Infinity according to Jorge Luis Borges - Ilan Stavans

412,046 views ใƒป 2019-07-11

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jiyeon Son ๊ฒ€ํ† : Joowon Lee
00:07
When Ireneo Funes looked at a glass of wine on a table,
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ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์œ„์— ๋†“์ธ ์™€์ธ์ž”์„ ๋ณธ ์ด๋ ˆ๋„ค์˜ค๋Š”
00:11
he saw โ€œall the shoots, clusters, and grapes of the vine.
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ํฌ๋„๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ, ๋‚˜๋ญ‡๊ฐ€์ง€, ํฌ๋„์•Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
He remembered the shapes of the clouds in the south
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1882๋…„ 4์›” 30์ผ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ ๋‚จ์ชฝ ํ•˜๋Š˜์— ๋–  ์žˆ๋˜
00:18
at the dawn of the 30th of April of 1882,
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ฃ .
00:22
and he could compare them in his recollection with the marbled grain
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต ์†์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์„ ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ–์— ๋ณธ ์  ์—†๋Š”
00:26
in the design of a leather-bound book which he had seen only once,
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๊ฐ€์ฃฝ ํ‘œ์ง€ ์ฑ…์˜ ์ค„๋ฌด๋Šฌ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:31
and with the lines in the spray which an oar raised
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๊นจ๋ธŒ๋ผ์ตธ ํ•ญ์Ÿ ์ „๋‚  ๋ฐค ๋„ค๊ทธ๋กœ๊ฐ•์—์„œ
00:34
in the Rio Negro on the eve of the battle of the Quebrancho.โ€
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๋…ธ์ “๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฌผ์žฅ๊ตฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
In the short story โ€œFunes, the Memorious,โ€
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๋‹จํŽธ ์†Œ์„ค "๊ธฐ์–ต์˜ ์ฒœ์žฌ ํ‘ธ๋„ค์Šค"์—์„œ
00:42
Jorge Luis Borges explores what it would be like to have a perfect memory.
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅดํ—ค ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค ๋ณด๋ฅดํ—ค์Šค๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
His character not only remembers everything he has ever seen,
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์ด๋ ˆ๋„ค์˜ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
00:52
but every time he has seen it in perfect detail.
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์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
These details are so overwhelming
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋””ํ…Œ์ผ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ 
00:59
Funes has to spend his days in a dark room,
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ํ‘ธ๋„ค์Šค๋Š” ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์ผ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:02
and can only sleep by imagining a part of town he has never visited.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์  ์—†๋Š” ๋™๋„ค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ์ž ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
According to Borges,
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๋ณด๋ฅดํ—ค์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ‘ธ๋„ค์Šค์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์€
01:09
Funesโ€™s memories even rendered him incapable of real thought,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
because โ€œTo think is to forget a difference, to generalize, to abstract.
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์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์žŠ๊ณ , ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ถ”์ƒํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:19
In the overly replete world of Funes there were nothing but details.โ€
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ํ‘ธ๋„ค์Šค์˜ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๋งŒํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋””ํ…Œ์ผ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
Funesโ€™ limitless memory was just one of Borgesโ€™s many explorations of infinity.
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ํ‘ธ๋„ค์Šค์˜ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์€ ๋ณด๋ฅดํ—ค์Šค์˜ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ๊ตฌ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Born in Argentina in 1899,
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1899๋…„ ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ณด๋ฅดํ—ค์Šค๋Š”
01:33
he admired the revolutionaries of his motherโ€™s family
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๋ชจ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ํ˜๋ช…๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋™๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
but took after his fatherโ€™s bookish clan.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ถ€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฎ์•„ ์ฑ… ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:40
His body of essays, poems, and stories, or, as he called them, ficciones
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๊ทธ์˜ ์—์„ธ์ด, ์‹œ, ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ, ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ”ฝ์…˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ ๊ธ€์€
01:45
pioneered the literary style of โ€œlo real maravilloso,โ€
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"๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์šด ํ˜„์‹ค"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
known in English as Magical Realismโ€”
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๋งˆ์ˆ ์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ฃผ์˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:52
and each was just a few pages long.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ธ€์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ช‡ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฐ–์— ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
Though Borges was not interested in writing long books,
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๋ณด๋ฅดํ—ค์Šค๋Š” ์žฅํŽธ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:58
he was an avid reader,
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์ค‘๋…„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ ์‹ค๋ช…ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋„
01:59
recruiting friends to read to him after he went blind in middle age.
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์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์–ด์ค„ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋…์„œ๊ด‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
He said his image of paradise was an infinite library,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚™์›์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ธ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์„
02:07
an idea he brought to life in โ€œThe library of Babel.โ€
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"๋ฐ”๋ฒจ์˜ ๋„์„œ๊ด€"์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ˜•์ƒํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
Built out of countless identical rooms,
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์—
02:15
each containing the same number of books of the same length,
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ์ฑ…์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŒํผ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:19
the library of babel is its own universe.
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๋ฐ”๋ฒจ์˜ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
It contains every possible variation of text,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ 
02:26
so there are some profound books,
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์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ์ฑ…๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ 
02:28
but also countless tomes of complete gibberish.
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ง๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์„œ์ ๋“ค๋„ ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํžˆ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
The narrator has spent his entire life
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ํ•ด์„ค์ž๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ—›์ˆ˜๊ณ  ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”
02:36
wandering this vast labyrinth of information
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๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์†์—์„œ
๋ฏธ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ—ค๋งค๋ฉด์„œ ์ผ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
in a possibly futile search for meaning.
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02:42
Labyrinths appeared over and over in Borgesโ€™ work.
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๋ฏธ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณด๋ฅดํ—ค์Šค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
In โ€œThe Garden of Forking Paths,โ€
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"๋์—†์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐˆ๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ธธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์›"์—์„œ
02:48
as Yu Tsun winds his way through country roads,
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์œ ์ถ˜์€ ์‹œ๊ณจ๊ธธ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:52
he remembers a lost labyrinth built by one of his ancestors.
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์กฐ์ƒ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๋ฏธ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
Over the course of the story,
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:58
he finds out the labyrinth is not a physical maze but a novel.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์†Œ์„ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ 
03:02
And this novel reveals that the real Garden of Forking Paths is time:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†Œ์„ค์€ ์ •์›์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
in every instant, there are infinite possible courses of action.
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๋งค ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ–‰๋™์—๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:13
And as one moment follows another,
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ํ•œ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
03:15
each possibility begets another set of divergent futures.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
03:21
Borges laid out infinite expanses of time in his labyrinths,
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๋ณด๋ฅดํ—ค์Šค๋Š” ํ—ค์•„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฏธ๋กœ์— ์Ÿ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:25
but he also explored the idea of condensing all of time
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‹จ ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์••์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
03:29
into a single moment.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
In โ€œThe Godโ€™s Script,โ€
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"์‹ ์˜ ๊ธ€"์—์„œ
03:32
at the very beginning of the world
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์ฐฝ์กฐ์˜ ์ฒซ๋‚ ์—
03:35
the god writes exactly one message
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์‹ ์€ ์žฌ๊ทœ์–ด์˜ ๋ฌด๋Šฌ์—
03:38
into the spots of the jaguars,
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
who then โ€œlove and reproduce without end,
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์žฌ๊ทœ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
03:43
in caverns, in cane fields, on islands,
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๋™๊ตด, ์‚ฌํƒ•์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฐญ, ์„ฌ์—์„œ
03:47
in order that the last men might receive it.โ€
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
The last man turns out to be a tenacious old priest
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆ์งˆ๊ธด ๋‚˜์ด ๋“  ์‚ฌ์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
who spends years memorizing and deciphering the jaguarโ€™s spots,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์žฌ๊ทœ์–ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ ์„ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๋…ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:00
culminating in an epiphany where he finally understands the godโ€™s message.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์‹ ์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์˜ ์ •์ ์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Imprisoned deep underground,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊นŠ์€ ์ง€ํ•˜์— ๊ฐ๊ธˆ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:08
he has no one to share this meaning with,
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:11
and it changes nothing about his circumstances,
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์ƒํ™ฉ๋„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‚˜์•„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
04:14
but he doesnโ€™t mind:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์˜์น˜ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
in that one moment,
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๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—
04:17
he has experienced all the experience of everyone who has ever existed.
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์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:23
Reading Borges, you might catch a glimpse of infinity too.
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๋ณด๋ฅดํ—ค์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•จ์„ ์—ฟ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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