The myth of Hades and Persephone - Iseult Gillespie

3,409,323 views ・ 2022-04-14

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: SOHYE PARK κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:06
Every year before the ancient Greeks sowed their seeds of grain,
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κ³ λŒ€ 그리슀 인듀은 λ§€λ…„ κ³‘μ‹μ˜ 씨앗을 뿌리기 전에
00:11
they celebrated Demeter, the goddess of agriculture.
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λ†μ—…μ˜ μ—¬μ‹  λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄λ₯Ό κΈ°λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
On Earth, each morsel of food was sweet sustenance,
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μ§€μƒμ—μ„œ λ‹¬μ½€ν•œ μ–‘μ‹μ΄μ—ˆλ˜ μŒμ‹ ν•œ μž…μ΄,
00:20
while in the land of the dead, it ensured a permanent stay.
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죽음의 λ•…μ—μ„œλŠ” 그곳을 μ˜μ›νžˆ λ²—μ–΄λ‚  수 μ—†λŠ” 쑱쇄가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
Demeter tended to Earth’s fields with her beloved daughter, Persephone,
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λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄λŠ” μ‚¬λž‘μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ λ”Έ 페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ λŒ€μ§€μ˜ λ“€νŒμ„ λŒλ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
who inherited her mother’s passions and grew into a bright young woman.
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μ—„λ§ˆμ˜ 열정을 물렀받은 페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€λŠ” 밝고 μ Šμ€ μ—¬μ„±μœΌλ‘œ μžλΌλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
But all the while, a shadowy figure watched from below.
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그런데 κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ, μ–΄λ‘ μ˜ κ·Έλ¦Όμžκ°€ μ•„λž˜μ—μ„œ μ§€μΌœλ³΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
One day, Persephone was frolicking in a meadow
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μ–΄λŠ λ‚ , 페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€λŠ” μ΄ˆμ›μ—μ„œ
00:43
with a freshwater nymph, Cyane.
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물의 μš”μ • 킀아넀와 즐겁게 뛰어놀고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
As they admired a blooming narcissus flower,
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ν™œμ§ ν•€ μˆ˜μ„ ν™”λ₯Ό κ°μƒν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°,
00:49
they noticed it tremble in the ground.
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땅이 ν”λ“€λ¦¬λŠ” 것을 λŠκΌˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
Suddenly, the earth split, and a terrifying figure arose.
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κ°‘μžκΈ° 땅이 κ°ˆλΌμ§€κ³  λ”μ°ν•œ ν˜•μƒμ΄ μ˜¬λΌμ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
It was Hades, god of the dead and the underworld.
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죽음과 μ§€ν•˜ 세계λ₯Ό κ΄€μž₯ν•˜λŠ” μ‹  ν•˜λ°μŠ€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
He wrenched Persephone from Cyane, dragged her into his inky chariot,
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κ·ΈλŠ” ν‚€μ•„λ„€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€λ₯Ό λ–Όμ–΄λ‚΄μ–΄
μžμ‹ μ˜ μƒˆμΉ΄λ§Œ 마차둜 끌고 κ°€μ„œλŠ”,
01:06
and blasted back through the earth.
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땅을 뚫고 λ˜λŒμ•„κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
Cyane wept so hard she dissolved, becoming one with the river.
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κ΅¬μŠ¬ν”„κ²Œ 울던 ν‚€μ•„λ„€λŠ” λ…Ήμ•„μ„œ κ°•κ³Ό ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ 되고 λ§μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
By the time Demeter arrived at the scene of the abduction,
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λ‚©μΉ˜μ˜ ν˜„μž₯에 λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄κ°€ λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
01:18
the crater in the meadow had closedβ€” and Cyane and Persephone had vanished.
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μ΄ˆμ›μ˜ λΆ„ν™”κ΅¬λŠ” λ‹«ν˜€ μžˆμ—ˆκ³ , 킀아넀와 페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€λŠ” μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
Demeter sped to Mount Olympus for help.
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λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄λŠ” 도움을 μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ˜¬λ¦Όν‘ΈμŠ€ μ‚°μœΌλ‘œ κΈ‰νžˆ λ‹¬λ €κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
Many of the gods had witnessed the scene.
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λ§Žμ€ 신듀이 κ·Έ 광경을 λͺ©κ²©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
And they knew about the deal that paved the way for it:
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그듀은 κ·Έ λ’·κ±°λž˜λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
Zeus, Persephone’s father, had granted Hades her hand in marriage
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페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€μ˜ 아버지 μ œμš°μŠ€κ°€ ν•˜λ°μŠ€μ™€ λ”Έμ˜ κ²°ν˜Όμ„ μŠΉλ‚™ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
01:40
without her consentβ€” or Demeter’s.
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λ”ΈλΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄μ˜ λ™μ˜λ„ κ΅¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
But when faced with Demeter’s pleas, the other gods stayed silent,
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λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄μ˜ 애원에도 λ‹€λ₯Έ 신듀이 μž…μ„ μ—΄μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—.
01:49
So, she searched alone.
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여신은 ν™€λ‘œ μ°Ύμ•„ λ‚˜μ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
In her grief and desperation, she neglected her usual tasks.
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μŠ¬ν””κ³Ό μ ˆλ§μ— λΉ μ§„ 여신은 본래의 일을 μ†Œν™€νžˆ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
Crops withered, and a great famine plagued the Earth.
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λ†μž‘λ¬Όμ€ μ‹œλ“€μ—ˆκ³ , λŒ€μ§€μ—λŠ” λŒ€ν‰μž‘μ΄ λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
As mortals began to perish, the gods grew wary.
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인간듀이 μ£½κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μž, 신듀은 걱정을 ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
Who would worship them and offer tributes if the humans disappeared?
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λ§Œμ•½ 인간이 사라진닀면 λˆ„κ°€ 신듀을 μˆ­λ°°ν•˜κ³  쑰곡을 λ°”μΉ κΉŒμš”?
02:09
So, Zeus ordered Demeter to stop her crusade and returned to her duties.
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μ œμš°μŠ€λŠ” λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄μ—κ²Œ νŒŒμ—…μ„ μ€‘λ‹¨ν•˜κ³ 
μ—…λ¬΄λ‘œ λ³΅κ·€ν•˜λΌκ³  λͺ…λ Ήν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ, λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄λŠ” κ±°μ ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
But she refused.
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02:17
Deep below, across the frigid river Styx, and through the halls of the underworld,
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μ§€ν•˜ κΉŠμ€ κ³³, μ°¨κ°€μš΄ μŠ€ν‹±μŠ€ κ°• λ„ˆλ¨Έ μ§€ν•˜ 세계 μ „λ‹Ήμ—μ„œ,
02:23
Persephone was waging her own protest.
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페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€λŠ” νˆ¬μŸμ„ 벌이고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
Hades expected her to serve as his wife and queen.
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ν•˜λ°μŠ€λŠ” 페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€κ°€ 자기 μ•„λ‚΄μ΄μž 여왕이 되기λ₯Ό λ°”λžμ§€λ§Œ,
02:31
But Persephone rebuffed the god’s advances and refused food.
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페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€λŠ” ν•˜λ°μŠ€μ˜ μ œμ•ˆμ„ κ±°μ ˆν•˜κ³  μŒμ‹λ„ κ±°λΆ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
As she longed for her mother’s company,
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μ—„λ§ˆμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 있던 μ‹œκ°„,
02:39
her friends’ laughter, and the sun’s warmth,
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μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ˜ μ›ƒμŒμ†Œλ¦¬, νƒœμ–‘μ˜ 온기λ₯Ό κ·Έλ¦¬μ›Œν• μˆ˜λ‘
02:42
Persephone grew colder and lonelier.
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페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€λŠ” 점점 μ°¨κ°‘κ³  μ™Έλ‘œμ›Œμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
And she was starving.
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그리고 ꡢ주리고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
She hungered for satisfying grains, crisp vegetables and fresh fruit.
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λ§›μžˆλŠ” 곑식, μ•„μ‚­ν•œ μ±„μ†Œ,
μ‹ μ„ ν•œ 과일을 κ°ˆλ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
Wandering the ghostly gardens,
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유령이 λ‚˜μ˜¬ λ“―ν•œ 정원을 λ°°νšŒν•˜λ‹€κ°€
02:56
she contemplated the pomegranates that hung heavily on their branches...
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 가지에 ν’μ„±ν•˜κ²Œ 달린 석λ₯˜λ₯Ό λ°”λΌλ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
Meanwhile, Demeter continued her hunt.
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κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ, λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄λŠ” κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ 페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ‹€λ…”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
She appealed to the all-seeing sun god, Helios,
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여신은 λ§Œλ¬Όμ„ κΏ°λš«μ–΄ λ³΄λŠ” νƒœμ–‘μ˜ μ‹  ν—¬λ¦¬μ˜€μŠ€μ—κ²Œ ν˜Έμ†Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
whose rays had long warmed her crops.
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μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ—¬μ‹ μ˜ λ†μž‘λ¬Όμ„ λ”°λœ»ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ£Όμ—ˆλ˜ μ‹ μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
03:12
Indeed, when Helios drew his golden chariot across the sky that fateful day,
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사싀 운λͺ…μ˜ κ·Έλ‚ , ν™©κΈˆλ§ˆμ°¨λ₯Ό 타고 ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ κ±΄λ„ˆλ˜ ν—¬λ¦¬μ˜€μŠ€λŠ”
03:18
he saw what happenedβ€” and he knew of the deal.
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무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ λͺ©κ²©ν–ˆκ³  κ·Έ κ±°λž˜λ„ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
Out of respect and sympathy for Demeter,
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λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•œ μ‘΄κ²½κ³Ό μ—°λ―ΌμœΌλ‘œ,
03:25
Helios told her of Hades’ demands, Zeus’ betrayal and Persephone’s abduction.
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ν—¬λ¦¬μ˜€μŠ€λŠ” ν•˜λ°μŠ€μ˜ μš”μ²­κ³Ό 제우슀의 λ°°μ‹ ,
페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€μ˜ λ‚©μΉ˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄μ—κ²Œ ν„Έμ–΄λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
Furious and heartbroken, Demeter sped to Mount Olympus and confronted Zeus,
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뢄노와 μŠ¬ν””μ— νœ©μ‹ΈμΈ λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄λŠ” μ˜¬λ¦Όν‘ΈμŠ€ μ‚°μœΌλ‘œ λ‹¬λ €κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
자기 딸을 λŒλ €λ‹¬λΌκ³  μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λ©° μ œμš°μŠ€μ—κ²Œ λ§žμ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
demanding their daughter’s return.
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03:40
But Zeus declined: in her ravenous hunger,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œμš°μŠ€λŠ” κ±°μ ˆν–ˆλŠ”λ° λͺΉμ‹œ κ΅Άμ£Όλ¦° 페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€κ°€
03:44
Persephone had eaten a few seeds from the pomegranate that grew in the underworld.
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μ§€ν•˜ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μžλΌλŠ” 석λ₯˜λ₯Ό λͺ‡ μ•Œ λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ΄μœ μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
Though a meager amount, it was enough to ensnare her in Hades forever.
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적은 양이긴 ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ, ν•˜λ°μŠ€μ—κ²Œ κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό μ˜μ›νžˆ 가두기엔 μΆ©λΆ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
Demeter wouldn't accept this fate.
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λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 운λͺ…을 받아듀일 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
She swore that if she wasn’t reunited with Persephone,
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λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄λŠ” 딸을 λ‹€μ‹œ λ§Œλ‚  수 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄,
04:01
the fields would never be fertile again,
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λ“€νŒμ€ μ ˆλŒ€ λ‹€μ‹œ λΉ„μ˜₯ν•΄μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 것이고,
04:04
and the distinction between the Earth and the underworld would soon dissolve.
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지상 세계와 μ§€ν•˜ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ ꡬ뢄이 κ³§ μ‚¬λΌμ§€κ²Œ 될 것이라고 μ €μ£Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
So, they made a pact.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그듀은 계약을 λ§Ίμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
For two thirds of every year, Persephone would return to the land of the living,
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페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€λŠ” λ§€λ…„ 3λΆ„μ˜ 2λŠ” 생λͺ…μ˜ λ•…μ—μ„œ,
04:18
But for the remainder, she would stay in the world of the dead.
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 기간은 죽음의 λ•…μ—μ„œ 머무λ₯΄κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
When Persephone ascended to Earth, she and her mother rejoiced.
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페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€κ°€ 지상 μ„Έκ³„λ‘œ 왔을 λ•Œ, 페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€μ™€ 여신은 κΈ°λ»€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
Together, they showered the fields with rain and nurtured them with sun.
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λ‘˜μ€ ν•¨κ»˜ λΉ„λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ € λ“€νŒμ„ 적셨고 νƒœμ–‘μœΌλ‘œ μ˜μ–‘λ¬Όμ„ κ³΅κΈ‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
For mortals, Persephone’s arrival came to herald the start of spring.
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페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€μ˜ λ“±μž₯은 μΈκ°„μ—κ²Œ λ΄„μ˜ μ‹œμž‘μ„ μ•Œλ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
But her descent always came too soon.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λŒμ•„κ°€μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ€ 항상 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 빨리 λ‹€κ°€μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
Each time she returned to Hades, Demeter mourned,
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ ν•˜λ°μŠ€μ—κ²Œ λŒμ•„κ°ˆ λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€, λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄λŠ” μŠ¬νΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:45
and the earth grew cold, dark, and unyielding,
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지상 μ„Έκ³„λŠ” μ°¨κ°‘κ³  μ–΄λ‘μ›Œμ‘ŒμœΌλ©°
04:49
ushering in the winter months.
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μˆ˜ν™•μ΄ μ—†λŠ” 겨울둜 μ ‘μ–΄λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
Knowing Demeter couldn’t be roused from her grief,
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λ°λ©”ν…Œλ₯΄κ°€ μŠ¬ν””μ—μ„œ κΉ¨μ–΄λ‚  수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•ŒκΈ°μ—,
04:55
the humans stored their crops, stoked their fires,
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인간듀은 λ†μž‘λ¬Όμ„ μ €μž₯해두고 λΆˆμ„ ν”Όμš°λ©΄μ„œ
04:59
and awaited Persephone’s safe return.
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페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€μ˜ μ•ˆμ „ν•œ κ·€ν™˜μ„ κΈ°λ‹€λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:03
And so it was that her transit marked the gradual turning of the seasons
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페λ₯΄μ„Έν¬λ„€μ˜ 이동은 κ³„μ ˆμ˜ 점진적인 변화와
05:08
and the bittersweet compromise between life and death.
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μ‚Άκ³Ό 죽음 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 희비가 μ—‡κ°ˆλ¦¬λŠ” νƒ€ν˜‘μ„ μƒμ§•ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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