The power of creative constraints - Brandon Rodriguez

582,630 views ・ 2017-06-13

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Guyeong Jeong κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:08
Imagine you're asked to invent something new.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것을 발λͺ…ν•˜λΌλŠ” 뢀탁을 λ°›μ•˜λ‹€κ³  상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:11
It could be whatever you want
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당신이 μ–΄λ–€ 것을 μ›ν•˜λ˜ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ©°
00:12
made from anything you choose
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당신이 μ„ νƒν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 있고,
00:14
in any shape or size.
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ν˜•νƒœλ‚˜ 크기도 상관 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
That kind of creative freedom sounds so liberating, doesn't it?
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이런 창쑰적인 μžμœ λŠ” 정말 자유둜울 것 같지 μ•Šλ‚˜μš”?
00:21
Or does it?
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κ³Όμ—° κ·ΈλŸ΄κΉŒμš”?
00:23
If you're like most people, you'd probably be paralyzed by this task.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ 이 μ—…λ¬΄λ‘œ 인해 λ§ˆλΉ„κ°€ 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
Without more guidance, where would you even begin?
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μ§€μ‹œμ‚¬ν•­μ΄ μ—†λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν• μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μ£ ?
00:30
As it turns out, boundless freedom isn't always helpful.
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κ²½κ³„μ—†λŠ” μžμœ κ°€ 항상 도움이 λ˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
In reality, any project is restricted by many factors,
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ν˜„μ‹€μ—μ„œλŠ” μ–΄λ– ν•œ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ“  λ§Žμ€ μš”μ†Œμ— μ˜ν•΄ μ œν•œμ„ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
such as the cost,
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μ˜ˆμ»¨λŒ€ λΉ„μš©μ μΈ λΆ€λΆ„,
00:39
what materials you have at your disposal,
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ν˜„μž¬ λ³ΈμΈμ—κ²Œ 주어진 재료,
00:42
and unbreakable laws of physics.
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그리고 κΉ° 수 μ—†λŠ” 물리 법칙 등이 있죠.
00:44
These factors are called creative constraints,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ„ 창의적 μ œμ•½μ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
and they're the requirements and limitations
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이듀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ©μ μ„ 이루기 μœ„ν•΄
00:49
we have to address in order to accomplish a goal.
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ν•΄κ²°ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  ν•„μš” 쑰건이자 μ œν•œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
Creative constraints apply across professions,
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창의적 μ œμ•½μ€ 직업에 상관없이 λͺ¨λ‘ μ μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:57
to architects and artists,
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κ±΄μΆ•κ°€λ‚˜ μ˜ˆμˆ κ°€,
00:58
writers,
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μž‘κ°€,
00:59
engineers,
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μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄,
01:00
and scientists.
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κ³Όν•™μžμ— 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 말이죠
01:02
In many fields, constraints play a special role
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λ§Žμ€ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ μ œμ•½μ€ 발견과 발λͺ…μ˜ μΆ”μ§„μ œλ‘œμ„œ
01:05
as drivers of discovery and invention.
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νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 역할을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
During the scientific process in particular,
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특히 과학적 κ³Όμ • λ™μ•ˆ
01:11
constraints are an essential part of experimental design.
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μ œμ•½μ€ μ‹€ν—˜ μ„€κ³„μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:15
For instance, a scientist studying a new virus would consider,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όν•™μžλŠ”
01:19
"How can I use the tools and techniques at hand
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"이 λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λͺΈμ˜ 세포λ₯Ό κ°μ—Όμ‹œν‚€λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” μ‹€ν—˜μ„ λ§Œλ“€λ €λ©΄
01:23
to create an experiment that tells me how this virus infects the body's cells?
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주어진 도ꡬ와 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 써야 ν• κΉŒ?
01:29
And what are the limits of my knowledge that prevent me
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그리고 λ‚΄κ°€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€ 경둜λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ λ§‰λŠ”
01:32
from understanding this new viral pathway?"
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λ‚΄ μ§€μ‹μ˜ ν•œκ³„λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒ?” 에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ³ λ €ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
In engineering, constraints have us apply our scientific discoveries
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κ³΅ν•™μ—μ„œ μ œμ•½μ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μƒˆλ‘­κ³  μœ μš©ν•œ 것을 발λͺ…ν•˜λŠ”λ°
01:39
to invent something new and useful.
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우리의 과학적 λ°œκ²¬μ„ μ μš©ν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
Take, for example, the landers Viking 1 and 2,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 바이킹선1 κ³Ό 바이킹선2μ—μ„œ λ‚΄λ¦° 상λ₯™μžλ“€μ€,
01:46
which relied on thrusters to arrive safely on the surface of Mars.
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λ°˜λ™ 좔진 엔진에 μ˜μ§€ν•΄ ν™”μ„± ν‘œλ©΄μ— μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ λ„μ°©ν•œ 상λ₯™μžλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
The problem?
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ”μš”?
01:52
Those thrusters left foreign chemicals on the ground,
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λ°˜λ™ 좔진 엔진이 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν™”ν•™λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ 땅에 남겼고
01:56
contaminating soil samples.
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이둜 인해 흙 μƒ˜ν”Œμ΄ μ˜€μ—Όλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
So a new constraint was introduced.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ œμ•½μ΄ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
How can we land a probe on Mars
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ ν™”ν•™λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ 남기지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄μ„œ
02:04
without introducing chemicals from Earth?
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우주 탐사기λ₯Ό 화성에 μ°©λ₯™μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:07
The next Pathfinder mission used an airbag system
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λ‹€μŒμ˜ 화성탐사선 λŒ€ν‘œλ‹¨μ€ 에어백 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
to allow the rover to bounce and roll to a halt
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탐사선이 μ˜€μ—Ό κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλŠ” μ—°λ£Œλ₯Ό νƒœμš°μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
02:14
without burning contaminating fuel.
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νŠ€μ–΄μ˜€λ₯΄κ±°λ‚˜ ꡬλ₯΄λ©΄μ„œ λ©ˆμΆ”λ„λ‘ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ£ .
02:18
Years later, we wanted to send a much larger rover: Curiosity.
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λͺ‡λ…„ ν›„, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 훨씬 큰 탐사선, Curiosityλ₯Ό 보내길 μ›ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
However, it was too large for the airbag design,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 그것은 에어백 λ””μžμΈμ„ μ μš©ν•˜κΈ°μ—” λ„ˆλ¬΄ 크기에
02:26
so another constraint was defined.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ œμ•½μ΄ λ°œμƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
How can we land a large rover while still keeping rocket fuel
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‘œμΌ“ μ—°λ£Œλ₯Ό ν™”μ„±μ˜ λ•…μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ©€λ¦¬ν•˜λ©°
02:32
away from the Martian soil?
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더 큰 탐사선을 μ°©λ₯™μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:35
In response, engineers had a wild idea.
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이에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ“€μ€ μ—‰λš±ν•œ 생각을 λ‚΄λ†¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
They designed a skycrane.
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ ν™”λ¬Όμˆ˜μ†‘μš© μš°μ£Όμ„ μ„ λ§Œλ“  것이죠.
02:41
Similar to the claw machine at toy stores,
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μΈν˜•λ½‘κΈ°μ˜ μ§‘κ²Œ 기계와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 이 μš°μ£Όμ„ μ€
02:44
it would lower the rover from high above the surface.
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높은 κ³³μ—μ„œ μ§€λ©΄μœΌλ‘œ 탐사선을 내렀쀄 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
With each invention, the engineers demonstrated an essential habit
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각각의 발λͺ…μ—μ„œ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ“€μ€
02:53
of scientific thinking -
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과학적인 μ‚¬κ³ μ˜ 본질적인 μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
that solutions must recognize the limitations of current technology
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ν˜„μž¬ 기술이 λͺ©ν‘œμΈ 해결책을 μœ„ν•΄μ„ 
02:58
in order to advance it.
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ν˜„μž¬ 기술의 ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό 인식해야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 사싀 말이죠.
03:01
Sometimes this progress is iterative,
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λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ 이 μ ˆμ°¨λŠ” λ°˜λ³΅μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 마치
03:03
as in, "How can I make a better parachute to land my rover?"
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"μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 탐사선을 μ°©λ₯™μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” 더 λ‚˜μ€ λ‚™ν•˜μ‚°μ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?"μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
03:07
And sometimes, it's innovative,
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그리고 그런 μ ˆμ°¨λŠ” λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ ν˜μ‹ μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
like how to reach our goal
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ΅œμ„ μ˜ λ‚™ν•˜μ‚°μ΄ μž‘λ™ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ λ•Œ
03:12
when the best possible parachute isn't going to work.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λͺ©ν‘œμ— 도달할지 μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
03:16
In both cases, the constraints guide decision-making
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두 경우 λͺ¨λ‘, μ œμ•½μ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€
03:19
to ensure we reach each objective.
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각 λͺ©ν‘œμ— λ„λ‹¬ν•˜λ„λ‘ μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
Here's another Mars problem yet to be solved.
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μ—¬κΈ° 아직 ν•΄κ²°λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν™”μ„± κ΄€λ ¨ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
Say we want to send astronauts who will need water.
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물이 ν•„μš”ν•  μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰μ‚¬λ“€μ„ 보내고 μ‹Άλ‹€κ³  해보죠.
03:29
They'd rely on a filtration system that keeps the water very clean
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그듀은 물을 맀우 κΉ¨λ—ν•˜κ²Œ μœ μ§€ν•˜κ³  100% λ³΅κ΅¬μ‹œν‚€λŠ”
03:34
and enables 100% recovery.
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μ •ν™”μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— μ˜μ‘΄ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
Those are some pretty tough constraints,
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그것듀은 κ½€λ‚˜ μ–΄λ €μš΄ μ œμ•½μ΄λ©°
03:39
and we may not have the technology for it now.
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우린 그런 기술이 아직 없을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
But in the process of trying to meet these objectives,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이런 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό 이루도둝 λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ
03:45
we might discover other applications of any inventions that result.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 결과둜 μƒκΈ°λŠ” 발λͺ…μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ μš©λ²•μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
Building an innovative water filtration system
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ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ λ¬Ό μ •ν™” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜λŠ” 것은
03:53
could provide a solution for farmers working in drought-stricken regions,
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κ°€λ­„μœΌλ‘œ κ³ ν†΅λ°›λŠ” μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ” λ†λΆ€λ‚˜
03:58
or a way to clean municipal water in polluted cities.
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μ˜€μ—Όλœ λ„μ‹œμ˜ 물을 κΉ¨λ—ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”λ° 해결책이 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
In fact, many scientific advances
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사싀 λ§Žμ€ 과학적인 진보듀은
04:06
have occurred when serendipitous failures in one field
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μ–΄λŠ ν•œ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œμ˜ λœ»ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ‹€νŒ¨κ°€
04:09
address the constraints of another.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό 극볡할 λ•Œ λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
When scientist Alexander Fleming mistakenly contaminated
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κ³Όν•™μž μ•Œλ ‰μ‚°λ” ν”Œλ ˆλ°μ΄ μ‹€μˆ˜λ‘œ
04:15
a Petri dish in the lab,
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μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ— μžˆλŠ” 페트리 μ ‘μ‹œλ₯Ό μ˜€μ—Όμ‹œν‚¨ 일둜
04:17
it led to the discovery of the first antibiotic, penicillin.
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첫 번째 ν•­μƒλ¬Όμ§ˆμΈ νŽ˜λ‹ˆμ‹€λ¦°μ΄ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
The same is true of synthetic dye,
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ν•©μ„±μ—°λ£Œ,
04:24
plastic,
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±,
04:25
and gunpowder.
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그리고 ν™”μ•½μ˜ 발견 λ˜ν•œ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ΄μ£ .
04:27
All were created mistakenly,
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λͺ¨λ“  것은 μ‹€μˆ˜λ‘œ 인해 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œμ§€λ§Œ,
04:29
but went on to address the constraints of other problems.
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κ²°κ΅­ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ˜ ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
Understanding constraints guides scientific progress,
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μ œμ•½μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것은 과학적 진보λ₯Ό 이끌고
04:37
and what's true in science is also true in many other fields.
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κ³Όν•™μ—μ„œ 사싀인 것은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—¬λŸ¬ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œλ„ 사싀이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
Constraints aren't the boundaries of creativity, but the foundation of it.
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μ œμ•½μ€ 창쑰의 경계선이 μ•„λ‹Œ κΈ°λ°˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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