Can you find the next number in this sequence? - Alex Gendler

Da li možete naći sledeći broj u ovom nizu? - Aleks Džendler (Alex Gendler)

558,672 views

2017-07-20 ・ TED-Ed


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Can you find the next number in this sequence? - Alex Gendler

Da li možete naći sledeći broj u ovom nizu? - Aleks Džendler (Alex Gendler)

558,672 views ・ 2017-07-20

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Mirjana Čutura Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović
00:07
These are the first five elements of a number sequence.
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Ovo su prvih pet elemenata u brojnom nizu.
00:11
Can you figure out what comes next?
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Da li možete da odgonetnete koji je sledeći?
00:13
Pause here if you want to figure it out for yourself.
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13031
1925
[Pauzirajte da sami odgonetnete]
00:14
Answer in: 3
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14956
1074
[Odgovor za: 3]
[Odgovor za: 2]
00:16
Answer in: 2
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16030
788
00:16
Answer in: 1
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16818
913
[Odgovor za: 1]
00:17
There is a pattern here,
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Ovde postoji obrazac,
ali možda nije ona vrsta obrasca koju očekujete.
00:19
but it may not be the kind of pattern you think it is.
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00:22
Look at the sequence again and try reading it aloud.
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Pogledajte niz opet i pokušajte da ga izgovorite naglas.
00:26
Now, look at the next number in the sequence.
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Pogledajte sledeći broj u nizu -
00:29
3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1.
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29251
2631
312211.
00:31
Pause again if you'd like to think about it some more.
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Pauzirajte opet ako biste želeli da još malo razmislite o tome.
00:37
Answer in: 3
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37432
961
[Odgovor za: 3]
00:38
Answer in: 2
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38393
899
[Odgovor za: 2]
00:39
Answer in: 1
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39292
1159
[Odgovor za: 1]
00:40
This is what's known as a look and say sequence.
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Ovo je takozvani niz „pogledaj i izgovori“.
00:43
Unlike many number sequences,
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Za razliku od mnogih brojnih nizova,
00:45
this relies not on some mathematical property of the numbers themselves,
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ovaj se ne zasniva na nekom matematičkom svojstvu samih brojeva,
00:49
but on their notation.
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već na njihovom zapisu.
00:51
Start with the left-most digit of the initial number.
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Počnite sa krajnje levom cifrom početnog broja.
00:54
Now, read out how many times it repeats in succession
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Onda izgovorite koliko puta se zaredom ponavlja
00:58
followed by the name of the digit itself.
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i nakon toga izgovorite sam taj broj.
01:01
Then move on to the next distinct digit and repeat until you reach the end.
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Onda pređite na sledeću jedinstvenu cifru i ponovite postupak do kraja.
01:06
So the number 1 is read as "one one"
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Broj 1 se čita kao „jedna jedinica“,
što se piše na isti način kao broj 11.
01:10
written down the same way we write eleven.
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01:13
Of course, as part of this sequence, it's not actually the number eleven,
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Naravno, kao deo ovog niza, to nije zapravo broj 11
01:17
but 2 ones,
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već dve jedinice,
što onda zapisujemo kao 21.
01:19
which we then write as 2 1.
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01:21
That number is then read out as 1 2 1 1,
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Taj broj se onda izgovara kao „jedna dvojka, jedna jedinica“,
01:25
which written out we'd read as one one, one two, two ones, and so on.
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koji ćemo tako zapisan izgovoriti
kao „jedna jedinica, jedna dvojka, dve jedinice“ i tako dalje.
01:31
These kinds of sequences were first analyzed by mathematician John Conway,
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Ove vrste nizova je prvi analizirao matematičar Džon Konvej
01:37
who noted they have some interesting properties.
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koji je primetio da imaju neke zanimljive osobine.
01:40
For instance, starting with the number 22, yields an infinite loop of two twos.
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Na primer, ako počnemo sa brojem 22, stvara se beskonačan niz dve dvojke.
01:46
But when seeded with any other number,
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Međutim, ako počnemo sa bilo kojim drugim brojem,
01:48
the sequence grows in some very specific ways.
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niz raste na neke veoma posebne načine.
01:51
Notice that although the number of digits keeps increasing,
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Primetite da, iako se broj cifara povećava,
01:54
the increase doesn't seem to be either linear or random.
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povećanje ne izgleda ni linearno ni nasumično.
01:58
In fact, if you extend the sequence infinitely, a pattern emerges.
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U stvari, ako beskonačno produžite niz, pojavljuje se obrazac.
Odnos između broja cifara u dva uzastopna člana
02:04
The ratio between the amount of digits in two consecutive terms
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02:07
gradually converges to a single number known as Conway's Constant.
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se postepeno spaja u jedan jedini broj poznat kao Konvejeva konstanta.
Ona iznosi nešto malo više od 1,3,
02:13
This is equal to a little over 1.3,
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02:16
meaning that the amount of digits increases by about 30%
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što znači da se broj cifara povećava za oko 30%
02:19
with every step in the sequence.
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sa svakim korakom u nizu.
02:22
What about the numbers themselves?
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A šta je sa samim brojevima?
02:25
That gets even more interesting.
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To postaje još zanimljivije.
02:27
Except for the repeating sequence of 22,
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Osim niza sa brojem 22 koji se ponavlja,
02:30
every possible sequence eventually breaks down into distinct strings of digits.
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svaki mogući niz se na kraju svede na određeni niz cifara.
Bez obzira u kom redosledu se ovi nizovi pojave,
02:36
No matter what order these strings show up in,
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02:38
each appears unbroken in its entirety every time it occurs.
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svaki se javlja u neprekidnoj celini svaki put kada se pojavi.
02:43
Conway identified 92 of these elements,
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Konvej je identifikovao 92 ovakva elementa -
02:46
all composed only of digits 1, 2, and 3,
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koji se svi sastoje jedino od cifara 1, 2 i 3
02:50
as well as two additional elements
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kao i od dva dodatna elementa
02:52
whose variations can end with any digit of 4 or greater.
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čije varijacije se mogu završiti cifrom 4 ili većom cifrom.
02:56
No matter what number the sequence is seeded with,
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Bez obzira sa kojim brojem niz počinje,
02:59
eventually, it'll just consist of these combinations,
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na kraju, niz će sadržati samo ove kombinacije,
03:02
with digits 4 or higher only appearing at the end of the two extra elements,
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a cifra 4 ili viša cifra će se pojaviti samo na kraju ova dva dodatna elementa,
03:08
if at all.
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ako se uopšte pojave.
03:10
Beyond being a neat puzzle,
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Osim što je zgodna zagonetka,
03:12
the look and say sequence has some practical applications.
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niz „pogledaj i izgovori“ ima neke praktične primene.
03:16
For example, run-length encoding,
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Na primer, šifrovanje dugih nizova,
03:18
a data compression that was once used for television signals and digital graphics,
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kompresija podataka nekada korišćena za TV signal i digitalnu grafiku,
se zasniva na sličnoj ideji.
03:23
is based on a similar concept.
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03:25
The amount of times a data value repeats within the code
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Broj puta ponavljanja vrednosti podatka u okviru koda
03:28
is recorded as a data value itself.
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se beleži kao vrednost samih podataka.
03:31
Sequences like this are a good example of how numbers and other symbols
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Ovakvi nizovi su dobar primer kako brojevi i drugi simboli
mogu da prenesu značenje na višestrukim nivoima.
03:36
can convey meaning on multiple levels.
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