Should you switch to solar? - Shannon Odell

375,844 views ・ 2023-06-22

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Ivana Šimšić Lektor: Milenka Okuka
00:07
In the spring of 1954,
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U proleće 1945. godine,
00:09
the press excitedly gathered around Bell Laboratories’ latest invention—
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novinari su se sa uzbuđenjem okupili oko najnovijeg izuma Belovih laboratorija,
00:14
a silicon-based solar cell that could efficiently convert
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solarne ćelije na bazi silikona koje su mogle učinkovito da pretvaraju
00:18
the sun's energy into electrical current.
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sunčevu energiju u električnu struju.
00:22
The creation was celebrated as the dawn of a new era,
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Ovaj pronalazak slavio se kao početak jednog novog doba,
00:26
as reporters touted that civilization would soon
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dok su novinari naglašavali da će civilizaciju uskoro pokretati
00:29
run on the sun’s limitless energy.
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neograničena sunčeva energija.
00:32
But the dream had a catch, as this first commercially sold solar cell
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Ali ovaj san je imao jednu kvaku, jer je prva solarna ćelija koja je bila u prodaji
00:37
cost around $300 per watt,
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koštala oko 300 dolara po vatu, što je značilo da bi prema tadašnjoj stopi
00:40
meaning at its current rate,
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00:42
it would cost well over a million to buy a unit large enough
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bilo potrebno više od milion dolara kako bi se kupila dovoljno velika jedinica
00:47
to power a single home.
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za napajanje jednog domaćinstva.
00:49
But today in many countries
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Međutim, danas, u mnogim zemljama,
00:51
solar is the cheapest form of energy to produce,
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solarna energija je najjeftinija energija za proizvodnju,
00:54
surpassing fossil fuel alternatives like coal and natural gas.
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jeftinija i od zamena za fosilna goriva, kao što su ugalj i prirodni gas.
00:59
Millions of homes are equipped with rooftop solar,
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Milioni domaćinstava imaju solarne panele na krovovima,
01:02
with most units paying for themselves in their first 7 to 12 years
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gde većina jedinica otplaćuje samu sebe prvih sedam do 12 godina,
01:06
and then generating further savings.
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a kasnije stvara dodatnu uštedu.
01:09
So how did solar become so affordable?
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Kako je onda solarna energija postala tako pristupačna?
01:14
A turning point in solar’s price history occurred
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Do prekretnice u ceni solarne energije došlo je
01:17
on the floor of Germany’s parliament, where in 2000,
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u nemačkom parlamentu, kada je 2000. godine
01:21
Herman Scheer introduced the Renewable Energy Sources Act.
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Herman Šir predstavio Zakon o obnovljivim izvorima energije.
01:25
This legislation laid out a vision for the country’s energy future
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Ovim zakonom predstavljena je vizija budućnosti ove zemlje
01:29
in solar and wind.
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u energiji sunca i vetra.
01:31
It incentivized citizens to personally invest in rooftop solar panels
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Podstakao je građane da lično investiraju u krovne solarne panele
01:36
by guaranteeing payment to homeowners for the renewable energy they generated
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tako što je vlasnicima domaćinstava garantovao isplatu za obnovljivu energiju
koju su stvorili i prodali elektromreži.
01:40
and sold to the grid.
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01:42
The pay rate for this electricity was highly subsidized,
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Stopa plaćanja ove struje bila je visoko subvencionisana,
01:45
at times reaching four times the market price.
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i u nekim trenucima je bila četiri puta viša od tržišne cene.
01:49
Several other countries soon followed Germany’s example,
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Nekoliko drugih zemalja sledilo je primer Nemačke,
01:52
implementing similar policies and incentives
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sproveli su slične politike i uveli podsticaje
01:55
to drive their country’s solar use.
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kako bi pospešili korišćenje solarne energije u svojim zemljama.
01:58
This created unprecedented demand for solar panels worldwide.
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Ovo je dovelo do nezapamćene potražnje za solarnim panelima širom sveta.
02:03
Manufacturers were able to scale up production
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Proizvođači su uspeli da povećaju proizvodnju
02:05
and innovate in ways that cut costs.
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i uvedu novine koje bi smanjile troškove.
02:07
As a result, solar panel prices dropped, while efficiency grew.
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Kao rezultat toga, cene solarnih panela su se smanjile dok je efikasnost rasla.
02:13
Today, a 46-square-meter rooftop solar unit is often efficient enough
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Danas, jedna krovna solarna jedinica površine 46 m² je često dovoljna
02:17
to fully power a home,
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da u potpunosti napaja jedno domaćinstvo,
02:19
and this residential unit no longer costs millions—
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i ova stambena jedinica više ne košta milione—
02:23
in the US in 2022, the average consumer cost of a rooftop solar unit
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u SAD-u, 2022. godine, prosečna potrošačka cena krovne solarne jedinice
02:28
ranged from around $17,000 to $23,000.
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iznosila je oko 17 000 do 23 000 dolara.
02:33
These prices dropped by over 60% between 2010 and 2020 alone.
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Ove cene su pale i preko 60% samo između 2010. i 2020. godine.
02:40
So how much money can you save by switching to solar?
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Dakle, koliko novca možete uštedeti prelaskom na solarnu energiju?
02:45
US solar equipped homeowners can save around $1,500 per year
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Vlasnici domaćinstava u SAD-u uštede oko 1500 dolara godišnje
02:51
on their energy bills,
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na račune za struju,
02:52
equating to a net savings of $10,000 to $30,000 during the unit’s lifetime.
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to je jednako neto uštedi 10 000 do 30 000 dolara tokom veka trajanja jedinice.
02:59
Month-to-month savings tend to vary,
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Međumesečne uštede uglavnom variraju
03:02
based on the amount of direct sunlight your panel receives,
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u odnosu na količinu direktne sunčeve svetlosti koju panel primi,
03:05
weather conditions, and the price of electricity where you live.
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vremenske prilike, kao i cenu električne energije u mestu stanovanja.
Međutim, ne može svako da pređe na solarnu energiju.
03:09
But not everyone can get solar.
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03:11
Adopting solar can be difficult for renters, and in many countries,
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Prebacivanje na solarnu energije može biti teško za podstanare, a u mnogim zemljama
03:15
more than 25% of adults don’t own their own homes.
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više od 25% odraslih ne poseduje svoj dom.
03:19
Even if you do, your roof must meet certain orientation and tilt requirements
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A čak i ako posedujete, vaš krov mora da ispunjava određene kriterijume
za orijentaciju i nagib krova kako bi se investiranje u solarnu energiju isplatilo.
03:23
to make solar a worthwhile investment.
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03:27
And while units often pay for themselves through offset energy costs,
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I iako se jedinice uglavnom isplate kroz smanjenje kasnijih energetskih troškova,
prvobitna cena za kupovinu i instalaciju solarnih panela može biti visoka.
03:31
the initial purchase and installation price for solar can be expensive.
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03:35
But several companies have adopted solar leasing models,
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Međutim, nekoliko preduzeća je usvojilo modele solarnog lizinga,
03:38
where they finance the material costs,
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gde oni finansiraju troškove materijala,
03:40
installation, and upkeep of the rooftop systems.
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instalacije i održavanja krovnih sistema.
03:45
Homeowners can then buy the panel’s generated electricity
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Vlasnici domaćinstava potom tu električnu energiju kupuju
03:48
at a fixed rate that’s generally lower than the local utility’s price.
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po fiksnim cenama koje su uglavnom niže nego kod lokalnog komunalnog preduzeća.
03:53
Still, many are working towards community-based solutions,
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Ipak, mnogi rade na tome da nađu rešenje za celu zajednicu,
03:57
which would enable entire neighborhoods to profit from solar use.
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što bi omogućilo da čitavo susedstvo profitira od solarne energije.
04:01
Europe is home to more than 7,000 community energy associations,
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U Evropi se nalazi više od 7000 komšijskih udruženja za obnovljive izvore energije,
04:06
where local members collectively invest in wind turbines and solar panels
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u kojima lokalni članovi zajedno ulažu u vetrogeneratore i solarne panele
04:10
to power their local grid.
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za napajanje elektromreže.
04:12
In 2005, the German town of Wolfhagen created an 800 member citizens co-op,
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Godine 2005, u nemačkom gradu Volfhagenu, stvorena je zadruga od 800 članova,
04:19
which communally invested $2.84 million
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koji su zajedno investirali 2,84 miliona dolara
04:23
to buy up 25% of the local energy company
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kako bi otkupili 25% lokalnog energetskog preduzeća
04:26
and expand its renewables program.
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i proširili njegov program obnovljivih izvora energije.
04:29
Today, its turbines and panels generate enough energy
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Danas, te vetroturbine i paneli stvaraju dovoljno energije
04:32
to meet the town’s needs and then some.
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za potrebe celog grada, a i više od toga.
04:35
Surplus energy is sold to neighboring towns,
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Višak energije prodaje se susednim gradovima,
04:38
and profits are reinvested back into the community.
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a dobit se ponovo investira u zajednicu.
04:42
For many, the appeal of solar goes beyond just savings.
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Za mnoge, solarna energija ne znači samo uštedu.
Domaćinstva koja se napajaju preko nje otpornija su na klimatske uslove
04:47
Homes equipped with it are more climate resilient,
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04:49
because they can be protected from utility grid outages and brownouts.
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jer se mogu zaštititi od prekida na elektromreži i pada napona.
04:53
Not to mention solar’s key role in decarbonizing the energy grid.
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A da ne pominjemo ključnu ulogu solarne energije u dekarbonizaciji elektromreže.
04:58
By working together with larger-scale wind and solar farms,
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Zajedno sa vetroparkovima i solarnim elektranama većeg obima,
05:02
rooftop solar units help reduce our reliance on fossil fuels,
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krovne solarne jedinice pomažu nam da se manje oslanjamo na fosilna goriva
05:06
paving the way for a cleaner and more reliable energy future.
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i utiru put ka čistijoj i pouzdanijoj energetskoj budućnosti.
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