Can you find the next number in this sequence? - Alex Gendler

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2017-07-20 ・ TED-Ed


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Can you find the next number in this sequence? - Alex Gendler

558,690 views ・ 2017-07-20

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hyunsu Chae κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
These are the first five elements of a number sequence.
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이 μˆ«μžλ“€μ€ μ–΄λ–€ μˆ˜μ—΄μ˜ 첫 λ‹€μ„― μˆ«μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:11
Can you figure out what comes next?
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이 λ‹€μŒμ— 무엇이 μ˜¬μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
00:13
Pause here if you want to figure it out for yourself.
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슀슀둜 닡을 μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ©ˆμΆ”μ„Έμš”.
00:14
Answer in: 3
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μ •λ‹΅ 3초 μ „
00:16
Answer in: 2
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00:16
Answer in: 1
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μ •λ‹΅ 2초 μ „
μ •λ‹΅ 1초 μ „
00:17
There is a pattern here,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ κ·œμΉ™μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
but it may not be the kind of pattern you think it is.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 그런 κ·œμΉ™μ΄ 아닐 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
Look at the sequence again and try reading it aloud.
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이 μˆ˜μ—΄μ„ λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 보고, μ†Œλ¦¬ λ‚΄μ–΄ μ½μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:26
Now, look at the next number in the sequence.
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이제 이 μˆ˜μ—΄μ˜ λ‹€μŒ 숫자λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:29
3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1.
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3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1.
00:31
Pause again if you'd like to think about it some more.
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더 생각해보고 μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ λ©ˆμΆ°λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:37
Answer in: 3
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μ •λ‹΅ 3초 μ „
00:38
Answer in: 2
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μ •λ‹΅ 2초 μ „
00:39
Answer in: 1
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μ •λ‹΅ 1초 μ „
00:40
This is what's known as a look and say sequence.
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이 것은 λ°”λ‘œ 개미 μˆ˜μ—΄ (look and say sequence)μ΄λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
Unlike many number sequences,
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이 μˆ˜μ—΄μ€, λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ μˆ˜μ—΄κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ
00:45
this relies not on some mathematical property of the numbers themselves,
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숫자 자체의 μˆ˜ν•™μ  속성에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
00:49
but on their notation.
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숫자의 ν‘œκΈ°λ²•μ— μ˜μ‘΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
Start with the left-most digit of the initial number.
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숫자의 κ°€μž₯ μ™Όμͺ½ μˆ«μžλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
00:54
Now, read out how many times it repeats in succession
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이제, μˆ«μžκ°€ μ—°μ†ν•΄μ„œ λͺ‡ λ²ˆμ΄λ‚˜ λ°˜λ³΅λ˜λŠ”μ§€μ™€
00:58
followed by the name of the digit itself.
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κ·Έ 숫자 자체λ₯Ό μ½μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
01:01
Then move on to the next distinct digit and repeat until you reach the end.
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그리고 λ‹€μŒ 숫자둜 μ΄λ™ν•˜μ—¬ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 숫자둜 갈 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ 이걸 λ°˜λ³΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
01:06
So the number 1 is read as "one one"
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숫자 1은 "ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 1" 둜 μ½νž™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 11(μ‹­ 일)을 쓰듯이 μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
written down the same way we write eleven.
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01:13
Of course, as part of this sequence, it's not actually the number eleven,
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λ¬Όλ‘ , 이 μˆ˜μ—΄μ˜ μΌλΆ€λ‘œμ„œλŠ”
μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” 숫자 11이 μ•„λ‹Œ "λ‘κ°œμ˜ 1"이 되며,
01:17
but 2 ones,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 것을 "2 1"둜 μ“°κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
which we then write as 2 1.
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01:21
That number is then read out as 1 2 1 1,
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이 μˆ«μžλŠ” λ‚˜μ€‘μ— "ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 2, ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 1"둜 μ½ν˜€μ§€κ³ ,
01:25
which written out we'd read as one one, one two, two ones, and so on.
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ 이것을 "ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 1, ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 2, λ‘κ°œμ˜ 1"둜 읽을 것이며, 이 과정은 κ³„μ†λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
These kinds of sequences were first analyzed by mathematician John Conway,
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이 μˆ˜μ—΄μ€ μˆ˜ν•™μž μ‘΄ μ½˜μ›¨μ΄κ°€ 처음으둜 λΆ„μ„ν–ˆμœΌλ©°,
01:37
who noted they have some interesting properties.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 이 μˆ˜μ—΄μ΄ ν₯미둜운 νŠΉμ„±μ„ 가지고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
For instance, starting with the number 22, yields an infinite loop of two twos.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 이 μˆ˜μ—΄μ„ 숫자 22둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 두 개의 2의 λ¬΄ν•œ 루프가 μƒμ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
But when seeded with any other number,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–΄λ–€ 두 개의 숫자둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
01:48
the sequence grows in some very specific ways.
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κ·Έ μˆ˜μ—΄μ€ 맀우 νŠΉμ •ν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
Notice that although the number of digits keeps increasing,
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숫자의 μžλ¦Ώμˆ˜κ°€ 계속 μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:54
the increase doesn't seem to be either linear or random.
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이 μ¦κ°€λŠ” μ„ ν˜•μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ λ¬΄μž‘μœ„μ μ΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
In fact, if you extend the sequence infinitely, a pattern emerges.
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사싀 이 μˆ˜μ—΄μ„ λ¬΄ν•œλŒ€λ‘œ λ°˜λ³΅ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 일정 νŒ¨ν„΄μ΄ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
두 개의 연속적인 μˆ«μžμ—μ„œ 자릿수의 λΉ„μœ¨μ€
02:04
The ratio between the amount of digits in two consecutive terms
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02:07
gradually converges to a single number known as Conway's Constant.
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점차적으둜 'μ½˜μ›¨μ΄ μƒμˆ˜'λΌλŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 숫자둜 μˆ˜λ ΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 값은 1.3 보닀 μ•½κ°„ 크며,
02:13
This is equal to a little over 1.3,
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02:16
meaning that the amount of digits increases by about 30%
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즉, 이 μˆ˜μ—΄μ˜ μžλ¦Ώμˆ˜λŠ”
각각의 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ μ•½ 30% 증가 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λœ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
with every step in the sequence.
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02:22
What about the numbers themselves?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 숫자 μžμ²΄λŠ” μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
02:25
That gets even more interesting.
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이것은 더 ν₯λ―Έλ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
Except for the repeating sequence of 22,
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λ°˜λ³΅λ˜λŠ” 숫자 22의 μˆ˜μ—΄μ„ μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³ λŠ”
02:30
every possible sequence eventually breaks down into distinct strings of digits.
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λͺ¨λ“  κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μˆ˜μ—΄μ€ κ²°κ΅­ νŠΉμ • ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μˆ«μžμ—΄λ‘œ 뢄해될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μˆ«μžμ—΄μ΄ μ–΄λ–€ μˆœμ„œλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λ“  상관없이,
02:36
No matter what order these strings show up in,
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02:38
each appears unbroken in its entirety every time it occurs.
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각각의 μˆ«μžμ—΄μ€ λ°œμƒν•  λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ λ‚˜λ‰˜μ–΄μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
Conway identified 92 of these elements,
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μ½˜μ›¨μ΄λŠ” 92개의 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μˆ«μžμ—΄μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ˜€κ³ ,
02:46
all composed only of digits 1, 2, and 3,
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λͺ¨λ‘ 1, 2 와 3 만으둜 이루어져 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
as well as two additional elements
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κ·Έ 이 μ™Έμ˜ μˆ«μžμ—΄μ€ 두 κ°œκ°€ 있으며,
02:52
whose variations can end with any digit of 4 or greater.
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이 μˆ«μžμ—΄μ€ 4 λ˜λŠ” κ·Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ μž„μ˜μ˜ 숫자둜 끝날 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
No matter what number the sequence is seeded with,
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μˆ˜μ—΄μ΄ μ–΄λ– ν•œ 숫자둜 μ‹œμž‘λ˜λŠ”μ§€μ— 상관없이,
02:59
eventually, it'll just consist of these combinations,
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이 μˆ˜μ—΄μ€ κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” 이 μˆ«μžμ—΄λ“€μ˜ μ‘°ν•©μœΌλ‘œλ§Œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜λ©°,
03:02
with digits 4 or higher only appearing at the end of the two extra elements,
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4 λ˜λŠ” κ·Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ μˆ«μžλŠ” λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 두 개의 μˆ«μžμ—΄μ˜ λμ—μ„œλ§Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
if at all.
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λ§Œμ•½ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œλ‹€λ©΄ 말이죠.
03:10
Beyond being a neat puzzle,
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이 κ°œλ―Έμˆ˜μ—΄μ€ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ κΉ”λ”ν•œ 퍼즐을 λ„˜μ–΄, λͺ‡ 가지 μ‹€μš©μ μΈ 면이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
the look and say sequence has some practical applications.
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03:16
For example, run-length encoding,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, '런 렝슀 λΆ€ν˜Έν™”',
03:18
a data compression that was once used for television signals and digital graphics,
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즉, TV μ‹ ν˜Έμ™€ 디지털 κ·Έλž˜ν”½μ— 썼던 데이터 μ••μΆ• 방식은
03:23
is based on a similar concept.
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κ°œλ―Έμˆ˜μ—΄κ³Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ κ°œλ…μ„ 기반으둜 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
The amount of times a data value repeats within the code
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데이터 값이 μ½”λ“œ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ λ°˜λ³΅λ˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ˜ 양은
03:28
is recorded as a data value itself.
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데이터 κ°’ 자체둜 κΈ°λ‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
Sequences like this are a good example of how numbers and other symbols
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이와 같은 μˆ˜μ—΄μ€ 쒋은 예 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ
μˆ«μžμ™€ κΈ°ν˜Έκ°€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 의미λ₯Ό 전달할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
can convey meaning on multiple levels.
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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