Science in service to the public good | Siddhartha Roy

52,629 views ใƒป 2017-05-22

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

00:00
Translator: Leslie Gauthier Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Ghadir Younes ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Fatima Zahra El Hafa
00:13
Fresh out of college,
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ููˆุฑ ุชุฎุฑุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ
00:14
I went to work for a consulting firm.
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ุงู„ุชุญู‚ุช ุจุนู…ู„ ู„ุฏู‰ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงุณุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ.
00:16
During orientation, the leaders dished out advice.
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ูˆุฎู„ุงู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจุŒ ุงู†ู‡ุงู„ุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุตุงุฆุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุคุณุงุก.
00:21
Amongst them was one pithy counsel I will never forget.
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ู…ู† ุจูŠู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ุตุงุฆุญุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู† ุฃู†ุณุงู‡ุง.
00:25
He told us, "Be easy to manage."
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ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู†ุงุŒ "ูƒู† ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ."
00:28
Considering how naรฏve I really was at the time,
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ูˆุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ู„ู…ุฏู‰ ุณุฐุงุฌุชูŠ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ
00:32
I took his advice to heart.
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ุฃุฎุฐุช ู†ุตูŠุญุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏ.
00:34
I told myself,
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ูˆู‚ู„ุช ู„ู†ูุณูŠ
00:35
"Yes, I will be the ultimate team player.
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"ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุณุฃูƒูˆู† ุนุถูˆ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ุŒ
00:38
I will do everything I'm told.
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ุณุฃูุนู„ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠูุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูŠ
00:40
I will be easy to manage."
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ุณุฃูƒูˆู† ุดุฎุตู‹ุง ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ."
00:43
It wasn't until I arrived in graduate school
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ูˆูู‚ุท ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูˆุตู„ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุง
00:45
and witnessed firsthand the criminal actions of scientists and engineers
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ูˆุดู‡ุฏุช ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู†
00:50
in the water crisis in Flint, Michigan
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุญุฏุซุช ููŠ ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ููŠ ุจู„ุฏุฉ ูู„ูŠู†ุช ููŠ ู…ูŠุชุดูŠุบุงู†
00:53
that I realized how dangerous and yet surprisingly common
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ุญูŠู†ู‡ุง ูู‚ุท ุฃุฏุฑูƒุช ู…ุฏู‰ ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุญุฌู… ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ
00:58
this line of thinking really is.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ.
01:00
Make no mistake:
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ู„ุง ุชุณูŠุฆูˆุง ูู‡ู…ูŠ:
01:01
the Flint water crisis is one of the most egregious environmental injustices
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ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูู„ูŠู†ุช ุชูุนุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู…ุธุงู„ู… ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ูุธุงุนุฉ
01:06
of our time.
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ููŠ ุนุตุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ.
01:07
For over 18 months,
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ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 18 ุดู‡ุฑู‹ุงุŒ
01:09
100,000 residents, including thousands of young children,
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ุชุนุฑุถ 100,000 ุณุงูƒู† ู…ุญู„ูŠุŒ ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุขู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑุŒ
01:13
were exposed to contaminated drinking water with high levels of lead.
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ู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุดุฑุจ ู…ู„ูˆุซุฉ ุจู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุตุงุต.
01:17
Lead is a potent neurotoxin
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ุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ุณู… ุนุตุจูŠ ุดุฏูŠุฏ
01:19
which causes cognitive and developmental disabilities
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ูŠุณุจุจ ุฅุนุงู‚ุงุช ููŠ ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุงู„ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒ
01:23
and is especially harmful to growing fetuses and young children.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุถุงุฑ ุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุฃุฌู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑ.
01:28
We've known about its dangers since the Roman Empire.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนุฑูู†ุง ุนู† ุฃุถุฑุงุฑู‡ ู…ู†ุฐ ุงู„ุฅู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ.
01:32
Amongst a whole host of health issues,
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ุนุงู†ู‰ ุฃู‡ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุฉ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉุŒ
01:35
12 people died by contracting Legionnaires' disease.
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ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆูุงุฉ 12 ุดุฎุตู‹ุง ุจุณุจุจ ุญู…ู‰ ุงู„ููŠู„ู‚.
01:39
Flint's water infrastructure --
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ุงู„ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญุชูŠุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ูู„ูŠู†ุช --
01:41
the complex network of underground pipes --
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ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ --
01:44
has been severely damaged.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุชุนุฑุถุช ู„ุถุฑุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ.
01:46
And while the water quality is slowly improving
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ูˆููŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃู† ุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุชุชุญุณู† ุจุจุทุก
01:50
and the pipes are being replaced now,
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ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ุชุฌุฑูŠ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
01:52
more than two years later,
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุนุงู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฏุซุฉุŒ
01:53
the water is still not safe to drink.
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ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุบูŠุฑ ุตุงู„ุญุฉ ู„ู„ุดุฑุจ.
01:58
So, people are still in shock.
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ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุตุฏู…ุฉ.
02:01
They ask themselves,
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ูŠุชุณุงุกู„ูˆู† ููŠู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…
02:02
"How could this have happened?"
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"ูƒูŠู ุฃู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ"
02:04
The short answer is: the crisis began when an emergency manager,
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ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู‡ูŠ: ุฅู† ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุจุฏุฃุช ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู‚ุงู… ู…ุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑู‰ุก
02:09
appointed by Michigan's governor,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุนูŠู†ู‡ ุญุงูƒู… ู…ูŠุชุดูŠุบุงู†ุŒ
02:12
decided to switch their water source to a local river to save money.
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ุจุงุชุฎุงุฐ ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุจุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู…ูŠุงู‡ู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ู‡ุฑ ู…ุญู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุชูˆููŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงู„.
02:17
But it continued for so long
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญูˆู„ ุงุณุชู…ุฑ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ
02:19
because scientists and engineers at government agencies
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุงุช ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ
02:22
in the state of Michigan and in the federal government
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ููŠ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ู…ูŠุชุดูŠุบุงู† ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฏุฑุงู„ูŠุฉ
02:25
did not follow federal regulations for treating the water right.
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ู„ู… ูŠุชุจุนูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูˆุงุฆุญ ุงู„ููŠุฏุฑุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุณู„ูŠู….
02:30
What was more,
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ูˆู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุณูˆุกู‹ุงุŒ
02:31
they actively cheated on the law and orchestrated cover-ups.
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ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุงู„ุชุญุงูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ูˆู„ูู‚ูˆุง ุทุฑู‚ู‹ุง ู„ุฅุฎูุงุก ุฌุฑุงุฆู…ู‡ู…ุŒ
02:35
They ridiculed residents asking for help,
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ูˆุณุฎุฑูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุทู„ุจูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
02:38
while publicly insisting that the brown, smelly water coming out of the tap
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ููŠ ุญูŠู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุตุฑูˆู† ุนู„ู†ู‹ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตู†ุจูˆุฑ
02:43
was safe to drink.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุตุงู„ุญุฉ ู„ู„ุดุฑุจ.
02:45
The system at the local, state and federal levels completely failed
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ูุดู„ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ููŠุฏุฑุงู„ูŠ ูุดู„ู‹ุง ุฐุฑูŠุนู‹ุง
02:51
to protect our most vulnerable,
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ููŠ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุถุนูู‹ุงุŒ
02:53
and an entire population was left to fend for itself.
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ูˆุชูุฑูƒ ุชุฌู…ู‘ุน ุณูƒุงู†ูŠ ุจูƒุงู…ู„ู‡ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ููŠ ุตุฑุงุนู‡ ู„ุชุฃู…ูŠู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ู‡.
02:58
Now, amidst this injustice, Flint residents were rallying together.
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ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุธู„ู… ูƒู„ู‡ุŒ ูƒุงู† ุณูƒุงู† ูู„ูŠู†ุช ูŠุชุฌู…ุนูˆู† ู…ุนู‹ุง.
03:02
Amongst them were some amazing women of Flint --
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ูˆู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุณุงุก ูู„ูŠู†ุช ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุนุงุช
03:05
mothers concerned about their kids --
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-- ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ู‚ู„ู‚ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ู† --
03:07
who came together forming many grassroots coalitions,
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ุงู„ู„ุงุชูŠ ุงุฌุชู…ุนู† ู…ุนู‹ุง ูˆุดูƒู„ู† ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ูุงุชุŒ
03:11
and these groups started protesting and demanding change.
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ูˆุจุฏุฃุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุธุงู‡ุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุทุงู„ุจุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ.
03:16
The group also reached out to outside scientists for help,
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ูˆุชูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ุณูƒู‘ุงู† ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุน ุนู„ู…ุงุก ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู‡ู…ุŒ
03:20
and a few responded.
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ูˆุงุณุชุฌุงุจ ู„ู‡ู… ุจุนุถู‡ู….
03:22
Amongst them was a guy named Miguel Del Toral,
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ู…ู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูƒุงู† ุดุฎุตูŒ ูŠุฏุนู‰ ู…ูŠุบูŠู„ ุฏูŠู„ ุชูˆุฑุงู„ุŒ
03:25
a water expert at the US EPA -- the Environmental Protection Agency --
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-- ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฎุจูŠุฑ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ููŠ ูˆูƒุงู„ุฉ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ --
03:30
who actually wrote this scientific memo
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุงู… ุจูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุนู„ู…ูŠ ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ
03:33
and sent it to the state of Michigan and the federal government
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ูˆุฃุฑุณู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ู…ูŠุชุดูŠุบุงู† ูˆุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฏุฑุงู„ูŠุฉ
03:36
to bring their attention to this problem.
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ู„ุฌุฐุจ ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡ู‡ู… ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ.
03:39
He was characterized a "rogue employee,"
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ุชู… ุชูˆุตูŠูู‡ ุจุฃู†ู‡ "ู…ูˆุธู ู…ุญุชุงู„"ุŒ
03:41
and silenced.
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ูˆุชู… ุฅุณูƒุงุชู‡.
03:44
In collaboration with Flint residents,
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ุจุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู† ู…ุน ุณูƒุงู† ูู„ูŠู†ุชุŒ
03:47
our research team here at Tech,
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ู‚ุงู… ูุฑูŠู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ุจุญุซูŠ ู…ู† ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุชูŠูƒุŒ
03:49
of students and scientists led by professor Marc Edwards,
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ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ูˆุจู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู…ุงุฑูƒ ุฅุฏูˆุงุฑุฏ
03:53
conducted citywide testing
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ุจุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
03:55
to prove that Flint's water was indeed contaminated,
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ู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุฃู† ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูู„ูŠู†ุช ู…ู„ูˆุซุฉ ูุนู„ู‹ุงุŒ
03:58
even toxic in some homes.
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ูˆุญุชู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณุงู…ู‘ุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฒู„.
04:01
We substantiated what Flint had been screaming for months,
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ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุฅุซุจุงุช ุนู…ู‘ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูู„ูŠู†ุช ู„ุดู‡ูˆุฑุŒ
04:04
and put it on the Internet for the world to see.
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ูˆูˆุถุนู†ุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช ูƒูŠ ูŠุฑุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
04:07
Now, when I was getting involved,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงุดุชุฑูƒุช ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉุŒ
04:10
when I said yes to this,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู†ุนู… ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŒ
04:12
I had no idea what I was getting into.
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ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠ ุฃูŠุฉ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃู‚ุญู… ู†ูุณูŠ ููŠู‡.
04:15
But every second of this journey has been totally worth it.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‚ุถูŠุชู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุณุชุญู‚ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุก ุจุงู„ูุนู„.
04:19
This was science in service to the public.
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ููŠ ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ุนุงู….
04:21
This is what I came to graduate school for,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู‚ุฏู…ุช ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู„ุชุญู‚ุช ุจุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุงุŒ
04:24
and this is how I would rather spend my life.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฃูุถู‘ู„ ู‚ุถุงุก ุญูŠุงุชูŠ ููŠู‡.
04:27
And so this coalition --
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ุฅุฐู‹ุงุŒ ูุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ู -
04:29
this unlikely coalition of citizens, pastors, journalists and scientists --
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ู ุงู„ูุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุนู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฑู‡ุจุงู† ูˆุงู„ุตุญููŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก -
04:34
came together to uncover the truth using science, advocacy and activism.
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ุงุฌุชู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู„ูƒุดู ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ.
04:39
A local pediatrician figured out
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ุงูƒุชุดู ุทุจูŠุจ ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ุญู„ูŠ
04:41
that the instances of childhood lead poisoning had indeed doubled
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ุฃู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชุณู…ู… ุจุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ู„ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู‚ุฏ ุชุถุงุนูุช
04:46
in Flint during the crisis.
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ููŠ ุจู„ุฏุฉ ูู„ูŠู†ุช ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุฉ.
04:48
And the state of Michigan was forced to acknowledge the problem
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงุถุทุฑุช ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ู…ูŠุชุดูŠุบุงู† ู„ู„ุงุนุชุฑุงู ุจุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
04:52
and take steps to correct it.
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ูˆุงุชุฎุงุฐ ุฎุทูˆุงุช ู„ุญู„ู‡ุง.
04:55
This group and many others got Flint's kids protected.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูˆู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชู…ูƒู†ุช ู…ู† ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุฃุทูุงู„ ูู„ูŠู†ุช.
04:59
A few months later,
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ุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุจุถุนุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑุŒ
05:01
President Obama came in and declared a federal emergency,
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ุฌุงุก ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุฃูˆุจุงู…ุง ูˆุฃุนู„ู† ุญุงู„ุฉ ุทูˆุงุฑู‰ุก ููŠุฏุฑุงู„ูŠุฉ.
05:04
and now Flint is getting more than 600 million dollars
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ูู„ูŠู†ุช ุชุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 600 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ
05:08
in healthcare, nutrition, education
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ุชุชูˆุฌู‡ ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
05:11
and overhauling their water infrastructure.
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ูˆุตูŠุงู†ุฉ ุจู†ูŠุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุญุชูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุก.
05:14
However, the arrogance and the callous disregard for public health
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุบุทุฑุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅู‡ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู…ุฏ ู„ู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ
05:20
shown by scientists and engineers at these government agencies
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุธู‡ุฑู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุงุช ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ
05:25
is beyond belief.
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ุฃุจุนุฏ ู…ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุตูˆุฑู‡.
05:27
These unhealthy cultures that are festering in these groups,
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ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุชุดุฑ ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ
05:31
where the focus is on meeting regulations and checking boxes
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠูุตุจู‘ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ุจุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ูˆุดุทุจู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง
05:35
as opposed to protecting public health,
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ูุนู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉุŒ
05:37
is just appalling.
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ู…ุฑูŠุนุฉ ุฌุฏู‘ู‹ุง.
05:39
Just consider this email that an EPA employee wrote,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุชุจุชู‡ุง ู…ูˆุธูุฉ ูˆูƒุงู„ุฉ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ
05:43
where she goes,
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ุญูŠุซ ู‚ุงู„ุช:
05:45
"I'm not so sure Flint is a community we want to go out on a limb for."
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"ู„ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ููŠ ูู„ูŠู†ุช ูŠุณุชุญู‚ ุฃู† ู†ุจุฐู„ ู„ู‡ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ."
05:51
The dehumanization of an entire population could not be more obvious.
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ุชุฌุฑูŠุฏ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุณูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูƒุงู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุชู‡ุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุถูˆุญู‹ุง.
05:56
Now, contrast that to the first canon of engineering,
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ู‚ุงุฑู†ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุฎุต ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู†ุŒ
06:01
which, in my opinion, should be the first law of humanity:
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุณุจ ุฑุฃูŠูŠุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ูƒุงูุฉ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ:
06:04
"To hold paramount the health, safety and welfare of the public,"
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"ูŠุฌุจ ุฅุนุทุงุก ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุตูˆู‰ ู„ุตุญุฉ ูˆุฃู…ุงู† ูˆุตู„ุงุญ ุนูŠุด ุนุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ"
06:08
above all else.
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ููˆู‚ ูƒู„ ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ.
06:10
This is the Hippocratic Oath we've rarely acknowledged,
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุจู…ุซุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูŽุณูŽู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠ ู„ู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุงุฏุฑู‹ุง ู…ุง ู†ู„ุชูุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ
06:14
let alone embraced.
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ูู…ุง ุจุงู„ูƒ ุจุชุทุจูŠู‚ู‡.
06:16
And so when scientists and engineers, very much like medical doctors,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูˆู†ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงุกุŒ
06:20
screw up,
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ุจุงู„ูุดู„ ููŠ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ู‡ู…ุŒ
06:21
people can get hurt --
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ูุฅู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุชุฃุฐูˆู†ุŒ
06:23
even die.
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ูˆูŠู…ูˆุชูˆู† ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง.
06:25
If our professionals and even students fail to get that,
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ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠุชู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชุฑููˆู†ุŒ ุจู„ ูˆุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจุŒ ู…ู† ูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ
06:29
society pays a huge price.
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ุณูŠุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุซู…ู†ู‹ุง ุบุงู„ูŠู‹ุง.
06:33
Buried deep in history lies a character I deeply admire --
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ุงู„ุจุนูŠุฏ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุดุฎุต ุฃู†ุง ู…ุนุฌุจ ุจู‡ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ
06:37
an engineer named Peter Palchinsky.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุจูŠุชุฑ ุจุงู„ุดูŠู†ุณูƒูŠ.
06:40
He lived in the time of the Soviet Union.
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ุนุงุด ููŠ ุฒู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠุชูŠ.
06:44
And Palchinsky repeatedly got in trouble for his radical honesty
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุนุฑุถ ุจุงู„ุดูŠู†ุณูƒูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุชุงุนุจ ู…ุฑุงุฑู‹ุง ูˆุชูƒุฑุงุฑู‹ุง ุจุณุจุจ ุขุฑุงุฆู‡ ุงู„ุตุฑูŠุญุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง
06:49
and willingness to point out major flaws in the Soviets' mindless pursuit
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ูˆุฌุฑุฃุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ููŠ ู…ุณุนู‰ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠูŠุช ุงู„ุทุงุฆุด
06:54
of rapid industrialization.
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ู„ุชุณุฑูŠุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน.
06:57
Everyone was expected to follow orders coming from the top.
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ูƒุงู† ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุจุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠู†ูุฐูˆุง ุงู„ุฃูˆุงู…ุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰.
07:01
Anyone asking questions or offering feedback was unwelcome.
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู…ุฑุญุจู‹ุง ุจุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ูŠุณุฃู„ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ูŠุนุฑุถ ุฃุฑุงุกู‹ ุจู†ุงุกุฉ.
07:06
The Soviets had created the largest army of engineers the world had ever seen,
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ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณูˆููŠูŠุช ู‚ุฏ ุตู†ุนูˆุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฌูŠุด ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ุฑุขู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
07:11
and yet most of them were mere cogs in a gigantic machine heading for doom.
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅู† ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู‚ุทุน ููŠ ุขู„ุฉ ุนู…ู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุชุณูŠุฑ ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ู‡ู„ุงูƒ.
07:17
Palchinsky, on the other hand, implored engineers
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ุจุงู„ุดูŠู†ุณูƒูŠุŒ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู†ุงุดุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู†
07:20
to look at the economic, political and social consequences of their actions;
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ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฃูุนุงู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุ›
07:25
in other words, be more public-focused.
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ูˆุจุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ุนุงู….
07:28
His fearless voice of reason was seen as a threat
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ุชู… ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุตูˆุชู‡ ุงู„ุดุฌุงุน ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏ
07:32
to the political establishment,
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ู„ู„ู…ุคุณุณุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉุŒ
07:34
and Joseph Stalin had him executed in 1929.
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ูˆู‚ุงู… ุฌูˆุฒู ุณุชุงู„ูŠู† ุจุฅุนุฏุงู…ู‡ ุนุงู… 1929.
07:39
Palchinsky's view on technocrats is very different
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ุขุฑุงุก ุจุงู„ุดูŠู†ุณูƒูŠ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู‚ุฑุงุท
ุชุฎุชู„ู ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ูู‡ู… ุจู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑุŒ
07:43
from one that is still very popular, still very common --
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07:49
that of a dispassionate researcher working in his ivory tower lab,
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ุญูŠุซ ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ุจุงุญุซู‹ุง ูุงู‚ุฏู‹ุง ู„ู„ุญู…ุงุณ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฒูˆู„ุŒ
07:54
or a nerdy engineer working in his cubicle.
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ุฃูˆ ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณู‹ุง ู„ุง ุดุฃู† ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุบุฑูุชู‡.
07:58
Brilliant, no doubt,
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ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุดุฏูŠุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒ
08:00
yet somehow cut off from the world,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ู…ู†ุนุฒู„ูˆู† ุนู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุงุŒ
08:02
shows little emotion --
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ูˆู„ุง ูŠุธู‡ุฑูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงุนุฑุŒ
08:04
kind of like Spock from "Star Trek," you know?
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ู…ุซู„ ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุณุจูˆูƒ ููŠ ููŠู„ู… ุณุชุงุฑ ุชุฑูŠูƒ - ู‡ู„ ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆู†ู‡ุŸ
08:08
This guy.
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ุฃุฌู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„.
08:10
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
08:11
Let's try and do the Spock salute.
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ู„ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุชุฃุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุคุฏูŠู‡ุง ุณุจูˆูƒ.
08:14
I don't think I'll succeed ...
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ู„ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุณุฃู†ุฌุญ...
08:16
See, I can't be Spock.
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ุชุฑูˆู† - ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุฃูƒูˆู† ู…ุซู„ ุณุจูˆูƒ.
08:18
Thank goodness I can't be Spock.
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ุญู…ุฏู‹ุง ู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุฃูƒูˆู† ู…ุซู„ ุณุจูˆูƒ.
08:20
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
08:23
I was reminded of this distinction because a recent article came out
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชุฐูƒุฑุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู† ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุธู‡ุฑุช ู…ุคุฎุฑู‹ุง
08:27
in a very reputed scientific journal,
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ููŠ ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ
08:31
which kind of characterized our Flint work as driven by "youthful idealism,"
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ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจูˆุตู ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุจู„ุฏุฉ ูู„ูŠู†ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏุงูุน "ู…ุซุงู„ูŠ ูŠุงูุนุŒ"
08:36
and "Hollywood's dramatic sensibilities."
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ูˆุดุจูŠู‡ "ุจุงู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏุฑุงู…ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃูู„ุงู… ู‡ูˆู„ูŠูˆูˆุฏ."
08:39
It asks scientists to protect their research funding and institutions
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ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุชุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุญุซูŠ ูˆู…ุคุณุณุงุชู‡ู…
08:44
at all costs, no matter how just the cause.
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ุจุฃูŠ ุซู…ู†ุŒ ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ู…ุฏู‰ ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ.
08:48
And if you think you have to get involved in something,
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ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ููƒุฑุช ุจุงู„ุงู†ุฎุฑุงุท ููŠ ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ู…ุงุŒ
08:51
even if it's an emergency,
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ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุทุงุฑุฆุฉุŒ
08:53
try finding an activist group or an NGO,
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ูุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฌุฏ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู†ุดุงุท ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ู…ุคุณุณุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉุŒ
08:57
and obtain the full support of the academic community --
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ูˆุฃู† ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุนู… ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠ --
09:00
whatever that means --
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ูˆู„ุง ุฃุฏุฑูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง --
09:02
before you get involved.
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ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุชู†ุฎุฑุท ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ.
09:04
Not one mention of our moral and professional obligation
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ูˆู„ู… ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ุนู† ูˆุงุฌุจู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ูŠ
09:08
of preventing harm to the public,
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ููŠ ุฃู† ู†ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุฃุฐู‰ ุนู† ุนุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
09:10
or the fact that we have all this expertise,
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ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู†ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉุŒ
09:14
resources and, for some, even tenure
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ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุจุนุถุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุตุจ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…
09:17
to, you know, accomplish this task.
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ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุฅุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ.
09:20
I'm not saying every scientist should be an activist.
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ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุนุงู„ู… ุฃู† ูŠุตุจุญ ู†ุงุดุทู‹ุง ู…ุฏู†ูŠู‹ุง.
09:23
There are real and sometimes very painful consequences of speaking up.
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ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุนูˆุงู‚ุจ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุคู„ู…ุฉ ู„ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุณูƒูˆุช ุนู† ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ.
09:28
But to denounce this idea, this possibility so completely
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุงุณุชู†ูƒุงุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ
09:33
so that you can protect research funding,
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ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ูƒุŒ
09:35
simply screams of self-serving cowardice,
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ู„ุง ูŠุนุจุฑ ุณูˆู‰ ุนู† ุฃู†ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฌุจุงู†ุฉุŒ
09:38
and these are not the ideals we would want to pass to our students.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุซู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ู†ู…ุฑุฑู‡ุง ู„ุชู„ุงู…ุฐุชู†ุง.
09:44
And so you may think, "OK, all this sounds great,
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชููƒุฑูˆู†ุŒ "ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู‡ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุงุŒ
09:47
but you'll never completely change organizational cultures,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ูƒ ู„ู† ุชุชู…ูƒู† ุฃุจุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุขู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชู†ุธูŠู…ูŠุฉุŒ
09:51
or imbibe mindsets in students and professionals
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ุฃูˆ ุฃู† ุชุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฒุฑุน ููƒุฑุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุชุฑููŠู†ุŒ
09:55
to look at their work as a public good --
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ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู† ูŠู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู„ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ุนุงู… --
09:58
science in service to the public."
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ุนู„ู… ููŠ ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ุนุงู…."
10:00
Maybe so.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ.
10:02
But could a big reason for that be
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุงุฐุง ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ
10:04
that we are not training our students right?
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฏุฑูŠุจ ุชู„ุงู…ูŠุฐู†ุง ูƒู…ุง ูŠุฌุจุŸ
10:07
Because if you look closely,
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ู„ุฃู†ูƒู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฏู‚ู‚ุชู… ุงู„ู†ุธุฑุŒ
10:10
our education system today is focused more on creating
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ูุฅู† ู†ุธุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูŠู‚ูˆู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุบู„ุจ ุจุตู†ุน
10:15
what ex-Yale professor Bill Deresiewicz calls "excellent sheep" --
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ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุจุฑูˆููŠุณูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูŠูŠู„ุŒ ุจูŠู„ ุฏูŠุฑูŠุณูˆูŠูƒุฒุŒ ุจูˆุตูู‡ "ุจุงู„ุฎุฑูุงู† ุงู„ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ"-
10:20
young people who are smart and ambitious,
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ุฃู†ุงุณ ูŠุงูุนูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฐูƒุงุก ูˆุทู…ูˆุญุŒ
10:23
and yet somehow risk-averse, timid, directionless
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ู… ูŠูƒุฑู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฒูุฉ ูˆู…ุชุฑุฏุฏูˆู† ูˆูุงู‚ุฏูˆู† ู„ู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ุŒ
10:27
and, sometimes, full of themselves.
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ูˆููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ู…ุบุฑูˆุฑูˆู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
10:30
Now, kids ... you know,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุฃุทูุงู„ู‹ุงุŒ ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ
10:32
we fell in love with science when we were kids,
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ุฃุญุจุจู†ุง ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ููŠ ุทููˆู„ุชู†ุง
10:35
and yet we somehow spend most of our time during high school and college
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ู…ุถูŠ ู…ุนุธู… ูˆู‚ุชู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
10:39
just jumping through hoops
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ู‚ูุฒ ู…ู† ู…ุฌุงู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ
10:41
and doing things so that we can polish our rรฉsumรฉ
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ูˆู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฃุดูŠุงุก ูู‚ุท ู„ู†ุถุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠุฉ
10:44
instead of sitting down
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ุจุฏู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฃู† ู†ุฌู„ุณ ุจู‡ุฏูˆุก
10:46
and reflecting on what we want to do and who we want to be.
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ูˆู†ููƒุฑ ุจู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡.
10:52
And so,
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ
10:55
the markers of empathy in our college graduates
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ูุฅู† ู…ุคุดุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุนุงุทู ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนูŠูŠู†
10:59
have been dropping dramatically in the past two decades,
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ู„ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ุชู‡ุจุท ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุฐ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑูŠู†ุŒ
11:02
while those of narcissism are on the rise.
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ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู…ุคุดุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃู†ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุตุงุนุฏ.
11:05
There is also a growing culture of disengagement
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุตุงุนุฏ ู„ู†ู…ุท ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„
11:07
between engineering students and the public.
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ุจูŠู† ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ูˆุนุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
11:11
We are trained to build bridges and solve complex problems
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ูŠุชู… ุชุนู„ูŠู…ู†ุง ู„ู†ุจู†ูŠ ุฌุณูˆุฑู‹ุง ูˆู†ุญู„ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉ
11:16
but not how to think or live or be a citizen of this world.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ูƒูŠู ู†ููƒุฑ ุฃูˆ ู†ุนูŠุด ุฃูˆ ู†ูƒูˆู† ูุฑุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
11:21
My undergraduate years were explicit job preparation,
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ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุถูŠุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู„ู„ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจูˆุถูˆุญ ุชุฏุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ
11:26
and I cannot tell you how suffocating and painful it was at times.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ูƒู… ูƒุงู†ุช ุถุงุบุทุฉ ูˆู…ุคู„ู…ุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง.
11:31
And so,
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ
11:33
some people think the solution to great engineers, to great scientists,
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ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุธู†ูˆู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ูˆุนู„ู…ุงุก ุนุธู…ุงุกุŒ
11:36
is more technical training.
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ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠ.
11:38
Maybe so.
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ู„ุนู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
11:40
But where are the discussions on ethical decision-making,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุดุงุช ุญูˆู„ ุงุชุฎุงุฐ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุงุฆุจุฉุŒ
11:43
or building character,
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ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉุŒ
11:45
or discerning right from wrong?
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ุฃูˆ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุตุญ ูˆุงู„ุฎุทุฃุŸ
11:49
Consider this project that I deeply love and admire.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุญุจู‡ ูˆุฃู‚ุฏุฑู‡ุŒ
11:53
It's called, "Heroic Imagination Project."
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ุงุณู…ู‡ "ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู„ูŠ."
11:56
A brainchild of Dr. Phil Zimbardo,
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุซู…ุฑุฉ ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ููŠู„ ุฒูŠู…ุจุงุฑุฏูˆุŒ
11:59
famous for the Stanford Prison Experiment,
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ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุจุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุณุฌู† ุณุชุงู†ููˆุฑุฏ.
12:02
this program seeks to train school-going children around the world
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ูŠู‡ุฏู ู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠุฉุŒ ู…ู† ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
12:07
to look at themselves as heroes-in-waiting,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ูŠู†ุธุฑูˆุง ู„ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุฃุจุทุงู„ ููŠ ุงู†ุชุธุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ุฏุงุกุŒ
12:10
or heroes-in-training.
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ุฃูˆ ุฃุจุทุงู„ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ.
12:12
So, these young minds work over time to develop skills and virtues
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ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู… ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑ ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุชู‡ู… ูˆู‚ูŠู…ู‡ู…
12:18
so that when the opportunity comes,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุญูŠู† ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉุŒ
12:20
no matter what that opportunity be,
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ุฃูŠู‹ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉุŒ
12:22
to stand up and do the right thing.
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ู„ูŠุชู…ูƒู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ูˆุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ.
12:26
In other words,
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ุจุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุขุฎุฑุŒ
12:27
anyone can be a hero.
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ุฃูŠู‘ ุดุฎุต ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุทู„ู‹ุง.
12:30
Think about that idea for a second.
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ููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุง.
12:32
Why don't we teach science and engineering like that --
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุŸ
12:36
where heroism and public service are seen as key values,
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠุชู… ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู„ุฉ ูˆุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‚ูŠู… ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุŒ
12:40
because indeed, it's often heroism
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู„ูŠุฉ
12:43
that is not only the antidote to public indifference,
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ู„ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ูู‚ุท ุจู…ุญุงุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุฅู‡ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุŒ
12:46
but also to systemic evil like we saw in Flint.
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ุจู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุญุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุดุฑ ุงู„ุชู†ุธูŠู…ูŠุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ููŠ ูู„ูŠู†ุช.
12:51
And so, dream with me
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ุฅุฐู‹ุงุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุนูŠ
12:53
what a 21st-century scientist slash engineer could look like:
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ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†:
12:57
individuals who are driven to master the sciences
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ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุญุงูุฒ ู„ูŠุจุฑุนูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู…
13:01
so that they can serve society,
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ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠุชู…ูƒู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุŒ
13:03
and are also aware
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ูˆู‡ู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ุฏุฑูƒูˆู†
13:04
of the tremendous power their knowledge and decisions have;
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ู„ู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุญู…ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู…ู‡ู… ูˆู‚ุฑุงุฑุงุชู‡ู…ุ›
13:08
folks who are developing their moral courage at all times,
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ุฃุดุฎุงุต ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุดุฌุงุนุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ูˆู‚ุชุŒ
13:12
and who realize that conflict and controversy
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ูˆูŠุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุฒุงุน ูˆุงู„ุฌุฏุงู„
13:15
are not necessarily bad things
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ู„ูŠุณุช ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุฃู…ูˆุฑู‹ุง ุณูŠุฆุฉ
13:18
if our ultimate loyalty is to the public and the planet.
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูˆู„ุงุคู†ุง ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ูŠุตุจ ููŠ ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ.
13:22
These are the people who will stand up like we did in Flint --
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ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู‡ู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุณูŠู‚ููˆู† ูƒู…ุง ูˆู‚ูู†ุง ููŠ ูู„ูŠู†ุช --
13:27
not to be saviors or heroes in the media,
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ู„ูŠุณ ู„ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุฎู„ู‘ูุตูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฃุจุทุงู„ู‹ุง ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู…ุŒ
13:31
but altruistic and fundamentally good actors that you and I can trust.
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ุจู„ ุฃุดุฎุงุตู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฅูŠุซุงุฑ ูˆุฎูŠุฑ ู…ุชุฃุตู„ุŒ ุฃุดุฎุงุตู‹ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุซู‚ ุจู‡ู…ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุฃู†ุช.
13:39
Imagine fostering such a public-focused mindset
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ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุชุนุฒูŠุฒ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู…ุท ููŠ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ
13:44
in classes, on service trips and during activities
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ููŠ ุงู„ุตููˆูุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุญู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุชูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ุดุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
13:47
during college or even high school,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉุŒ
13:50
so that these young minds will hold onto those ideals
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ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุชู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ูŠุงูุนุฉ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…
13:54
when they actually enter the real world,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ูˆู† ูุนู„ู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠุŒ
13:56
whether that be consulting, academia, policy making --
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ุณูˆุงุกู‹ ุฃูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงุณุชุดุงุฑูŠุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠุŒ ุฃูˆ ุตู†ุน ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑ --
14:00
or even becoming the president of a country.
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ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุฅู† ุฃุตุจุญูˆุง ุฑุคุณุงุก ู„ุจู„ุงุฏู‡ู….
14:05
Some of mankind's greatest challenges lie ahead of us;
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ุจุนุถ ูƒุจุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุงุช ุจูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ุณุชู‚ุน ููŠู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ
14:08
contaminated drinking water is just one example.
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ุชู„ูˆุซ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑุจ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูู‚ุท.
14:12
We could definitely use more --
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ุณูŠููŠุฏู†ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ--
14:14
nay, we desperately need more -- compassionate upstanders
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ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ุฃุญุฑู‰ุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู…ุชุนุงุทููŠู† ูŠุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุงุŒ
14:19
and public-focused scientists and engineers
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ูˆุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ูŠุฑูƒุฒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ุนุงู…
14:22
who will strive to the do right thing,
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ูˆูŠุณุนูˆู† ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ
14:24
and not be easy to manage.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณูˆุง ุฃุดุฎุงุตู‹ุง ูŠุณู‡ู„ ุฅุฏุงุฑุชู‡ู….
14:26
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
14:27
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7