Michael Archer: How we'll resurrect the gastric brooding frog, the Tasmanian tiger

51,426 views ใƒป 2013-06-27

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
0
0
7000
ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: mohamed aboelfotoh ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Ayman Mahmoud
00:12
I do want to test this question we're all interested in:
1
12840
2936
ุชุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู†ุญู† ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ู…ู‡ุชู…ูˆู† ุจุฃู†:
00:15
Does extinction have to be forever?
2
15800
3016
ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุฑุงุถ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุจุฏุŸ
00:18
I'm focused on two projects I want to tell you about.
3
18840
2696
ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฑูƒุฒุช ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู… ุนู†.
00:21
One is the Thylacine Project.
4
21560
1816
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ "ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู†".
00:23
The other one is the Lazarus Project,
5
23400
1762
ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆ "ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ู„ุงุฒุงุฑูˆุณ"ุŒ
00:25
and that's focused on the gastric-brooding frog.
6
25186
2710
ูˆุฃู† ูŠุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุถูุฏุน ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุฆุจ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ.
00:27
And it would be a fair question to ask,
7
27920
1896
ูˆู‚ุงู„ุช ุฃู†ู‡ ุณุคุงู„ ูˆุฌูŠู‡ ุงุณุฃู„ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ
00:29
why have we focused on these two animals?
8
29840
2256
ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู‚ุฏ ุฑูƒุฒู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุชุŸ
00:32
Well, point number one, each of them represents a unique family of its own.
9
32120
5376
ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
ูˆูŠู…ุซู„ ุฃุณุฑุฉ ูุฑูŠุฏุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ุง.
00:37
We've lost a whole family.
10
37520
1576
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูู‚ุฏู†ุง ุฃุณุฑุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ.
00:39
That's a big chunk of the global genome gone.
11
39120
2616
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุณู…ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฐู‡ุจ.
00:41
I'd like it back.
12
41760
1576
ุฃู† ู…ุซู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
00:43
The second reason is that we killed these things.
13
43360
4336
ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ุชู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก.
00:47
In the case of the thylacine, regrettably, we shot every one that we saw.
14
47720
4936
ูˆููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุณูุŒ
ุฃุทู„ู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡. ูˆู†ุญู† ุฐุจุญ ู„ู‡ู….
00:52
We slaughtered them.
15
52680
1436
00:54
In the case of the gastric-brooding frog, we may have "fungicided" it to death.
16
54600
5096
ูˆููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุถูุฏุน ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุฆุจ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉุŒ
ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง "ููˆู†ุฌูŠุณูŠุฏูŠุฏ" ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุช.
00:59
There's a dreadful fungus that's moving through the world
17
59720
2696
ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ู…ุฑูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„
ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุชุดูŠุชุฑูŠุฏุŒ
01:02
that's called the chytrid fungus,
18
62440
1616
ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุชุณู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุถูุงุฏุน ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
01:04
and it's nailing frogs all over the world.
19
64080
2216
01:06
We think that's probably what got this frog,
20
66320
2048
ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุจู…ุง ู…ุง ุญุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถูุฏุนุŒ
01:08
and humans are spreading this fungus.
21
68392
2384
ูˆุงู„ุจุดุฑ ูˆุชู†ุชุดุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช.
01:10
And this introduces a very important ethical point,
22
70800
2856
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‚ุฏู… ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ ู‡ุงู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ
01:13
and I think you will have heard this many times
23
73680
2216
ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ูƒ ุณูˆู ุณู…ุนุช ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุงุช ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ
01:15
when this topic comes up.
24
75920
1616
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน.
01:17
What I think is important
25
77560
1736
ู…ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฃู†ู‡ุŒ
01:19
is that, if it's clear that we exterminated these species,
26
79320
3576
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ูˆู†ุญู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฃูุจูŠุฏูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุนุŒ
01:22
then I think we not only have a moral obligation
27
82920
3416
ุซู… ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ูˆุงุฌุจุง ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุง
01:26
to see what we can do about it,
28
86360
1477
ู„ู†ุฑู‰ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ู‡ ุญูŠุงู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ู‰
01:27
but I think we've got a moral imperative to try to do something, if we can.
29
87861
4150
ูˆุงุฌุจุง ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุง ู„ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุดูŠุก ู…ุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน.
01:32
OK. Let me talk to you about the Lazarus Project.
30
92720
2856
ุญุณู†ุง. ุงุณู…ุญูˆุง ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ูŠูƒู… ุนู† "ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ู„ุงุฒุงุฑูˆุณ".
01:35
It's a frog. And you think, frog.
31
95600
2856
ูˆุถูุฏุน. ูˆูƒู†ุช ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏุŒ ุงู„ุถูุฏุน.
01:38
Yeah, but this was not just any frog.
32
98480
3376
ู†ุนู…ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ูู‚ุท ุฃูŠ ุงู„ุถูุฏุน.
01:41
Unlike a normal frog, which lays its eggs in the water
33
101880
2776
ูˆุฎู„ุงูุง ุถูุฏุน ุนุงุฏูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุถุน ุจูŠุถู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก
01:44
and goes away and wishes its froglets well,
34
104680
2656
ูˆูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุจุนูŠุฏุงู‹ ูˆูŠุชู…ู†ู‰ ู„ุถููŠุฏุนุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑุŒ
01:47
this frog swallowed its fertilized eggs,
35
107360
3616
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถูุฏุน ุงุจุชู„ุน ุจูŠุถู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุตุจุŒ
ุงุจุชู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุบุฐุงุกุŒ
01:51
swallowed them into the stomach, where it should be having food,
36
111000
3656
01:54
didn't digest the eggs, and turned its stomach into a uterus.
37
114680
4496
ู„ู… ุชู‡ุถู… ุงู„ุจูŠุถุŒ
ูˆุชุญูˆู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฑุญู….
01:59
In the stomach, the eggs went on to develop into tadpoles,
38
119200
3336
ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ุจูŠุถ ุฃู† ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ู„ุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ุถูุงุฏุน ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ
02:02
and in the stomach, the tadpoles went on to develop into frogs,
39
122560
3856
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ุถูุงุฏุน ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฃู† ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ู„ุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ุถูุงุฏุนุŒ
02:06
and they grew in the stomach
40
126440
1656
ูˆู†ู…ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู
02:08
until eventually the poor old frog was at risk of bursting apart.
41
128120
4016
ุงู„ุถูุฏุน ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุฃุฑุจุง.
02:12
It has a little cough and a hiccup, and out comes sprays of little frogs.
42
132160
4056
ู‚ุฏ ุณุนุงู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ูˆุฒูˆุจุนุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุฃุชูŠ ุฎุงุฑุฌ
ุจุฎุงุฎ ู…ู† ุงู„ุถูุงุฏุน ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹.
02:16
Now, when biologists saw this, they were agog.
43
136240
2736
ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงุก ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุชู„ู‡ู.
02:19
They thought, this is incredible.
44
139000
1936
ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู†ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ุง ูŠุตุฏู‚.
02:20
No animal, let alone a frog, has been known to do this,
45
140960
3816
ู„ุง ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุŒ ู†ุงู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู† ุถูุฏุนุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู…ุนุฑูˆูุง ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ
02:24
to change one organ in the body into another.
46
144800
2136
ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ.
02:26
And you can imagine the medical world went nuts over this as well.
47
146960
3816
ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠุฉ ุฐู‡ุจุช ุงู„ู…ูƒุณุฑุงุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูŠุถุง.
02:30
If we could understand
48
150800
1216
ุฅุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ูู‡ู… ูƒูŠู ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถูุฏุน
02:32
how that frog is managing the way its tummy works,
49
152040
3296
ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุจู‡ ุงู„ุจุทู† ูŠุนู…ู„ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
02:35
is there information here that we need to understand
50
155360
2456
ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ูู‡ู…ุŒ ุฃูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
02:37
or could usefully use to help ourselves?
51
157840
3336
ู„ู†ุณุงุนุฏ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุงุŸ
02:41
Now, I'm not suggesting we want to raise our babies in our stomach,
52
161200
3336
ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุงู‚ุชุฑุญ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุชุซูŠุฑ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃุทูุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉุŒ ูˆู„ุฏูŠู†ุง
02:44
but I am suggesting it's possible
53
164560
1616
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ุงู‚ุชุฑุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฑุจู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ
02:46
we might want to manage gastric secretion in the gut.
54
166200
2656
ู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก.
02:48
And just as everybody got excited about it, bang!
55
168880
2816
ูˆู…ุซู„ู…ุง ุญุตู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุชุญู…ุณ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุŒ ุจุงู†ุฌ!
02:51
It was extinct.
56
171720
1200
ู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‚ุฑุถุช.
ุงุณุชุฏุนุงุก ุตุฏูŠู‚ูŠุŒ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆููŠุณูˆุฑ ู…ุงูŠูƒ ุชุงูŠู„ุฑ
02:54
I called up my friend,
57
174120
1456
02:55
Professor Mike Tyler in the University of Adelaide.
58
175600
2381
ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฃุฏูŠู„ุงูŠุฏ.
ูˆูƒุงู† ุขุฎุฑ ุดุฎุต ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถูุฏุนุŒ
02:58
He was the last person who had this frog, a colony of these things, in his lab.
59
178005
4371
ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑุŒ ููŠ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุฉ.
03:02
And I said, "Mike, by any chance --" This was 30 or 40 years ago.
60
182400
3048
ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠุŒ "ู…ุงูŠูƒ"ุŒ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูŠ ูุฑุตุฉ-
ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุจู„ 30 ุฃูˆ 40 ุนุงู…ุงู‹ โ€“
03:05
"By any chance had you kept any frozen tissue of this frog?"
61
185472
3744
"ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูŠ ูุฑุตุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุฃุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูƒ ุฃูŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถูุฏุนุŸ"
03:09
And he thought about it,
62
189240
1216
ูˆู‚ุงู„ ููƒุฑุช ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ุŒ
03:10
and he went to his deep freezer, minus 20 degrees centigrade,
63
190480
3816
ู†ุงู‚ุต 20 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉุŒ
03:14
and he poured through everything in the freezer,
64
194320
2256
ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุณูƒุจ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุฌุฉุŒ
ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ุฌุฑุฉ
03:16
and there in the bottom was a jar and it contained tissues of these frogs.
65
196600
4296
ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชุถู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุถูุงุฏุน.
03:20
This was very exciting,
66
200920
1256
ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซูŠุฑุง ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณุจุจ
03:22
but there was no reason why we should expect that this would work,
67
202200
3336
ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ
03:25
because this tissue had not had any antifreeze put in it,
68
205560
3936
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ุชุชุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ ุฃูŠ ูˆุถุน ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
03:29
cryoprotectants, to look after it when it was frozen.
69
209520
3656
ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุฉุŒ ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ุฌู…ุฏ.
03:33
And normally, when water freezes, as you know, it expands,
70
213200
2736
ูˆุนุงุฏุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุฌู…ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ ูŠูˆุณุนุŒ
03:35
and the same thing happens in a cell.
71
215960
1816
ูˆูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู†ูุณู‡ ููŠ ุฒู†ุฒุงู†ุฉ.
03:37
If you freeze tissues, the water expands, damages or bursts the cell walls.
72
217800
4376
ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฌู…ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ูŠูˆุณุนุŒ
ุงู„ุฃุถุฑุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฑุดู‚ุงุช ู†ุงุฑูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ.
ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ู†ุธุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ุฌู‡ุฑ.
03:42
Well, we looked at the tissue under the microscope.
73
222200
2416
03:44
It actually didn't look bad. The cell walls looked intact.
74
224640
2736
ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู„ุง ุชุจุฏูˆ ุณูŠุฆุฉ. ุจุฏุช ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ.
ู„ุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุธู†ุŒ ูˆุฏุนูˆู†ุง ุฅุนุทุงุฆู‡ุง ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ.
03:47
So we thought, let's give it a go.
75
227400
1626
ู…ุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ ุดูŠุก ูŠุณู…ู‰
03:49
What we did is something called somatic cell nuclear transplantation.
76
229480
4256
ุฒุฑุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฌุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ.
03:53
We took the eggs of a related species, a living frog,
77
233760
3616
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงุชุฎุฐู†ุง ุงู„ุจูŠุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฐุงุช ุงู„ุตู„ุฉุŒ ุถูุฏุน ุงู„ุนูŠุดุŒ
03:57
and we inactivated the nucleus of the egg.
78
237400
2856
ูˆู†ุญู† ุฅุจุทุงู„ ู†ูˆุงุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุถุฉ.
04:00
We used ultraviolet radiation to do that.
79
240280
2416
ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุจู†ูุณุฌูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ.
04:02
And then we took the dead nucleus from the dead tissue of the extinct frog
80
242720
4736
ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ู†ูˆุงุฉ ู…ูŠุชุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฌ ุงู„ู…ูŠุช
ู„ุงู†ู‚ุฑุถุช ุงู„ุถูุฏุน ูˆู†ุญู† ุฅุฏุฑุงุฌ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจูŠุถ.
04:07
and we inserted those nuclei into that egg.
81
247480
3096
04:10
Now, by rights, this is kind of like a cloning project,
82
250600
3456
ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู…ุซู„ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎุŒ
ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชุฌ ุฏูˆู„ู„ูŠุŒ ุจู„ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ
04:14
like what produced Dolly,
83
254080
1216
04:15
but it's actually very different,
84
255320
1616
04:16
because Dolly was live sheep into live sheep cells.
85
256960
2736
ู„ุฃู† ุฏูˆู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฎุฑุงู ุงู„ุญูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฎุฑุงู ุญูŠุฉ.
04:19
That was a miracle, but it was workable.
86
259720
2336
ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุนุฌุฒุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚.
ู…ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ุงุชุฎุงุฐ ู†ูˆุงุฉ ู…ูŠุช ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ู†ู‚ุฑุถุฉ
04:22
What we're trying to do is take a dead nucleus from an extinct species
87
262080
3656
04:25
and put it into a completely different species and expect that to work.
88
265760
3376
ูˆูˆุถุนู‡ ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุงุŒ ูˆู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„.
04:29
Well, we had no real reason to expect it would,
89
269160
2296
ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุณุจุจ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู„ู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃู†ู‡ ุณูŠูƒูˆู†ุŒ
04:31
and we tried hundreds and hundreds of these.
90
271480
2650
ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุญุงูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฆุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุฆุงุช ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡.
04:34
And just last February, the last time we did these trials,
91
274800
2776
ูˆููŠ ูุจุฑุงูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ูู‚ุทุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒู…ุงุชุŒ
04:37
I saw a miracle starting to happen.
92
277600
2840
ุฑุฃูŠุช ู…ุนุฌุฒุฉ ุงุจุชุฏุงุก ู…ู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒ.
ู…ุง ูˆุฌุฏู†ุงู‡ ูƒุงู†ุŒ ู„ู… ุชู†ุฌุญ ู…ุนุธู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูˆูŠุถุงุชุŒ
04:41
What we found was most of these eggs didn't work,
93
281040
3296
04:44
but then suddenly, one of them began to divide.
94
284360
2976
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุซู… ูุฌุฃุฉ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุญุฏู‡ู… ุจุชู‚ุณูŠู….
04:47
That was so exciting.
95
287360
1376
ุฃู† ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุซูŠุฑุง. ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุถุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
04:48
And then the egg divided again. And then again.
96
288760
2896
ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰. ูˆู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ูˆู†ุญู† ู‚ุฏ
04:51
And pretty soon, we had early-stage embryos
97
291680
3016
ุงู„ุฃุฌู†ุฉ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุจูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุน ู…ุฆุงุช ู…ู† ุชุดูƒูŠู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง.
04:54
with hundreds of cells forming those.
98
294720
2776
04:57
We even DNA-tested some of these cells,
99
297520
2776
ูˆู†ุญู† ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ
ูˆุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุงู„ุถูุฏุน ุงู†ู‚ุฑุถุช ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง.
05:00
and the DNA of the extinct frog is in those cells.
100
300320
3816
05:04
So we're very excited. This is not a tadpole. It's not a frog.
101
304160
3496
ู„ุฐุง ู†ุญู† ู…ุชุญู…ุณูˆู† ุฌุฏุงู‹. ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุดุฑุบูˆู.
ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุถูุฏุน. ูˆู„ูƒู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุทูˆูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฑุญู„ุฉ
05:07
But it's a long way along the journey
102
307680
2736
05:10
to producing, or bringing back, an extinct species.
103
310440
2816
ู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฌู„ุจ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู†ู‚ุฑุถุฉ.
05:13
And this is news.
104
313280
1216
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฎุจุฑ. ู†ุญู† ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู‚ุฏ ุฃุนู„ู†ุช ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„.
05:14
We haven't announced this publicly before.
105
314520
2456
ูˆู†ุญู† ู…ุชุญู…ุณูˆู†. ู„ู‚ุฏ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ.
05:17
We're excited.
106
317000
1216
05:18
We've got to get past this point.
107
318240
1616
05:19
We now want this ball of cells to start to gastrulate,
108
319880
2524
ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ู„ุจุฏุก ููŠ ุฌุงุณุชุฑูˆู„ุงุชูŠุŒ
05:22
to turn in so that it will produce the other tissues.
109
322428
2628
ู„ุฅูŠู‚ุงู ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณูˆู ุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
05:25
It'll go on and produce a tadpole and then a frog.
110
325080
3696
ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณูˆู ุชุฐู‡ุจ ูˆุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุดุฑุบูˆูุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุถูุฏุน.
05:28
Watch this space.
111
328800
1216
ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุถุงุก. ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู†ุง ู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถูุฏุน
05:30
I think we're going to have this frog hopping
112
330040
2193
ู‚ูุฒ ุณุนูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
05:32
glad to be back in the world again.
113
332257
1719
ุดูƒุฑุง. (ุชุตููŠู‚)
05:34
(Applause)
114
334720
1816
05:36
Thank you.
115
336560
1206
05:37
(Applause)
116
337790
2106
05:39
We haven't done it yet, but keep the applause ready.
117
339920
2658
ูˆู†ุญู† ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู‚ุฏ ูุนู„ุช ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชุตููŠู‚ ุฌุงู‡ุฒุฉ.
ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ูŠูƒู… ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ "ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู†".
05:43
The second project I want to talk to you about is the Thylacine Project.
118
343080
3976
05:47
The thylacine looks a bit, to most people, like a dog,
119
347080
3856
ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู† ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ุŒ ู„ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ู…ุซู„ ูƒู„ุจุŒ
05:50
or maybe like a tiger, because it has stripes.
120
350960
2143
ุฃูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ู…ุซู„ ู†ู…ุฑุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑุจ.
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ.
05:53
But it's not related to any of those. It's a marsupial.
121
353127
2809
ูู…ู† ุฌุฑุงุจูŠ. ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุซูŠุฑ ุจู‡ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ ุญู‚ูŠุจุฉุŒ
05:55
It raised its young in a pouch, like a koala or a kangaroo would do,
122
355960
4176
ู…ุซู„ ูƒูˆุงู„ุง ุฃูˆ ูƒู†ุบุฑ ุณุชูุนู„ุŒ
ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุทูˆูŠู„ุŒ ุทูˆูŠู„ุŒ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎุŒ
06:00
and it has a long history, a long, fascinating history,
123
360160
5016
06:05
that goes back 25 million years.
124
365200
2896
ุฃู† ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุก ุณู†ูˆุงุช 25 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†.
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ู…ุฃุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง.
06:08
But it's also a tragic history.
125
368120
1615
06:10
The first one that we see occurs in the ancient rain forests of Australia
126
370200
4936
ุชุนุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุฑุงู‡ุง ุชุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ุทูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ
ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง ู…ู†ุฐ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 25 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุณู†ุฉ ู…ุถุชุŒ
06:15
about 25 million years ago,
127
375160
1976
ูˆุชุณุงุนุฏ "ุงู„ุฌู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุบุฑุงููŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ" ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ
06:17
and the National Geographic Society
128
377160
2336
06:19
is helping us to explore these fossil deposits.
129
379520
2231
ู„ุงุณุชูƒุดุงู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุณุจ ุงู„ุฃุญููˆุฑูŠุฉ. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฑูŠููŠุฑุณู„ูŠุบ.
06:21
This is Riversleigh.
130
381775
1521
06:23
In those fossil rocks are some amazing animals.
131
383320
3056
ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุตุฎูˆุฑ ุงู„ุญูุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฏู‡ุดุฉ.
06:26
We found marsupial lions.
132
386400
1896
ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠูˆู†ุฒ ุฌุฑุงุจูŠ.
06:28
We found carnivorous kangaroos.
133
388320
2576
ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ูƒู†ุบุฑ ู„ุงุญู….
06:30
It's not what you usually think about as a kangaroo,
134
390920
2456
ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุนุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ูƒู†ุบุฑุŒ
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูƒู„ ู„ุญู… ุงู„ูƒู†ุบุฑ.
06:33
but these are meat-eating kangaroos.
135
393400
1736
ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
06:35
We found the biggest bird in the world,
136
395160
1896
06:37
bigger than that thing that was in Madagascar,
137
397080
2143
ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู…ุฏุบุดู‚ุฑุŒ
06:39
and it too was a flesh eater.
138
399247
1489
ูˆูƒุงู† ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ู† ู„ุญู… ุฃูƒู„ูŠ ู„ุญูˆู… ุงู„ุจุดุฑ. ูˆูƒุงู† ุจุทุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุงู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุบุฑูŠุจุฉ.
06:40
It was a giant, weird duck.
139
400760
2256
06:43
And crocodiles were not behaving at that time either.
140
403040
2896
ูˆุงู„ุชู…ุงุณูŠุญ ู„ุง jุชุตุฑู ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฃู…ุง.
06:45
You think of crocodiles as doing their ugly thing,
141
405960
2376
ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุงุณูŠุญ ูƒุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠุญุŒ
06:48
sitting in a pool of water.
142
408360
1416
ูŠุฌู„ุณ ููŠ ุจุฑูƒุฉ ู…ูŠุงู‡.
06:49
These crocodiles were actually out on the land
143
409800
2536
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู…ุงุณูŠุญ ูƒุงู†ุช ูุนู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ
06:52
and they were even climbing trees and jumping on prey on the ground.
144
412360
5216
ูˆูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุญุชู‰ ุชุณู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ูุฑูŠุณุฉ
ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน.
06:57
We had, in Australia, drop crocs. They really do exist.
145
417600
4151
ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุงุŒ ููŠ ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุงุŒ ู‚ุทุฑู‡ ุงู„ุชู…ุงุณูŠุญ. ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญู‚ุงู‹.
07:01
(Laughter)
146
421775
1099
07:02
But what they were dropping on was not only other weird animals
147
422898
3018
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุงู†ุฎูุถุช ุนู„ู‰ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ูู‚ุท
ูˆุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถุง ุซูŠู„ุงุณูŠู†ูŠุณ.
07:05
but also thylacines.
148
425940
1276
07:07
There were five different kinds of thylacines in those ancient forests,
149
427240
3936
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุซูŠู„ุงุณูŠู†ูŠุณ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุบุงุจุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉุŒ
ูˆุชุฑุงูˆุญุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุชูˆุณุทุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
07:11
and they ranged from great big ones to middle-sized ones
150
431200
4456
07:15
to one that was about the size of a chihuahua.
151
435680
3736
ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุญูˆู„ ุญุฌู… ุชุดูŠู‡ูˆุงู‡ูˆุง.
07:19
Paris Hilton would have been able
152
439440
1616
ุจุงุฑูŠุณ ู‡ูŠู„ุชูˆู† ูƒุงู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญู…ู„
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุญู‚ูŠุจุฉ ูŠุฏ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ
07:21
to carry one of these things around in a little handbag,
153
441080
2656
07:23
until a drop croc landed on her.
154
443760
1776
ุญุชู‰ ุชู…ุณุงุญ ู‚ุทุฑู‡ ุณู‚ุทุช ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏู‡ุง.
07:25
At any rate, it was a fascinating place,
155
445560
1936
ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠุฉ ุญุงู„ุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฑุงุฆุนุŒ
07:27
but unfortunately, Australia didn't stay this way.
156
447520
2776
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุจู‚ ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ.
07:30
Climate change has affected the world for a long period of time,
157
450320
3496
ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ ู‚ุฏ ุฃุซุฑุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ุŒ
07:33
and gradually, the forests disappeared, the country began to dry out,
158
453840
4416
ูˆุชุฏุฑูŠุฌูŠุงุŒ ุงุฎุชูุช ุงู„ุบุงุจุงุชุŒ
ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ูˆุจุฏุฃุช ุชุฌูุŒ
07:38
and the number of kinds of thylacines began to decline,
159
458280
2616
ูˆุนุฏุฏ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุซูŠู„ุงุณูŠู†ูŠุณ ูˆุจุฏุฃุช ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถุŒ
07:40
until by five million years ago,
160
460920
1576
ุญุชู‰ ู‚ุจู„ 5 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุณู†ุฉ ู…ุถุชุŒ ุชุฑูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูู‚ุท.
07:42
only one left.
161
462520
1176
07:43
By 10,000 years ago, they had disappeared from New Guinea,
162
463720
3536
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงุฎุชูู‰ ู‚ุจู„ 10000 ุณู†ุฉ ู…ุถุชุŒ
ู…ู† ุบูŠู†ูŠุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธ
07:47
and unfortunately, by 4,000 years ago, somebodies, we don't know who this was,
163
467280
6856
ู‚ุจู„ 4000 ุณู†ุฉ ู…ุถุชุŒ ุณูˆู…ูŠุจูˆุฏูŠุณุŒ
ู„ุง ู†ุนุฑู ู…ู† ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุฃุฏุฎู„ุช ุฏูŠู†ุฌูˆุณ-
07:54
introduced dingoes -- this is a very archaic kind of a dogย --
164
474160
3736
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ูƒู„ุจ โ€” ููŠ ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง.
07:57
into Australia.
165
477920
1216
ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู†ุŒ ุฏูŠู†ุฌูˆุณ ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹
07:59
And as you can see,
166
479160
1216
08:00
dingoes are very similar in their body form to thylacines.
167
480400
2816
ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจู‡ู… ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุซูŠู„ุงุณูŠู†ูŠุณ.
08:03
That similarity meant they probably competed.
168
483240
2936
ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุดุงุจู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฑุจู…ุง ุชู†ุงูุณ.
08:06
They were eating the same kinds of foods.
169
486200
1976
ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุชู†ุงูˆู„ูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทุนู…ุฉ.
ูู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุญุชู‰ ุฃู† ูƒุงู†ุช ุฅุจู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠูŠู†
08:08
It's even possible that aborigines were keeping some of these dingoes as pets,
170
488200
4616
ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฏูŠู†ุฌูˆุณ ูƒุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุฃู„ูŠูุฉุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
08:12
and therefore they may have had an advantage in the battle for survival.
171
492840
3436
ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ุง ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.
08:16
All we know is, soon after the dingoes were brought in,
172
496300
2616
ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ุนุฑูู‡ุŒ ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ูˆุฌูŠุฒุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุฏ ุฌูŠุก ุฏูŠู†ุฌูˆุณุŒ
08:18
thylacines were extinct in the Australian mainland,
173
498940
2416
ุซูŠู„ุงุณูŠู†ูŠุณ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‚ุฑุถุช ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุŒ
08:21
and after that they only survived in Tasmania.
174
501380
2478
ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‚ุท ู†ุฌูˆุง ููŠ ุชุณู…ุงู†ูŠุง.
08:25
Then, unfortunately,
175
505480
1216
ุซู…ุŒ ู„ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธุŒ ุญุฒูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ู‚ุตุฉ ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู†
08:26
the next sad part of the thylacine story is that Europeans arrived in 1788,
176
506720
4536
ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠูŠู† ูˆุตู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ 1788ุŒ ูˆุงุญุถุฑูˆุง
08:31
and they brought with them the things they valued,
177
511280
2776
ู…ุนู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฏุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุดู…ู„ุช ุงู„ุฃุบู†ุงู….
08:34
and that included sheep.
178
514080
1680
ุฃุฎุฐูˆุง ู†ุธุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู† ููŠ ุชุณู…ุงู†ูŠุงุŒ
08:36
They took one look at the thylacine in Tasmania,
179
516360
2536
08:38
and they thought, hang on, this is not going to work.
180
518920
3096
ูˆุธู†ูˆุงุŒ ุชุดุจุซุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„.
08:42
That guy is going to eat all our sheep.
181
522040
2247
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูƒู„ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุบู†ุงู….
08:44
That was not what happened, actually.
182
524938
2238
ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ูุนู„ุง.
ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุบู†ุงู…ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุญุตู„ุช ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู† ุฑุงุจ ุณูŠุก.
08:47
Wild dogs did eat a few of the sheep, but the thylacine got a bad rap.
183
527200
3575
08:50
But immediately, the government said, that's it, let's get rid of them,
184
530799
3976
ูˆู„ูƒู† ููˆุฑุงุŒ ู‚ุงู„ุช ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉุŒ ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุกุŒ
ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฏูุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
08:54
and they paid people to slaughter every one that they saw.
185
534799
3253
ุฐุจุญ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุดุงู‡ุฏูˆุง.
08:58
By the early 1930s,
186
538600
2296
ู…ู† ุฃูˆุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู†ุงุชุŒ 3,000 ุฅู„ู‰ 4,000 ุซูŠู„ุงุณูŠู†ูŠุณ
09:00
3,000 to 4,000 thylacines had been murdered.
187
540920
3816
ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุชู„. ูุฅู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ูƒุงุฑุซุฉุŒ
09:04
It was a disaster, and they were about to hit the wall.
188
544760
3365
ูˆุฃู†ู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ.
ุฅู„ู‚ุงุก ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ู„ู‚ุทุงุช ุงู„ููŠู„ู….
09:09
Have a look at this bit of film footage.
189
549080
2456
09:11
It makes me very sad because, while it's a fascinating animal,
190
551560
3736
ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุนู„ู†ูŠ ุญุฒูŠู†ุง ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุŒ ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุญูŠูˆุงู† ุฑุงุฆุนุฉุŒ
09:15
and it's amazing to think that we had the technology to film it
191
555320
5056
ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู‡ุด ุฃู† ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ู„ู„ููŠู„ู… ุฃู†ู‡
09:20
before it actually plunged off that cliff of extinction,
192
560400
4056
ู‚ุจู„ ูุนู„ุง ุณู‚ุทุช ู‚ุจุงู„ุฉ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‡ุงูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุฑุงุถุŒ
09:24
we didn't, unfortunately, at this same time,
193
564480
2616
ู†ุญู†ุŒ ู„ู„ุฃุณูุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู†
09:27
have a molecule of concern about the welfare for this species.
194
567120
4056
ุฌุฒูŠุก ู‚ู„ู‚ ุจุดุฃู† ุงู„ุฑูุงู‡ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน.
09:31
These are photos of the last surviving thylacine, Benjamin,
195
571200
3376
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑ ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู† ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุŒ ุจู†ูŠุงู…ูŠู†ุŒ
09:34
who was in the Beaumaris Zoo in Hobart.
196
574600
2299
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุญุฏูŠู‚ุฉ ุญูŠูˆุงู† ุจูŠูˆู…ุงุฑูŠุณ ููŠ ู‡ูˆุจุงุฑุช.
09:37
To add insult to injury,
197
577680
1616
ู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู‡ุงู†ุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุฐู‰ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงุฌุชุงุญุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
09:39
having swept this species nearly off the table,
198
579320
3696
ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู‡ู…ุงู„ุŒ
09:43
this animal, when it died of neglect --
199
583040
2496
09:45
The keepers didn't let it into the hutch on a cold night in Hobart.
200
585560
3981
ู„ู… ุฃูƒู† ูˆู„ูŠูƒู† ุญูุธู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูุต
ููŠ ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุจุงุฑุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ูˆุจุงุฑุช. ุฃู†ู‡ ุชูˆููŠ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชุนุฑุถุŒ
09:50
It died of exposure, and in the morning, when they found the body of Benjamin,
201
590080
3856
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุตุจุงุญุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฌุซุฉ ุจู†ูŠุงู…ูŠู†ุŒ
09:53
they still cared so little for this animal that they threw the body in the dump.
202
593960
4978
ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠู‡ุชู… ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†
ุฃู† ุฃู„ู‚ูˆุง ุฌุซุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠุบ.
10:00
Does it have to stay this way?
203
600600
1920
ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุญูˆุŸ
10:03
In 1990, I was in the Australian Museum.
204
603720
2376
ูˆููŠ ุนุงู… 1990ุŒ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุญู ุงู„ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠ.
10:06
I was fascinated by thylacines.
205
606120
1736
ูˆู‚ุฏ ูุชู†ุช ุจู‡ุง ุซูŠู„ุงุณูŠู†ูŠุณ. ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ู‡ุงุฌุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช.
10:07
I've always been obsessed with these animals.
206
607880
2096
ูˆุชู…ุช ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุฌู…ุŒ ููŠ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
10:10
And I was studying skulls,
207
610000
1256
10:11
trying to figure out their relationships to other sorts of animals,
208
611280
3256
ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุชู‡ู… ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุชุŒ
10:14
and I saw this jar,
209
614560
1976
ูˆุฑุฃูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุงุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุฉุŒ
10:16
and here, in the jar, was a little girl thylacine pup,
210
616560
4536
ูƒุงู†ุช ูุชุงุฉ ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู† ุฃู„ุฌุฑูˆ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ุณุชุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ.
10:21
perhaps six months old.
211
621120
1696
10:22
The guy who had found it and killed the mother
212
622840
2336
ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูˆุฌุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุฃู…
ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„.
10:25
had pickled the pup, and they pickled it in alcohol.
213
625200
3136
10:28
I'm a paleontologist, but I still knew alcohol was a DNA preservative.
214
628360
3616
ุฃู†ุง ู‚ุงู„ุชุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู… ุฃูƒู† ุฃุนู„ู… ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ูƒู…ุงุฏุฉ ุญุงูุธุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ.
10:32
But this was 1990, and I asked my geneticist friends,
215
632000
4336
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนุงู… 1990ุŒ ูˆุทู„ุจุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏูŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซุฉ ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุกุŒ
10:36
couldn't we think about going into this pup
216
636360
2416
ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุถ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู„ุฌุฑูˆ
10:38
and extracting DNA, if it's there,
217
638800
2976
ูˆุงุณุชุฎุฑุงุฌ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ
10:41
and then somewhere down the line in the future,
218
641800
2216
ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุง ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„ุณุทุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ
ุณูˆู ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ู„ูŠุนูˆุฏ ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู†ุŸ
10:44
we'll use this DNA to bring the thylacine back?
219
644040
2216
ุถุญูƒ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซุฉ. ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุณุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู‚ุจู„ ุฏูˆู„ู„ูŠ.
10:46
The geneticists laughed. But this was six years before Dolly.
220
646280
3755
10:50
Cloning was science fiction.
221
650791
1747
ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฎูŠุงู„ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎ. ูุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุญุฏุซ.
10:52
It had not happened.
222
652562
1234
10:53
But then suddenly cloning did happen.
223
653820
2396
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎ ุซู… ูุฌุฃุฉ ุญุฏุซ.
10:56
And I thought, when I became director of the Australian Museum,
224
656240
3136
ูˆุงู„ููƒุฑุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุตุจุญุช ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠุฑ
ุงู„ู…ุชุญู ุงู„ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฐุงู‡ุจ ู„ุฅุนุทุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ.
10:59
I'm going to give this a go.
225
659400
1336
11:00
I put a team together.
226
660760
1456
ุฃู†ุง ูˆุถุนุช ูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ุนุง.
11:02
We went into that pup to see what was in it,
227
662240
2856
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฐู‡ุจู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู„ุฌุฑูˆ ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ
11:05
and we did find thylacine DNA.
228
665120
2176
ูˆู†ุฌุฏ ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู† ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ. ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒุง ู„ุญุธุฉ.
11:07
It was a eureka moment. We were very excited.
229
667320
2176
ูƒู†ุง ููŠ ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุนุงุฏุฉ.
11:09
Unfortunately, we also found a lot of human DNA.
230
669520
3696
ูˆู„ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธุŒ ูƒู…ุง ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ.
11:13
Every old curator who'd been in that museum
231
673240
2976
ูƒู„ ุฃู…ูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุชุญู
11:16
had seen this wonderful specimen,
232
676240
1856
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุดู‡ุฏุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉุŒ
ูˆุถุน ุฃูŠุฏูŠู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุฉุŒ ุงู†ุณุญุจ ูˆุงู„ููƒุฑุŒ
11:18
put their hand in the jar, pulled it out and thought,
233
678120
2496
11:20
"Wow, look at that," plop, dropped it back in the jar,
234
680640
2536
"ู†ุฌุงุญ ุจุงู‡ุฑุŒ ุชุจุฏูˆ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ" ุตูˆุช ู†ุฒูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุŒ ุงู†ุฎูุถ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุฉุŒ
ุชู„ูˆูŠุซ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ.
11:23
contaminating this specimen.
235
683200
1576
11:24
And that was a worry.
236
684800
1296
ูˆูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู‚ู„ู‚. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ
11:26
If the goal here was to get the DNA out
237
686120
2216
11:28
and use the DNA down the track to try to bring a thylacine back,
238
688360
3936
ูˆุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ู„ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑ ููŠ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
ู…ุง ู„ู… ู†ูƒู† ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
11:32
what we didn't want happening
239
692320
1416
11:33
when the information was shoved into the machine
240
693760
2256
ูˆูƒุงู† ุจุทุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ูˆุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูุช ุญูˆู„ู‡ุง
11:36
and the wheel turned around and the lights flashed,
241
696040
2416
ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฃุถูˆุงุก ุชูˆู…ุถุŒ ุฃู† ูŠุจู„ุบ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุฐุงุจู„
11:38
was to have a wizened old horrible curator pop out the other end of the machine.
242
698480
3976
ุฃู…ูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‡ูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ุจูˆุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ. (ุถุญูƒ)
11:42
It would've kept the curator very happy, but it wasn't going to keep us happy.
243
702480
3696
ุฃู† ูƒู†ุช ุฃุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุณู‚ ุณุนูŠุฏุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ
ุจู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู†ุง ุณุนูŠุฏุฉ.
ู„ุฐุง ุนุฏู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงุช ูˆุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุญูุฑ ุญูˆู„ู‡ุงุŒ
11:46
So we went back to these specimens and we started digging around,
244
706200
3056
11:49
and particularly, we looked into the teeth of skulls,
245
709280
3136
ูˆู„ุง ุณูŠู…ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุฌู…ุŒ
11:52
hard parts where humans had not been able to get their fingers,
246
712440
3056
ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุซุงุจุชุฉ ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุตุงุจุนู‡ู…ุŒ
11:55
and we found much better quality DNA.
247
715520
1944
ูˆูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูุถู„ ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ุฎู„ูˆูŠ ุงู„ุตุจุบูŠ.
ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุชูˆูƒูˆู†ุฏุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ. ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
11:58
We found nuclear mitochondrial genes.
248
718000
2176
12:00
It's there. So we got it.
249
720200
1496
ุญูŠุซ ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง.
12:01
OK. What could we do with this stuff?
250
721720
2456
ุญุณู†ุง. ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ู‡ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŸ
12:04
Well, George Church, in his book, "Regenesis,"
251
724200
2196
ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฌูˆุฑุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู†ูŠุณุฉ ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญู…ู„ ุนู†ูˆุงู† "ุฑูŠุฌูŠู†ูŠุณูŠุณ"ุŒ
12:06
has mentioned many of the techniques that are rapidly advancing
252
726420
3036
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชู‚ุฏู… ุจุณุฑุนุฉ
12:09
to work with fragmented DNA.
253
729480
1614
ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุชุฌุฒุฆุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ.
12:11
We would hope that we'll be able to get that DNA back into a viable form,
254
731520
4616
ูˆู†ุฃู…ู„ ุฃู† ุณูˆู ู†ูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
ููŠ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุญูŠุงุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุซู…ุŒ ูƒุซูŠุฑุง ู…ุซู„ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ ู…ุน "ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ู„ุงุฒุงุฑูˆุณ"ุŒ
12:16
and then, much like we've done with the Lazarus Project,
255
736160
2656
12:18
get that stuff into an egg of a host species.
256
738840
3056
ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ููŠ ุจูŠุถุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุถูŠูุฉ.
12:21
It has to be a different species. What could it be?
257
741920
2416
ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ.
ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูŠุทุงู† ุชุณู…ุงู†ูŠุงุŸ
12:24
Why couldn't it be a Tasmanian devil?
258
744360
1776
12:26
They're related, distantly, to thylacines.
259
746160
2066
ูƒู†ุช ุฐุงุช ุงู„ุตู„ุฉ ุจุนูŠุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซูŠู„ุงุณูŠู†ูŠุณ.
12:28
And then the Tasmanian devil is going to pop a thylacine out the south end.
260
748760
3690
ูˆุซู… ูŠุฌุฑูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุทุงู† ุชุณู…ุงู†ูŠุง ู„ู„ู…ู„ูˆุซุงุช ุงู„ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงุจุชุฉ
ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจูŠ.
12:33
Critics of this project say, hang on.
261
753164
3012
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุนุŒ ุชุดุจุซ.
12:36
Thylacine, Tasmanian devil? That's going to hurt.
262
756200
3607
ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู†ุŒ ุดูŠุทุงู† ุชุณู…ุงู†ูŠุงุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุฃู† ุชุคุฐูŠ.
12:40
No, it's not. These are marsupials.
263
760320
2856
ู„ุงุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ูƒุฐู„ูƒ. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุจูŠุงุช.
12:43
They give birth to babies that are the size of a jelly bean.
264
763200
2856
ููŠู„ุฏู† ุฃุทูุงู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุญุฌู… ุญุจุฉ ุฌูŠู„ูŠ.
ุฃู† ุงู„ุดูŠุทุงู† ุงู„ุชุณู…ุงู†ูŠ ู„ู† ุญุชู‰ ุชุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃู†ุฌุจุช.
12:46
That Tasmanian devil's not even going to know it gave birth.
265
766080
3376
12:49
It is, shortly, going to think
266
769480
1456
ุฃู†ู‡ุงุŒ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู‚ุตูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏ ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุฏ ุญุตู„ุช ุฃุจุดุน
12:50
it's got the ugliest Tasmanian devil baby in the world,
267
770960
3096
ุดูŠุทุงู† ุชุณู…ุงู†ูŠุง ุทูู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฑุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณูˆู ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง.
12:54
so maybe it'll need some help to keep it going.
268
774080
2913
12:58
Andrew Pask and his colleagues have demonstrated
269
778440
2256
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุธู‡ุฑ ุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆ ุจุงุณูƒ ูˆุฒู…ู„ุงุฆู‡
13:00
this might not be a waste of time.
270
780720
1856
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุถูŠุนุฉ ู„ู„ูˆู‚ุช.
13:02
And it's sort of in the future, we haven't got there yet,
271
782600
2696
ูˆู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ ูˆู†ุญู† ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู‚ุฏ ุญุตู„ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ู†ููƒุฑ.
13:05
but it's the kind of thing we want to think about.
272
785320
2376
ุฃุฎุฐูˆุง ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฎู„ู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ
13:07
They took some of this same pickled thylacine DNA
273
787720
2536
13:10
and they spliced it into a mouse genome,
274
790280
3296
ูˆุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ูุฃุฑุŒ
13:13
but they put a tag on it
275
793600
1496
ูˆู„ูƒู† ูˆุถุน ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ุฃู† ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก
13:15
so that anything that this thylacine DNA produced
276
795120
3976
ุฃู† ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู†
ุณูˆู ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ููŠ ุจูŠุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงูˆุณ.
13:19
would appear blue-green in the mouse baby.
277
799120
2856
13:22
In other words, if thylacine tissues were being produced by the thylacine DNA,
278
802000
4136
ูˆุจุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู†
ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู† ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุนุชุฑุงู.
13:26
it would be able to be recognized.
279
806160
1896
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุจุฑุฒุช ุงู„ุฑุถูŠุนุŒ ุงู…ุชู„ุฃุช ุจุงู„ุงู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚.
13:28
When the baby popped up, it was filled with blue-green tissues.
280
808080
4016
ูˆุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ู†ุญู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ู…ุนุงุŒ
13:32
And that tells us if we can get that genome back together,
281
812120
2776
13:34
get it into a live cell,
282
814920
1456
ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุญูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณูˆู ุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู†.
13:36
it's going to produce thylacine stuff.
283
816400
2494
13:39
Is this a risk?
284
819440
1536
ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฎุทุฑุŸ
13:41
You've taken the bits of one animal
285
821000
1936
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุชุฎุฐุช ู„ูƒ ุจุช ุญูŠูˆุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
13:42
and you've mixed them into the cell of a different kind of an animal.
286
822960
3247
ูˆู„ูƒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ู…ุฎุชู„ุทุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุญูŠูˆุงู†.
ู†ุญู† ุฐุงู‡ุจูˆู† ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูุฑุงู†ูƒู†ุดุชุงูŠู†ุŸ
13:46
Are we going to get a Frankenstein? Some kind of weird hybrid chimera?
287
826231
4105
ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‡ู… ู‡ุฌูŠู† ุบุฑูŠุจุŸ
13:50
And the answer is no.
288
830360
1256
ูˆุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู„ุง.
13:51
If the only nuclear DNA that goes into this hybrid cell is thylacine DNA,
289
831640
4736
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูŠู†ุฉ
ู‡ูˆ ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู† ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุฎุฑุฌ
13:56
that's the only thing that can pop out the other end of the devil.
290
836400
3170
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูŠุทุงู†.
14:00
OK, if we can do this, could we put it back?
291
840520
3496
ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชุทุนู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุถุนู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŸ
14:04
This is a key question for everybody.
292
844040
1776
ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู„ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน.
14:05
Does it have to stay in a laboratory, or could we put it back where it belongs?
293
845840
3736
ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุŒ
ุฃูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุถุนู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุญูŠุซ ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠุŸ
14:09
Could we put it back in the throne of the king of beasts in Tasmania,
294
849600
3376
ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุถุนู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุนุฑุด ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆุด
ููŠ ุชุณู…ุงู†ูŠุง ุญูŠุซ ุชู†ุชู…ูŠุŒ ุงุณุชุนุงุฏุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฅูŠูƒูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุŸ
14:13
restore that ecosystem?
295
853000
1496
14:14
Or has Tasmania changed so much that that's no longer possible?
296
854520
3909
ุฃูˆ ุชุบูŠุฑุช ุชุณู…ุงู†ูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ
ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู… ูŠุนุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุงู‹ุŸ
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุชุณู…ุงู†ูŠุง. ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช
14:19
I've been to Tasmania.
297
859000
1776
14:20
I've been to many of the areas where the thylacines were common.
298
860800
3016
ุญูŠุซ ุซูŠู„ุงุณูŠู†ูŠุณ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ.
14:23
I've even spoken to people, like Peter Carter here,
299
863840
2856
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชุญุฏุซุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุจูŠุชุฑ ูƒุงุฑุชุฑ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุญุชู‰
14:26
who when I spoke to him, was 90 years old,
300
866720
2256
ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุญุฏุซุช ู…ุนู‡ ูƒุงู† 90 ุนุงู…ุงู‹ุŒ
ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุนุงู… 1926ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ูˆูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ูˆุงู„ุดู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
14:29
but in 1926, this man and his father and his brother
301
869000
3856
14:32
caught thylacines.
302
872880
1376
ุซูŠู„ุงุณูŠู†ูŠุณ ุงุดุชุนู„ุช. ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ุญุงุตุฑูˆู† ู„ู‡ู….
14:34
They trapped them.
303
874280
1336
14:35
And when I spoke to this man, I was looking in his eyes and thinking,
304
875640
4296
ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ูู‚ุทุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุญุฏุซุช ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ุŒ
ูƒู†ุช ุชุจุญุซ ููŠ ุนูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑุŒ
14:39
"Behind those eyes is a brain that has memories of what thylacines feel like,
305
879960
6176
ูˆุฑุงุก ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐูƒุฑูŠุงุช ู…ุง ุฃุดุนุฑ ุซูŠู„ุงุณูŠู†ูŠุณุŒ
14:46
what they smelled like, what they sounded like."
306
886160
2456
ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฑุงุฆุญุฉ ู…ุซู„ุŒ ู…ุง ูƒุฃู†ู‡.
14:48
He led them around on a rope.
307
888640
1536
ูˆู‚ุงุฏ ุญูˆู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุญุจู„.
14:50
He has personal experiences
308
890200
2056
ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุฎุจุฑุงุช ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ
14:52
that I would give my left leg to have in my head.
309
892280
3219
ุฃู† ูƒู†ุช ุชุนุทูŠ ุณุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑู‰ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฑุฃุณูŠ.
ูˆู†ุญู† ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ุฃุญุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุดูŠุก ูŠุญุฏุซ.
14:56
We'd all love to have this sort of thing happen.
310
896000
2296
14:58
Anyway, I asked Peter, by any chance,
311
898320
2256
ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ุŒ ุทู„ุจ ุจูŠุชุฑุŒ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูŠ ูุฑุตุฉุŒ
15:00
could he take us back to where he caught those thylacines.
312
900600
2736
ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุก ุฅู„ู‰ ุญูŠุซ ุฃู„ู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุจุถ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุซูŠู„ุงุณูŠู†ูŠุณ.
ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูŠ ููŠ ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุชุบูŠุฑุช ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ.
15:03
My interest was in whether the environment had changed.
313
903360
2616
ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ. ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ูƒุงู† ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† 80 ุนุงู…ุงู‹ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ุฐุง
15:06
He thought hard. It was nearly 80 years before this that he'd been at this hut.
314
906000
3776
ุฃู† ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒูˆุฎ.
15:09
At any rate, he led us down this bush track,
315
909800
2256
ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุฏู‰ ุจู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุณูู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑ ุจูˆุดุŒ
ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ ูƒุงู† ุญู‚ ุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชุฐูƒุฑุŒ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฎุŒ
15:12
and there, right where he remembered,
316
912080
1976
15:14
was the hut,
317
914080
1256
15:15
and tears came into his eyes.
318
915360
2456
ูˆุฌุงุกุช ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆุน ููŠ ุนูŠู†ูŠุฉ.
15:17
He looked at the hut. We went inside.
319
917840
1816
ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชุทู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฎ. ุฐู‡ุจู†ุง ุฏุงุฎู„.
15:19
There were the wooden boards on the sides of the hut
320
919680
2456
ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ูˆุญุงุช ุฎุดุจูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุฎ
ุญูŠุซ ูƒุงู† ูŠู†ุงู… ู‡ูˆ ูˆูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ูˆุงู„ุดู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„.
15:22
where he and his father and his brother had slept at night.
321
922160
2776
15:24
And he told me, as it all was flooding back in memories.
322
924960
2656
ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ูƒุงู† ุงู„ููŠุถุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุฐูƒุฑูŠุงุช.
ูˆู‚ุงู„ "ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ุซูŠู„ุงุณูŠู†ูŠุณ ุชุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ูƒูˆุฎ
15:27
He said, "I remember the thylacines going around the hut
323
927640
2656
ุฃุชุณุงุกู„ ู…ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฏุงุฎู„ "ุŒ ูˆุฃุถุงู ุฃู†
15:30
wondering what was inside,"
324
930320
1336
15:31
and he said they made sounds like "Yip! Yip! Yip!"
325
931680
3496
ุฌุนู„ูˆุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ "ูŠูŠุจ! ูŠูŠุจ! ูŠูŠุจ! "
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู† ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ูˆู…ุง ูŠุชุฐูƒุฑ.
15:35
All of these are parts of his life and what he remembers.
326
935200
3216
ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุชุณุฃู„ ุจูŠุชุฑุŒ
15:38
And the key question for me was to ask Peter, has it changed?
327
938440
3416
15:41
And he said no.
328
941880
1216
ุชุบูŠุฑุชุŸ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ุง.
ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุงู„ุบุงุจุงุช ุงู„ุฒุงู† ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจูŠ ู„ู‡ ู‡ุช
15:43
The southern beech forests surrounded his hut
329
943120
2136
ุชู…ุงู…ุง ูƒู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุนุงู… 1926.
15:45
just like it was when he was there in 1926.
330
945280
2336
15:47
The grasslands were sweeping away.
331
947640
1976
ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุนูŠ ุงู„ูƒุงุณุญุฉ.
15:49
That's classic thylacine habitat.
332
949640
1976
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฆู„ ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุณูŠูƒูŠุฉ.
15:51
And the animals in those areas were the same that were there
333
951640
2856
ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู†ูุณู‡ุง
ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู† ุญูˆู„ู‡ุง.
15:54
when the thylacine was around.
334
954520
1456
ู„ุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุถุนู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŸ ู†ุนู….
15:56
So could we put it back? Yes.
335
956000
1520
15:58
Is that all we would do? And this is an interesting question.
336
958640
3616
ู‡ู„ ู†ุญู† ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ู…ุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู….
ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุถุนู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
16:02
Sometimes you might be able to put it back,
337
962280
2256
16:04
but is that the safest way to make sure it never goes extinct again?
338
964560
3216
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ู… ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู†
ู„ู… ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ู…ู†ู‚ุฑุถุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ.
16:07
And I don't think so.
339
967800
1536
16:09
I think gradually, as we see species all around the world,
340
969360
3296
ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌูŠุงุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
16:12
it's kind of a mantra that wildlife is increasingly not safe in the wild.
341
972680
3776
ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุชุนูˆูŠุฐุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชุฒุงูŠุฏ
ู„ูŠุณุช ุขู…ู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ.
16:16
We'd love to think it is, but we know it isn't.
342
976480
2191
ูƒู†ุง ู†ุญุจ ุฃู† ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช.
16:18
We need other parallel strategies coming online.
343
978695
2401
ูˆู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุช ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช.
16:21
And this one interests me.
344
981120
1496
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู„ูŠ.
16:22
Some of the thylacines that were being turned in to zoos,
345
982640
2722
ุจุนุถ ุซูŠู„ุงุณูŠู†ูŠุณ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุŒ
16:25
sanctuaries, even at the museums,
346
985386
1750
ู…ุญู…ูŠุงุช ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉุŒ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุงุญูุŒ
16:27
had collar marks on the neck.
347
987160
1845
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุทูˆู‚ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจุฉ.
16:29
They were being kept as pets,
348
989520
1896
ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃุจู‚ูŠุช ูƒุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุฃู„ูŠูุฉุŒ
16:31
and we know a lot of bush tales and memories
349
991440
2976
ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุญูƒุงูŠุงุช ุจูˆุด ูˆุฐูƒุฑูŠุงุช
16:34
of people who had them as pets,
350
994440
1536
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ู… ูƒุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุฃู„ูŠูุฉุŒ
ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฑุงุฆุนุฉุŒ ูˆูˆุฏูŠุฉ.
16:36
and they say they were wonderful, friendly.
351
996000
2176
16:38
This particular one
352
998200
1216
ูˆุฌุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนูŠู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุงุจุฉ
16:39
came in out of the forest to lick this boy
353
999440
2976
ู„ุนู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตุจูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌุนุฏ ุญุชู‰
16:42
and curled up around the fireplace to go to sleep.
354
1002440
2610
ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูุฃุฉ ู„ู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูˆู…. ุญูŠูˆุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ.
16:45
A wild animal.
355
1005074
1382
16:46
And I'd like to ask the question. We need to think about this.
356
1006480
4296
ูˆุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุงุณุฃู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŒ ุฌู…ูŠุน-
ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง.
16:50
If it had not been illegal to keep these thylacines as pets then,
357
1010800
5456
ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ู„ู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุซูŠู„ุงุณูŠู†ูŠุณ ูƒุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุฃู„ูŠูุฉ
ุซู…ุŒ ุซูŠู„ุณูŠู† ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู†ู‚ุฑุถุช ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ
16:56
would the thylacine be extinct now?
358
1016280
2176
16:58
And I'm positive it wouldn't.
359
1018480
1736
ูˆุฃู†ุง ูˆุงุซู‚ ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ู†.
17:00
We need to think about this in today's world.
360
1020240
2492
ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
17:03
Could it be that getting animals close to us so that we value them,
361
1023240
4536
ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ู„ู†ุง
ุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ุฑุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู„ู† ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ู…ู†ู‚ุฑุถุฉุŸ
17:07
maybe they won't go extinct?
362
1027800
1376
17:09
And this is such a critical issue for us
363
1029200
2536
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุญุณุงุณุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุงุŒ
17:11
because if we don't do that,
364
1031760
1336
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ู†ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู†ุญู† ุฐุงู‡ุจูˆู† ู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ
17:13
we're going to watch more of these animals plunge off the precipice.
365
1033120
4136
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ูŠุบุฑู‚ ู‚ุจุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุงูˆูŠุฉ.
17:17
As far as I'm concerned,
366
1037280
1216
ูˆุจู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุง ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ
17:18
this is why we're trying to do these kinds of de-extinction projects.
367
1038520
4136
ู†ุญู† ู†ุณุนู‰ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ุงู„ู€ ุฏูŠ-ุฅูŠูƒุณุชูŠู†ูƒุดู†.
17:22
We are trying to restore that balance of nature
368
1042680
3056
ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงุณุชุนุงุฏุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ
17:25
that we have upset.
369
1045760
1565
ุฃู† ู†ุญู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูุงุฌุฃุฉ.
17:27
Thank you.
370
1047793
1183
ุดูƒุฑุง.
(ุชุตููŠู‚)
17:29
(Applause)
371
1049000
2720
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7