How art can help you analyze - Amy E. Herman

藝術如何幫助分析 - Amy E. Herman

譯者: Jessie Lee 審譯者: Wenbo Li

There's a prevailing attitude

有個普遍存在的想法 －

that art doesn't matter in the real world.

藝術在真實世界裡並不重要

But the study of art can enhance our perception

但學習藝術可以加強我們的洞察力

and our ability to translate to others what we see.

和將所見的向他人說明表達的能力

Those skills are useful.

這些技巧是很有幫助的

Those skills can save lives.

也可以拯救生命

Doctors, nurses, and law enforcement agents

醫生、護士、執法人員

can use painting, sculpture, and photography

可以以繪畫、雕塑和攝影為工具

as tools to improve their visual acuity

來提高視覺的敏銳度

and communication skills,

和溝通協調的能力

which are critical

在偵查與緊急情況時是很重要的

during investigations and emergencies.

在偵查與緊急情況時是很重要的

If you're treating an injury,

如果你正在處理傷患、

investigating a crime scene,

調查犯罪現場

or trying to describe either of those things

或試著描述這任一情況給同事聽

to a colleague,

或試著描述這任一情況給同事聽

art can make you better at it.

藝術能幫你做得更好

Here, imagine you're a seasoned cop

現在想像你是個經驗老練的警察

or a dedicated doctor,

或是敬業認真的醫生

but also imagine you are at a museum

同時想像你在博物館

and let's look at a painting.

讓我們看一幅畫

Rene Magritte's "Time Transfixed" of 1938

雷內．馬格利特 1938 年的《時間凝視》

depicts a mysterious and complex interior

描繪一個引發分析 神祕又複雜難解的室內空間

that invites analysis

描繪一個引發分析 神祕又複雜難解的室內空間

not unlike that required of a patient's symptoms

和診斷病患症狀或調查犯罪現場

or the scene of a crime.

的需求類似

A miniature train whose origin

一部不知起點與終點的迷你火車

and destination are unknown

一部不知起點與終點的迷你火車

is emerging from a fireplace,

從壁爐裡冒出

and the smoke from the locomotive

火車頭的煙

appears to flow up the chimney

從煙囪冉冉升騰

as if from the fire

像失火一樣

that is conspicuously absent below.

很顯然地，下方並沒有火

The eeriness of the scene

這詭譎怪誕的畫面

is echoed in the empty living room,

和空曠的客廳產生共鳴

enhanced by wood-grain floors

且因木紋地板

and decorative wall moldings

和壁爐右方牆面的裝飾線板

to the right of the fireplace.

而更加強烈了

Perched atop the mantelpiece

壁爐上方

are two candlesticks and a clock.

有兩座燭台和一個時鐘

Behind these objects is a large mirror

後方是一面大鏡子

that reveals an empty interior

揭示了一個空無一物的室內空間

and only a partial reflection

而且僅有部分鏡前物的反射

of the objects before it.

而且僅有部分鏡前物的反射

The juxtaposition of the objects

並列在那部行駛中火車附近的陳列品

surrounding the moving train

並列在那部行駛中火車附近的陳列品

raises numerous questions

引發了許多疑問

for which there seem to be no apparent answers.

而那些疑問卻沒有明確的答案

Did I summarize the painting accurately

我有準確地描述這幅畫的要旨嗎？

or leave any details out?

有沒有遺漏任何細節？

It's no big deal

如果你有看出畫中其它的什麼 那也不要緊

if you see something else in a painting,

如果你有看出畫中其它的什麼 那也不要緊

but what if we're both seasoned cops?

假設我倆都是經驗老練的警察呢？

I call you for back-up.

我找你來支援

You show up only to realize

你到時才發現

the two bank robbing ninjas I'd mentioned

我提到的那兩個銀行搶匪

were actually six bank robbing ninjas with lasers.

其實是六個帶雷射槍的搶匪

Close study of art can train viewers

仔細研究藝術可以訓練觀察者

to study thoroughly,

徹底地研究

analyze the elements observed,

分析觀察到的元素、

articulate them succinctly,

簡潔清晰地表達

and formulate questions

並找出問題

to address the seeming inconsistencies.

指出表面上的不一致

Scrutinizing the details

仔細查看一個陌生場景的細節

of an unfamiliar scene,

仔細查看一個陌生場景的細節

in this case the work of art,

就以這件藝術品而言

and accurately conveying

並精準地描述

any observable contradictions

任何顯著的矛盾之處

is a critically important skill

對於檢閱 X 光照片

for both people who look at x-rays

和審問嫌犯的人

and those who interrogate suspects.

是一項極為重要的技能

Let's interrogate this painting, shall we?

那麼讓我們來審問這幅畫的創作人，如何？

Okay, Magritte, that's quite a little picture you've painted.

好，馬格利特，你這幅頗不尋常的畫

But why aren't there any train tracks?

為什麼沒有鐵軌呢？

Why no fire?

為什麼沒有火呢？

What happened to the candles?

那蠟燭是怎麼回事？

Why doesn't the fireplace

為什麼那壁爐沒有

have a little tunnel for the train?

火車用的小隧道？

It just comes straight through the wall.

火車直接從牆裡穿出來

And the clock says

看時鐘

it's about quarter to one,

將近 12 點 45 分

but I'm not sure the light

但我不確定那光線

that comes through the window at an angle

從窗外投射進來的角度

says it's just past noontime.

代表剛過正午時分

What's this painting all about, anyway?

總之，這幅畫到底要傳達什麼呢？

That's when you, my trusty partner,

當你 － 我所信任的夥伴

hold me back,

阻止我繼續盤問

then I leave.

後來我離開了

You give Magritte a cup of coffee

你給馬格利特一杯咖啡

and keep grilling him

然後繼續拷問他

to see if this painting would hold up in court.

看這幅畫在法庭上是否站得住腳

Viewers can provide a more detailed

觀看者可以清楚地表達

and accurate description of a situation

看到了什麼，和沒看到什麼

by articulating what is seen

看到了什麼，和沒看到什麼

and what is not seen.

對情況提出更仔細、更精確的描述

This is particularly important in medicine.

這對醫學尤其重要

If an illness is evidenced by three symptoms

假設某種疾病由三個症狀來證實

and only two are present in a patient,

但病患只有兩個症狀

a medical professional must explicitly state

醫療專業人員必須明確地陳述

the absence of that third symptom,

或缺第三項症狀

signifying that the patient

表明該病患

may not have the condition suspected.

可能沒有疑似的病症

Articulating the absence of a specific detail or behavior

詳細說明不存在某特定細節或行為

known as the pertinent negative

稱之為相關陰性

is as critical as stating

在治療病患時

the details and behaviors that are present

這重要性等同於

in order to treat the patient.

清楚說明所呈現的細節和行為

And conspicuous absences are only conspicuous

而那些明顯不存在的事物

to eyes trained to look for them.

只有對受過訓練的人是顯而易見的

Art teaches professionals

藝術能教導

across a wide spectrum of fields

各行各業的專業人士

not only how to ask more effective questions

不僅針對那些無法立即得到解答的事

about what cannot be readily answered,

提出更有效的提問

but also, and more importantly,

並且，更重要的是

how to analyze complex, real world situations

如何以一個全新不同的觀點

from a new and different perspective,

去分析複雜真實世界的情況

ultimately solving difficult problems.

最終解決困難的問題

Intense attention to detail,

對細節高度關注、

the ability to take a step back

退一步以不同角度

and look differently,

看待事物的能力

we want first responders to have the analytical skills

至少，我們需要首先回應的人

of master art historians at least.

有藝術史學大師的分析能力

Art trains us to investigate,

藝術訓練我們去調查研究

and that's a real world skill if there ever was one.

而那是真實世界裡再需要不過的技能了