The plot to overthrow the Inca Empire - Gabriel Prieto

238,693 views ・ 2023-09-28

TED-Ed


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翻译人员: Gia Hwang 校对人员: Carol Wang
00:09
It’s daybreak in the city of Chan Chan,
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昌昌城黎明时分,
00:12
and Maxo, a former soldier, has been up all night fretting.
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前士兵马克索一夜无眠、惴惴不安。
00:17
Last night, a friend stopped by and instructed Maxo to go to the plaza
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昨晚一朋友来访,嘱咐马克索
中午去工匠街区广场,有重要消息。
00:22
in the artisan neighborhood at noon for an important message.
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00:25
But with the recent political turmoil,
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但最近政局动荡,
00:27
answering this mysterious summons will be dangerous.
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应约前去这个神秘召集会有危险。
00:32
Situated on the north coast of modern-day Peru,
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这座位于现代秘鲁北海岸、 土坯砖建造的大都市,
00:35
for hundreds of years,
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数百年来
00:37
this adobe brick metropolis was the seat of the Chimú Empire,
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一直是奇穆帝国的所在地,
00:41
the most powerful empire ever seen on this continent—
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迄今为止,
奇穆帝国是这片大陆上最强大的帝国。
00:45
until now.
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00:47
This morning, the sleeping city looks, in many ways, the same as ever.
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今天早上,这座沉睡的城市 在许多方面都与往日无异。
00:52
Its ten palaces have decorative walls that keep ordinary people like Maxo out,
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它的十座宫殿都有装饰墙, 把马克索这样的普通人拒之城外,
00:57
but he doesn’t need to enter to know that the rulers inside
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但他无需进城就知道,
城里的统治者不再真正代表他的人民,
01:00
no longer truly represent his people.
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01:03
Instead, the Incas rule here now,
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相反,现在统治这里的是印加人。
01:06
after defeating the Chimú army.
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印加人在击败奇穆军队后,
01:09
They took the Chimú king, Minchancaman, to the Inca capital of Cusco
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将奇穆国王明昌卡曼带到印加首府库斯科,
01:15
and married him to an Inca princess.
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并命他与印加公主成了亲。
01:17
Now, though one of Minchancaman’s sons still sits on the throne,
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目前虽然明昌卡曼的一个儿子仍居王位,
01:21
he must do as the Incas wish because his father is their hostage.
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但必须按印加人的意愿做事, 因为他的父亲是他们的人质。
01:28
Maxo hurries past the palaces, following a canal to his destination.
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马克索匆忙穿过宫殿, 沿一条运河前往目的地。
01:33
An elaborate network of canals bring water from the Andean highlands
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精心设计的运河网络
将水从安第斯高原引入这座沙漠城市。
01:37
to this desert city.
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01:39
The plaza is bustling, but to Maxo’s eyes, it’s a shadow of what it used to be.
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广场上熙熙攘攘, 但在马科索看来却今非昔比。
01:45
Before the conquest, Chan Chan was a trade hub,
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在被征服之前,昌昌是一个贸易中心,
01:48
with llamas bringing goods from the highlands,
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骆驼从高原运来货物,
01:50
and thousands of artisans— including expert goldsmiths
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还有成千上万的工匠,包括专业金匠
01:54
and artists who turned the feathers of macaws and exotic birds
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以及能把金刚鹦鹉和奇异鸟类的羽毛
01:58
into beautiful clothing.
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制成漂亮衣服的艺术家。
02:00
All this is gone now:
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现在,这一切都消失不见,
02:02
the Incas took the artisans away to Cusco.
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印加人把工匠带去了库斯科。
02:06
Inca spies could be anywhere,
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印加间谍无处不在,
02:07
so to blend in, Maxo approaches a man peddling seafood.
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为混入人群,马克索 走进一个兜售海鲜的人。
02:12
As he barters for fresh fish, a priest taps his shoulder.
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当他以物易物换鲜鱼时, 一位牧师拍了拍他的肩膀,
02:15
He silently beckons Maxo to follow him.
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并用手势示意马克索跟他走。
02:19
As they wind through the empty artisan’s homes,
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当他们蜿蜒穿过空荡荡的工匠之家时,
02:22
Maxo fears a trap.
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马克索担心会有陷阱。
02:24
When the priest leads him through a dark doorway,
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当牧师领他穿过一个黑暗的门洞时,
02:27
he even draws his knife.
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他甚至拔出了刀。
02:29
But when he sees what’s on the other side, he drops it.
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但看清另一边的情景后,他收起了刀。
02:33
Gathered in front of him are influential people from all over the city and beyond:
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眼前聚集了全城内外有影响力的人:
02:38
nobility, local political and religious leaders,
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贵族、地方政治及宗教领袖,
02:41
even a few familiar faces from the army— what’s left of it.
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甚至还有几张残军里的熟悉面孔。
02:45
They've been secretly working on a plan that could change everything.
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他们一直在秘密制定一项 可能改变一切的计划,
02:49
Leaders from all over the former Chimú Empire
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来自前奇穆帝国的掌权者
02:52
are waiting to see what happens here, in Chan Chan.
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都拭目以待昌昌城里要发生的大事。
02:55
Tonight, they will rebel against the Incas,
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今晚,他们将抗击印加人,
02:58
attacking the Inca soldiers posted at the old fortress down the road,
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袭击驻扎在路边古堡里的印加士兵,
03:02
site of the final battle in the war.
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这正是战争最后一战的地点。
03:05
They want Maxo to join them.
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他们想让马克索加入他们,
03:07
Actually, they need Maxo to join them.
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实际上,他们需要马克索的加入,
03:09
As the only survivor of the last battle, he alone knows the layout of the site.
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因马克索是最后一战的唯一幸存者, 也只有他知道场地布局。
03:15
Maxo isn't sure he can face the place where so many of his friends died.
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马克索不确定自己能否 直面一众朋友丧命的地方,
03:20
And what about their king, hostage in Cusco?
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还有在库斯科被扣为人质的国王怎么办?
03:22
If they rebel, won’t the Incas kill him?
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如果他们造反,印加人不会杀死他吗?
03:25
In response, a young man steps out of the shadows:
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这时,一年轻人从阴影中走出来,
03:28
King Minchancaman’s son.
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正是明昌卡曼国王的儿子。
03:30
He explained that a rumor has arrived from Cusco,
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他解释说,从库斯科传言过来,
03:33
that the king is already dead.
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说国王已驾崩。
03:36
So the time for rebellion is now, and the young prince will lead it.
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因此,反抗时机正当时, 且年轻的王子将领导抗争。
03:41
The prince’s speech is enough to convince Maxo.
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王子的话彻底说服了马克索。
03:45
As he follows the canals home to prepare,
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当他沿运河回家去做准备时,
03:47
he remembers how the Incas cut off the water supply,
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想起印加人是如何切断供水的,
03:50
but Chan Chan survived on its deep, independent wells.
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但昌昌城靠独立的深井活了下来。
03:55
He hopes his city has one more reserve of strength to draw from.
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他希望自己的城市能再多一份力量储备。
04:00
In 2016, the mummified remains of a man from this period
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2016 年在昌昌城外,
发现了该时期的一具男性木乃伊遗骸。
04:04
were discovered just outside Chan Chan.
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04:07
Many details of the rebellion and who was behind it
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抗争印加的诸多细节以及幕后主导是谁
04:10
remain mysteries and best guesses.
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至今仍是谜团,众说纷纭。
04:12
What we do know is that afterward, the Incas burned Chan Chan,
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我们已知的是,此后印加人烧毁了昌昌,
04:16
killing many of its residents
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杀死了许多居民,
04:17
and scattering others throughout the Inca Empire.
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并将剩余的人遣散到整个印加帝国。
04:20
Just decades later, the Inca Empire itself fell,
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仅仅几十年后,印加帝国崩塌,
04:24
conquered by Spanish forces.
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被西班牙军队所灭。
04:27
As for our mummy, after surviving many battle wounds,
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至于发现的那具木乃伊, 在经历了多次战斗创伤之后,
04:30
he likely lived to an old age and died of natural causes.
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他很可能活到了老年,自然死亡。
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