Michael Archer: How we'll resurrect the gastric brooding frog, the Tasmanian tiger

51,204 views ・ 2013-06-27

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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λ²ˆμ—­: Tae Young Choi κ²€ν† : K Bang
00:12
I do want to test this question we're all interested in:
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μ €λŠ” 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 관심을 가지고 μžˆλŠ” 이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ 확인해 보고자 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€:
00:15
Does extinction have to be forever?
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ν•œ 번 λ©Έμ’…λ˜λ©΄ μ˜μ›νžˆ λλ‚˜λ²„λ¦° κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:18
I'm focused on two projects I want to tell you about.
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μ €λŠ” 두 가지 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜μ—¬ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
One is the Thylacine Project.
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ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€(Thylacine) ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
The other one is the Lazarus Project,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 라자러슀(Lazarus) ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
00:25
and that's focused on the gastric-brooding frog.
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이건 μœ„λΆ€ν™” 개ꡬ리(gastric brooding frog)κ°€ 주된 연ꡬ λŒ€μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
And it would be a fair question to ask,
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그리고 이건 μ˜λ¬Έμ„ ν’ˆμ–΄λ³΄κΈ°μ— μ μ ˆν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
why have we focused on these two animals?
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μ™œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 두 동물에 집쀑해 μ™”μ„κΉŒμš”?
00:32
Well, point number one, each of them represents a unique family of its own.
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첫째, 이 각각은
자기 고유의 λ…νŠΉν•œ 쒅을 λŒ€λ³€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
We've lost a whole family.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μ’… 전체λ₯Ό μžƒμ—ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
That's a big chunk of the global genome gone.
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전세계 κ²Œλ†ˆμ˜ 큰 뢀뢄이 사라진 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
I'd like it back.
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έ κ±Έ λ˜μ°Ύμ•„ 였고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
The second reason is that we killed these things.
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 동물듀을 μ£½μ˜€λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
In the case of the thylacine, regrettably, we shot every one that we saw.
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€μ˜ 경우, μ• μ„ν•˜κ²Œλ„
λ³΄λŠ”λŒ€λ‘œ 쏴 μ£½μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ°μ‚΄ν•œ 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
We slaughtered them.
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00:54
In the case of the gastric-brooding frog, we may have "fungicided" it to death.
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μœ„λΆ€ν™” 개ꡬ리의 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”,
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 균으둜 μ£½μ˜€μ„ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
There's a dreadful fungus that's moving through the world
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μ‹Έμ΄νŠΈλ¦¬λ“œ(chytrid)균이라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”
μ „ 세계에 퍼진 이 균이
01:02
that's called the chytrid fungus,
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κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬λ“€μ„ 죽이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
and it's nailing frogs all over the world.
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01:06
We think that's probably what got this frog,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 균이 μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 이 개ꡬ리λ₯Ό μ£½μ˜€μ„ 거라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
and humans are spreading this fungus.
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그리고 인간이 이 균을 퍼뜨리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
And this introduces a very important ethical point,
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이것은 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 윀리적인 λ…Όμ˜μ„ μ΄λŒμ–΄λ‚΄λŠ”λ°,
01:13
and I think you will have heard this many times
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이런 μ£Όμ œκ°€ λ‚˜μ˜¬ λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ μ—¬λŸ¬λ²ˆ
01:15
when this topic comes up.
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λ“£κ²Œ λ˜μ‹€ 것이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
What I think is important
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μ œκ°€ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것은,
01:19
is that, if it's clear that we exterminated these species,
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λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ •λ§λ‘œ 이 쒅듀을 λͺ°μ‚΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
01:22
then I think we not only have a moral obligation
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ œκ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 도덕적 μ˜λ¬΄κ°μ„ 가지고
01:26
to see what we can do about it,
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이 동물에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν• μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ” 것을 μ‚΄νŽ΄μ•Ό ν•  뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
01:27
but I think we've got a moral imperative to try to do something, if we can.
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ν•  수만 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ 뭐든 μ‹œλ„ν•΄ λ³΄λ €λŠ” 도덕적 μ ˆλ°•κ°μ„ κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:32
OK. Let me talk to you about the Lazarus Project.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”. 라자러슀 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€κ»˜ μ„€λͺ…λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
It's a frog. And you think, frog.
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이것은 κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬μ—μš”. μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” κ±°μ£ , 개ꡬ리 λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
Yeah, but this was not just any frog.
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예, κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 것은 보톡 κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
Unlike a normal frog, which lays its eggs in the water
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보톡 κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬λ“€κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 보톡 κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬λ“€μ€ λ¬Όμ•ˆμ— μ•Œμ„ λ‚³κ³ λŠ”
01:44
and goes away and wishes its froglets well,
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κ·Έ μ•Œμ΄ κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬κ°€ 되기λ₯Ό 바라며 남겨두고 λ– λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
this frog swallowed its fertilized eggs,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬λŠ” μˆ˜μ •λž€λ“€μ„ μ§‘μ–΄μ‚Όν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ•Œμ„ μ‚ΌμΌœ μœ„μž₯으둜 λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ”λ° κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬λŠ” 거기에 μŒμ‹λ¬Όμ„ 가지고 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:51
swallowed them into the stomach, where it should be having food,
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01:54
didn't digest the eggs, and turned its stomach into a uterus.
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μ•Œλ“€μ„ μ†Œν™”μ‹œν‚€μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λ‚˜μ„œ μžμ‹ μ˜ μœ„λ₯Ό 자ꢁ으둜 λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
In the stomach, the eggs went on to develop into tadpoles,
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μœ„ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ, μ•Œλ“€μ€ μ˜¬μ±™μ΄λ‘œ λΆ€ν™”ν•˜κ³ ,
02:02
and in the stomach, the tadpoles went on to develop into frogs,
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μœ„μ•ˆμ—μ„œ, μ˜¬μ±™μ΄λŠ” κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ 개ꡬ리둜 μ„±μž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
and they grew in the stomach
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그리고 그듀은 μœ„ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 자라
02:08
until eventually the poor old frog was at risk of bursting apart.
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κ·Έ λΆˆμŒν•œ λ‚˜μ΄λ“  κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬κ°€ 갈라져 터져버릴 μœ„ν—˜μ— λ‹€λ‹€λ₯Ό λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ μ„±μž₯ν•˜μ£ .
02:12
It has a little cough and a hiccup, and out comes sprays of little frogs.
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λ‚˜μ΄λ“  κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬κ°€ κ°€λ²Όμš΄ κΈ°μΉ¨μ΄λ‚˜ λ”ΈκΎΉμ§ˆμ„ ν•˜λ©΄
μž‘μ€ κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬λ“€μ΄ 물보라처럼 λ°–μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:16
Now, when biologists saw this, they were agog.
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μƒλ¬Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄ 이 κ±Έ 봀을 λ•Œ, λ‚œλ¦¬λ²•μ„μ„ λ–¨μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
They thought, this is incredible.
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μƒλ¬Όν•™μžλ“€ 생각에 이런 것은 λ―ΏκΈ° μ–΄λ €μ› κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
02:20
No animal, let alone a frog, has been known to do this,
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μ–΄λ–€ 동물도, 개ꡬ리 μ’…λ“€λ§Œ 보아도, 이런 일을 ν•œλ‹€κ³ λŠ” μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
to change one organ in the body into another.
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λͺΈμ•ˆμ— μžˆλŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 쑰직을 λ‹€λ₯Έ 쑰직으둜 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 그런 것 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
And you can imagine the medical world went nuts over this as well.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이둜 인해 μ˜ν•™κ³„ λ˜ν•œ 바보가 λ˜μ–΄ 버린 것을 μ‰½κ²Œ μƒμƒν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
If we could understand
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λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έ κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬κ°€
02:32
how that frog is managing the way its tummy works,
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λ°°μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 그런 일을 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 이해 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
02:35
is there information here that we need to understand
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여기에 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이해할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ μœ μš©ν•˜κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 정보가
02:37
or could usefully use to help ourselves?
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μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:41
Now, I'm not suggesting we want to raise our babies in our stomach,
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μ§€κΈˆ, μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬λ„ 아기듀을 μœ„μ—μ„œ ν‚€μš°μžλŠ” μ œμ•ˆμ„ ν•˜λŠ”κ²Œ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
but I am suggesting it's possible
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” 이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μœ„μ—μ„œ μœ„ λΆ„λΉ„λ₯Ό
02:46
we might want to manage gastric secretion in the gut.
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ν†΅μ œν• μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ œμ•ˆν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
And just as everybody got excited about it, bang!
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그리고 λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이것에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό κ°–κ²Œ 되자, 팑!
02:51
It was extinct.
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이것은 λ©Έμ’…λ˜μ–΄ λ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ €λŠ” 제 친ꡬ인 μ•„λΈλΌμ΄λ°λŒ€ν•™μ˜
02:54
I called up my friend,
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02:55
Professor Mike Tyler in the University of Adelaide.
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마이크 νƒ€μΌλŸ¬(Mike Tyler) κ΅μˆ˜μ—κ²Œ μ „ν™”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·ΈλŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ 연ꡬ싀에 이 개ꡬ리λ₯Ό 가지고 있던
02:58
He was the last person who had this frog, a colony of these things, in his lab.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ‚¬λžŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
And I said, "Mike, by any chance --" This was 30 or 40 years ago.
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μ œκ°€ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, "마이크, ν˜Ήμ‹œλΌλ„--"
그건 30, 40λ…„ μ „ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. --
03:05
"By any chance had you kept any frozen tissue of this frog?"
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"ν˜Ήμ‹œλΌλ„ 이 개ꡬ리 세포λ₯Ό μ’€ 가지고 μžˆμ–΄?"
03:09
And he thought about it,
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κ·Έκ°€ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄λ”λ‹ˆ 냉동고 κΉŠμˆ™νžˆ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
and he went to his deep freezer, minus 20 degrees centigrade,
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κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λŠ” 섭씨 μ˜ν•˜ 20λ„μ˜ λƒ‰λ™κ³ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ
03:14
and he poured through everything in the freezer,
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λͺ¨λ“  것듀을 κΊΌλƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
λ°”λ‹₯μ—λŠ” 항아리가 ν•˜λ‚˜ μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°.
03:16
and there in the bottom was a jar and it contained tissues of these frogs.
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κ±°κΈ°μ—λŠ” 이 κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬λ“€μ˜ 쑰직이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
This was very exciting,
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그건 맀우 ν₯λΆ„λ˜λŠ” μΌμ΄μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:22
but there was no reason why we should expect that this would work,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μ•Œλ“€μ΄ μž‘λ™ν•˜λ¦¬λΌκ³  κΈ°λŒ€ν•  μ΄μœ κ°€ μ „ν˜€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
because this tissue had not had any antifreeze put in it,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이 μ‘°μ§μ—λŠ” λƒ‰λ™λ°©μ§€μ œκ°€ μ „ν˜€ μ²¨κ°€λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κ±°λ“ μš”.
03:29
cryoprotectants, to look after it when it was frozen.
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λƒ‰λ™λ°©μ§€μ œλŠ” 세포λ₯Ό 얼릴 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
And normally, when water freezes, as you know, it expands,
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό 보톡 물은 μ–Όλ©΄μ„œ νŒ½μ°½ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
and the same thing happens in a cell.
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쑰직도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ£ .
03:37
If you freeze tissues, the water expands, damages or bursts the cell walls.
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쑰직을 얼리면 물의 팽창으둜 인해
세포벽듀이 μ†μƒλ˜κ±°λ‚˜ νŒŒμ—΄λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
음, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜„λ―Έκ²½μœΌλ‘œ 세포λ₯Ό λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
Well, we looked at the tissue under the microscope.
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03:44
It actually didn't look bad. The cell walls looked intact.
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사싀 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ‚˜μ˜κ²Œ 보이지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 세포 벽은 μ˜¨μ „ν•΄ λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, ν•œ 번 ν•΄λ³΄μž.
03:47
So we thought, let's give it a go.
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μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
03:49
What we did is something called somatic cell nuclear transplantation.
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체내 세포핡 μ΄μ‹μˆ μ΄λΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 방법을 μ‹œλ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
We took the eggs of a related species, a living frog,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” κ΄€λ ¨ μ’… 개ꡬ리의 μ•Œμ„ κ°€μ Έλ‹€κ°€
03:57
and we inactivated the nucleus of the egg.
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μ•Œμ˜ 핡을 λΉ„ν™œμ„±ν™” μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
We used ultraviolet radiation to do that.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 거기에 μžμ™Έμ„ μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ£ .
04:02
And then we took the dead nucleus from the dead tissue of the extinct frog
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그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ λ©Έμ’…λœ 개ꡬ리의 죽은 μ‘°μ§μ—μ„œ
죽은 세포핡을 κ°€μ Έμ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ 그리고 κ·Έ 핡듀을 μ•Œμ— μ‚½μž…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
and we inserted those nuclei into that egg.
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04:10
Now, by rights, this is kind of like a cloning project,
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κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것은 λ³΅μ œμ™€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ³΅μ œμ–‘ λŒλ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œλ˜ 것과 κ°™μ£ . κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이것은 맀우 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
like what produced Dolly,
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04:15
but it's actually very different,
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04:16
because Dolly was live sheep into live sheep cells.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 돌리의 κ²½μš°λŠ” μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” μ–‘μ˜ 세포λ₯Ό μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” μ–‘μ˜ 세포에 μ£Όμž…ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
That was a miracle, but it was workable.
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이것은 κΈ°μ μ΄μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ, μ‹€ν˜„μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‹œλ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것은 λ©Έμ’…λœ μ’…μ—μ„œ 죽은 핡을 λ–Όμ–΄λ‚΄
04:22
What we're trying to do is take a dead nucleus from an extinct species
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04:25
and put it into a completely different species and expect that to work.
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이것을 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ 쒅에 μ£Όμž…ν•œ ν›„, μž‘λ™ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
Well, we had no real reason to expect it would,
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음, 사싀 μ €ν¬λŠ” 이것이 μ‹€ν˜„λ˜λ¦¬λΌλŠ” κΈ°λŒ€λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
04:31
and we tried hundreds and hundreds of these.
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이런 과정을 수 백번 수 천번 μ‹œλ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
And just last February, the last time we did these trials,
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그리고 μ§€λ‚œ 2μ›” , λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ‹œλ„ 끝에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μ‹œλ„μ— μ„±κ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
I saw a miracle starting to happen.
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μ €λŠ” 기적이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Έ 것은, 이 μ•Œλ“€μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ μžλΌλ‚˜μ§€ λͺ» ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
What we found was most of these eggs didn't work,
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04:44
but then suddenly, one of them began to divide.
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그런데 κ°‘μžκΈ° κ·Έ μ•Œλ“€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ λΆ„μ—΄ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
That was so exciting.
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μ•„μ£Ό ν₯λΆ„λ˜μ—ˆμ£ . 그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ κ·Έ μ•Œμ€ λ‹€μ‹œ 세포 뢄열을 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:48
And then the egg divided again. And then again.
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계속 λ°˜λ³΅ν–ˆμ£ . 그리고 곧 μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
04:51
And pretty soon, we had early-stage embryos
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이걸 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 수백개의 μ„Έν¬λ‘œ 된 초기 λ‹¨κ³„μ˜ λ°°μ•„λ₯Ό κ°–κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
with hundreds of cells forming those.
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04:57
We even DNA-tested some of these cells,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μ„Έν¬λ“€μ˜ DNAλ₯Ό ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
그리고 λ©Έμ’…λœ 개ꡬ리의 DNAκ°€ κ·Έ 세포듀 μ•ˆμ— μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:00
and the DNA of the extinct frog is in those cells.
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05:04
So we're very excited. This is not a tadpole. It's not a frog.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 맀우 ν₯λΆ„ν–ˆμ£ . 이것은 μ˜¬μ±™μ΄κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이것은 κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이것은
05:07
But it's a long way along the journey
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05:10
to producing, or bringing back, an extinct species.
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λ©Έμ’…λœ 쒅듀을 μƒμ‚°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ˜μ‚΄λ €λ‚΄λŠ” μ—¬μ •μ˜ κΈ°λ‚˜κΈ΄ κΈΈμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
And this is news.
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이것은 λ‰΄μŠ€κ±°λ¦¬μ£ . μ €ν¬λŠ” 이런 사싀을 μ˜ˆμ „μ— 곡개적으둜 λ°œν‘œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
We haven't announced this publicly before.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν₯λΆ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이런 μ‹œμ μ„ ν†΅κ³Όν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
We're excited.
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05:18
We've got to get past this point.
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05:19
We now want this ball of cells to start to gastrulate,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ 이 세포 곡이 λ‚­λ°°λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ 
05:22
to turn in so that it will produce the other tissues.
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λ°”λ€Œμ–΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ 쑰직듀을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄κΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
It'll go on and produce a tadpole and then a frog.
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이것이 κ³„μ†λ˜μ–΄ μ˜¬μ±™μ΄λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬λ„ λ§Œλ“€κ² μ§€μš”.
05:28
Watch this space.
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이 곡간을 λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬κ°€ 이 세상에
05:30
I think we're going to have this frog hopping
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λ‹€μ‹œ λŒμ•„μ˜¨ 것이 κΈ°λ»μ„œ κΉ‘μΆ© κΉ‘μΆ© λ›°μ–΄λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” 것을 보게 될거라 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:32
glad to be back in the world again.
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κ³ λ§™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (λ°•μˆ˜ κ°ˆμ±„)
05:34
(Applause)
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05:36
Thank you.
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05:37
(Applause)
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05:39
We haven't done it yet, but keep the applause ready.
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아직 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이것을 μ™„μˆ˜ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ λ°•μˆ˜ κ°ˆμ±„λ₯Ό 보내주싀 μ€€λΉ„λ₯Ό κ³„μ†ν•˜κ³  κ³„μ„Έμš”.
μ œκ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” λ‘λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
The second project I want to talk to you about is the Thylacine Project.
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05:47
The thylacine looks a bit, to most people, like a dog,
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 개처럼 λ³΄μ΄κ±°λ‚˜
05:50
or maybe like a tiger, because it has stripes.
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λ˜λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆ ν˜Έλž‘μ΄μ²˜λŸΌ 보일 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이 녀석이 μ€„λ¬΄λŠ¬λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 ν˜Έλž‘μ΄μ™€λŠ” μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° 관계가 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
But it's not related to any of those. It's a marsupial.
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이 동물은 μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μƒˆλΌλŠ” μž‘μ€ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ μžλΌλ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
It raised its young in a pouch, like a koala or a kangaroo would do,
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μ½”μ•ŒλΌλ‚˜ μΊ₯거루가 ν•˜λŠ” 것 처럼 말이죠.
이 녀석은 κΈ΄ 역사λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€μžˆμ–΄μš”. μ•„μ£Ό κΈΈκ³  맀λ ₯적인 μ—­μ‚¬μ§€μš”.
06:00
and it has a long history, a long, fascinating history,
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06:05
that goes back 25 million years.
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κ·Έ μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” 2,500λ°±λ§Œλ…„ μ „μœΌλ‘œ 거슬러 μ˜¬λΌκ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그것은 λ˜ν•œ λΉ„κ·Ήμ˜ μ—­μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
But it's also a tragic history.
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06:10
The first one that we see occurs in the ancient rain forests of Australia
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첫번째둜 이 녀석듀은 κ³ λŒ€μ˜ μš°λ¦Όμ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν–ˆλ‹€κ³  λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λŒ€λž΅ 2,500λ°±λ§Œλ…„ μ „ ν˜Έμ£Όμ—μ„œμ£ .
06:15
about 25 million years ago,
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그리고 λ‚΄μ…”λ‚ μ§€μ˜€κ·Έλž˜ν”½ ν˜‘νšŒλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 화석 퇴적물듀을
06:17
and the National Geographic Society
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06:19
is helping us to explore these fossil deposits.
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μ°ΎλŠ”λ° 도움을 μ£Όκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것은 λ¦¬λ²„μŠ€λ ˆμ΄(화석 μ„Όν„°) μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:21
This is Riversleigh.
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06:23
In those fossil rocks are some amazing animals.
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이 화석 돌 쀑에 μ•½κ°„ λ†€λΌμš΄ 동물듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:26
We found marsupial lions.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆ μ‚¬μžλ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:28
We found carnivorous kangaroos.
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μœ‘μ‹ μΊ₯거루도 μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
It's not what you usually think about as a kangaroo,
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이것은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μΊ₯거루가 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 녀석은 κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ¨ΉλŠ” μΊ₯κ±°λ£¨μ—μš”.
06:33
but these are meat-eating kangaroos.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 큰 μƒˆλ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
06:35
We found the biggest bird in the world,
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06:37
bigger than that thing that was in Madagascar,
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λ§ˆλ‹€κ°€μŠ€μΉ΄μ— μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μƒˆ 보닀 더 큰 μƒˆμ˜€μ£ .
06:39
and it too was a flesh eater.
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ 이것은 μœ‘μ‹ μ’…μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•„μ£Ό 크고, μ΄μƒν•œ μ˜€λ¦¬κ°™μ•˜μ§€μš”.
06:40
It was a giant, weird duck.
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06:43
And crocodiles were not behaving at that time either.
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그리고 악어듀은 κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ— μ§€κΈˆμ²˜λŸΌ μ μž–μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:45
You think of crocodiles as doing their ugly thing,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ•…μ–΄κ°€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λͺ»μƒκΈ΄ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ ν•œ 채
06:48
sitting in a pool of water.
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λ¬Ό 웅덩이 속에 μ•‰μ•„μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
These crocodiles were actually out on the land
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이 악어듀은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ•…μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
and they were even climbing trees and jumping on prey on the ground.
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그리고 이듀은 심지어 μœ‘μ§€μ—μ„œ λ‚˜λ¬΄μ— κΈ°μ–΄μ˜€λ₯΄κ±°λ‚˜ 먹이λ₯Ό
λ₯μΉ˜κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
We had, in Australia, drop crocs. They really do exist.
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ν˜Έμ£Όμ—μ„œ μ•…μ–΄μ˜ μˆ˜λŠ” κ°μ†Œν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ 아직 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:01
(Laughter)
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07:02
But what they were dropping on was not only other weird animals
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그런 κ°μ†Œμ„ΈλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μƒν•œ 동물듀 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
ν…Œμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€μ—λ„ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
07:05
but also thylacines.
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07:07
There were five different kinds of thylacines in those ancient forests,
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κ³ λŒ€μ˜ μˆ²μ—λŠ” λ‹€μ„― μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ ν…Œμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이듀은 μ•„μ£Ό 큰 것뢀터 쀑간 크기λ₯Ό 거쳐
07:11
and they ranged from great big ones to middle-sized ones
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07:15
to one that was about the size of a chihuahua.
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μΉ˜μ™€μ™€ μ •λ„μ˜ ν¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€λ‘œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
Paris Hilton would have been able
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패리슀 힐튼이 μž‘μ€ ν•Έλ“œλ°±μ•ˆμ—
μ•…μ–΄μ˜ κ°œμ²΄κ°€ μ€„μ–΄λ“ λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜μ‹ν•  수 μžˆμ„ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€
07:21
to carry one of these things around in a little handbag,
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07:23
until a drop croc landed on her.
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이 동물을 λ„£κ³  λ‹€λ‹μˆ˜ μžˆμ—ˆμ„ 지도 λͺ°λΌμš”.
07:25
At any rate, it was a fascinating place,
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μ—¬ν•˜νŠΌ, 이곳은 맀λ ₯적인 μž₯μ†Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
07:27
but unfortunately, Australia didn't stay this way.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œλ„, ν˜Έμ£ΌλŠ” 이 μƒνƒœμ— 머무λ₯΄μ§€ μ•˜μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
Climate change has affected the world for a long period of time,
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였랜 μ‹œκ°„μ— 걸쳐 μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λ‚ μ”¨λŠ” λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆκ³ ,
07:33
and gradually, the forests disappeared, the country began to dry out,
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그리고 μ°¨μ°¨, κ·Έ μˆ²λ“€μ€ μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν˜Έμ£Όκ°€ 건쑰해지기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
07:38
and the number of kinds of thylacines began to decline,
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λ„ κ°μ†Œν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
until by five million years ago,
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5λ°±λ§Œλ…„ μ „κΉŒμ§€λŠ” 단 ν•œ μ’…λ§Œ λ‚¨μ•˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
only one left.
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07:43
By 10,000 years ago, they had disappeared from New Guinea,
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1λ§Œλ…„ μ „ 에 이듀은
λ‰΄κΈ°λ‹ˆμ•„μ—μ„œ μ™„μ „νžˆ μ‚¬λΌμ‘Œμ§€μš”.
07:47
and unfortunately, by 4,000 years ago, somebodies, we don't know who this was,
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그리고 λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œλ„ 4μ²œλ…„ μ „μ—λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€
λˆ„κ΅¬μΈμ§€λŠ” λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ, λ“€κ°œλ₯Ό ν˜Έμ£Όμ— --
07:54
introduced dingoes -- this is a very archaic kind of a dogΒ --
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이것은 ν˜Έμ£Όμ—μ„œ 맀우 였래된 λΆ€λ₯˜μ˜ 개인데-- λ„μž…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
into Australia.
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λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό , ν˜Έμ£Όμ‚° λ“€κ°œλŠ” λͺΈμ˜ ν˜•νƒœκ°€
07:59
And as you can see,
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08:00
dingoes are very similar in their body form to thylacines.
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€μ™€ 맀우 μœ μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:03
That similarity meant they probably competed.
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κ·Έ μœ μ‚¬ν•¨μ€ 그듀이 μ•„λ§ˆλ„ κ²½μŸν–ˆμŒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:06
They were eating the same kinds of foods.
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그듀은 같은 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μŒμ‹μ„ λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
원주민듀은 λ“€κ°œλ₯Ό μ• μ™„ λ™λ¬Όλ‘œ 킀웠을 μˆ˜λ„ 있고
08:08
It's even possible that aborigines were keeping some of these dingoes as pets,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ
08:12
and therefore they may have had an advantage in the battle for survival.
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λ“€κ°œκ°€ 생쑴 μ „μŸμ—μ„œ 이점을 κ°€μ‘Œμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:16
All we know is, soon after the dingoes were brought in,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” λ°”λ‘œλŠ”, λ“€κ°œκ°€ λ„μž…λœ 직후에
08:18
thylacines were extinct in the Australian mainland,
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λŠ” 호주 λ³Έν† μ—μ„œ λ©Έμ’…λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
08:21
and after that they only survived in Tasmania.
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κ·Έ ν›„λ‘œλŠ” νƒ€μ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„μ—μ„œλ§Œ μ‚΄μ•„λ‚¨μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
Then, unfortunately,
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그리고, λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œλ„, 이 νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€μ˜ λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ μŠ¬ν”ˆ 이야기가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:26
the next sad part of the thylacine story is that Europeans arrived in 1788,
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λŠ” 1788년에 μœ λŸ½μ— μ™”λŠ”λ°
08:31
and they brought with them the things they valued,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 그듀이 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ‘λŠ” 것듀을 ν•¨κ»˜ 가지고 μ™”μ–΄μš”. κ·Έμ•ˆμ—λŠ” 양도 ν¬ν•¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
and that included sheep.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λ₯Ό μŠ¬μ©λ³΄κ³ λŠ”
08:36
They took one look at the thylacine in Tasmania,
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08:38
and they thought, hang on, this is not going to work.
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μƒκ°ν–ˆμ£ . 'μž μ‹œλ§Œ, 이건 썩 쒋지 μ•Šμ„κ±° κ°™μ•„.
08:42
That guy is going to eat all our sheep.
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κ·Έ λ†ˆλ“€μ΄ 우리의 양을 μ „λΆ€ μž‘μ•„λ¨Ήμ„κ±° κ°™μ•„.'
08:44
That was not what happened, actually.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그런 일은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
야생 κ°œλ“€μ΄ μ•½κ°„μ˜ 양을 μž‘μ•„λ¨Ήμ—ˆλŠ”λ° νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€κ°€ μ–΅μšΈν•œ λˆ„λͺ…을 썼죠.
08:47
Wild dogs did eat a few of the sheep, but the thylacine got a bad rap.
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08:50
But immediately, the government said, that's it, let's get rid of them,
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ¦‰μ‹œ, κ·Έλ§Œν•˜λ©΄ λμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒ
이 녀석듀을 μ—†μ• λ²„λ¦¬μžκ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
08:54
and they paid people to slaughter every one that they saw.
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λˆˆμ— λ³΄μ΄λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λ₯Ό λͺ°μ‚΄ν•˜λ €κ³  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κ³ μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:58
By the early 1930s,
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κ²°κ΅­ 1930λŒ€ μ΄ˆλ°˜κΉŒμ§€ 3μ²œμ—μ„œ 4천마리의 νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€κ°€
09:00
3,000 to 4,000 thylacines had been murdered.
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λͺ°μ‚΄λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은 μž¬μ•™μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
It was a disaster, and they were about to hit the wall.
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그리고 κ°œμ²΄μˆ˜λŠ” κ³€λ‘λ°•μ§ˆμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ—¬κΈ° ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ™μ˜μƒμ„ λ³΄μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:09
Have a look at this bit of film footage.
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09:11
It makes me very sad because, while it's a fascinating animal,
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이것은 μ €λ₯Ό 맀우 μŠ¬ν”„κ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이듀이 맀우 ν₯미둜운 동물이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
and it's amazing to think that we had the technology to film it
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그듀이 μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ λ©Έμ’…μ˜ 길둜 λ“€μ–΄μ„œκΈ° 전에 이듀을 μ΄¬μ˜ν•  κΈ°μˆ μ„ 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이
09:20
before it actually plunged off that cliff of extinction,
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μ •λ§λ‘œ ν–‰μš΄μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
we didn't, unfortunately, at this same time,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λΆˆν–‰μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œλ„ κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
09:27
have a molecule of concern about the welfare for this species.
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μ’…μ˜ 보쑴에 λŒ€ν•œ 걱정을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:31
These are photos of the last surviving thylacine, Benjamin,
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이것은 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μƒμ‘΄ν•œ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€μΈ 벀자민의 μ‚¬μ§„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:34
who was in the Beaumaris Zoo in Hobart.
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이 녀석은 ν˜Έλ°”νŠΈμ— μžˆλŠ” 뷰마리슀(Beaumaris) 동물원에 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
09:37
To add insult to injury,
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이 쒅이 거의 λ©Έμ’…λ˜μ–΄ κ°€λŠ”λ°λ„, μ„€μƒκ°€μƒμœΌλ‘œ
09:39
having swept this species nearly off the table,
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λ²€μžλ―Όμ€ 무관심 μ†μ—μ„œ μ£½μ–΄κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:43
this animal, when it died of neglect --
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09:45
The keepers didn't let it into the hutch on a cold night in Hobart.
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ν˜Έλ°”νŠΈμ˜ μΆ”μš΄ 날씨에도 μ‚¬μœ‘μ‚¬λ“€μ΄
μš°λ¦¬μ— 넣지 μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ κ±°μ£ . λ²€μžλ―Όμ€ ν˜Έλ°”νŠΈμ˜ μΆ”μœ„μ— λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
09:50
It died of exposure, and in the morning, when they found the body of Benjamin,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 아침에 벀자민의 사체λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œλ„
09:53
they still cared so little for this animal that they threw the body in the dump.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 아직도 이 λ™λ¬Όμ—κ²Œ 거의 관심을 갖지 μ•Šμ€ 채
사체λ₯Ό μ“°λ ˆκΈ° 더미에 λ˜μ Έλ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:00
Does it have to stay this way?
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이런 μƒνƒœμ— λ¨Έλ¬Όμ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
10:03
In 1990, I was in the Australian Museum.
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1990년에, μ €λŠ” 호주 박물관에 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
I was fascinated by thylacines.
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μ €λŠ” νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€μ— λ§€λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €λŠ” 항상 이 동물에 λ§€λ£Œλ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
10:07
I've always been obsessed with these animals.
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μ €λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ λ™λ¬Όλ“€κ³Όμ˜ 관계λ₯Ό 규λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
10:10
And I was studying skulls,
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10:11
trying to figure out their relationships to other sorts of animals,
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머리뼈λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:14
and I saw this jar,
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그리고 μ €λŠ” μ—¬κΈ° 이 병을 μ‘°μš°ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ° 이 λ³‘μ•ˆμ— μžˆλŠ”
10:16
and here, in the jar, was a little girl thylacine pup,
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μ•„λ§ˆ 6κ°œμ›”μ―€ 된 것같은 μž‘μ€ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ μ•”λ†ˆ μƒˆλΌλ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
10:21
perhaps six months old.
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10:22
The guy who had found it and killed the mother
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€ μ–΄λ―Έλ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³  μ£½μ˜€λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
κ·Έ μƒˆλΌλ₯Ό μ•Œμ½”μ˜¬ 속에 λ³΄κ΄€ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
10:25
had pickled the pup, and they pickled it in alcohol.
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10:28
I'm a paleontologist, but I still knew alcohol was a DNA preservative.
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μ €λŠ” κ³ μƒλ¬Όν•™μ§€λ§Œ λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μ•Œμ½œμ΄ DNAλ₯Ό λ³΄μ‘΄ν•œλ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:32
But this was 1990, and I asked my geneticist friends,
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κ·Έλ•Œκ°€ 1990λ…„μ΄μ—ˆκ³ , μ €λŠ” 제 μœ μ „ν•™μž μΉœκ΅¬μ—κ²Œ
10:36
couldn't we think about going into this pup
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DNA κ°€ 남아 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
10:38
and extracting DNA, if it's there,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έ μƒˆλΌμ˜ μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό μΆ”μΆœν•΄μ„œ
10:41
and then somewhere down the line in the future,
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μ–Έμ  κ°€ λ―Έλž˜μ— 이것이 ν•„μš”ν•  λ•Œ,
νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λ₯Ό λ˜μ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ”λ° 이 DNAλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€ λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:44
we'll use this DNA to bring the thylacine back?
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κ·Έ μœ μ „ν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ›ƒμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ 그것은 λŒλ¦¬κ°€ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜κΈ° 6λ…„ μ „μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:46
The geneticists laughed. But this was six years before Dolly.
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10:50
Cloning was science fiction.
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λ³΅μ œλŠ” 곡상 κ³Όν•™μ΄μ—ˆμ£ . 아직 생기지도 μ „μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
10:52
It had not happened.
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10:53
But then suddenly cloning did happen.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ ν›„ κ°‘μžκΈ° 볡제 방식이 생겨났고
10:56
And I thought, when I became director of the Australian Museum,
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μ œκ°€ 호주 λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€μ˜ 감독관이 λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
μ œκ°€ 이 일을 μ‹œμž‘ν•΄λ³΄κ² λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:59
I'm going to give this a go.
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11:00
I put a team together.
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μ €λŠ” νŒ€μ„ κ²°μ„±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:02
We went into that pup to see what was in it,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λ₯Ό 쑰사해 무엇이 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ•˜κ³ 
11:05
and we did find thylacine DNA.
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„λŠ‘λŒ€μ˜ DNAλ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은 정말 λ†€λΌμš΄ μˆœκ°„μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
11:07
It was a eureka moment. We were very excited.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 맀우 ν₯λΆ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:09
Unfortunately, we also found a lot of human DNA.
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λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œλ„, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μΈκ°„μ˜ DNA도 ν•¨κ»˜ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:13
Every old curator who'd been in that museum
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μ˜ˆμ „μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  κ΄€λ¦¬μžλ“€μ΄ κ·Έ λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€μ—μ„œ
11:16
had seen this wonderful specimen,
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이 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ μ‹œλ£Œλ₯Ό λ³΄μ•˜κ³ 
λ³‘μ•ˆμ— 손을 집어 λ„£μ—ˆλ‹€ λΉΌλ©΄μ„œ μƒκ°ν–ˆκ² μ§€μš”.
11:18
put their hand in the jar, pulled it out and thought,
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11:20
"Wow, look at that," plop, dropped it back in the jar,
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"μ™€μš°, 이것 봐라," 풍덩, λ³‘μ•ˆμ— λ‹€μ‹œ μ§‘μ–΄λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 이 μ‹œλ£Œλ₯Ό μ˜€μ—Όμ‹œν‚¨ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:23
contaminating this specimen.
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11:24
And that was a worry.
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그게 κ±±μ •μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”, λ§Œμ•½ λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ DNAλ₯Ό μΆ”μΆœν•˜κ³ 
11:26
If the goal here was to get the DNA out
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11:28
and use the DNA down the track to try to bring a thylacine back,
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λ₯Ό λ˜μ‚΄λ €λ‚΄λ €λŠ” 과정에 그것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄
정보가 기계에 μž…λ ₯되고 기계 바퀴가 λŒμ•„κ°€λ©°
11:32
what we didn't want happening
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11:33
when the information was shoved into the machine
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뢈 빛을 반짝일 λ•Œ, μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ˜ 것은
11:36
and the wheel turned around and the lights flashed,
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μͺΌκΈ€μͺΌκΈ€ν•˜κ²Œ λŠ™μ€, λ¬΄μ„œμš΄ 관리 μ±…μž„μžκ°€
11:38
was to have a wizened old horrible curator pop out the other end of the machine.
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κΈ°κ³„μ—μ„œ 결과물둜 νŠ€μ–΄λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ . (μ›ƒμŒ)
11:42
It would've kept the curator very happy, but it wasn't going to keep us happy.
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그런 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚œλ‹€λ©΄ 관리 μ±…μž„μžλ₯Ό ꡉμž₯히 ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ² μ§€λ§Œ
저희듀을 기쁘게 ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μ‹œλ£Œμ— λ‹€μ‹œ μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜μ—¬ μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ£ .
11:46
So we went back to these specimens and we started digging around,
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11:49
and particularly, we looked into the teeth of skulls,
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특히 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이빨 뼈λ₯Ό μœ μ‹¬νžˆ μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:52
hard parts where humans had not been able to get their fingers,
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μΈκ°„μ˜ 손이 λ‹ΏκΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ λΆ€λΆ„μ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
11:55
and we found much better quality DNA.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–‘μ§ˆμ˜ DNAλ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 세포핡 λ―Έν† μ½˜λ“œλ¦¬μ•„ μœ μ „μ²΄λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ±°κΈ° μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
11:58
We found nuclear mitochondrial genes.
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12:00
It's there. So we got it.
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ν•΄λ‚Έ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:01
OK. What could we do with this stuff?
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
12:04
Well, George Church, in his book, "Regenesis,"
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 죠지 μ²˜μΉ˜λŠ” 그의 μ €μ„œ, "μž¬μƒ(Regenesis)"μ—μ„œ
12:06
has mentioned many of the techniques that are rapidly advancing
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νŒŒνŽΈν™”λœ DNAλ₯Ό 가지고 μ‹œλ„ν•΄ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”,
12:09
to work with fragmented DNA.
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λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ λ°” μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
We would hope that we'll be able to get that DNA back into a viable form,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ DNAλ₯Ό μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ˜μ‚΄λ € λ‚Ό 수 있기λ₯Ό ν¬λ§ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λŠ” 라자러슀 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ—μ„œ ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
12:16
and then, much like we've done with the Lazarus Project,
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12:18
get that stuff into an egg of a host species.
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μˆ™μ£Όμ˜ μ•Œμ— 이 재료λ₯Ό μ£Όμž…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:21
It has to be a different species. What could it be?
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이것은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 쒅듀이 λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이것은 무엇이 될 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”? μ™œ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆ κ³°μœΌλ‘œλŠ” λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
12:24
Why couldn't it be a Tasmanian devil?
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12:26
They're related, distantly, to thylacines.
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이듀은 νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€μ˜ λ¨Ό μΉœμ²™λ»˜μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
12:28
And then the Tasmanian devil is going to pop a thylacine out the south end.
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그리고 νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆ 곰으둜
κ²°κ΅­ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Ό κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:33
Critics of this project say, hang on.
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이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ˜ 비평가듀은 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. "잠깐만,
12:36
Thylacine, Tasmanian devil? That's going to hurt.
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€μ™€ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆ κ³°? 그건 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ’€ μžˆκ² λŠ”λ°."
12:40
No, it's not. These are marsupials.
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μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€, 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ μœ λŒ€λ₯˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:43
They give birth to babies that are the size of a jelly bean.
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그듀은 저리 콩 크기둜 μ•„κΈ°λ₯Ό λ‚³μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆ 곰은 μžμ‹ μ΄ μ•„κΈ°λ₯Ό λ‚³μ•˜λŠ”μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯Ό κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:46
That Tasmanian devil's not even going to know it gave birth.
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12:49
It is, shortly, going to think
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짧게 λ§ν•΄μ„œ, κ·Έ 녀석듀은
12:50
it's got the ugliest Tasmanian devil baby in the world,
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μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ λͺ»μƒκΈ΄ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆ 곰을 λ‚³μ•˜λ‹€κ³  생각할 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•˜λ €λ©΄ μ•½κ°„μ˜ 도움이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:54
so maybe it'll need some help to keep it going.
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12:58
Andrew Pask and his colleagues have demonstrated
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μ•€λ“œλ₯˜ 파슀크(Andrew Pask )와 그의 λ™λ£Œλ“€μ€
13:00
this might not be a waste of time.
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이것이 μ‹œκ°„ λ‚­λΉ„κ°€ 아닐지도 λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ” 것을 증λͺ…ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:02
And it's sort of in the future, we haven't got there yet,
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그리고 그것은 λ¨Ό 미래의 λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 아직 그곳에 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 생각해보고 싢은 그런 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:05
but it's the kind of thing we want to think about.
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그듀은 λ˜‘κ°™μ€ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€μ˜ DNA 일뢀λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έκ°€μ„œ
13:07
They took some of this same pickled thylacine DNA
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13:10
and they spliced it into a mouse genome,
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μ₯μ˜ κ²Œλ†ˆμ†μ— ν•©μ³λ΄€μ–΄μš”.
13:13
but they put a tag on it
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그듀은 μ—¬κΈ°λ‹€κ°€ ν‘œμ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό λ„£μ–΄
13:15
so that anything that this thylacine DNA produced
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νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ μ₯μ˜ μƒˆλΌ κ°€μš΄λ° 이 νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ DNA κ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Έ κ²ƒμ—λŠ”
ν‘Έλ₯Έ 빛을 띄도둝 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:19
would appear blue-green in the mouse baby.
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13:22
In other words, if thylacine tissues were being produced by the thylacine DNA,
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•΄μ„œ, λ§Œμ•½ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€μ˜ 세포가 이 νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ DNA에 μ˜ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„λ‹€λ©΄
그것은 인지 ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:26
it would be able to be recognized.
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μƒˆλΌλ“€μ΄ λ‚˜μ™”μ„λ•Œ νŒŒλž—κ³  초둝 μ‘°μ§λ“€λ‘œ 가득차 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
13:28
When the baby popped up, it was filled with blue-green tissues.
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그리고 이것은 λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό λ˜μ‚΄λ € μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” μ„Έν¬λ‘œ
13:32
And that tells us if we can get that genome back together,
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13:34
get it into a live cell,
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λ§Œλ“€ 수만 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄, νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μ΄μ§€μš”.
13:36
it's going to produce thylacine stuff.
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13:39
Is this a risk?
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이것이 μœ„ν—˜ν•œ μΌμΈκ°€μš”?
13:41
You've taken the bits of one animal
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν•œ λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 일뢀 쑰각을 κ°€μ Έλ‹€κ°€
13:42
and you've mixed them into the cell of a different kind of an animal.
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그것을 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 동물 세포와 μ„žμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν”„λž€μΌ„μŠˆνƒ€μΈμ„ μ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
13:46
Are we going to get a Frankenstein? Some kind of weird hybrid chimera?
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μ•„μ‹œμ£ , κΈ°κΈ°λ¬˜λ¬˜ν•˜κ²Œ ν˜Όν•©λœ μ΄μƒν•œ λ™λ¬Όλ“€μ΄μš”?
13:50
And the answer is no.
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그에 λŒ€ν•œ 닡은 'μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€'μ—μš”.
13:51
If the only nuclear DNA that goes into this hybrid cell is thylacine DNA,
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이 ν˜Όν•© 세포에 λ“€μ–΄κ°€λŠ” μœ μΌν•œ DNA 핡이
νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€μ˜ 것이라면, κ·Έ 결과둜 λ‚˜μ˜¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” 것은
13:56
that's the only thing that can pop out the other end of the devil.
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μœ μΌν•˜κ²Œ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λΏμ΄μ—μš”.
14:00
OK, if we can do this, could we put it back?
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 만일 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 쒅을 되돌릴 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
14:04
This is a key question for everybody.
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이것이 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” 핡심 μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:05
Does it have to stay in a laboratory, or could we put it back where it belongs?
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이것이 μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ•ˆμ—λ§Œ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ‚˜μš”,
μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 이것을 λ‹€μ‹œ μ›λž˜μ˜ μž₯μ†Œλ‘œ λŒλ €λ³΄λ‚΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
14:09
Could we put it back in the throne of the king of beasts in Tasmania,
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그듀이 μ›λž˜ 있던 νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„μ— λ™λ¬Όμ˜ μ™•μ˜ 자리둜 되돌렀 놓아
μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό νšŒλ³΅ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
14:13
restore that ecosystem?
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14:14
Or has Tasmania changed so much that that's no longer possible?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„κ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많이 λ°”λ€Œμ–΄ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
더 이상은 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν• κΉŒμš”?
μ €λŠ” νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„μ— κ°”μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€κ°€ ν”ν–ˆλ˜
14:19
I've been to Tasmania.
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14:20
I've been to many of the areas where the thylacines were common.
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λ§Žμ€ 지역을 κ°€λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:23
I've even spoken to people, like Peter Carter here,
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μ—¬κΈ° ν”Όν„° μΉ΄ν„° 같은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:26
who when I spoke to him, was 90 years old,
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μ œκ°€ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ΄μ„ λ‹Ήμ‹œ κ·ΈλŠ” 90μ‚΄μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
1926년에, 이 λ‚¨μžμ™€ 그의 아버지 그리고 그의 동생이
14:29
but in 1926, this man and his father and his brother
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14:32
caught thylacines.
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덫을 놓아 νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λ₯Ό μž‘μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:34
They trapped them.
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14:35
And when I spoke to this man, I was looking in his eyes and thinking,
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μ œκ°€ 이 λ‚¨μžλΆ„κ³Ό μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
μ €λŠ” 그의 λˆˆμ„ 쳐닀보며 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:39
"Behind those eyes is a brain that has memories of what thylacines feel like,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 눈 뒀에 μžˆμ„ λ¨Έλ¦Ώμ†μ—λŠ”
νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ λŠλ‚Œμ΄μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜κ³  있겠죠.
14:46
what they smelled like, what they sounded like."
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€μ—κ²Œμ„œ μ–΄λ–€ λƒ„μƒˆκ°€ λ‚˜λŠ”μ§€, μ–΄λ–€ μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ‚΄λŠ”μ§€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:48
He led them around on a rope.
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κ·ΈλŠ” νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λ₯Ό 쀄에 맀어 끌고 λ‹€λ…”μ§€μš”.
14:50
He has personal experiences
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κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ κ·Έ λŒ“κ°€λ‘œ 제 λͺΈμ„ 떼어주고라도
14:52
that I would give my left leg to have in my head.
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μ œκ°€ μ–»κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜λŠ” 개인적인 κ²½ν—˜μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ 이런 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λž˜μ™”μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:56
We'd all love to have this sort of thing happen.
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14:58
Anyway, I asked Peter, by any chance,
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어쨋든, μ €λŠ” ν”Όν„°μ—κ²Œ λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, ν˜Ήμ‹œ,
15:00
could he take us back to where he caught those thylacines.
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κ·Έκ°€ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λ₯Ό μž‘μ€ 곳으둜 우리λ₯Ό 데렀닀 쀄 수 μžˆλŠλƒκ³ μš”.
제 관심은 ν™˜κ²½μ΄ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•„λ‹Œμ§€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:03
My interest was in whether the environment had changed.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 제 말은, 그것이 거의 80λ…„ 전에
15:06
He thought hard. It was nearly 80 years before this that he'd been at this hut.
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μ˜€λ‘λ§‰μ—μ„œ μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
15:09
At any rate, he led us down this bush track,
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어쨋든, κ·ΈλŠ” 우리λ₯Ό 이 μˆ˜ν’€ 길둜 데렀 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λŠ” μ €κΈ°, λ§žμ•„μš”. 거기에 μ˜€λ‘λ§‰μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  κΈ°μ–΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:12
and there, right where he remembered,
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15:14
was the hut,
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15:15
and tears came into his eyes.
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그의 λˆˆμ—λŠ” 눈물이 λ‚˜μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:17
He looked at the hut. We went inside.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ˜€λ‘λ§‰μ§‘μ„ λ°”λΌλ³΄μ•˜μ£ . μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:19
There were the wooden boards on the sides of the hut
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μ˜€λ‘λ§‰μ˜ ν•œμΌ μ— λ‚˜λ¬΄ νŒμžκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그곳은 그와 그의 아버지 그의 동생이 잠잀던 κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:22
where he and his father and his brother had slept at night.
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15:24
And he told me, as it all was flooding back in memories.
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κ·Έκ°€ 제게 μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 마치 κ·Έ λͺ¨λ“  것을 κΈ°μ–΅μ˜ ν™μˆ˜μ²˜λŸΌ λ§μ΄μ§€μš”.
κ·Έκ°€ μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "μ €λŠ” νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€κ°€
15:27
He said, "I remember the thylacines going around the hut
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μ˜€λ‘λ§‰μ•ˆμ— 무엇이 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ κΆκΈˆν•΄ ν•˜λ©° μ–΄μŠ¬λ κ±°λ¦¬λ˜ 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:30
wondering what was inside,"
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15:31
and he said they made sounds like "Yip! Yip! Yip!"
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κ·Έ 녀석듀은 "μž…!μž…!μž…!" 이라고 μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λƒˆμ£ .
이 λͺ¨λ“  것이 κ·Έ 의 μ‚Άμ˜ λΆ€λΆ„μ΄μž κ·Έκ°€ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λŠ” 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:35
All of these are parts of his life and what he remembers.
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μ œκ°€ 가지고 있던 핡심 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν”Όν„°μ—κ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:38
And the key question for me was to ask Peter, has it changed?
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15:41
And he said no.
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주변이 많이 λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆλƒκ³ μš”. κ·ΈλŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆλΌκ³  λ§ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
λ‚¨λΆ€μ˜ λ°€λ‚˜λ¬΄ 숲이 그의 μ˜€λ‘λ§‰μ„ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Έκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:43
The southern beech forests surrounded his hut
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κ·Έκ°€ 머물던 1926λ…„κ³Ό κ°™μ΄μš”.
15:45
just like it was when he was there in 1926.
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15:47
The grasslands were sweeping away.
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μ΄ˆμ›λŠ” 정리 λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
15:49
That's classic thylacine habitat.
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그것은 μ „ν˜•μ μΈ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€μ˜ μ„œμ‹μ§€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:51
And the animals in those areas were the same that were there
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그리고 κ·Έ μ§€μ—­μ˜ 동물듀은
νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€κ°€ 있던 λ•Œμ™€ λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:54
when the thylacine was around.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ 돌렀 보낼 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”? κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:56
So could we put it back? Yes.
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15:58
Is that all we would do? And this is an interesting question.
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그것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν• μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ” μ „λΆ€μΌκΉŒμš”? ν₯미둜운 μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ” κ·Έ 동물을 λ˜λŒλ €λ†“μ„ 수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
16:02
Sometimes you might be able to put it back,
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16:04
but is that the safest way to make sure it never goes extinct again?
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그것이 이 동물을 λ‹€μ‹œλŠ”
λ©Έμ’…ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”. μ €λŠ” κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:07
And I don't think so.
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16:09
I think gradually, as we see species all around the world,
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μ €λŠ” 점점, μ„Έμƒμ˜ 동물 쒅을 λ³΄λ©΄μ„œ
16:12
it's kind of a mantra that wildlife is increasingly not safe in the wild.
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야생 동물은 μ•Όμƒμ˜ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ 점점 더 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ”
주문과도 κ°™λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:16
We'd love to think it is, but we know it isn't.
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그것을 μžˆλŠ” κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:18
We need other parallel strategies coming online.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 여기에 λΆ€μˆ˜λ˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 평행적 μ „λž΅λ“€μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:21
And this one interests me.
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그리고 이것이 제 ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό λŒμ–΄μš”.
16:22
Some of the thylacines that were being turned in to zoos,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ™λ¬Όμ›μœΌλ‘œ, 보호 κ΅¬μ—­μœΌλ‘œ, 심지어 λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€μœΌλ‘œ 보낸
16:25
sanctuaries, even at the museums,
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€μ˜ μΌλΆ€λŠ”
16:27
had collar marks on the neck.
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λͺ©μ— 색인이 λΆ™μ—¬μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:29
They were being kept as pets,
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그듀은 μ• μ™„ λ™λ¬Όλ‘œ ν‚€μ›Œμ§€κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
16:31
and we know a lot of bush tales and memories
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 동물을 μ• μ™„ λ™λ¬Όλ‘œ 가지고 있던 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜
16:34
of people who had them as pets,
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λ§Žμ€ μ˜›λ‚  이야기와 기얡듀에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그듀은 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 동물이 ν›Œλ₯­ν•˜κ³ , μΉœλ°€ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:36
and they say they were wonderful, friendly.
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16:38
This particular one
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이 νŠΉμ •ν•œ ν•œ λ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ 숲 λ°–μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ™€
16:39
came in out of the forest to lick this boy
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μ†Œλ…„μ„ ν•§κ±°λ‚˜
16:42
and curled up around the fireplace to go to sleep.
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λ‚œλ‘œ μ£Όλ³€μ—μ„œ μž λ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λͺΈμ„ λ§μ•„λˆ•μ£ . ν•œ 마리의 야생 동물이 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:45
A wild animal.
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16:46
And I'd like to ask the question. We need to think about this.
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μ €λŠ” ν•œ 가지λ₯Ό 묻고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 이에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ³Ό ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
16:50
If it had not been illegal to keep these thylacines as pets then,
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λ§Œμ•½ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€λ₯Ό μ• μ™„ λ™λ¬Όλ‘œ ν‚€μš°λŠ”κ²Œ λΆˆλ²•μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆλ”λΌλ©΄
νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ λŠ‘λŒ€κ°€ μ§€κΈˆ λ©Έμ’…ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
16:56
would the thylacine be extinct now?
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16:58
And I'm positive it wouldn't.
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μ €λŠ” 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μ„ 것이라고 ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:00
We need to think about this in today's world.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ 이에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ³Ό ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:03
Could it be that getting animals close to us so that we value them,
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동물을 κ°€κΉŒμ΄ ν•΄μ„œ
동물을 μ•„λ‚€λ‹€λ©΄, μ•„λ§ˆ λ©Έμ’…λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”?
17:07
maybe they won't go extinct?
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17:09
And this is such a critical issue for us
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이것은 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 큰 μŸμ μ΄μ—μš”.
17:11
because if we don't do that,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ§Œμ•½μ— μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄,
17:13
we're going to watch more of these animals plunge off the precipice.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ”λ§Žμ€ 동물듀이 λ‚˜λ½μœΌλ‘œ λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 것을 보게 될 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:17
As far as I'm concerned,
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μ €λ‘œμ„œλŠ” 이것이
17:18
this is why we're trying to do these kinds of de-extinction projects.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ©Έμ’… 볡원 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μ‹œλ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:22
We are trying to restore that balance of nature
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 헝클어 놓은 μžμ—°μ˜ κ· ν˜•μ„
17:25
that we have upset.
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되돌리렀고 λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:27
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
(λ°•μˆ˜κ°ˆμ±„)
17:29
(Applause)
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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