, including the experts --
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
17:58
there's a lot they didn't understand,
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ 
18:00
and everybody wishes a week earlier whatever action they took,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ๋งŒ ๋” ๋นจ๋ž์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜์ฃ .
18:05
they'd taken that a week earlier.
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ์ฐ ์ทจํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
18:08
The innovation tools,
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค,
18:09
that's where the foundation's work
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:15
on antibodies, vaccines,
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ํ•ญ์ฒด๋“ค, ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๋“ค,
18:19
we have deep expertise,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:20
and it's outside of the private sector,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์ผ์ด๋ผ
18:23
and so we have kind of a neutral ability to work with all the governments
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์ •๋ถ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
18:28
and the companies to pick.
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๊ฐ™์ด ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
18:30
Particularly when you're doing break-even products,
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์†ํ•ด๋„ ์ด์ต๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
18:32
which one should get the resources?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
18:34
There's no market signal for that.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„  ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์ •ํ•ด์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
18:38
Experts have to say, "OK, this antibody deserves the manufacturing.
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ "์ด ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ.
18:42
This vaccine deserves the manufacturing,"
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์ด ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๋„ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ." ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
because we have very limited manufacturing for both of those things,
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ์ž์›์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ•œ์ •์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
18:50
and it'll be cross-company, which never happens in the normal case,
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ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:53
where one company invents it
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด
18:55
and then you're using the manufacturing plants of many companies
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์•ฝํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
18:59
to get maximum scale of the best choice.
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๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณต์žฅ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:03
So I would be coordinating those things,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์œจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
19:06
but we need a leader who keeps us up to date,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ 
19:11
is realistic
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ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ
19:14
and shows us the right behavior,
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์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๋ฆฌ๋”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:16
as well as driving the innovation track.
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ด์™ธ์—๋„์š”.
19:20
CA: I mean, you have to yourself be a master diplomat
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CA: ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์™ธ๊ต๊ด€์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
19:22
in how you talk about this stuff.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
19:24
So I appreciate, almost, the discomfort here.
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๊ทธ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:26
But I mean, you talk regularly with Anthony Fauci,
356
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์•ค์„œ๋‹ˆ ํŒŒ์šฐ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ
19:29
who is a wise voice on this by most people's opinion.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
19:34
But to what extent is he just hamstrung?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
19:36
He's not allowed to play the full role
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๊ทธ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:40
that he could play in this circumstance.
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19:43
BG: Dr. Fauci has emerged where he was allowed to have some airtime,
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BG: ๊ทธ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์ด ํ—ˆ๋ฝ๋ผ์„œ์•ผ ๋‚˜์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
19:48
and even though he was stating things that are realistic,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„
19:52
his prestige has stuck.
363
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
19:54
He can speak out in that way.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
19:56
Typically, the CDC would be the primary voice here.
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๋ณดํ†ต ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ฆฌ์„ผํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:02
It's not absolutely necessary,
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๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
20:04
but in previous health crises,
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์ด์ „ ์œ„ํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”
20:07
you let the experts inside the CDC
368
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์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ฆฌ์„ผํ„ฐ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚ด๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:10
be that voice.
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20:11
They're trained to do these things,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์— ํŠนํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
20:13
and so it is a bit unusual here how much we've had to rely on Fauci
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ธ ํŒŒ์šฐ์น˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:19
as opposed to the CDC.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ฆฌ์„ผํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
20:21
It should be Fauci, who's a brilliant researcher,
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ํŒŒ์šฐ์น˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:25
so experienced, particularly in vaccines.
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20:28
In some ways, he has become, taking the broad advice
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ๋“  ๊ทธ๋ถ„์€ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ
20:33
that's the epidemiology advice
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ํญ๋„“์€ ์ถฉ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
20:36
and explaining it in the right way,
377
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:39
where he'll admit,
378
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๊ทธ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์š”.
20:40
"OK, we may have a rebound here,
379
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ™•์ง„์ž ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
20:44
and this is why we need to behave that way."
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:47
But it's fantastic that his voice has been allowed to come through.
381
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑด ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
20:53
CA: Sometimes.
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CA: ๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ์ด์ฃ .
20:55
Let's have the next question.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
21:01
Nina Gregory, "How are you and your foundation
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๋‹ˆ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์žฌ๋‹จ์ด ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
21:03
addressing the ethical questions about which countries get the vaccine first,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋จผ์ € ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
21:08
assuming you find one?"
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21:10
And maybe, Bill, use this as a moment
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ฏค์—์„œ
21:12
to just talk about where the quest for the vaccine is
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
21:16
and what are just some of the key things we should all be thinking about
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด
21:19
as we track the news on this.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„์š”.
21:22
BG: There's three vaccines that are,
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BG: ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
21:26
if they work, are the earliest:
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ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋จผ์ € ์ ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:28
the Moderna, which unfortunately, won't scale very easily,
393
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๋ชจ๋”๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์–‘์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
21:34
so if that works, it'll be mostly a US-targeted thing;
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
21:38
then you have the AstraZeneca, which comes from Oxford;
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์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ์ œ๋„ค์นด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
21:41
and the Johnson and Johnson.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์กด์Šจ์•ค ์กด์Šจ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:42
Those are the three early ones.
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์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ–‰ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
21:44
And we have animal data
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๋™๋ฌผ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
21:48
that looks potentially good but not definitive,
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์•„์ง ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:54
particularly will it work in the elderly,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋…ธ๋…„์ธต์—๊ฒŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ 
21:56
and we'll have human data over the next several months.
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ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„ ์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:59
Those three will be gated by the safety and efficacy trial.
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3๊ฐœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:05
That is, we'll be able to manufacture those,
403
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณง ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:07
although not as much as we want.
404
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22:10
We'll be able to manufacture those before the end of the year.
405
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์˜ฌํ•ด ์—ฐ๋ง์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
3์ƒ์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
22:13
Whether the Phase 3 will succeed
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22:15
and whether it'll complete before the end of the year,
407
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์˜ฌ ์—ฐ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
22:18
I wouldn't be that optimistic about.
408
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์ „ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ง„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
22:21
Phase 3 is where you need to really look at all the safety profile
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3์ƒ์€ ์•ฝ์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:26
and efficacy,
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22:27
but those will get started.
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๊ณง ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:29
And then there's four or five vaccines that use different approaches
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” 4~5๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
22:33
that are maybe three or four months behind that:
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3~4๊ฐœ์›” ์ •๋„ ๋Šฆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:36
Novavax, Sanofi, Merck.
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๋…ธ๋ฐ”๋ฐ•์Šค, ์‚ฌ๋…ธํ”ผ, ๋ฉ€ํฌ ๋“ฑ์ด์š”.
22:40
And so we're funding factory capacity for a lot of these --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณต์žฅ์— ์ง€์›์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
22:47
some complex negotiations are taking place right now on this --
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์ข€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜‘์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
22:53
to get factories that will be dedicated to the poorer countries,
417
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๋นˆ๊ณค๊ตญ์— ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ณต์žฅ์˜ ๋ฌผํ’ˆ๋“ค์„
22:58
what's called low- and middle-income.
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์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ,
23:01
And the very scalable constructs
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ,
23:04
that include AstraZeneca and Johnson and Johnson,
420
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์•„์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ์ œ๋„ค์นด์™€ ์กด์Šจ์•ค ์กด์Šจ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
23:08
we'll focus on those,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:09
the ones that are inexpensive
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๋ณ„๋กœ ๋น„์‹ธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
23:11
and you can build a single factory to make 600 million doses.
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ํ•œ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ 6์ฒœ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์š”.
23:15
So a number of the vaccine constructs
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๋ฐฑ์‹  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š”
23:19
are potential.
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:21
I don't see anything before the end of the year.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:25
That's really the best case,
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์‹คํŒจ์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
23:27
and it's down to a few constructs now,
428
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ๋“ค์ด
23:30
which, typically, you have high failure rates.
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์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:36
CA: Bill, is it the case
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CA: ๋นŒ, ํ˜น์‹œ
23:37
that if you and your foundation weren't in the picture here
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์žฌ๋‹จ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ตฌ์ƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
23:40
that market dynamics would likely lead to a situation
432
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์‹œ์žฅ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•ด์„œ
23:43
where, as soon as a promising vaccine candidate emerged,
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์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ํ›„๋ณด๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜์ž๋งˆ์ž
23:47
the richer countries would basically snap up, gobble up
434
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ „๋ถ€ ๋‹ค ๋…์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋“ค์—ฌ์„œ
23:50
all available initial supply --
435
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์ตœ์ดˆ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€.
23:52
it just takes a while to manufacture these,
436
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๊ณต์žฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
23:55
and there would be nothing for the poorer countries --
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๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
23:59
but that what, effectively, you're doing
438
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์—์„œ๋Š”
24:01
by giving manufacturing guarantees and capability
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์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ณต์žฅ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ํ›„๋ณด๊ตฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
24:04
to some of these candidates,
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24:06
you're making it possible that at least some of the early vaccine units
441
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ
๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”?
24:13
will go to poorer countries?
442
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24:15
Is that correct?
443
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๋งž๋‚˜์š”?
24:17
BG: Well, it's not just us, but yes,
444
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BG: ๋„ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:18
we're in the central role there,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
24:21
along with a group we created called CEPI, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness,
446
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CEPI๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
24:28
and the European leaders agree with this.
447
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค๋„ ์ด์— ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
24:32
Now we have the expertise to look at each of the constructs
448
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์‚ดํ•„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด
24:35
and say, "OK, where is there a factory in the world
449
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"์ €๊ฑธ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ณต์žฅ์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์ง€?
24:37
that has capacity that can build that?
450
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24:39
Which one should we put the early money into?
451
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์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณณ์€ ์–ด๋””์ง€?
24:42
What should the milestones be
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ
24:43
where we'll shift the money over to a different one?"
453
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๋ˆ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด?" ๋‹ค๋“ค ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
24:47
Because the kind of private sector people
454
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
24:51
who really understand that stuff,
455
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์ด๊ฑธ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
24:53
some of them work for us,
456
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:55
and we're a trusted party on these things,
457
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ 
24:59
we get to coordinate a lot of it, particularly that manufacturing piece.
458
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์œจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:05
Usually, you'd expect the US to think of this as a global problem
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5103
๋ณดํ†ต ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
25:10
and be involved.
460
1510501
1168
25:11
So far, no activity on that front has taken place.
461
1511693
6016
์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ „๋ฉด์— ๋‚˜์„œ์ง„ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
25:17
I am talking to people in the Congress and the Administration
462
1517733
4353
์ €๋Š” ์˜ํšŒ์™€ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
25:22
about when the next relief bill comes along
463
1522110
3362
๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธด๊ธ‰์ง€์›์€ ์–ธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ง€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ตฐ์š”.
25:25
that maybe one percent of that could go for the tools
464
1525496
4773
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ˆ ์ค‘ 1%์ •๋„๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
25:30
to help the entire world.
465
1530293
1930
๋ˆ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”.
25:32
And so it's possible,
466
1532247
2870
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
25:35
but it's unfortunate,
467
1535141
1831
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„
25:36
and the vacuum here,
468
1536996
3200
์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ง„๊ณต ์ง€๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ,
25:40
the world is not that used to,
469
1540220
1468
25:41
and a lot of people are stepping in, including our foundation,
470
1541712
4497
์ €ํฌ ์žฌ๋‹จ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
25:46
to try and have a strategy,
471
1546233
2506
์ „๋žต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:48
including for the poorer countries,
472
1548763
2103
๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
25:50
who will suffer a high percentage of the deaths and negative effects,
473
1550890
6082
๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฉฐ
25:56
including their health systems being overwhelmed.
474
1556996
3233
์˜๋ฃŒ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์˜จ ๊ณณ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:00
Most of the deaths will be in developing countries,
475
1560253
2581
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:02
despite the huge deaths we've seen in Europe and the US.
476
1562858
3716
๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹คํ•ด๋„์š”.
26:07
CA: I mean, I wish I could be a fly on the wall
477
1567193
2263
CA: ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ตฐ์š”.
26:09
and hearing you and Melinda talk about this,
478
1569480
2289
26:11
because of all of the ethical ... "crimes," let's say,
479
1571793
5465
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ...
๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด "๋ฒ”์ฃ„"๋“ค์ด..
26:17
executed by leaders who should know better,
480
1577282
3824
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์žํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
26:21
I mean, it's one thing to not model mask-wearing,
481
1581130
4280
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
26:25
but to not play a role in helping the world
482
1585434
6221
๊ณต๋™์˜ ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋„์šฐ๋ ค๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
26:31
when faced with a common enemy,
483
1591679
1831
26:33
respond as one humanity,
484
1593534
1976
ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋กœ์„œ์š”.
26:35
and instead ...
485
1595534
1226
๋Œ€์‹ ...
26:38
you know, catalyze a really unseemly scramble between nations
486
1598040
4777
๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์น˜์—ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:42
to fight for vaccines, for example.
487
1602841
2459
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ ์š”.
26:45
That just seems -- surely, history is going to judge that harshly.
488
1605324
5855
๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ ๋ž„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
26:51
That is just sickening.
489
1611203
3119
์ •๋ง ์ง€๊ธ‹์ง€๊ธ‹ํ•ด์š”.
26:54
Isn't it? Am I missing something?
490
1614798
1998
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
26:56
BG: Well, it's not quite as black-and-white as that.
491
1616820
5357
BG: ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ‘๋ฐฑ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:02
The US has put more money out
492
1622201
2632
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์Ÿ์•„๋ถ€์–ด
27:04
to fund the basic research on these vaccines
493
1624857
3433
๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:08
than any country by far,
494
1628314
2644
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„์š”.
27:10
and that research is not restricted.
495
1630982
2679
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
27:13
There's not, like, some royalty that says, "Hey, if you take our money,
496
1633685
3629
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
27:17
you have to pay the US a royalty."
497
1637338
2072
27:19
They do, to the degree they fund research,
498
1639434
2925
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋Œ”๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
27:22
it's for everybody.
499
1642383
1184
27:23
To the degree they fund factories, it's just for the US.
500
1643591
2686
๊ณต์žฅ ์ž๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด๋งŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๊ฑด ์˜ค์ง ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
27:26
The thing that makes this tough is that in every other global health problem,
501
1646301
4501
๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:30
the US totally leads smallpox eradication,
502
1650826
3087
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘ ๊ทผ์ ˆ์— ์•ž์žฅ์„ฐ๊ณ 
27:33
the US is totally the leader on polio eradication,
503
1653937
4832
์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๊ทผ์ ˆ์—๋„ ์•ž์žฅ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:38
with key partners -- CDC, WHO, Rotary, UNICEF, our foundation.
504
1658793
6098
์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ฆฌ์„ผํ„ฐ, WHO, ๋กœํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ํด๋Ÿฝ, UNICEF, ์ €ํฌ ์žฌ๋‹จ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜์š”.
27:44
So the world -- and on HIV,
505
1664915
3159
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—์ด์ฆˆ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
27:48
under President Bush's leadership, but it was very bipartisan,
506
1668098
4770
๋ถ€์‹œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ์•„๋ž˜์— ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
27:52
this thing called PEPFAR was unbelievable.
507
1672892
2993
PEPFAR์˜ ํ™œ๋™์€ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„์˜€์ฃ .
27:55
That has saved tens of millions of lives.
508
1675909
2709
๋ช‡ ์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:58
And so it's that the world always expected the US
509
1678642
4272
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:02
to at least be at the head of the table,
510
1682938
2003
์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋ผ๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
28:04
financially, strategy, OK, how do you get these factories for the world,
511
1684965
5732
์žฌ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ๋“ , ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ๋“ , ์ด ๊ณต์žฅ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
28:10
even if it's just to avoid the infection coming back to the US
512
1690721
3979
๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ํ”ผํ•ด์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ์ง€๋ผ๋„
28:14
or to have the global economy working,
513
1694724
1872
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋„ ํ•˜๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ฃ .
28:16
which is good for US jobs
514
1696620
1990
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด
28:18
to have demand outside the US.
515
1698634
3332
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์—์„œ๋„ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
28:21
And so the world is kind of --
516
1701990
1880
์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜
28:23
you know, there's all this uncertainty about which thing will work,
517
1703894
3182
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€๋ฐ
28:27
and there's this, "OK, who's in charge here?"
518
1707100
3913
"๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์ด์ง€์š”?" ์ด๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
28:31
And so the worst thing, the withdrawal from WHO,
519
1711037
4454
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ WHO์—์„œ ๋น ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:35
that is a difficulty that hopefully will get remedied
520
1715515
6773
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด..
ํฌ๋ง์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
28:42
at some point,
521
1722312
1583
28:43
because we need that coordination
522
1723919
3001
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” WHO์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:46
through WHO.
523
1726944
1511
28:49
CA: Let's take another question.
524
1729488
2378
CA: ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:55
Ali Kashani, "Are there any particularly successful models
525
1735661
3176
์•Œ๋ฆฌ ์นด์ƒค๋‹ˆ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ์ค‘ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
28:58
of handling the pandemic that you have seen around the world?"
526
1738861
3012
29:03
BG: Well, it's fascinating that, besides early action,
527
1743540
4488
BG: ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์–‘์„ฑ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
29:08
there are definitely things where you take people who have tested positive
528
1748052
3602
๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
29:11
and you monitor their pulse ox,
529
1751678
3380
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œํฌํ™”๋„ ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
29:15
which is the oxygen saturation level in their blood,
530
1755082
3161
ํ”ผ ์†์— ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
29:18
which is a very cheap detector,
531
1758267
1596
๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ €๋ ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:19
and then you know to get them to the hospitals fairly early.
532
1759887
3438
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋ณ‘์›์— ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:23
Weirdly, patients don't know things are about to get severe.
533
1763349
6895
์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์œ„์ค‘ํ•œ ์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
29:30
It's an interesting physiological reason that I won't get into.
534
1770268
4263
์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ด์œ ์ฃ .
29:34
And so Germany has quite a low case fatality rate
535
1774555
5022
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋…์ผ์˜ ์น˜์‚ฌ์œจ์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€๋ฐ
29:39
that they've done through that type of monitoring.
536
1779601
2946
์‚ฐ์†Œํฌํ™”๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:42
And then, of course, once you get into facilities,
537
1782571
2959
๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ณ‘์›์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
29:45
we've learned that the ventilator, actually, although extremely well-meaning,
538
1785554
5143
์ธ๊ณต ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ธ๋ฐ
29:50
was actually overused and used in the wrong mode
539
1790721
4346
์˜ค๋‚จ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋์–ด์š”.
29:55
in those early days.
540
1795091
1244
์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ .
29:56
So the health -- the doctors are way smarter about treatment today.
541
1796359
6558
์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜์ฃ .
30:02
Most of that, I would say, is global.
542
1802941
2352
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
30:05
Using this pulse ox as an early indicator,
543
1805317
2270
์ด ์‚ฐ์†Œํฌํ™”๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
30:07
that'll probably catch on broadly,
544
1807611
1680
30:09
but Germany was a pioneer there.
545
1809315
2627
๋…์ผ์ด ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž์˜€์ฃ .
30:11
And now, of course, dexamethasone -- fortunately, it's cheap, it's oral,
546
1811966
6106
์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์‹ธ๊ณ  ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐํƒ€๋ฉ•ํƒ€์†์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์•ฝ์„
30:18
we can ramp up manufacture.
547
1818096
1656
๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
30:19
That'll go global as well.
548
1819776
2951
์ด ์•ฝ๋„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
30:25
CA: Bill, I want to ask you something about
549
1825061
3789
CA: ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ตฐ์š”.
30:28
what it's been like for you personally through this whole process.
550
1828874
3155
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์š”.
30:32
Because, weirdly, even though your passion and good intent on this topic
551
1832053
6017
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์—ด์ •๊ณผ ์ข‹์€ ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„
30:38
seems completely bloody obvious to anyone who has spent a moment with you,
552
1838094
5610
๋‹น์‹ ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์•…์˜๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ด
30:43
there are these crazy conspiracy theories out there about you.
553
1843728
4043
๋‹น์‹ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์นœ ์Œ๋ชจ๋ก ์ด ๋‚˜๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
30:47
I just checked in with a company called Zignal
554
1847795
2874
์ €๋Š” SNS๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ทธ๋„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
30:50
that monitors social media spaces.
555
1850693
2389
30:53
They say that, to date, I think on Facebook alone,
556
1853106
4179
์ง€๊ทธ๋„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ๋งŒ
30:57
more than four million posts have taken place
557
1857309
4174
๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์Œ๋ชจ๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
31:01
that associate you with some kind of conspiracy theory around the virus.
558
1861507
5202
400๋งŒ๊ฑด ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
31:07
I read that there was a poll that more than 40 percent of Republicans
559
1867133
5961
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ 40%์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์›๋“ค์ด
31:13
believe that the vaccine that you would roll out
560
1873118
3807
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด
31:16
would somehow plant a microchip in people to track their location.
561
1876949
4996
๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์นฉ์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด ์œ„์น˜์ถ”์ ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
31:21
I mean, I can't even believe that poll number.
562
1881969
4502
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
31:27
And then some people are taking this seriously enough,
563
1887376
3073
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฑธ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์„œ
31:30
and some of them have even been recirculated on "Fox News" and so forth,
564
1890473
4675
"ํญ์Šค๋‰ด์Šค"์— ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
31:35
some people are taking this seriously enough
565
1895172
2257
์ด๊ฑธ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
31:37
to make really quite horrible threats and so forth.
566
1897453
4253
์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
31:41
You seem to do a good job sort of shrugging this off,
567
1901730
3774
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ž˜ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
31:45
but really, like, who else has ever been in this position?
568
1905528
3414
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†”์งํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
31:48
How are you managing this?
569
1908966
2105
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
31:51
What on earth world are we in
570
1911095
2987
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€
31:54
that this kind of misinformation can be out there?
571
1914106
2372
๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ ?
31:56
What can we do to help correct it?
572
1916502
1751
๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก์œผ๋ฉด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
31:59
BG: I'm not sure.
573
1919856
3245
BG: ์ „ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
32:04
And it's a new thing
574
1924539
2392
์ €๋„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์•Œ์•˜๋„ค์š”.
32:08
that there's conspiracy theories.
575
1928380
3023
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์Œ๋ชจ๋ก ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„์š”.
32:11
I mean, Microsoft had its share of controversy,
576
1931427
2490
๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ ์€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
32:13
but at least that related to the real world, you know?
577
1933941
2933
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ ?
32:16
Did Windows crash more than it should?
578
1936898
3637
์œˆ๋„์šฐ๊ฐ€ ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋“ ๊ฐ€?
32:20
We definitely had antitrust problems.
579
1940559
1840
์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋…์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์žˆ์ฃ .
32:22
But at least I knew what that was.
580
1942423
2879
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ „ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
32:25
When this emerged, I have to say,
581
1945326
1916
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ „ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
32:27
my instinct was to joke about it.
582
1947266
4177
๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋†๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ € ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:31
People have said that's really inappropriate,
583
1951467
2386
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
32:33
because this is a very serious thing.
584
1953877
2777
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฑด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—.
32:37
It is going to make people less willing to take a vaccine.
585
1957270
4865
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋งž๊ธฐ ๊บผ๋ คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
32:42
And, of course, once we have that vaccine,
586
1962159
2953
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
32:45
it'll be like masks,
587
1965136
1772
๋งˆ์Šคํฌ ๊ฐ™๊ฒ ์ฃ .
32:46
where getting lots of people,
588
1966932
2661
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ
32:49
particularly when it's a transmission-blocking vaccine,
589
1969617
3349
ํŠนํžˆ ์ „์—ผ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
32:52
there's this huge community benefit
590
1972990
2583
๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
32:55
to widespread adoption of that vaccine.
591
1975597
5314
์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ์ด๋“์ด์ฃ .
33:00
So I am caught a little bit,
592
1980935
3283
์ €๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฉ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
33:04
unsure of what to say or do,
593
1984242
2458
๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž๊ณ 
33:06
because the conspiracy piece is a new thing for me,
594
1986724
3460
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์Œ๋ชจ๋ก ์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์›Œ์„œ
33:11
and what do you say
595
1991287
3566
๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
33:14
that doesn't give credence to the thing?
596
1994877
4503
์‹ ๋น™์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
33:19
The fact that a "Fox News" commentator, Laura Ingraham,
597
1999404
5051
"ํญ์Šค ๋‰ด์Šค"์˜ ์•„๋‚˜์šด์„œ, ๋กœ๋ผ ์ž‰๊ทธ๋ผํ•จ์ด
33:24
was saying this stuff about me microchipping people,
598
2004479
2462
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์นฉ์„ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
33:26
that survey isn't that surprising because that's what they heard
599
2006965
3701
์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒŒ
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด TV์—์„œ ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
33:30
on the TV.
600
2010690
2195
33:33
It's wild.
601
2013418
1985
์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
33:35
And people are clearly seeking simpler explanations
602
2015427
3293
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
33:38
than going and studying virology.
603
2018744
2968
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
33:43
CA: I mean,
604
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CA: ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์”€์€
33:45
TED is nonpolitical,
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TED๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:46
but we believe in the truth.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์š”.
33:49
I would say this:
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:52
Laura Ingraham, you owe Bill Gates an apology and a retraction.
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๋กœ๋ผ ์ž‰๊ทธ๋ผํ•จ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋นŒ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์–ธ์„ ์ฒ ํšŒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
33:56
You do.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:57
And anyone who's watching this
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ
33:58
who thinks for a minute that this man is involved in some kind of conspiracy,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์Œ๋ชจ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ž ๊น์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
34:03
you want your head examined.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:05
You are crazy.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
34:06
Enough of us know Bill over many years
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋นŒ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ ๊ฐ€
34:09
and have seen the passion and engagement in this to know
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์—ด์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
34:12
that you are crazy.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
34:14
So get over it,
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์ด์ œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
34:15
and let's look at the actual problem of solving this pandemic.
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์ด ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์„ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
34:19
Honestly.
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์†”์งํžˆ์š”.
34:20
If anyone in the chat here has a suggestion,
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ฑ„ํŒ…์ฐฝ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์—
34:22
a positive suggestion for how you can,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฑธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
์Œ๋ชจ๋ก ์„ ์—†์•จ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
34:25
how do you get rid of conspiracies,
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34:27
because they feed on each other.
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์Œ๋ชจ๋ก ์ž๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋œฏ์–ด์š”.
34:29
Now, "Oh, well I would say that, because I'm part of the conspiracy,"
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"์•„, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ์•„๋Š”๋ฐ."
34:33
or whatever.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
34:34
Like, how do we get back to a world
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”.
34:39
where information can be trusted?
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์ •๋ณด๋“ค์ด ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋กœ์š”.
34:40
We have to do better on it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ž˜ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:42
Are there any other questions out there from the community?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
34:50
Aria Bendix from New York City:
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๋‰ด์š•์˜ ์•„๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฒค๋ฑ์Šค:
34:52
"What are your personal recommendations for those who want to reduce
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"ํ™•์ง„์ž ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
34:55
their risk of infection amid an uptick in cases?"
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ถฉ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?"
35:00
BG: Well, it's great if you have a job
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BG: ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”. ์ง‘์—์„œ๋„ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ณ 
35:03
that you can stay at your house and do it through digital meetings,
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฏธํŒ…์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ 
35:10
and even some of your social activities,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ฃ .
35:14
you know, I do video calls with lots of friends.
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์ €๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ™”์ƒ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:18
I have friends in Europe that, who knows when I'll see them,
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์–ธ์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณผ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
35:21
but we schedule regular calls to talk.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ ค๊ณ  ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
35:26
If you stay fairly isolated,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ๋ฉด
35:31
you don't run much risk,
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๋ณ„๋กœ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
35:35
and it's when you're getting together with lots of other people,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
35:40
either through work or socialization,
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์ผ์ด๋“  ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ™œ๋™์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—,
35:42
that drives that risk,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์ฃ .
35:45
and particularly in these communities where you have increased cases,
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ํŠนํžˆ ํ™•์ง„์ž ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด์š”.
35:51
even though it's not going to be mandated,
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์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„์š”.
35:54
hopefully, the mobility numbers will show people responding
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š”
35:58
and minimizing those kind of out-of-the-house contacts.
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๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:05
CA: Bill, I wonder if I could just ask you
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CA: ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž์„ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ด์ง ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ์š”.
36:07
just a little bit about philanthropy.
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36:08
Obviously, your foundation has played a huge role in this,
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๋ถ„๋ช… ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์žฌ๋‹จ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
36:12
but philanthropy more generally.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์„ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์ฃ .
36:15
You know, you've started this Giving Pledge movement,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ ์„ ์–ธ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
36:19
recruited all these billionaires
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๋ชจ๋“  ์–ต๋งŒ์žฅ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
36:21
who have pledged to give away half their net worth
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์ฃฝ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์žฌ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„
36:27
before or after their death.
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๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
36:29
But it's really hard to do.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:30
It's really hard to give away that much money.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ž€ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด์š”.
36:33
You yourself, I think,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๋‹น์‹  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ
36:34
since The Giving Pledge was started --
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๊ธฐ๋ถ€์„ ์–ธ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ--
36:36
what? 10 years ago or something, I'm not sure when --
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10๋…„ ์ „์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ--
36:39
but your own net worth, I think, has doubled since that period
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ˆœ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”.
36:43
despite being the world's leading philanthropist.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ ์šด๋™์˜ ์„ ๋‘์ฃผ์ž์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ๋„์š”.
36:46
Is it just fundamentally hard to give away money effectively
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
36:52
to make the world better?
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
36:54
Or should the world's donors,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์ด
36:59
and especially the world's really rich donors,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ถ€์ž์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์ด
37:01
start to almost commit to a schedule,
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์ „๋…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”.
37:03
like, "Here's a percentage of my net worth each year
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋งค๋…„ ์ €์˜ ์ˆœ ์ž์‚ฐ์•ก์ด
37:07
that, as I get older,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ํ…๋ฐ
37:08
maybe that goes up.
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37:10
If I'm to take this seriously,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
37:12
I have to give away -- somehow, I've got to find a way
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
37:15
of doing that effectively."
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37:16
Is that an unfair and crazy question?
674
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์นœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
37:19
BG: Well, it'd be great to up the rate,
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BG: ๋น„์œจ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
37:22
and our goal, both as the Gates Foundation or through The Giving Pledge,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ  ์žฌ๋‹จ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ ์„ ์–ธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€
37:28
is to help people find causes they connect to.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
37:31
People give through passion.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ด์ •์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ์š”.
37:34
Yes, numbers are important,
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ์•ก๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:36
but there's so many causes out there.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:39
The way you're going to pick is you see somebody who's sick,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”ˆ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋•๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
37:42
you see somebody who's not getting social services.
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3002
๋ณต์ง€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
37:45
You see something that helps reduce racism.
683
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2863
์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:48
And you're very passionate, and so you give to that.
684
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3118
๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์—ด์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
37:51
And, of course,
685
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1201
๋ฌผ๋ก ,
37:52
some philanthropic gifts won't work out.
686
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2100
์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๊ธˆ์€ ์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:54
We do need to up the ambition level of philanthropists.
687
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5558
๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:00
Now, collaborative philanthropy
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1583
ํ˜‘๋™์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
38:02
that you're helping to facilitate through Audacious,
689
2282111
4068
๋‹น์‹ ๋„ "๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ"๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด
38:06
there's four or five other groups that are getting philanthropists together,
690
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3609
4~5๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:09
that is fantastic,
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1195
์ด๊ฑด ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
38:11
because then they learn from each other,
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3152
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉฐ
38:14
they get confidence from each other,
693
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2148
์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
38:16
they feel like, "Hey, I put in x, and the four other people put money in,
694
2296403
4566
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์ด๋ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ x๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 4๋ช…์ด ๋ˆ์„ ์ž…๊ธˆํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
38:20
so I'm getting more impact,"
695
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3384
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€."
38:24
and hopefully, it can be made fun for them even when they find out,
696
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4427
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ์ฆ๊ฒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ์ž˜ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
38:28
OK, that particular gift didn't work out that well,
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2428
38:31
but let's keep going.
698
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ฃ .
38:34
So philanthropy, yes,
699
2314206
1996
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ž์„ ํ™œ๋™์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”.
38:36
I would like to see the rate go up,
700
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2671
์ €๋Š” ์ž์„ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์กŒ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๊ณ 
38:38
and people who do get going,
701
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3081
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
38:42
it is fun,
702
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1190
์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›Œ์š”.
38:43
it's fulfilling,
703
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2151
์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ฃ .
38:45
you pick which of the family members are partnered in doing it.
704
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4108
๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:49
In my case, Melinda and I love doing this stuff together,
705
2329547
3239
์ € ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฐ๋‹ค์™€ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ 
38:52
learning together.
706
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1167
ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:54
Some families, it will even involve the kids in the activities.
707
2334001
4815
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค๋„ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:58
Sometimes the kids are pushing.
708
2338840
1739
์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
39:00
When you have lots of money,
709
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2823
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„
39:03
you still think of a million dollars as a lot of money,
710
2343450
3433
100๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
39:06
but if you have billions,
711
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1862
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด 10์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
39:08
you should be giving hundreds of millions.
712
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2132
1์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:10
So it's kind of charming that, in terms of your personal expenditure,
713
2350949
4272
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ถœํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„
39:15
you stay at the level you were at before.
714
2355245
2019
์˜ˆ์ „ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:17
That's societally quite appropriate.
715
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2686
์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:19
But on your giving, you need to scale up
716
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3173
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:23
or else it will be your will,
717
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
39:28
and you won't get to shape it and enjoy it quite that same way.
718
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ตณ์ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ์ „๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
39:33
And so without --
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„
39:34
we don't want to mandate it,
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1778
๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
39:36
but yes, both you and I want to inspire philanthropists
721
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋งž์•„์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ์ € ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ฃ .
39:40
to see that passion, to see those opportunities
722
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๊ทธ ์—ด์ •์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
39:44
significantly faster than in the past,
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
39:47
because whether it's race or disease, or all the other social ills,
724
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด๋“ ์ง€, ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๋“ ์ง€, ํ˜น์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด๋“ ์ง€๊ฐ„์—
39:52
the innovation of what philanthropy can go to and do quickly
725
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4506
๊ธฐ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜๋ช…์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:57
that, if it works, government can come in behind it and scale it up,
726
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3241
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ •๋ถ€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ํŒ์ด ์ปค์ง€์ฃ .
40:00
God knows we need solutions,
727
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2184
์‹ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:02
we need that kind of hope and progress
728
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํฌ๋ง๊ณผ ์ง„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
40:06
that expectations are high
729
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์ด ๋†’์•„์„œ
40:10
that will solve very tough problems.
730
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2744
ํž˜๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋„ ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
40:13
CA: I mean, most philanthropists, even the best of them,
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CA: ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ณต์ง€๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„
40:17
find it hard to give away more than about a percent of their net worth every year,
732
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4268
๋งค๋…„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ 1% ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:21
and yet the world's richest often have access
733
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์ž์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ํˆฌ์žํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ํ•˜์ฃ .
40:25
to great investment opportunities.
734
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1662
40:27
Many of them are gaining wealth at seven to 10 percent plus per year.
735
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3906
๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค๋…„ 7~10%์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:31
Isn't it the case that to have a real chance
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2225
์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ผ ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
40:33
of giving away half your fortune,
737
2433761
1726
40:35
at some point you have to plan to give away five, six, seven, eight,
738
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๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
๋งค๋…„ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ 5,6,7,8,10%๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
40:39
10 percent of your net worth annually?
739
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40:42
And that is, isn't that the logic of what should be happening?
740
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
40:46
BG: Yeah, there are people like Chuck Feeney,
741
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BG: ๋„ค. ์ฒ™ ํ”ผ๋‹ˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
40:49
who set a good example and gave away all of his money.
742
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์ „ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:56
Even Melinda and I are talking about, should we up the rate that we give at?
743
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5400
๋ฉ€๋ฆฐ๋‹ค์™€ ์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์˜๋…ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
41:01
As you say, we've been very lucky on the investment side
744
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๋ง์”€์ฃผ์…จ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•˜์ฃ .
41:05
through a variety of things.
745
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1398
๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„์š”.
41:07
Tech fortunes in general have done well,
746
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–‰์šด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
41:11
even this year,
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์˜ฌํ•ด๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”.
41:13
which is one of those great contrasts
748
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š”
41:18
in what's going on in the world.
749
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๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
41:21
And I do think there's an expectation that we should speed up,
750
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4677
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
41:26
and there's a reason to speed up,
751
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
41:29
and government is going to miss a lot of needs.
752
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3656
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
41:32
Yes, there's tons of government money out there,
753
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์˜ˆ, ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:35
but helping it be spent well,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž˜ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
41:37
helping find places it's not stepping up,
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ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณณ์— ๋ˆ์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
41:40
and if people are willing to give to the developing world,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
41:45
they don't have governments
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ GDP์˜ 15%๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:47
that can print checks for 15 percent of GDP,
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41:51
and so the suffering there broadly, just the economic stuff alone,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ฃ .
41:55
put aside the pandemic,
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ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„์š”.
41:58
is tragic.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋น„๊ทน์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:59
It's about a five-year setback
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ 5๋…„์€ ํ‡ด๋ณด์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:02
in terms of these countries moving forward,
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42:05
and in a few cases, it's tough enough that the very stability of the country
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋’คํ”๋“ค ์œ„ํ—˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
42:09
is in question.
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42:12
CA: Well, Bill,
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CA: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”.
42:13
I'm in awe of what you and Melinda have done.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‚ธ ์ผ์— ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:18
You walk this narrow path
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๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์€ ์ข์€ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑธ์œผ๋ฉฐ
42:22
of trying to juggle so many different things,
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๋“ค์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ 
42:26
and the amount of time that you dedicate to the betterment of the world at large,
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
42:32
and definitely the amount of money
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ๋„ ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
42:34
and the amount of passion you put into it --
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์Ÿ์•„๋ถ€์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์—ด์ •์—
42:36
I mean, it's pretty awesome,
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์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:37
and I'm really grateful to you for spending this time with us now.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
42:42
Thank you so much,
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:44
and honestly, the rest of this year,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†”์งํžˆ ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋‚จ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
42:45
your skills and resources are going to be needed more than ever,
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ž์›์ด ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
42:48
so good luck.
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ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋นŒ์–ด์š”.
42:50
BG: Well, thanks.
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BG: ๋„ค, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:51
It's fun work and I'm optimistic, so thanks, Chris.
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜€๊ณ , ์ „ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ด์—์š”. ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”. ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค์”จ
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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