The plot to overthrow the Inca Empire - Gabriel Prieto

236,467 views ・ 2023-09-28

TED-Ed


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譯者: 穎君 紀 審譯者: Helen Chang
00:09
It’s daybreak in the city of Chan Chan,
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昌昌市迎來新的一天,
00:12
and Maxo, a former soldier, has been up all night fretting.
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前軍人馬克索煩惱著某事,徹夜未眠。
00:17
Last night, a friend stopped by and instructed Maxo to go to the plaza
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昨晚有位朋友來傳話給馬克索說,
中午前往工匠社區的廣場, 要告知你一項重要消息。
00:22
in the artisan neighborhood at noon for an important message.
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00:25
But with the recent political turmoil,
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但由於最近社會動盪不安,
00:27
answering this mysterious summons will be dangerous.
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回應這神秘傳票將伴隨巨大風險。
00:32
Situated on the north coast of modern-day Peru,
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座落於現今秘魯北部海岸,
00:35
for hundreds of years,
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這座土磚大都市曾是幾百年來 南美大陸上最強盛的奇穆帝國
00:37
this adobe brick metropolis was the seat of the Chimú Empire,
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00:41
the most powerful empire ever seen on this continent—
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所立足的地方—直到現在為止。
00:45
until now.
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00:47
This morning, the sleeping city looks, in many ways, the same as ever.
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今天早上,尚未清醒的昌昌市 看起來跟以往沒什麼不同。
00:52
Its ten palaces have decorative walls that keep ordinary people like Maxo out,
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市裡的十座宮殿外有許多裝飾牆, 把馬克索這樣的平民拒於門外,
00:57
but he doesn’t need to enter to know that the rulers inside
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但他不用進入宮殿,就知道裡面的國王
01:00
no longer truly represent his people.
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不再是奇穆人的王,
01:03
Instead, the Incas rule here now,
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反倒是印加人坐在奇穆帝國的王位上,
01:06
after defeating the Chimú army.
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因為印加帝國打倒了奇穆帝國。
01:09
They took the Chimú king, Minchancaman, to the Inca capital of Cusco
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印加人把奇穆國王敏查卡曼 帶去印加首都庫斯科,
01:15
and married him to an Inca princess.
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讓他和印加公主結婚。
01:17
Now, though one of Minchancaman’s sons still sits on the throne,
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雖然敏查卡曼有個兒子在位,
01:21
he must do as the Incas wish because his father is their hostage.
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但他必須服從印加人指揮,因為 父親敏查卡曼現已淪為人質。
01:28
Maxo hurries past the palaces, following a canal to his destination.
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馬克索快速通過宮殿群, 沿著運河趕到目的地,
01:33
An elaborate network of canals bring water from the Andean highlands
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正是這精密的運河網把水從 安地斯地區高原引進到這座沙漠城市。
01:37
to this desert city.
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01:39
The plaza is bustling, but to Maxo’s eyes, it’s a shadow of what it used to be.
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廣場上人群熙來攘往,但在馬克索眼裡, 這還遠遠不及大戰前的盛況。
01:45
Before the conquest, Chan Chan was a trade hub,
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印加人征服奇穆帝國前, 昌昌市是個貿易樞紐,
01:48
with llamas bringing goods from the highlands,
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羊駝從高原地區運來商品,
01:50
and thousands of artisans— including expert goldsmiths
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數千位工匠們也聚集於此,
包括專業金匠,以及藝術家,
01:54
and artists who turned the feathers of macaws and exotic birds
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將金剛鸚鵡等異國鳥類的羽毛 製成漂亮的服裝。
01:58
into beautiful clothing.
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02:00
All this is gone now:
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現在,這些景象蕩然無存—
02:02
the Incas took the artisans away to Cusco.
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印加人把工匠帶去了庫斯科。
02:06
Inca spies could be anywhere,
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印加間諜可能就在每個人身邊,
02:07
so to blend in, Maxo approaches a man peddling seafood.
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所以為了不被印加人起疑, 馬克索走近一位海鮮小販。
02:12
As he barters for fresh fish, a priest taps his shoulder.
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他正要以物易物買走魚時, 一位牧師輕拍他的肩膀,
02:15
He silently beckons Maxo to follow him.
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無聲示意馬克索跟著他走。
02:19
As they wind through the empty artisan’s homes,
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他們一路穿過許多空蕩蕩的工匠住宅,
02:22
Maxo fears a trap.
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馬克索隨時提防周遭陷阱。
02:24
When the priest leads him through a dark doorway,
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牧師帶領他穿過一座黑暗的走廊時,
02:27
he even draws his knife.
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他甚至抽出了小刀。
02:29
But when he sees what’s on the other side, he drops it.
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但看見門簾裡的景象後, 他震驚到小刀掉到地上—
02:33
Gathered in front of him are influential people from all over the city and beyond:
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眼前這群人是來自四面八方, 具有重大影響力的名人,
02:38
nobility, local political and religious leaders,
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如貴族,當地政治和宗教領袖,
02:41
even a few familiar faces from the army— what’s left of it.
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甚至是殘存的軍隊裡熟悉的成員。
02:45
They've been secretly working on a plan that could change everything.
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他們為推翻現狀,已偷偷制定計劃許久。
02:49
Leaders from all over the former Chimú Empire
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來自前奇穆帝國各地區的前領導人
02:52
are waiting to see what happens here, in Chan Chan.
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等著要看昌昌市究竟發生了什麼事。
02:55
Tonight, they will rebel against the Incas,
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今晚,他們要起義反抗印加人,
02:58
attacking the Inca soldiers posted at the old fortress down the road,
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襲擊站崗在上場大戰留下的
03:02
site of the final battle in the war.
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老堡壘裡的印加軍人們。
03:05
They want Maxo to join them.
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他們希望馬克索能加入,
03:07
Actually, they need Maxo to join them.
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其實,他們非常需要馬克索。
03:09
As the only survivor of the last battle, he alone knows the layout of the site.
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馬克索是上次大戰唯一的倖存者, 只有他知道該堡壘的佈局。
03:15
Maxo isn't sure he can face the place where so many of his friends died.
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但馬克索不確定他能不能坦然面對 奪走許多朋友性命的這座堡壘,
03:20
And what about their king, hostage in Cusco?
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而且,在庫斯科的前奇穆帝國國王呢?
03:22
If they rebel, won’t the Incas kill him?
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若奇穆人反叛,印加人不會殺了他嗎?
03:25
In response, a young man steps out of the shadows:
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一個年輕人迎面走來回答他的疑慮:
03:28
King Minchancaman’s son.
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敏查卡曼前國王的兒子。
03:30
He explained that a rumor has arrived from Cusco,
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他解釋道,庫斯科傳來一則謠言
03:33
that the king is already dead.
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說國王已經死了,
03:36
So the time for rebellion is now, and the young prince will lead it.
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所以現在正是叛亂的大好時機, 且自己將親自領導這場叛亂。
03:41
The prince’s speech is enough to convince Maxo.
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王子的一席話完全說服了馬克索。
03:45
As he follows the canals home to prepare,
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他沿著運河走回家準備時,
03:47
he remembers how the Incas cut off the water supply,
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他回想起印加人切斷供水時,
03:50
but Chan Chan survived on its deep, independent wells.
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昌昌市憑著深且獨立的水井撐過危機。
03:55
He hopes his city has one more reserve of strength to draw from.
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他希望昌昌市仍蓄有可被汲取的力量。
04:00
In 2016, the mummified remains of a man from this period
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2016 年,昌昌市外圍發掘出
04:04
were discovered just outside Chan Chan.
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一具木乃伊化的男性遺骸。
04:07
Many details of the rebellion and who was behind it
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關於叛亂本身和主謀者的細節
04:10
remain mysteries and best guesses.
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至今仍然成謎,沒有定論。
04:12
What we do know is that afterward, the Incas burned Chan Chan,
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我們只知道叛亂後印加人燒毀昌昌市,
04:16
killing many of its residents
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殺死許多居民,
04:17
and scattering others throughout the Inca Empire.
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並將剩下的居民分開,打散在不同地區。
04:20
Just decades later, the Inca Empire itself fell,
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幾十年後,印加帝國也潰下陣,
04:24
conquered by Spanish forces.
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被西班牙軍隊征服。
04:27
As for our mummy, after surviving many battle wounds,
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至於那具男性木乃伊呢, 他身負許多戰爭時受的傷,
04:30
he likely lived to an old age and died of natural causes.
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但他存活下來,活到老年,自然死亡。
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