A Mysterious Design That Appears Across Millennia | Terry Moore | TED

2,578,625 views ใƒป 2023-08-16

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: ุฃูƒุฑู… ุฑูˆู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Hani Eldalees
00:04
This is Roger Penrose.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุฑูˆุฌุฑ ุจู†ุฑูˆุฒ.
00:05
Certainly one of the great scientists of our time,
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ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุนุธู… ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุนุตุฑุŒ
00:08
winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics
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ูุงุฒ ุจุฌุงุฆุฒุฉ ู†ูˆุจู„ ู„ู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก ู„ุนุงู… 2020
00:12
for his work reconciling black holes
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ู„ุนู…ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู‘ูˆููŠู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุซู‘ู‚ูˆุจ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงุก
00:14
with Einstein's general theory of relativity.
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ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู†ู‘ุธุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‘ุณุจูŠู‘ุฉ ู„ุขู†ุดุชุงูŠู†.
00:18
But back in the 1970s,
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ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณุจุนูŠู†ูŠู‘ุงุชุŒ
00:20
Roger Penrose made a contribution to the world of mathematics
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ู‚ุฏู‘ู… ุฑูˆุฌุฑ ุจู†ุฑูˆุฒ ู…ุณุงู‡ู…ุฉู‹ ู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุฑู‘ูŠุงุถูŠู‘ุงุช
00:23
and that part of mathematics known as tiling.
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ูˆู„ู…ุฌุงู„ู ููŠู‡ุง ูŠุฏุนู‰ โ€œุงู„ุชู‘ุจู„ูŠุทโ€
00:27
You know, tiling, the process of putting tiles together
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ูˆุงู„ุชู‘ุจูŠู„ุท ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ
ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุจู„ุงุท ุจุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ
00:31
so that they form a particular pattern.
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ู„ุชุดูƒู‘ู„ ู†ู…ุทุงู‹ ู…ูˆุญู‘ุฏุงู‹.
00:34
The thing that was remarkable
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ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุฆูŠู‘ุงู‹
00:35
about the pattern that Roger Penrose developed
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ุจุดุฃู† ุงู„ู†ู‘ู…ุท ุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠ ุทูˆู‘ุฑู‡ ุฑูˆุฌุฑ ุจู†ุฑูˆุฒ
00:38
is that by using only two shapes,
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ู‡ูˆ ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ุจุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ู‡ ุดูƒู„ูŠู† ูู‚ุท
00:41
he constructed a pattern that could be expanded infinitely in any direction
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ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏ ุตู…ู‘ู… ู†ู…ุทุงู‹ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุชูˆุณู‘ุน ููŠ ุฃูŠู‘ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
00:46
without ever repeating.
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ูˆุจุฏูˆู† ุฃูŠู‘ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑู.
00:49
Much like the number pi has a decimal that isnโ€™t random,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดุจูŠู‡ูŒ ุจุงู„ุซู‘ุงุจุช ุจุงูŠ (ุท) ุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุฌุฒุกูŒ ุนุดุฑูŠูŒู‘ ุบูŠุฑ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠูู‘.
00:53
but it will go on forever without repeating.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‘ู‡ ูŠุณุชู…ุฑู‘ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ุชูƒุฑุงุฑู.
00:57
In mathematics, this is a property known as aperiodicity
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‘ูŠุงุถูŠู‘ุงุชุŒ ุชุณู…ู‘ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠู‘ุฉ ุจุงู„ู‘ู„ุงุฏูˆุฑูŠู‘ุฉ
01:01
and the notion of an aperiodic tile set using only two tiles was such a sensation,
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ูˆู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุชุจู„ูŠุทู ุบูŠุฑ ุฏูˆุฑูŠูู‘ ุจุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„
ุดูƒู„ูŠู† ูู‚ุท ูƒุงู† ุซูˆุฑูŠู‘ุงู‹ ุญูŠู†ู‡ุง.
01:07
it was given the name Penrose tiling.
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ูˆุฃุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุชุจู„ูŠุท ุจู†ุฑูˆุฒ.
01:10
Here's Roger Penrose,
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ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฑูˆุฌุฑ ุจู†ุฑูˆุฒุŒ
01:11
now Sir Roger Penrose,
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ูˆุงู„ุณูŠู‘ุฏ ุฑูˆุฌุฑ ุจู†ุฑูˆุฒุŒ
01:13
standing on a field of Penrose tiles.
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ูŠู‚ู ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุถูŠู‘ุฉู ู…ู† ุจู„ุงุท ุจู†ุฑูˆุฒ.
01:16
Then in 2007, this man, Peter Lu,
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ูˆููŠ ุนุงู… 2007ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‘ุฌู„ุŒ ุจูŠุชุฑ ู„ูˆ
01:21
who was then a graduate student in physics at Princeton,
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ุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ุทุงู„ุจุงู‹ ู…ุชุฎุฑู‘ุฌุงู‹ ููŠ ุงุฎุชุตุงุต ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก ููŠ โ€œุจุฑูŠู†ุณุชูˆู†โ€ุŒ
01:25
while on vacation with his cousin in Uzbekistan,
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ูˆููŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนุทู„ุฉู ู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุงุจู† ุนู…ู‘ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูˆุฒุจูƒุณุชุงู†ุŒ
01:29
discovered this pattern on a 14th century madrassa.
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ุงูƒุชุดู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‘ู…ุท ููŠ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉู ุชุนูˆุฏ ู„ู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุนุดุฑ.
01:34
And after some analysis,
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจู‘ุญุซุŒ
01:36
concluded that this was, in fact, Penrose tiling
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ุงุณุชู†ุชุฌ ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุจู„ุงุท ุจู†ุฑูˆุฒ
01:40
500 years before Penrose.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุตูู…ูู‘ู… ู‚ุจู„ 500 ุณู†ุฉู ู…ู† ู…ูŠู„ุงุฏ ุจู†ุฑูˆุฒ.
01:42
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
01:44
That information took the scientific world by storm
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ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุนุตูุช ุจุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠู‘
01:47
and prompted headlines everywhere,
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ูˆุฃุตุจุญุช ุนู†ุงูˆูŠู† ู„ูƒุจุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ุตู‘ุญู ููŠ ูƒู„ู‘ ู…ูƒุงู†ูุŒ
01:49
including โ€œDiscoverโ€ magazine,
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ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุฌู„ุฉ โ€œุฏูŠุณูƒูุฑโ€ุŒ
01:52
which proclaimed this the 59th most important scientific discovery
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ูˆุงู„ู‘ุชูŠ ุฃุนู„ู†ุช ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงูƒุชุดุงู
ุงู„ุชู‘ุงุณุน ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณูˆู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃู‡ู…ู‘ูŠุฉู‹
01:56
of the year 2007.
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ููŠ ุณู†ุฉ 2007.
01:59
So now we've heard about this amazing pattern
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุณู…ุนู†ุง ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‘ู…ุท ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠู‘ุฒ
02:03
from the point of view of mathematics
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ู…ู† ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุฑู‘ูŠุงุถูŠู‘ุงุช
02:05
and from physics and now art and archeology.
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ูˆู…ู† ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก ูˆุงู„ูู†ู‘ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ุชุฑูˆุจูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง.
02:10
So that leads us to the question
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‚ูˆุฏู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุคุงู„
02:12
what was there about this pattern
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ู…ุง ุดุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‘ู…ุท ุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠ
02:15
that this ancient culture found so important
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ูˆุฌุฏุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุถุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณู‘ุญูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ู‘ุงู‹ ุฌุฏู‘ุงู‹
02:18
that they put it on their most important building?
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ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ูˆุถุนุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃู…ุงูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃู‡ู…ู‘ูŠู‘ุฉู‹ุŸ
02:21
So for that,
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ูˆู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ.
02:22
we look to the world of anthropology and ask the question,
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ุณู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฃู†ุซุฑูˆุจูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ูˆู†ุทุฑุญ ุงู„ุณู‘ุคุงู„ุŒ
02:26
What was the worldview of the culture that made this?
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ูƒูŠู ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุถุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‘ุชูŠ ุตู†ุนุช ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŸ
02:30
And this is what we learn.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุณู†ุชุนู„ู‘ู…ู‡
02:32
This pattern is life.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‘ู…ุท ูŠู…ุซู‘ู„ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.
02:35
And as you can see, life's complicated.
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ุŒ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู…ุนู‚ู‘ุฏุฉูŒ.
02:40
It's complicated.
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ูุนู„ุงู‹ ู…ุนู‚ู‘ุฏุฉูŒ.
02:41
But not only is life complicated,
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ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู…ุนู‚ู‘ุฏุฉู‹ ูู‚ุทุŒ
02:43
life is also aperiodic in the sense that every event, every happening,
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ุจู„ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุบูŠุฑ ุซุงุจุชุฉู ุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‘ ูƒู„ู‘ ุญุฏุซู ูˆูƒู„ู‘ ูˆุงู‚ุนุฉูุŒ
02:49
every decision will make the future unfold differently,
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ูˆูƒู„ู‘ ู‚ุฑุงุฑู ุณูŠุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ูŠุฌุฑูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ู ู…ุฎุชู„ููุŒ
02:54
often in ways that are impossible to predict.
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุจุฃุดูƒุงู„ู ูŠุตุนุจ ุงู„ุชู‘ู†ุจู‘ุค ุจู‡ุง.
02:58
Yet, in spite of the complexity
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุจุงู„ุฑู‘ุบู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู‘ุนู‚ูŠุฏ
03:00
and in spite of a future that's impossible to predict,
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ูˆุจุงู„ุฑู‘ุบู… ู…ู† ุงุณุชุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู‘ู†ุจู‘ุค ุจุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ
03:03
there remains an underlying unity that holds everything together
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ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‚ูˆู‘ุฉูŒ ุฎููŠู‘ุฉูŒ ุชู†ุธู‘ู… ูƒู„ู‘ ุดูŠุกู
03:08
and gives rise to everything.
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ูˆุชู‚ู ูˆุฑุงุก ูƒู„ู‘ ุดูŠุกู.
03:10
Let's see how that works in a design
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ูู„ู†ุฑ ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู„ูˆุญุฉู
03:12
much like the one Peter Lu found in Uzbekistan.
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู‘ุชูŠ ูˆุฌุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุชุฑ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุฃูˆุฒุจุงูƒุณุชุงู†.
03:17
This is that design.
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ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูˆุญุฉ.
03:18
Now, it turns out this is actually based on this set of Penrose tiles,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูˆุญุฉ ุชุชุดูƒู‘ู„
ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุจู„ุงุท ุจู†ุฑูˆุฒุŒ
03:25
which are reducible to these shapes.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุจุณูŠุทูŒ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„.
03:29
And in order to draw these shapes,
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ูˆู„ุฑุณู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ุŒ
03:31
the medieval craftsmen who did this
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ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุญุฑููŠู‘ูˆู† ุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠู† ุตู…ู‘ู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆุณุทู‰
03:33
would have done them by using these construction lines.
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ุจุชุตู…ูŠู…ู‡ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุชู‘ูˆุถูŠุญูŠู‘ุฉ.
03:38
And I add here
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ูˆู„ูŠูƒู† ููŠ ุนู„ู…ูƒู…
03:39
that the construction lines don't appear in the final work.
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ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุชู‘ูˆุถูŠุญูŠู‘ุฉ ู„ุง ุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู†ู‘ู‡ุงุฆูŠู‘.
03:43
But if we add them back, we have this.
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ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฅุนุงุฏุชู‡ุงุŒ ู†ุชุญุตู‘ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง.
03:47
And now if we weave them together, we will have this.
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ุดุจูƒู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุจุนุถู‡ุงุŒ ู†ุชุญุตู‘ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง.
03:51
And now if we hide the tiles
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ุฃุฒู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„
03:53
and just look at the construction lines,
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ูˆุฃุจู‚ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ูู‚ุทุŒ
03:56
we see this.
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ุณู†ุฑู‰ ู‡ุฐุง.
03:58
Clearly there's an underlying structure and unity
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจู†ูŠุฉู‹ ูˆูˆุญุฏุฉู‹ ุฎููŠู‘ุชูŠู†
04:01
to things that seem to be complex and aperiodic.
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ู„ู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู‘ุชูŠ ูŠุนุชุฑูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชู‘ุนู‚ูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู.
04:06
This notion of a hidden underlying unity was common throughout the ancient world,
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ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‚ูˆู‘ุฉู ุฎููŠู‘ุฉู ูˆูƒุงู…ู†ุฉู ูƒุงู† ุดุงุฆุนุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู….
04:12
and one sees it in Egypt,
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ูู†ุญู† ู†ุฑุงู‡ ููŠ ู…ุตุฑุŒ
04:15
in Greece,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ุŒ
04:17
in Australia,
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ูˆููŠ ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุงุŒ
04:20
in Mesoamerica,
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ูˆููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุงู„ูˆุณุทู‰ุŒ
04:22
in North America,
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ูˆุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุงู„ุดู‘ู…ุงู„ูŠู‘ุฉุŒ
04:24
in Europe
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ูˆููŠ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง
04:26
and in the Middle East.
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ูˆุงู„ุดู‘ุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท.
04:29
Now in the modern West, we might call this underlying unity โ€œGod,โ€
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุถุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠู‘ุฉุŒ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ู‰
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุฎููŠู‘ุฉ ุงุณู… ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ุŒ
04:33
but throughout the ages,
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ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑู‘ ุงู„ุนุตูˆุฑุŒ
04:34
other terms have been used to describe the same thing.
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ุงูุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŽุช ุตูŠุบูŒ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ูˆุตู ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดู‘ูŠุก.
04:38
This is what Plato called โ€œfirst cause.โ€
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ูู‚ุฏ ุฃุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูู„ุงุทูˆู† ุงุณู… โ€œุงู„ุณู‘ุจุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู‘ู„โ€œ.
04:41
In the medieval period,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุณุทู‰ุŒ
04:43
philosopher Spinoza called this the โ€œsingular substance.โ€
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ุฃุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ููŠู„ุณูˆู ุณุจูŠู†ูˆุฒุง โ€ุงู„ู…ู‘ุงุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุฉโ€œ.
04:48
In the 20th century,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ
04:49
a number of terms were coined to describe this,
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ุงู‘ุดุชู‚ู‘ุช ุตูŠุบูŒ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉูŒ ู„ูˆุตู ู‡ุฐุงุŒ
04:52
one of my favorites being from philosopher Alfred North Whitehead,
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ูˆู…ู† ุฃูุถู„ู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉูŒ ู…ู† ุตูŠุงุบุฉ
ุงู„ููŠู„ุณูˆู ุฃู„ูุฑูŠุฏ ู†ูˆุฑุซ ูˆุงูŠุชู‡ูŠุฏุŒ
04:56
who called this the โ€œundifferentiated aesthetic continuum.โ€
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ุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠ ุณู…ู‘ุงู‡ุง โ€ุงู„ุณู‘ู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ูŠู‘ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชู…ุงูŠุฒุฉโ€œ.
05:00
Doesn't that have a 20th century sound to it?
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ุฃู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุณู… ุฅูŠู‚ุงุนูŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŸ
05:04
But for me, a lover of science that I am,
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ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู†ู‘ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ู…ุญุจู‘ุงู‹ ู„ู„ุนู„ู…ุŒ
05:07
I will take the term coined by the great 20th century physicist David Bohm,
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ุณุฃุฎุชุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ู…ูุตุงุบ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠู‘ ุงู„ุดู‘ู‡ูŠุฑ ุฏูŠููŠุฏ ุจูˆู…ุŒ
05:12
who called this the โ€œimplicate order.โ€
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ูู‚ุฏ ุฃุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง โ€ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุฏุฎู‘ู„โ€œ.
05:15
So what's the takeaway here?
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ุชุนู„ู… ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
05:17
Very simply, this.
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ุจุจุณุงุทุฉูุŒ ุงู„ุชู‘ุงู„ูŠ.
05:19
When we see these wonderful designs
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‘ุตู…ูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ู‘ุงุจุฉ
05:21
created by cultures that are separated from our own
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ุงู„ู…ุจุชูƒุฑุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุญุถุงุฑุงุชู ุจุนูŠุฏุฉู ุนู† ุญุถุงุฑุชู†ุง
05:24
by thousands of miles or thousands of years,
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ุจุขู„ุงู ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุขู„ุงู ุงู„ุณู‘ู†ูŠู†ุŒ
05:29
we can know these aren't decorations.
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ูู†ุญู† ู†ุฏุฑูƒ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุฏูŠูƒูˆุฑุงุชู
05:33
These are statements about the fundamental values that culture had,
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ุจู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณูŒ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠู‘ุฉ ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญุถุงุฑุงุชุŒ
05:38
what they found important, how they saw themselves,
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ู…ุง ุงุนุชุจุฑูˆู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ู‘ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆูƒูŠู ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ู†ุธุฑู‡ู… ุชูุฌุงู‡ ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู…ุŒ
05:42
the world and themselves in the world.
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ูˆู„ู„ุนุงู„ู… ูˆูˆุฌุฏูˆู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
05:44
It has been said that architecture is a book written in stone.
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ู‚ูŠู„ ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุนู…ุงุฑุฉ ูƒุชุงุจูŒ ู„ุง ูŠูู†ู‰.
05:50
So when we see these amazing designs, we can know they're not decorations.
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ู„ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‘ุตู…ูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ุจุฏูŠุนุฉุŒ
ุณู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุฏูŠูƒูˆุฑุงุชู
05:55
They're a statement.
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ุจู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณูŒ
05:56
They're a message.
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ู‡ูŠ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉูŒ
05:57
Look, listen.
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ุงูู†ุธุฑ ูˆุงุณุชู…ุนุŒ
05:59
You can hear their voices.
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ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุณู…ุงุน ุฃุตูˆุงุชู‡ุง.
06:02
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ู„ูƒู….
06:03
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7