The plot to overthrow the Inca Empire - Gabriel Prieto

238,693 views ใƒป 2023-09-28

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: zeeva livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:09
Itโ€™s daybreak in the city of Chan Chan,
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ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฆ'ืืŸ ืฆ'ืืŸ,
00:12
and Maxo, a former soldier, has been up all night fretting.
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ื•ืžืงืกื•, ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื”ื™ื” ืขืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ื‘ ื“ืื’ื”.
00:17
Last night, a friend stopped by and instructed Maxo to go to the plaza
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ืืžืฉ, ื—ื‘ืจ ืขืฆืจ ืœื™ื“ื• ื•ื”ื•ืจื” ืœืžืงืกื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœืจื—ื‘ื”
00:22
in the artisan neighborhood at noon for an important message.
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ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
00:25
But with the recent political turmoil,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
00:27
answering this mysterious summons will be dangerous.
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ืžืขื ื” ืœื–ื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
00:32
Situated on the north coast of modern-day Peru,
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ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•,
00:35
for hundreds of years,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
00:37
this adobe brick metropolis was the seat of the Chimรบ Empire,
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ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื—ื™ืžืจ ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื™ืช ืฆโ€™ื™ืžื•,
00:41
the most powerful empire ever seen on this continentโ€”
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ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ืจืืชื” ืื™ ืคืขื ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื–ื• -
00:45
until now.
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ืขื“ ืขืชื”.
00:47
This morning, the sleeping city looks, in many ways, the same as ever.
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ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื ืจืื™ืช, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืชืžื™ื“.
00:52
Its ten palaces have decorative walls that keep ordinary people like Maxo out,
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ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืืจืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื™ืฉ ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื“ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืจื—ื™ืงื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืงืกื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”,
00:57
but he doesnโ€™t need to enter to know that the rulers inside
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื
01:00
no longer truly represent his people.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ืขืžื•.
01:03
Instead, the Incas rule here now,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื”ืื™ื ืงื” ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื›ืขืช,
01:06
after defeating the Chimรบ army.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืกื• ืืช ืฆื‘ื ืฆ'ื™ืžื•.
01:09
They took the Chimรบ king, Minchancaman, to the Inca capital of Cusco
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ื”ื ืœืงื—ื• ืืช ืžืœืš ืฆโ€˜ื™ืžื•, ืžื™ื ืฆโ€™ืื ืงืžืŸ, ืœื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืื™ื ืงื” ื‘ืงื•ืกืงื•
01:15
and married him to an Inca princess.
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ื•ื—ื™ืชื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœื ืกื™ื›ืช ืื™ื ืงื”.
01:17
Now, though one of Minchancamanโ€™s sons still sits on the throne,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืฆโ€™ื ืงืžืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืก ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื”,
01:21
he must do as the Incas wish because his father is their hostage.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืงื” ื›ื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
01:28
Maxo hurries past the palaces, following a canal to his destination.
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ืžืงืกื• ืžืžื”ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ืฃ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืืจืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืื•ืจืš ืชืขืœื” ืœื™ืขื“ื•.
01:33
An elaborate network of canals bring water from the Andean highlands
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ืจืฉืช ืชืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœืช ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืžื™ื ืžื”ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืื ื“ื™ื•ืช
01:37
to this desert city.
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ืœืขื™ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ืช ื–ื•.
01:39
The plaza is bustling, but to Maxoโ€™s eyes, itโ€™s a shadow of what it used to be.
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ื”ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื•ืงืงืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืžืงืกื•, ื–ื” ืฆืœ ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคืขื.
01:45
Before the conquest, Chan Chan was a trade hub,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ, ืฆโ€˜ืืŸ ืฆโ€™ืืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืจื›ื– ืกื—ืจ,
01:48
with llamas bringing goods from the highlands,
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ืขื ืœืืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืจืžื•ืช,
01:50
and thousands of artisansโ€” including expert goldsmiths
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ื•ืืœืคื™ ืื•ืžื ื™ื - ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฆื•ืจืคื™ื
01:54
and artists who turned the feathers of macaws and exotic birds
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ื•ืืžื ื™ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืงืื• ื•ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช
01:58
into beautiful clothing.
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ืœื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื™ืคื™ื.
02:00
All this is gone now:
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืขืœื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•:
02:02
the Incas took the artisans away to Cusco.
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ื”ืื™ื ืงื” ืœืงื—ื• ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืœืงื•ืกืงื•.
02:06
Inca spies could be anywhere,
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ืžืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืื™ื ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
02:07
so to blend in, Maxo approaches a man peddling seafood.
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ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘, ืžืงืกื• ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœื’ื‘ืจ ืฉืจื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื.
02:12
As he barters for fresh fish, a priest taps his shoulder.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื‘ื“ื’ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ื›ื•ืžืจ ืžืงื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื•.
02:15
He silently beckons Maxo to follow him.
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ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ืœืžืงืกื• ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•.
02:19
As they wind through the empty artisanโ€™s homes,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืจื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื ื™ื,
02:22
Maxo fears a trap.
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ืžืงืกื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืžืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช.
02:24
When the priest leads him through a dark doorway,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ื•ืžืจ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื“ืจืš ืคืชื— ื—ืฉื•ืš,
02:27
he even draws his knife.
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ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื•ืฉืš ืืช ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•.
02:29
But when he sees whatโ€™s on the other side, he drops it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ื•ื ืžืคื™ืœ ืื•ืชื•.
02:33
Gathered in front of him are influential people from all over the city and beyond:
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ืœืคื ื™ื• ื ืืกืคื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื”:
02:38
nobility, local political and religious leaders,
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ืื ืฉื™ ืืฆื•ืœื”, ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ืชื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
02:41
even a few familiar faces from the armyโ€” whatโ€™s left of it.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืžื” ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฆื‘ื - ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืžืžื ื•.
02:45
They've been secretly working on a plan that could change everything.
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ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉืื™ ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ.
02:49
Leaders from all over the former Chimรบ Empire
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ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื™ืช ืฆโ€™ื™ืžื• ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ
02:52
are waiting to see what happens here, in Chan Chan.
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ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืฆโ€˜ืืŸ ืฆโ€™ืืŸ.
02:55
Tonight, they will rebel against the Incas,
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ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื ื™ืชืžืจื“ื• ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื™ื ืงื”,
02:58
attacking the Inca soldiers posted at the old fortress down the road,
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ื™ืชืงืคื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื”ืื™ื ืงื” ื”ืžื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ืจืš,
03:02
site of the final battle in the war.
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ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงืจื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”.
03:05
They want Maxo to join them.
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืžืงืกื• ื™ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื”ื.
03:07
Actually, they need Maxo to join them.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืžืงืกื• ื™ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื”ื.
03:09
As the only survivor of the last battle, he alone knows the layout of the site.
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ื›ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื“ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ.
03:15
Maxo isn't sure he can face the place where so many of his friends died.
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ืžืงืกื• ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืชื•.
03:20
And what about their king, hostage in Cusco?
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ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืœื”ื, ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืงื•ืกืงื•?
03:22
If they rebel, wonโ€™t the Incas kill him?
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ืื ื”ื ื™ืชืžืจื“ื•, ื”ืื™ื ืงื” ืœื ื™ื”ืจื’ื• ืื•ืชื•?
03:25
In response, a young man steps out of the shadows:
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ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืฆืขื™ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืฆืœืœื™ื:
03:28
King Minchancamanโ€™s son.
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ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืžื™ื ืฆโ€™ื ืงืžืŸ.
03:30
He explained that a rumor has arrived from Cusco,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืžืงื•ืกืงื•,
03:33
that the king is already dead.
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ืฉื”ืžืœืš ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืช.
03:36
So the time for rebellion is now, and the young prince will lead it.
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ืื– ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžืจื“ ื”ื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื•ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื•.
03:41
The princeโ€™s speech is enough to convince Maxo.
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ื“ื™ ื‘ื ืื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ืžืงืกื•.
03:45
As he follows the canals home to prepare,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ,
03:47
he remembers how the Incas cut off the water supply,
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ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืื™ื ืงื” ื ื™ืชืงื• ืืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื™ื,
03:50
but Chan Chan survived on its deep, independent wells.
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ืืš ืฆโ€˜ืืŸ ืฆโ€™ืืŸ ืฉืจื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืืจื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
03:55
He hopes his city has one more reserve of strength to draw from.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืœืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื• ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขืชื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืžืžื ื”.
04:00
In 2016, the mummified remains of a man from this period
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2016 ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื—ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืžืžืฉ
04:04
were discovered just outside Chan Chan.
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ื”ืชื’ืœื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฆโ€˜ืืŸ ืฆโ€™ืืŸ.
04:07
Many details of the rebellion and who was behind it
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ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืจื“ ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื•
04:10
remain mysteries and best guesses.
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ื ื•ืชืจื• ืชืขืœื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
04:12
What we do know is that afterward, the Incas burned Chan Chan,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืงื” ืฉืจืคื• ืืช ืฆโ€˜ืืŸ ืฆโ€™ืืŸ,
04:16
killing many of its residents
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ื”ืจื’ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”
04:17
and scattering others throughout the Inca Empire.
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ื•ืคื™ื–ืจื• ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ืงื”.
04:20
Just decades later, the Inca Empire itself fell,
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ืจืง ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ืคืœื” ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ืงื” ืขืฆืžื”,
04:24
conquered by Spanish forces.
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ื›ืฉื ื›ื‘ืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื.
04:27
As for our mummy, after surviving many battle wounds,
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ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืžื•ืžื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉืจื“ื” ืคืฆืขื™ ืงืจื‘ ืจื‘ื™ื
04:30
he likely lived to an old age and died of natural causes.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ืขื“ ื–ืงื ื” ื•ืžืช ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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