A day in the life of an Aztec midwife - Kay Read

1,385,543 views ・ 2020-05-12

TED-Ed


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翻译人员: Lark Yu 校对人员: Yanyan Hong
00:06
Lord Sun dawns on the day called 7-Monkey,
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太阳神在七猴之日出现,
00:10
his fingers slowly spreading a rosy sheen
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从他指尖慢慢散播出红润的光辉,
00:13
that mixes softly with smoke rising from Tenochtitlan’s many hearth fires.
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和特诺齐特兰的村庄人家 升起的袅袅炊烟慢慢融合。
00:19
The midwife, Xoquauhtli, has a difficult choice to make.
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接生婆胥夸特莉, 要做一个艰难的决定。
00:23
A momentous shift from rainy season to dry season is underway.
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现在正值雨季过渡到 旱季的重大转换时期。
00:28
All summer, the gods have kept the people fed with corn,
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整个夏天,众神们 都确保人们能吃上玉米,
00:31
but the fertile summer months are disappearing.
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而丰饶的夏季月份即将过去。
00:35
This day occurs during the festival that marks the shift
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庆典季的今天标志着转变,
00:38
between the summer season, when the gods feed the people,
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从众神让人们饱餐的夏季转换到
00:42
and the winter season, when the people feed the gods in return.
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改由人民回馈众神的冬季。
00:46
Xoquauhtli owes a debt to her patron, Teteoinnan,
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胥夸特莉亏欠她的守护神,特里欧娜,
00:50
the female warrior goddess at the center of this festival.
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她是与这个庆典季 有重要关系的战斗女神。
00:53
Teteoinnan wages war both on women’s battlefields of birth
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特里欧娜会发动女性的生育战争,
00:58
and in men’s battles with Tenochtilan’s enemies.
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以及男性与特诺齐特兰敌人的战争。
01:02
She must be kept happy or she will bring bad luck.
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一定要让她满心欢喜, 否则会带来厄运。
01:05
The midwife should participate in the festival today,
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接生婆要参加今天的庆典,
01:08
but one of her patients could go into labor any minute.
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但她有一个病人可能随时要分娩。
01:12
Xoquauhtli decides to check on her patient first.
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胥夸特莉决定先去看看她的病人。
01:15
The expecting mother hasn’t worked too hard, chewed gum,
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准妈妈还没有进入 最后产程,嚼着口香糖,
01:18
or lifted heavy things.
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或拿重物。
01:20
Her family is taking good care of her.
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她的家人悉心地照顾着她。
01:22
Surely Xoquauhtli can take a little time to honor her goddess.
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当然胥夸特莉可以抽出 片刻时间向她的女神祈祷。
01:26
She leaves her apprentice in charge and heads to the center of the city.
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她留下助手照料现场, 只身前往市中心。
01:30
Along the way, she sees women sweeping the roads and hanging gourds
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一路上她看到妇女们 在清扫道路和悬挂水瓢
01:34
in preparation for the festival.
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为庆典做准备。
01:36
Finally, she reaches the Great Pyramid.
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终于,她到达大金字塔。
01:40
On top are two temples: the north,
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顶上有两座神庙:北神殿,
01:42
where rituals honor the rain god in the summer,
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举行仪式祈求夏季雨神的地方,
01:45
and the south one is where rituals honor the war god in the winter.
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南边是举行仪式 祈福冬季战神的地方。
01:49
On the equinox, the sun rises between the two sides.
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在昼夜平分点, 太阳会在两方之间升起。
01:53
The ceremony begins with a mock battle between the midwives
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仪式一开始,是由接生婆 与其他医护人员之间
01:57
and the other physicians.
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展开一场模拟作战。
01:58
Xoquauhtli’s team battles heartily, throwing nochtles, marigolds,
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胥夸特莉所在小组全情投入, 扔着果实,金盏花,
02:03
and balls made of reed and moss.
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以及芦苇和苔藓做成的球。
02:06
They joke, call their rivals names, and laugh.
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他们说着玩笑, 叫对手的名字,发出笑声。
02:09
But then, a girl comes running with a message for Xoquauhtli.
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就在这时,一个女孩跑过来, 给胥夸特莉带来一个消息。
02:12
Her patient is in labor!
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她的病人要分娩了!
02:15
She hurries back to the house.
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她急忙赶回病人房间。
02:17
All the old women from the extended family
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整个大家族的所有年老女性,
02:19
have already gathered for the birth—
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已经到来,等待着新生命降临——
02:21
their experience is very valuable if anything goes wrong.
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如果哪里不对劲, 她们的经验非常宝贵。
02:24
She readies herself with a prayer praising her most important tools, her fingers.
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胥夸特莉祈祷并准备使用 她最重要的工具,她的手指。
02:30
Then she doses the patient with cihuapatli to help expel the baby,
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然后她让赤花帕特里 协助病人用力生出孩子。
02:35
massages her in the sweathouse, and rubs her stomach with tobacco.
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在产房中给她按摩, 并用烟草按揉肚子。
02:39
Offering Teteoinnan a short prayer,
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给特里欧娜一个很短的祈祷,
02:42
she urges her patient to act like a warrior.
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她鼓励病人表现得像战士一样。
02:45
A strong baby girl slips into her waiting hands
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一个强健的女宝宝 滑落到伸着等待的手中
02:48
and the old women shout triumphant cries.
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老年的妇女们发出胜利的呼叫。
02:52
Xoquauhtli takes a few drops of water from a jade bowl, breaths on them,
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胥夸特莉从一个玉制碗中 沾了几滴水,靠近闻了闻,
02:57
and places them on the baby’s tiny tongue.
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然后放到了小宝宝的小舌头上。
02:59
She calls her a precious greenstone, a little warrior,
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她称小宝宝是珍贵的 绿宝石,小战士,
03:03
and tells her how the Lord and Lady of the Ninth Sky
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并告诉她,第九天空的 众神和女神是怎样
03:05
breathed life into her, sending her to this place of burden and torment.
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给她带来生命,送到这个 满是责任和磨难的地方。
03:11
She then turns to the new mother, praising her,
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她然后转向新妈妈,赞扬她,
03:14
telling her she acted like an eagle warrior, a jaguar warrior.
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告诉她,她表现得就像 一位鹰斗士,或虎斗士。
03:20
By the time they finish, it’s late, and the flames of the fire have died down.
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他们结束时,天色已晚, 燃起的火苗也已经熄灭。
03:25
Xoquauhtli piles the remaining hot coals in the center of the hearth,
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胥夸特莉把剩下的 热炭堆在在炉子中,
03:29
stoking them to keep them going.
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煽动着它们继续燃烧。
03:31
She lays the baby in a woven basket, head facing the warming fire.
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她把宝宝放入一个编织的篮子中, 面朝着温暖的炉火。
03:36
This will warm her tonalli, an important “soul” center in the body
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这会暖和她的托纳利, 一个她身体重要的 “灵魂” 中心
03:41
central to health and well-being.
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对健康和幸福非常重要。
03:43
It’s almost midnight— if Xoquauhtli hurries,
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几乎到午夜了—— 如果胥夸特莉抓紧时间,
03:46
she can get back to the temple for the culmination of the festival.
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她还能赶回神庙, 加入到庆典高潮中。
03:50
She makes her way to the city center, where a priest carries a woman on his back
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她一路走到市中心,在那里, 一位神父背着一位妇女
03:55
to the top of the pyramid.
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往金字塔顶走去。
03:56
To begin the new season and feed the gods, she will be beheaded,
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为了回馈众神、 迎接季节的开始,她会被砍头,
04:00
symbolizing how corn is cut in the fields.
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象征着田地里玉米被收割。
04:04
Afterward, she will be reborn as Lady Teteoinnan,
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之后,她会以 特里欧娜女神的模样重生,
04:08
and preside over the induction of new warriors.
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掌管着新斗士的到来。
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