A day in the life of an Aztec midwife - Kay Read

1,422,939 views ใƒป 2020-05-12

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jae Rim Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : YoonJu Mangione
00:06
Lord Sun dawns on the day called 7-Monkey,
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ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ์‹ ์ด ์ผ๊ณฑ ์›์ˆญ์ด ๋‚ ์— ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ผ,
00:10
his fingers slowly spreading a rosy sheen
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๊ทธ์˜ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ํผํŠธ๋ฆฐ ์žฅ๋ฏธ๋น›์ด
00:13
that mixes softly with smoke rising from Tenochtitlanโ€™s many hearth fires.
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ํ…Œ๋…ธ์น˜ํ‹ฐํ‹€๋ž€์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํ™”๋กœ์—์„œ ํ”ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์„ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
The midwife, Xoquauhtli, has a difficult choice to make.
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์‚ฐํŒŒ ์‡ผ์ฟผ์šฐํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
A momentous shift from rainy season to dry season is underway.
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์žฅ๋งˆ์—์„œ ๊ฑด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
All summer, the gods have kept the people fed with corn,
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์‹ ๋“ค์€ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ ๋จน์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
00:31
but the fertile summer months are disappearing.
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๋น„์˜ฅํ•œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์€ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
This day occurs during the festival that marks the shift
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์ด ๋‚ ์€ ์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์Œ์‹์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—์„œ
00:38
between the summer season, when the gods feed the people,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šธ์ด ๋˜๋Š”
00:42
and the winter season, when the people feed the gods in return.
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถ•์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
Xoquauhtli owes a debt to her patron, Teteoinnan,
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์‡ผ์ฟผ์šฐํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํ›„์›์ž์ธ ํ…Œํ…Œ์˜ค์ด๋‚œ์—๊ฒŒ ๋นš์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
the female warrior goddess at the center of this festival.
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ํ…Œํ…Œ์˜ค์ด๋‚œ์€ ์ด ์ถ•์ œ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด์ž ์—ฌ์ „์‚ฌ ์—ฌ์‹ ์ด์ฃ .
00:53
Teteoinnan wages war both on womenโ€™s battlefields of birth
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ํ…Œํ…Œ์˜ค์ด๋‚œ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ „์žฅ๊ณผ
00:58
and in menโ€™s battles with Tenochtilanโ€™s enemies.
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ํ…Œ๋…ธ์น˜ํ‹ฐํ‹€๋ž€์˜ ์ ๊ณผ ๋ฒŒ์ด๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์ „ํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
She must be kept happy or she will bring bad luck.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถˆ์šด์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
The midwife should participate in the festival today,
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์‚ฐํŒŒ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ถ•์ œ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:08
but one of her patients could go into labor any minute.
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์‚ฐ๋ชจ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ๊ณง ์ถœ์‚ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
Xoquauhtli decides to check on her patient first.
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์‡ผ์ฟผ์šฐํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
The expecting mother hasnโ€™t worked too hard, chewed gum,
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์‚ฐ๋ชจ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋กœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ๊ปŒ๋„ ์”น์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ,
01:18
or lifted heavy things.
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๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
Her family is taking good care of her.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์ž˜ ๋Œ๋ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:22
Surely Xoquauhtli can take a little time to honor her goddess.
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์ž ์‹œ ์—ฌ์‹ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฆฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
She leaves her apprentice in charge and heads to the center of the city.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ œ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์„ ๋งก๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋‚ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
Along the way, she sees women sweeping the roads and hanging gourds
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๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ถ•์ œ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ธธ์„ ์“ธ๊ณ 
01:34
in preparation for the festival.
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์กฐ๋กฑ๋ฐ•์„ ๊ฑธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋„ค์š”.
01:36
Finally, she reaches the Great Pyramid.
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๋“œ๋””์–ด ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
On top are two temples: the north,
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ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์›์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
๋ณต์ชฝ์€ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ ์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ณ 
01:42
where rituals honor the rain god in the summer,
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01:45
and the south one is where rituals honor the war god in the winter.
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๋‚จ์ชฝ์€ ๊ฒจ์šธ์— ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์‹ ์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
On the equinox, the sun rises between the two sides.
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์ถ˜๋ถ„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘์€ ๊ทธ ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋– ์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
The ceremony begins with a mock battle between the midwives
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์˜์‹์€ ์‚ฐํŒŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜
01:57
and the other physicians.
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๋ชจ์˜ ์ „ํˆฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Xoquauhtliโ€™s team battles heartily, throwing nochtles, marigolds,
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์‡ผ์ฟผ์šฐํ‹€๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŒ€์€ ์„ ์ธ์žฅ ๊ณผ์ผ, ๋งค๋ฆฌ๊ณจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ง€๊ณ 
02:03
and balls made of reed and moss.
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๊ฐˆ๋Œ€์™€ ์ด๋ผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ณต๋„ ๋˜์ง€๋ฉฐ ์—ด๋ค ์ „ํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
They joke, call their rivals names, and laugh.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋†๋‹ด๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ ๋†€๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์›ƒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
But then, a girl comes running with a message for Xoquauhtli.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์‡ผ์ฟผ์šฐํ‹€๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
Her patient is in labor!
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ†ต ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์†Œ์‹์ด์š”!
02:15
She hurries back to the house.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์„œ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ์˜ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
All the old women from the extended family
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋‚˜์ด ๋“  ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
02:19
have already gathered for the birthโ€”
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์ถœ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
their experience is very valuable if anything goes wrong.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ• ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:24
She readies herself with a prayer praising her most important tools, her fingers.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ธ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋„๋กœ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
Then she doses the patient with cihuapatli to help expel the baby,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์™€ํŒŒํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
massages her in the sweathouse, and rubs her stomach with tobacco.
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๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ˆ˜๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Offering Teteoinnan a short prayer,
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ํ…Œํ…Œ์˜ค์ด๋‚œ์—๊ฒŒ ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
02:42
she urges her patient to act like a warrior.
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์‚ฐ๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
A strong baby girl slips into her waiting hands
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์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์† ์œ„๋กœ ํž˜์ฐฌ ์—ฌ์ž ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ž
02:48
and the old women shout triumphant cries.
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๋…ธ๋ถ€์ธ๋“ค์€ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์™ธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
Xoquauhtli takes a few drops of water from a jade bowl, breaths on them,
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์‡ผ์ฟผ์šฐํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋– ์„œ ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ์ˆจ์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์€ ๋’ค
02:57
and places them on the babyโ€™s tiny tongue.
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์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ํ˜€์— ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
She calls her a precious greenstone, a little warrior,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ๋…น์˜ฅ, ์ž‘์€ ์—ฌ์ „์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ
03:03
and tells her how the Lord and Lady of the Ninth Sky
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•„ํ™‰ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•˜๋Š˜์˜ ์‹ ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์‹ ์ด
03:05
breathed life into her, sending her to this place of burden and torment.
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด ๋„ฃ์–ด ์ด ๊ณ ํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋‚œ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
She then turns to the new mother, praising her,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์€ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ
03:14
telling her she acted like an eagle warrior, a jaguar warrior.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๋…์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ ์ „์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์žฌ๊ทœ์–ด ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์นญ์ฐฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
By the time they finish, itโ€™s late, and the flames of the fire have died down.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋ฌด๋ ต, ๋ฐค์ด ๊นŠ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
Xoquauhtli piles the remaining hot coals in the center of the hearth,
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์‡ผ์ฟผ์šฐํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋กœ ์ค‘์•™์— ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์„ํƒ„์„ ์Œ“์•„
03:29
stoking them to keep them going.
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๋ถˆ๊ธธ์ด ๊ณ„์† ํƒ€์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
She lays the baby in a woven basket, head facing the warming fire.
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์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ตฌ๋‹ˆ์— ๋‰˜์–ด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๋ถˆ ์ชฝ์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
This will warm her tonalli, an important โ€œsoulโ€ center in the body
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๋ชธ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ธ ํ† ๋‚ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
central to health and well-being.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด์ฃ .
03:43
Itโ€™s almost midnightโ€” if Xoquauhtli hurries,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ž์ •์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‡ผ์ฟผ์šฐํ‹€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋‘๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ถ•์ œ์˜ ์ ˆ์ •์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์‚ฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
she can get back to the temple for the culmination of the festival.
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03:50
She makes her way to the city center, where a priest carries a woman on his back
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ์ด ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์—…๊ณ 
ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ–ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
to the top of the pyramid.
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03:56
To begin the new season and feed the gods, she will be beheaded,
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์ƒˆ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฐธ์ˆ˜๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
symbolizing how corn is cut in the fields.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐญ์—์„œ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
04:04
Afterward, she will be reborn as Lady Teteoinnan,
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๊ทธ ํ›„, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ…Œํ…Œ์˜ค์ด๋‚œ ์—ฌ์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
04:08
and preside over the induction of new warriors.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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