What is chemical equilibrium? - George Zaidan and Charles Morton

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Dejan Vicai

Say two people are walking down the street,

Recimo da dvoje ljudi hoda ulicom

and they bump into each other.

i da se sudare.

They'll just shake it off and walk on.

Samo će ignorisati to i nastaviti da hodaju.

Sometimes that happens with molecules too.

Ponekad se to desi i sa molekulima.

They just bounce off each other, and that's that.

Samo se odbiju jedan o drugi i to je to.

But what if two people were to bump into each other,

Ali šta kada bi se dvoje ljudi sudarilo

and during that collision,

i tokom tog sudaranja,

one person's arm got severed

ruka jedne osobe se otkači

and reattached to the other person's face?

i prilepi za lice druge osobe?

Now that sounds really weird,

To zvuči zaista čudno,

but it's similar to one of the many ways

ali slično je jednom od mnogih načina

that molecules can react with each other.

na koji molekuli mogu međusobno da reaguju.

Two molecules can join and become one.

Dva molekula mogu da se udruže u jedan.

One can split apart and become two.

Jedan može da se podeli na dva.

Molecules can switch parts.

Molekuli mogu da menjaju delove.

All these changes are chemical reactions,

Sve ove promene su hemijske reakcije

and we can see them happening around us.

i možemo da vidimo kako se događaju oko nas.

For example, when fireworks explode,

Na primer, kada eksplodira vatromet,

or iron rusts,

ili gvožđe rđa

or milk goes bad,

ili se pokvari mleko

or people are born,

ili se rađaju ljudi,

grow old,

stare,

die,

and then decompose.

umiru

i onda se raspadaju.

But chemical reactions don't just happen willy nilly!

Ali hemijske reakcije se ne događaju samo tako!

Everything has to be right.

Sve mora da bude kako treba.

First, the molecules have to hit each other

Prvo molekuli moraju da se udare

in the right orientation.

u dobrom pravcu.

And second, they have to hit each other hard enough,

Drugo, moraju da udare jedan drugog dovoljno jako,

in other words, with enough energy.

drugim rečima, sa dovoljno energije.

Now you're probably thinking

Sada verovatno mislite

that a reaction just happens in one direction and that's it.

da se reakcija dešava samo u jednom pravcu i to je to.

Sometimes that's true.

To je ponekad istina.

For example, things can't unburn

Na primer, stvari ne mogu da se vrate kad izgore

or unexplode.

ili eksplodiraju.

But most reactions can happen in both directions,

Ali većina reakcija može da se desi u oba pravca,

forward and reverse.

napred i nazad.

There's no reason that our face-arm guy

Nema razloga zašto naš čovek sa rukom na licu

can't bump into armless girl,

ne bi mogao da naleti na devojku bez ruke

reattaching that arm back to its original socket.

i vrati ruku na svoje prvobitno mesto.

Now let's zoom out a bit.

Hajde da se malo udaljimo.

Now let's say that you've got

Recimo da imate

a thousand people on the street,

hiljadu ljudi na ulici

and all of them start with their limbs

i svi otpočnu sa udovima

normally attached.

koji su normalno postavljeni.

At the beginning, every collision is a chance

Na početku, svaki sudar je prilika

for Person A to transfer an arm to Person B's face.

da osoba A prenese ruku na lice osobe B.

And so at the beginning,

Tako na početku

more and more people end up

sve više i više ljudi završi

with arms attached to their faces or arms missing.

sa rukama na licu ili bez ruku.

But as the number of people with arm-faces

Ali kako raste broj ljudi sa rukama na licu

and missing arms grows,

i bez ruku,

collisions between those people become more likely.

sudari između tih ljudi postaju sve verovatniji.

And when they bump into each other,

I kada se oni sudare,

guess what?

pogodite šta se dešava?

Normal-appendage people are reproduced.

Množe se ljudi sa normalnim udovima.

Now the number of limb transfers per second forward

Broj transfera udova po sekundi unapred

will start high and then fall,

će početi visoko i pasti,

and the number of limb transfers per second backward

a broj transfera udova po sekundi unazad

will start at zero and then rise.

će početi sa nulom i rasti.

Eventually they'll meet,

U jednom trenutku će se sastati,

they'll be the same.

biće isti.

And when that happens,

I kada se to desi,

the number of people in each state stops changing,

prestaje da se menja broj ljudi u svakom stanju,

even though people are still bumping into each other

iako se ljudi još uvek sudaraju

and exchanging limbs.

i razmenjuju udove.

Now how many people do you think

Šta mislite koliko je ljudi

there are in each state?

u svakom stanju?

Half and half, right?

Pola-pola, zar ne?

No, well, maybe.

Ne, pa, možda.

It depends.

Zavisi.

It could be 50/50,

Moglo bi biti 50/50,

but it could be 60/40

ali bi moglo biti 60/40

or 15/85,

ili 15/85

or anything.

ili šta god.

We chemists have to get our little, gloved hands dirty

Mi hemičari moramo da isprljamo svoje ruke u rukavicama -

- ah, well, we're in a lab so not really dirty -

ipak smo u laboratoriji tako da se neće previše isprljati -

to figure out what the actual distribution

kako bi otkrili koja je zapravo raspodela

of molecules is.

molekula.

Even though each of limb transfers

Iako je svaki od transfera udova

is a pretty dramatic event for the people involved,

prilično dramatičan događaj za ljude koji učestvuju u tome,

if we zoom out,

ako se udaljimo,

we see population numbers that don't change.

vidimo broj populacije koji ne raste.

We call this nirvana equilibrium,

Ovo zovemo ravnotežom nirvane

and it doesn't just happen with chemical reactions.

i ne dešava se samo sa hemijskim reakcijama.

Things like gene pools

Stvari poput genetskog koda

and highway traffic show the same pattern.

i saobraćaja na autoputu imaju isti šablon.

It looks pretty still from 30,000 feet,

Sve izgleda prilično mirno sa 9000 metara

but there is lots of crazy stuff

ali dosta toga ludog

happening on the ground,

se dešava na zemlji,

you just need to zoom in to see it.

samo morate da se približite da biste to videli.