How art can help you analyze - Amy E. Herman

艺术如何帮助我们分析 - Amy E. Herman

翻译人员: Feifei Yan 校对人员: Bighead Ge

There's a prevailing attitude

人们普遍认为

that art doesn't matter in the real world.

艺术在现实世界中并不重要

But the study of art can enhance our perception

但事实上，学习艺术会增强我们的洞察力

and our ability to translate to others what we see.

以及向他人描述我们所看到事物的能力

Those skills are useful.

这些能力是有用的

Those skills can save lives.

这些能力能够拯救生命

Doctors, nurses, and law enforcement agents

医生，护士，和执法人员

can use painting, sculpture, and photography

可以使用绘画，雕塑，和摄影作为工具

as tools to improve their visual acuity

改善他们的视觉敏锐度

and communication skills,

以及沟通技巧

which are critical

这些技巧

during investigations and emergencies.

在调查和紧急情况下至关重要

If you're treating an injury,

如果你在治疗伤员

investigating a crime scene,

调查犯罪现场

or trying to describe either of those things

或是尝试向你的同事

to a colleague,

描述这些事情

art can make you better at it.

艺术能使你更擅长这些工作

Here, imagine you're a seasoned cop

这样吧，想象您是一个经验丰富的警察

or a dedicated doctor,

或是一个尽职尽责的医生

but also imagine you are at a museum

但同时想象你在一个博物馆里

and let's look at a painting.

让我们看这样一幅画

Rene Magritte's "Time Transfixed" of 1938

雷内·马格利特1938年创作的《凝聚的时间》

depicts a mysterious and complex interior

描绘了一个神秘而复杂的内部空间

that invites analysis

对这幅画的分析

not unlike that required of a patient's symptoms

和对病人症状的分析

or the scene of a crime.

或对犯罪现场的分析是很相似的

A miniature train whose origin

一辆起点未知

and destination are unknown

终点也未知的微型火车

is emerging from a fireplace,

从一个壁炉中出现

and the smoke from the locomotive

火车头的烟雾

appears to flow up the chimney

从烟囱中涌出

as if from the fire

好像是由火引起的

that is conspicuously absent below.

但在画面下方却全然不见火

The eeriness of the scene

这一场景的怪诞感

is echoed in the empty living room,

得到了整个空旷的起居室的呼应

enhanced by wood-grain floors

木纹地板

and decorative wall moldings

壁炉右边的墙壁装饰

to the right of the fireplace.

更增强了这一荒诞感

Perched atop the mantelpiece

在壁炉驾上的

are two candlesticks and a clock.

是两根蜡烛和一个时钟

Behind these objects is a large mirror

在这些物品后面有一个大镜子

that reveals an empty interior

反射出空空如也的房间

and only a partial reflection

和在它面前的物品的

of the objects before it.

一部分镜像

The juxtaposition of the objects

这些物品

surrounding the moving train

围绕着行驶中的火车摆放

raises numerous questions

让人满肚子的疑问

for which there seem to be no apparent answers.

而且似乎并没有明确的答案

Did I summarize the painting accurately

我把这幅画总结得准确吗？

or leave any details out?

还是忽略了什么细节？

It's no big deal

如果你在画中看到了别的东西

if you see something else in a painting,

那也没什么大不了的

but what if we're both seasoned cops?

但如果我们俩都是经验丰富的警察呢？

I call you for back-up.

我让你帮我掩护

You show up only to realize

你来了却发现

the two bank robbing ninjas I'd mentioned

我所说的两个银行劫匪

were actually six bank robbing ninjas with lasers.

实际上是六个拿着镭射枪的劫匪

Close study of art can train viewers

对于艺术的仔细研究

to study thoroughly,

能够训练观察者彻底研究

analyze the elements observed,

分析观察到的事物

articulate them succinctly,

清晰地描述它们

and formulate questions

并且整理出问题

to address the seeming inconsistencies.

解决表现上的不一致

Scrutinizing the details

对于一个不熟悉的场景

of an unfamiliar scene,

详细地调查细节

in this case the work of art,

就这件艺术作品而言

and accurately conveying

准确地表达

any observable contradictions

能够察觉到的矛盾之处

is a critically important skill

这无论对那些查看x光片的人

for both people who look at x-rays

还是那些审问嫌犯的人

and those who interrogate suspects.

都是至关重要的技能

Let's interrogate this painting, shall we?

让我们来“审问”一下这幅画的作者，如何？

Okay, Magritte, that's quite a little picture you've painted.

马格利特，这是一幅你画的画

But why aren't there any train tracks?

但你为啥不画火车轨道呢？

Why no fire?

为什么没有火？

What happened to the candles?

那些蜡烛是怎么了？

Why doesn't the fireplace

为什么这个壁炉

have a little tunnel for the train?

没有火车隧道？

It just comes straight through the wall.

而是火车直接从墙里开出来？

And the clock says

而且时钟显示

it's about quarter to one,

时间大约是12点三刻

but I'm not sure the light

但我不确定

that comes through the window at an angle

光线从窗户射进来的角度

says it's just past noontime.

显示这是刚过中午

What's this painting all about, anyway?

总之，你这幅画到底想表达什么？

That's when you, my trusty partner,

就在这时，你作为我可靠的搭档

hold me back,

让我停下

then I leave.

然后我离开了

You give Magritte a cup of coffee

你给你马格利特一杯咖啡

and keep grilling him

继续审问他

to see if this painting would hold up in court.

看这幅画能否在法庭上站得住脚

Viewers can provide a more detailed

通过描述看到了什么

and accurate description of a situation

和没有看到什么

by articulating what is seen

观察者能够提供对一个场景

and what is not seen.

更细节 更准确的描述

This is particularly important in medicine.

这对于医务工作者尤为重要

If an illness is evidenced by three symptoms

如果一种病的确诊要有三种症状

and only two are present in a patient,

但一位病人只有其中两种症状

a medical professional must explicitly state

医务工作者必须明确地指出

the absence of that third symptom,

这位病人没有第三种症状

signifying that the patient

这意味着这个病人

may not have the condition suspected.

可能并没有患上这种病

Articulating the absence of a specific detail or behavior

阐明不存在某一特定的细节或行为

known as the pertinent negative

被称作为相关阴性

is as critical as stating

在治疗病人时

the details and behaviors that are present

这与阐明存在某种细节和行为

in order to treat the patient.

是同样关键的

And conspicuous absences are only conspicuous

一些明显不存在的细节

to eyes trained to look for them.

只对受过训练的人来说才显而易见

Art teaches professionals

艺术能够指导

across a wide spectrum of fields

各行各业的从业人员

not only how to ask more effective questions

不仅能教会他们提出一些

about what cannot be readily answered,

无法被轻易回答的有效的问题

but also, and more importantly,

并且，更重要的是

how to analyze complex, real world situations

教会他们通过新的、不同的角度

from a new and different perspective,

分析复杂的现实情况

ultimately solving difficult problems.

从而在根本上解决难题

Intense attention to detail,

对细节的高度关注

the ability to take a step back

退后一步

and look differently,

从不同角度观察的能力

we want first responders to have the analytical skills

我们希望最早的反应者至少具有

of master art historians at least.

艺术史大师的分析能力

Art trains us to investigate,

艺术训练人们的调查能力

and that's a real world skill if there ever was one.

这就是一种所谓的现实世界的技能