Science in service to the public good | Siddhartha Roy

52,334 views ใƒป 2017-05-22

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Leslie Gauthier Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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ืžืชืจื’ื: maor madmon ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
Fresh out of college,
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ื›ืฉืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™,
00:14
I went to work for a consulting firm.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ.
00:16
During orientation, the leaders dished out advice.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช, ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืขืฆื•ืช.
00:21
Amongst them was one pithy counsel I will never forget.
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ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืฉื›ื—
00:25
He told us, "Be easy to manage."
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื ื•: "ื”ื™ื• ืงืœื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ."
00:28
Considering how naรฏve I really was at the time,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืชืžื™ื
00:32
I took his advice to heart.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืžืฆืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืชื•.
00:34
I told myself,
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™,
00:35
"Yes, I will be the ultimate team player.
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"ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจ,
00:38
I will do everything I'm told.
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ืืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™.
00:40
I will be easy to manage."
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ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ."
00:43
It wasn't until I arrived in graduate school
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ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื™
00:45
and witnessed firsthand the criminal actions of scientists and engineers
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื• ืขื™ื ื™ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื
00:50
in the water crisis in Flint, Michigan
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ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืคืœื™ื ื˜, ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ
00:53
that I realized how dangerous and yet surprisingly common
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ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ื•ื ืคื•ืฆื”
00:58
this line of thinking really is.
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ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•.
01:00
Make no mistake:
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ืืœ ืชื˜ืขื•:
01:01
the Flint water crisis is one of the most egregious environmental injustices
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ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืคืœื™ื ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืื—ืช ื”ืขื•ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช
01:06
of our time.
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ื”ืžื‘ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื ื•.
01:07
For over 18 months,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™,
01:09
100,000 residents, including thousands of young children,
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100,000 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืœืคื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื
01:13
were exposed to contaminated drinking water with high levels of lead.
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ื ื—ืฉืคื• ืœืžื™ ืฉืชื™ื” ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืขื•ืคืจืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
01:17
Lead is a potent neurotoxin
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ืขื•ืคืจืช ื”ื™ื ืจืขืœืŸ ืขืฆื‘ื™ ืจื‘-ืขืฆืžื”
01:19
which causes cognitive and developmental disabilities
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ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ื•ืช
01:23
and is especially harmful to growing fetuses and young children.
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ื•ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
01:28
We've known about its dangers since the Roman Empire.
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ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช.
01:32
Amongst a whole host of health issues,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช,
01:35
12 people died by contracting Legionnaires' disease.
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12 ืื™ืฉ ืžืชื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ืžื—ืœืช ื”ืœื’ื™ื•ื ืจื™ื.
01:39
Flint's water infrastructure --
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืคืœื™ื ื˜ -
01:41
the complex network of underground pipes --
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ืจืฉืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช
01:44
has been severely damaged.
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” - ื ื™ื–ื•ืงื” ืงืฉื•ืช.
01:46
And while the water quality is slowly improving
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืžืฉืชืคืจืช ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”
01:50
and the pipes are being replaced now,
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ื•ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœืคื™ื ื›ืขืช,
01:52
more than two years later,
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ืœืื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
01:53
the water is still not safe to drink.
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ื”ืžื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื”.
01:58
So, people are still in shock.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื,
02:01
They ask themselves,
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ื”ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื,
02:02
"How could this have happened?"
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"ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช?"
02:04
The short answer is: the crisis began when an emergency manager,
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืงืฆืจื” ื”ื™ื: ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœ ื›ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ื–ืžื ื™,
02:09
appointed by Michigan's governor,
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ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ,
02:12
decided to switch their water source to a local river to save money.
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ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ื”ืจ ืกืžื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ื›ืกืฃ.
02:17
But it continued for so long
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ืืš ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื” ืจื‘
02:19
because scientists and engineers at government agencies
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช,
02:22
in the state of Michigan and in the federal government
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ื‘ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™,
02:25
did not follow federal regulations for treating the water right.
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ืœื ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื.
02:30
What was more,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”,
02:31
they actively cheated on the law and orchestrated cover-ups.
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ื”ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข ื•ื›ื™ืกื• ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
02:35
They ridiculed residents asking for help,
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ื”ื ื”ื˜ืขื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืคื ื• ืืœื™ื”ื ืœืขื–ืจื”,
02:38
while publicly insisting that the brown, smelly water coming out of the tap
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ื›ืฉื”ืชืขืงืฉื• ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืžืกืจื™ื—ื™ื
02:43
was safe to drink.
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ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื‘ืจื– ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื”.
02:45
The system at the local, state and federal levels completely failed
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช
02:51
to protect our most vulnerable,
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ื ื›ืฉืœื” ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:53
and an entire population was left to fend for itself.
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ื•ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื ื•ืชืจื” ืœื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื”.
02:58
Now, amidst this injustice, Flint residents were rallying together.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื•ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืชืื’ื“.
03:02
Amongst them were some amazing women of Flint --
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ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื›ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช,
03:05
mothers concerned about their kids --
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ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉื“ืื’ื• ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”ืŸ,
03:07
who came together forming many grassroots coalitions,
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ืฉื”ืชืื—ื“ื• ื•ื™ืฆืจื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช
03:11
and these groups started protesting and demanding change.
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ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืœืžื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
03:16
The group also reached out to outside scientists for help,
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ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืืฃ ื™ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืขื–ืจื”
03:20
and a few responded.
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ื•ืื—ื“ื™ื ื ืขื ื•.
03:22
Amongst them was a guy named Miguel Del Toral,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืฉืžื• ืžื™ื’ืœ ื“ืœ ื˜ื•ืจืœ,
03:25
a water expert at the US EPA -- the Environmental Protection Agency --
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ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืœืžื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
03:30
who actually wrote this scientific memo
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ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื–ื›ืจ ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื
03:33
and sent it to the state of Michigan and the federal government
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ื•ืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ ื•ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™
03:36
to bring their attention to this problem.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืกื‘ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื”.
03:39
He was characterized a "rogue employee,"
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ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื•ื’ ื›"ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืกืจื—"
03:41
and silenced.
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ื•ื”ื•ืฉืชืง.
03:44
In collaboration with Flint residents,
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืคืœื™ื ื˜,
03:47
our research team here at Tech,
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ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘-VirginiaTech
03:49
of students and scientists led by professor Marc Edwards,
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ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืคืจื•ืค' ืžืจืง ืื“ื•ืืจื“ืก,
03:53
conducted citywide testing
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ื‘ื™ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ
03:55
to prove that Flint's water was indeed contaminated,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืคืœื™ื ื˜ ืื›ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื
03:58
even toxic in some homes.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืจืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื.
04:01
We substantiated what Flint had been screaming for months,
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ื”ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ ืคืœื™ื ื˜ ืฆืขืงื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
04:04
and put it on the Internet for the world to see.
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ื•ืคืจืกืžื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืจืื”.
04:07
Now, when I was getting involved,
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘,
04:10
when I said yes to this,
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ื›ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ื›ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
04:12
I had no idea what I was getting into.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ื ื›ื ืก.
04:15
But every second of this journey has been totally worth it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืžื”ืžืกืข ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ื•ื”.
04:19
This was science in service to the public.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
04:21
This is what I came to graduate school for,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™,
04:24
and this is how I would rather spend my life.
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ืฉืืจื™ืช ื—ื™ื™.
04:27
And so this coalition --
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ื•ื›ืš ืื•ืชื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”, ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช
04:29
this unlikely coalition of citizens, pastors, journalists and scientists --
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ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ ื“ืช, ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ื,
04:34
came together to uncover the truth using science, advocacy and activism.
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ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืืžืช, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื.
04:39
A local pediatrician figured out
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ืจื•ืคื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™
04:41
that the instances of childhood lead poisoning had indeed doubled
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ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืจืขืœื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืคืจืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืคืœื™ื ื˜
04:46
in Flint during the crisis.
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ื”ื•ื›ืคืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืžื™ื,
04:48
And the state of Michigan was forced to acknowledge the problem
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ื•ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื”
04:52
and take steps to correct it.
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ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
04:55
This group and many others got Flint's kids protected.
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ืื•ืชื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ื’ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
04:59
A few months later,
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ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
05:01
President Obama came in and declared a federal emergency,
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืœืื•ืžื™
05:04
and now Flint is getting more than 600 million dollars
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-600 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
05:08
in healthcare, nutrition, education
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืชื–ื•ื ื”, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
05:11
and overhauling their water infrastructure.
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ื•ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื.
05:14
However, the arrogance and the callous disregard for public health
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
05:20
shown by scientists and engineers at these government agencies
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ืฉื”ืคื’ื™ื ื• ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช,
05:25
is beyond belief.
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ืœื ื™ืื•ืžื ื•.
05:27
These unhealthy cultures that are festering in these groups,
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ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช,
05:31
where the focus is on meeting regulations and checking boxes
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ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช
05:35
as opposed to protecting public health,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
05:37
is just appalling.
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ื•ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื–ืขื–ืข.
05:39
Just consider this email that an EPA employee wrote,
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื”ื‘ื
05:43
where she goes,
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ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”:
05:45
"I'm not so sure Flint is a community we want to go out on a limb for."
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"ืื™ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืžื’ื“ืจื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ืคืœื™ื ื˜."
05:51
The dehumanization of an entire population could not be more obvious.
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ื”ื”ืฉื—ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœืžื” ื–ื•ืขืงืช ืœืฉืžื™ื™ื.
05:56
Now, contrast that to the first canon of engineering,
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ื›ืขืช, ื ืกื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ื”ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื”
06:01
which, in my opinion, should be the first law of humanity:
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ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช:
06:04
"To hold paramount the health, safety and welfare of the public,"
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"ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ."
06:08
above all else.
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ืžืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ.
06:10
This is the Hippocratic Oath we've rarely acknowledged,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื™ืคื•ืงืจื˜ืก, ื‘ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื
06:14
let alone embraced.
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ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
06:16
And so when scientists and engineers, very much like medical doctors,
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ื•ื›ืš ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืจื•ืคืื™ื
06:20
screw up,
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ื˜ื•ืขื™ื,
06:21
people can get hurt --
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข,
06:23
even die.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžื•ืช.
06:25
If our professionals and even students fail to get that,
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ืื ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื–ืืช
06:29
society pays a huge price.
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉืœืžืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ื“.
06:33
Buried deep in history lies a character I deeply admire --
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ื™ืฉ ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืฅ,
06:37
an engineer named Peter Palchinsky.
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ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื‘ืฉื ืคื™ื˜ืจ ืคืœืฆ'ื™ื ืกืงื™.
06:40
He lived in the time of the Soviet Union.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช.
06:44
And Palchinsky repeatedly got in trouble for his radical honesty
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ืคืœืฆ'ื™ื ืกืงื™ ื”ืกืชื‘ืš ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื›ื ื•ืชื•
06:49
and willingness to point out major flaws in the Soviets' mindless pursuit
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืชื• ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืจื“ืฃ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™
06:54
of rapid industrialization.
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ืื—ืจ ืชื™ืขื•ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
06:57
Everyone was expected to follow orders coming from the top.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ื
07:01
Anyone asking questions or offering feedback was unwelcome.
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ืฉืื™ืœืช ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”.
07:06
The Soviets had created the largest army of engineers the world had ever seen,
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ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ืฆื‘ื ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
07:11
and yet most of them were mere cogs in a gigantic machine heading for doom.
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ืืš ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ื™ื• ืจืง ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืœืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ.
07:17
Palchinsky, on the other hand, implored engineers
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ืื‘ืœ ืคืœืฆ'ื™ื ืกืงื™ ืขื•ื“ื“ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช
07:20
to look at the economic, political and social consequences of their actions;
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ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื.
07:25
in other words, be more public-focused.
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
07:28
His fearless voice of reason was seen as a threat
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืกืจื™ ื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉืœื• ื ืชืคืกื• ื›ืื™ื•ื
07:32
to the political establishment,
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™,
07:34
and Joseph Stalin had him executed in 1929.
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ื•ืกื˜ืœื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฆืืชื• ืœื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘-1929.
07:39
Palchinsky's view on technocrats is very different
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ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ืคืœืฆ'ื™ื ืกืงื™ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”
07:43
from one that is still very popular, still very common --
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ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื›ื™ื•ื --
07:49
that of a dispassionate researcher working in his ivory tower lab,
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ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงืจ ื—ืกืจ ืœื”ื˜ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ืชื• ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืฉืŸ
07:54
or a nerdy engineer working in his cubicle.
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ืื• ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืชืื•,
07:58
Brilliant, no doubt,
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ืžื‘ืจื™ืง ืœืœื ืกืคืง,
08:00
yet somehow cut off from the world,
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ืืš ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ,
08:02
shows little emotion --
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ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžื‘ื™ืข ืจื’ืฉื•ืช,
08:04
kind of like Spock from "Star Trek," you know?
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ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ืกืคื•ืง ืž"ืžืกืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื".
08:08
This guy.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
08:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:11
Let's try and do the Spock salute.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื ืกื” ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืข ื›ืžื• ืกืคื•ืง.
08:14
I don't think I'll succeed ...
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ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืืฆืœื™ื—...
08:16
See, I can't be Spock.
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ืจื•ืื™ื, ืื ื™ ืœื ื›ืžื• ืกืคื•ืง.
08:18
Thank goodness I can't be Spock.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืืœ ืฉืื™ื ื™ ื›ืžื•ื”ื•.
08:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:23
I was reminded of this distinction because a recent article came out
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ื ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ื‘ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื›ื™ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืคืจืกืžื” ื›ืชื‘ื”
08:27
in a very reputed scientific journal,
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ื‘ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ืžื“ืขื™ ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“,
08:31
which kind of characterized our Flint work as driven by "youthful idealism,"
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ืฉืชื™ืืจื” ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื• ื‘ืคืœื™ื ื˜ ื›"ืžื•ื ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื–ื ืฆืขื™ืจ"
08:36
and "Hollywood's dramatic sensibilities."
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ื•"ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ื™ื™ื".
08:39
It asks scientists to protect their research funding and institutions
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ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื
08:44
at all costs, no matter how just the cause.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืฆื•ื“ืง.
08:48
And if you think you have to get involved in something,
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ื•ืื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘,
08:51
even if it's an emergency,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื–ื” ืžืงืจื” ื—ื™ืจื•ื,
08:53
try finding an activist group or an NGO,
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ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขืžื•ืชื” ืื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™
08:57
and obtain the full support of the academic community --
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ื•ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืืช ืชืžื™ื›ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช,
09:00
whatever that means --
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ,
09:02
before you get involved.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
09:04
Not one mention of our moral and professional obligation
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ื”ื ืœื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืชื ื• ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช
09:08
of preventing harm to the public,
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ืœืžื ื•ืข ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
09:10
or the fact that we have all this expertise,
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ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
09:14
resources and, for some, even tenure
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ื•ืœื—ืœืงื ื• ืืฃ ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืืงื“ืžื™ืช,
09:17
to, you know, accomplish this task.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื”.
09:20
I'm not saying every scientist should be an activist.
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ืื™ื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื“ืขืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™.
09:23
There are real and sometimes very painful consequences of speaking up.
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื›ื•ืื‘ื•ืช, ืœื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืขืžื“ื”.
09:28
But to denounce this idea, this possibility so completely
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื•ืงื™ืข ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช, ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
09:33
so that you can protect research funding,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจ,
09:35
simply screams of self-serving cowardice,
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ื–ื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ืคื—ื“ื ื™ืช ื•ืื ื•ื›ื™ืช.
09:38
and these are not the ideals we would want to pass to our students.
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ื•ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ืฉื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
09:44
And so you may think, "OK, all this sounds great,
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ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, "ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื˜ื•ื‘,
09:47
but you'll never completely change organizational cultures,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช,
09:51
or imbibe mindsets in students and professionals
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ืื• ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข
09:55
to look at their work as a public good --
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ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ -
09:58
science in service to the public."
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ืžื“ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”."
10:00
Maybe so.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื.
10:02
But could a big reason for that be
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœื›ืš
10:04
that we are not training our students right?
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
10:07
Because if you look closely,
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ื›ื™ ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘,
10:10
our education system today is focused more on creating
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช
10:15
what ex-Yale professor Bill Deresiewicz calls "excellent sheep" --
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ืžื” ืฉืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื™ื™ืœ, ื‘ื™ืœ ื“ืจืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ, ื›ื™ื ื” 'ื›ื‘ืฉื” ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ืช' -
10:20
young people who are smart and ambitious,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืฉืืคืชื ื™ื,
10:23
and yet somehow risk-averse, timid, directionless
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ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ื—ืกืจื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ
10:27
and, sometimes, full of themselves.
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื’ืื•ื•ืชื ื™ื.
10:30
Now, kids ... you know,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืœื“ื™ื...
10:32
we fell in love with science when we were kids,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ืข ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
10:35
and yet we somehow spend most of our time during high school and college
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื ื• ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”
10:39
just jumping through hoops
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ื‘ืงืคื™ืฆื” ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ืฉื•ืงื™ื
10:41
and doing things so that we can polish our rรฉsumรฉ
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ื•ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื“ืจื’ื• ืืช ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
10:44
instead of sitting down
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
10:46
and reflecting on what we want to do and who we want to be.
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืžื™ ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
10:52
And so,
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ื•ื›ืš
10:55
the markers of empathy in our college graduates
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืžืคืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช
10:59
have been dropping dramatically in the past two decades,
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ืฆื ื—ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
11:02
while those of narcissism are on the rise.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ืจืงื™ืกื™ื–ื ืขืœื”.
11:05
There is also a growing culture of disengagement
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืชื•ืง
11:07
between engineering students and the public.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
11:11
We are trained to build bridges and solve complex problems
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ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช
11:16
but not how to think or live or be a citizen of this world.
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ืืš ืœื ืื™ืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช, ืื• ืื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื— ื”ืขื•ืœื.
11:21
My undergraduate years were explicit job preparation,
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
11:26
and I cannot tell you how suffocating and painful it was at times.
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ื•ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืืจ ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื›ื•ืื‘ ื•ืžื—ื ื™ืง ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
11:31
And so,
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ื•ื›ืš,
11:33
some people think the solution to great engineers, to great scientists,
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ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื
11:36
is more technical training.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืชื’ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช.
11:38
Maybe so.
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
11:40
But where are the discussions on ethical decision-making,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช,
11:43
or building character,
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ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืื•ืคื™,
11:45
or discerning right from wrong?
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ืื• ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืข?
11:49
Consider this project that I deeply love and admire.
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ืงื—ื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื‘ื, ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื•ืžืขืจื™ืฅ.
11:53
It's called, "Heroic Imagination Project."
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื "ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืจื•ืื™".
11:56
A brainchild of Dr. Phil Zimbardo,
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ื”ืžืฆืื” ืžืคืจื™ ืขื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ืคื™ืœ ื–ื™ืžื‘ืจื“ื•,
11:59
famous for the Stanford Prison Experiment,
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ืฉื ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื›ืœื ื‘ืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“.
12:02
this program seeks to train school-going children around the world
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ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื™ื ืœืœืžื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
12:07
to look at themselves as heroes-in-waiting,
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ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื›ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืชื ื”,
12:10
or heroes-in-training.
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ืื• ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืชืœืžื“ื™ื.
12:12
So, these young minds work over time to develop skills and virtues
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ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช
12:18
so that when the opportunity comes,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื‘ื•ื ื”ืขืช, ื›ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช,
12:20
no matter what that opportunity be,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ื–ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช,
12:22
to stand up and do the right thing.
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ื”ื ื™ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
12:26
In other words,
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช,
12:27
anyone can be a hero.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
12:30
Think about that idea for a second.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœืจื’ืข.
12:32
Why don't we teach science and engineering like that --
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ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ื ืœืžื“ ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืคืŸ -
12:36
where heroism and public service are seen as key values,
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ื›ืš ืฉื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื
12:40
because indeed, it's often heroism
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืจื•ื‘, ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืจื•ืคื”
12:43
that is not only the antidote to public indifference,
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ืœืื“ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
12:46
but also to systemic evil like we saw in Flint.
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ื•ื’ื ืœืขื•ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืคืœื™ื ื˜.
12:51
And so, dream with me
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ื—ืœืžื• ืื™ืชื™
12:53
what a 21st-century scientist slash engineer could look like:
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ืื™ืš ื™ืจืื” ืžื“ืขืŸ / ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-21:
12:57
individuals who are driven to master the sciences
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ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื
13:01
so that they can serve society,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”,
13:03
and are also aware
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ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช ืžื•ื“ืข
13:04
of the tremendous power their knowledge and decisions have;
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ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื• ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื•;
13:08
folks who are developing their moral courage at all times,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
13:12
and who realize that conflict and controversy
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ื•ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช
13:15
are not necessarily bad things
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ืื™ื ื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืจืขื™ื
13:18
if our ultimate loyalty is to the public and the planet.
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ืื ื ืืžื ื•ืชื ื• ื ืชื•ื ื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื›ื“ื•ื”"ื.
13:22
These are the people who will stand up like we did in Flint --
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ืืœื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืœืขื–ืจื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ืคืœื™ื ื˜ -
13:27
not to be saviors or heroes in the media,
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ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืชื”ืœืœ ืื•ืชื ื›ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื™ื,
13:31
but altruistic and fundamentally good actors that you and I can trust.
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ืืœื ื›ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืืœื˜ืจื•ืื™ืกื˜ื™ื, ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื.
13:39
Imagine fostering such a public-focused mindset
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื˜ืžืขื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช-ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื›ื–ื•
13:44
in classes, on service trips and during activities
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ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช, ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช
13:47
during college or even high school,
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ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
13:50
so that these young minds will hold onto those ideals
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ื›ืš ืฉืื•ืชื ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ืืžืฆื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”
13:54
when they actually enter the real world,
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ื•ื™ืคืขืœื• ืœืคื™ื”ื ื›ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™,
13:56
whether that be consulting, academia, policy making --
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ, ื‘ืืงื“ืžื™ื”, ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช
14:00
or even becoming the president of a country.
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืจื™ืฆื” ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช.
14:05
Some of mankind's greatest challenges lie ahead of us;
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•;
14:08
contaminated drinking water is just one example.
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ืžื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื ืจืง ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช.
14:12
We could definitely use more --
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ืื ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ -
14:14
nay, we desperately need more -- compassionate upstanders
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ืœื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื - ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืžืœื”, ืฉืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื”
14:19
and public-focused scientists and engineers
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ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–,
14:22
who will strive to the do right thing,
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ืฉื™ืฉืืคื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
14:24
and not be easy to manage.
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ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงืœื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ.
14:26
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
14:27
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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