Did the Amazons really exist? - Adrienne Mayor

2,995,847 views ・ 2018-06-18

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Minseo Yun κ²€ν† : Won Jang
00:07
Since the time of Homer,
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ν˜Έλ©”λ‘œμŠ€κ°€ μ‚΄λ˜ μ‹œλŒ€ μ΄ν›„λ‘œ
00:09
ancient stories told of fierce warriors dwelling beyond the Mediterranean world,
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지쀑해 λ„ˆλ¨Έμ˜ μ‚¬λ‚˜μš΄ 전사듀에 λŒ€ν•œ μ˜›λ‚  이야기듀이 μ „ν•΄μ Έμ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
striking fear into the mightiest empires of antiquity.
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그듀은 κ³ λŒ€μ˜ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ œκ΅­λ“€μ„ 곡포둜 λͺ°μ•„λ„£μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μ•Œλ €μ Έμžˆμ§€μš”.
00:18
Their exploits were recounted by many epic poets.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ„œμ‚¬ μ‹œμΈλ“€μ΄ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 곡적을 λ…Έλž˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
They fought in the legendary Trojan War and their grand army invaded Athens.
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그듀은 전섀적인 트둜이 μ „μŸμ—μ„œ μ‹Έμ› κ³  μœ„μ—„μžˆλŠ” κ΅°λŒ€λŠ” μ•„ν…Œλ„€λ₯Ό μΉ¨λž΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
Jason and the Argonauts passed by their shores,
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그듀이 μ‚¬λŠ” μ§€μ—­μ˜ ν•΄μ•ˆμ„ μ§€λ‚˜λ˜ 이아손과 μ•„λ₯΄κ³ μ„ μ˜ μ˜μ›…λ“€μ€
00:30
barely avoiding their deadly arrows.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 치λͺ…적인 화살을 κ°„μ‹ νžˆ ν”Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
These formidable fighters faced off against the greatest champions of myth:
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이 가곡할 전사듀은 μ‹ ν™” μ†μ˜ κ°€μž₯ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ νˆ¬μ‚¬λ“€κ³Ό λ§žμ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
Heracles,
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ν—€λΌν΄λ ˆμŠ€
00:38
Theseus,
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ν…Œμ„Έμš°μŠ€
00:39
and Achilles.
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그리고 μ•„ν‚¬λ ˆμŠ€μ™€ μ‹Έμ› μ§€μš”.
00:41
And every single one of these warriors was a woman.
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그리고 이 전사듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ μ—¬μžμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
The war-loving Amazons, "the equals of men" in courage and skill,
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ν˜Έμ „μ μΈ μ•„λ§ˆμ‘°λ„€μŠ€ 뢀쑱은 "남성과 같은" μš©λ§Ήν•¨κ³Ό κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ°€μ‘Œκ³ 
00:51
were familiar to everyone in ancient Greece.
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κ³ λŒ€ κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€μΈμ—κ²ŒλŠ” μΉœμˆ™ν•œ μ‘΄μž¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
Amazon battle scenes decorated the Parthenon on the Athenian Acropolis;
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μ•„ν…Œλ„€ μ•„ν¬λ‘œν΄λ¦¬μŠ€μ˜ 파λ₯΄ν…Œλ…Ό 신전은 μ•„λ§ˆμ‘°λ„€μŠ€μ˜ μ „νˆ¬ μž₯λ©΄λ“€λ‘œ μž₯μ‹λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
00:58
paintings and statues of Amazons adorned temples and public spaces.
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μ•„λ§ˆμ‘°λ„€μŠ€μ˜ κ·Έλ¦Όκ³Ό μ‘°κ°μƒλ“€λ‘œ μ‹ μ „κ³Ό 곡곡μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό κΎΈλͺ„μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
Little girls played with Amazon dolls,
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μ—¬μžμ•„μ΄λ“€μ€ μ•„λ§ˆμ‘°λ„€μŠ€ μΈν˜•μ„ 가지고 λ†€μ•˜κ³ 
01:05
and Amazons were a favorite subject on Greek vase paintings.
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μ•„λ§ˆμ‘°λ„€μŠ€λŠ” 그리슀 도기 λ¬Έμ–‘μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 인기 μžˆλŠ” μ£Όμ œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
In Greek art and literature,
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그리슀 예술과 λ¬Έν•™μ—μ„œ
01:12
they were depicted as daring and desirable,
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그듀은 맀λ ₯적이고 λŒ€λ‹΄ν•œ 쑴재둜 λ¬˜μ‚¬λ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ˜€κ³ 
01:15
but also terrifying and deadly,
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 무섭고 치λͺ…μ μœΌλ‘œ κ·Έλ €μ§€λ©΄μ„œ
01:16
and doomed to die at the hands of Greek heroes.
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그리슀의 μ˜μ›…λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ£½μž„μ„ λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 운λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ 그렀지기도 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
Were Amazons merely figures of myth, or something more?
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이듀은 κ·Έμ € μ‹ ν™” 속 μΈλ¬Όμ΄μ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”? μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:24
It was long assumed that they were imaginary,
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μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ 그듀은 상상 μ†μ˜ 쑴재둜 μ—¬κ²¨μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
like the cyclops and centaurs.
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마치 μ‚¬μ΄ν΄λ‘­μŠ€λ‚˜ μΌ„νƒ€μš°λ‘œμŠ€μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
01:29
But curiously enough, stories from ancient Egypt,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 정말 κΈ°λ¬˜ν•˜κ²Œλ„
κ³ λŒ€ μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ‚˜
01:33
Persia,
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페λ₯΄μ‹œμ•„λ‚˜
01:34
the Middle East,
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쀑동
01:35
Central Asia,
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μ€‘μ•™μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ™€
01:36
India,
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인도 그리고 μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œλ„
01:37
and China
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01:38
also featured Amazon-like warrior women.
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μ•„λ§ˆμ‘°λ„€μŠ€ 같은 여전사듀이 이야기에 λ“±μž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
And Amazons were described in ancient historical accounts, not just myths.
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그리고 μ•„λ§ˆμ‘°λ„€μŠ€λŠ” μ‹ ν™”λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 역사적 기둝듀에도 λ¬˜μ‚¬λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
Writers like Herodotus, Plato, and Strabo never doubted their existence.
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ν—€λ‘œλ„ν† μŠ€λ‚˜ ν”ŒλΌν† , μŠ€νŠΈλΌλ³΄κ°™μ€ μž‘κ°€λ“€λ„ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό ν™•μ‹ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
So who were the real women warriors known as Amazons?
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그러면 μ•„λ§ˆμ‘°λ„€μŠ€ λΆ€μ‘±μœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ§„ 여전사듀은 정말 λˆ„κ΅¬μ˜€μ„κΉŒμš”?
01:56
Ancient historians located the Amazon homeland in Scythia,
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κ³ λŒ€ 역사가듀은 μŠ€ν‚€νƒ€μ΄ 지역을 μ•„λ§ˆμ‘°λ„€μŠ€μ˜ κ±°μ£Όμ§€λ‘œ 지λͺ©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
the vast territory stretching from
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이곳은 ν‘ν•΄μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ€‘μ•™μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ˜ μ΄ˆμ›μ„ κ°€λ‘œμ§€λ₯΄λŠ” κ΄‘ν™œν•œ μ§€μ—­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
the Black Sea across the steppes of Central Asia.
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02:05
This immense region was populated by nomadic tribes
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이 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 지역에 μ‚΄μ•˜λ˜ 유λͺ© 민쑱듀은
02:08
whose lives centered on horses,
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말타기와 ꢁ술 그리고 μ „μŸμ„ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
archery,
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02:11
and warfare.
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02:13
Their culture flourished for about 1,000 years beginning around 800 BC.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ¬Έν™”λŠ” 기원전 800λ…„λΆ€ν„° μ•½ 1,000λ…„κ°„ λ²ˆμ„±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
Feared by Greeks, Persians, and the Chinese, the Scythians left
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그리슀, 페λ₯΄μ‹œμ•„ 그리고 μ€‘κ΅­μ—κ²Œ 곡포의 λŒ€μƒμ΄μ—ˆλ˜ μŠ€ν‚€νƒ€μ΄μΈλ“€μ€
02:22
no written records. But we can find clues in how
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μ–΄λ– ν•œ 기둝도 남기지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹¨μ„œλ₯Ό 찾을 수 있죠.
02:26
their neighbors described them, as well as in archaeology.
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μ΄μ›ƒλ‚˜λΌλ“€μ΄ 그듀을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ¬˜μ‚¬ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€μ™€ 고고학적 μœ μ λ“€μ„ 보면 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
Scythians' ancestors were the first to ride horses
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μŠ€ν‚€νƒ€μ΄μΈμ˜ 쑰상듀은 졜초둜 말을 탔고
02:33
and they invented the recurve bow.
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양ꢁ ν™œμ„ 발λͺ…ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
And, because a female mounted archer could be as fast and as deadly as a male,
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그리고 μ—¬μž κΆμˆ˜λ“€μ€ λ‚¨μžλ§ŒνΌ 재빠λ₯΄κ³  치λͺ…적일 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:41
all children were trained to ride and shoot.
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λͺ¨λ“  μ–΄λ¦°μ΄λŠ” 말을 타고 ν™œμ„ μ˜λŠ” ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
Women hunted and fought alongside men, using the same weapons.
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μ—¬μžλ“€μ€ λ‚¨μžλ“€κ³Ό λ‚˜λž€νžˆ 사λƒ₯κ³Ό μ „νˆ¬λ₯Ό ν–ˆκ³ 
같은 무기λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
The harsh landscape and their nomadic lifestyle
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ν™©λŸ‰ν•œ μ§€ν˜•κ³Ό κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 유λͺ© μƒν™œμ€
02:52
created its own form of equality.
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κ·Έλ“€λ§Œμ˜ ν‰λ“±ν•œ λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
This amazed the ancient Greeks, whose women led restricted indoor lives.
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μ—¬μžλ“€μ΄ μ œν•œμ μΈ μ‹€λ‚΄ μƒν™œλ§Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ³ λŒ€ κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€μΈλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ μΌμ΄μ˜€μ£ .
03:00
The earliest stories of the Scythians, and Amazons,
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μŠ€ν‚€νƒ€μ΄μΈλ“€κ³Ό μ•„λ§ˆμ‘°λ„€μŠ€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 초기의 이야기듀은
03:03
may have been exaggerated rumors.
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μ•„λ§ˆ κ³Όμž₯된 μ†Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
But as the Greeks began to trade around the Black Sea and further east,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€μΈλ“€μ΄ 흑해 μ£Όλ³€κ³Ό 더 동μͺ½μ˜ μ§€μ—­κΉŒμ§€ 무역을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
03:10
their portrayals became more realistic.
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그듀에 λŒ€ν•œ λ¬˜μ‚¬λŠ” 더 ν˜„μ‹€μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
Early depictions of Amazons showed them with Greek weapons and armor.
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μ΄ˆκΈ°μ—λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆμ‘°λ„€μŠ€ 뢀쑱이 그리슀의 무기와 κ°‘μ˜·μ„ μž…μ€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ¬˜μ‚¬λ˜μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:17
But in later representations,
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ν›„κΈ°μ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ—μ„œλŠ”
03:19
they wielded bows and battle-axes,
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그듀은 ν™œκ³Ό 도끼λ₯Ό νœ˜λ‘˜λ €κ³ 
03:22
rode horses,
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말을 νƒ”μœΌλ©°
03:23
and wore pointed caps and patterned trousers
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μ–Όλ£©λ¬΄λŠ¬ λͺ¨μžμ™€ λ¬΄λŠ¬κ°€ μžˆλŠ” 바지λ₯Ό μž…μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
characteristic of steppe nomads.
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이것은 ν™©μ•Ό 유λͺ©λ―Όλ“€μ˜ νŠΉμ§•μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
03:29
Until recently, no one was sure how strong the links were
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μ΅œκ·ΌκΉŒμ§€λ„ μŠ€ν‚€νƒ€μ΄μΈλ“€κ³Ό 그리슀 μ‹ ν™”μ˜ μ•„λ§ˆμ‘°λ„€μŠ€ 사이에
03:32
between Scythians and the Amazons of Greek myth.
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 연관성이 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 아무도 λͺ°λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
But recent archaeological discoveries have provided ample evidence.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 졜근의 고고학적 λ°œκ²¬λ“€μ€ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 증거λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
More than 1,000 ancient Scythian kurgans, or burial mounds, have been excavated,
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μŠ€ν‚€νƒ€μ΄μ˜ λΆ„λ¬˜λ“€κ³Ό 봉뢄듀이 1,000κΈ°κ°€ λ„˜κ²Œ λ°œκ΅΄λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
03:46
containing skeletons and weapons.
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κ±°κΈ°μ—λŠ” μœ κ³¨λ“€κ³Ό 무기듀이 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
Archaeologists had previously assumed
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μ˜ˆμ „μ˜ κ³ κ³ ν•™μžλ“€ μΆ”μ •μœΌλ‘œλŠ”
03:51
that weapons could only belong to male warriors.
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이 무기듀이 λ‚¨μž μ „μ‚¬λ“€μ˜ κ²ƒμž„μ— ν‹€λ¦Όμ—†λ‹€κ³  λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
But modern DNA analysis so far
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ DNA 뢄석은
03:56
has revealed that about 300 skeletons buried with weapons
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무기와 ν•¨κ»˜ λ¬»ν˜€μžˆλŠ” 300ꡬ의 유골이
03:59
belong to females ranging in age from 10 to 45,
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10μ—μ„œ 45μ„Έμ˜ μ—¬μ„±λ“€μ˜ κ²ƒμž„μ„ λ°ν˜€λƒˆμœΌλ©°
04:04
and more are being found every year.
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ν•΄λ§ˆλ‹€ 더 λ§Žμ€ 유골이 발견되고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
The women's skeletons show battle injuries:
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μ—¬μ„±μ˜ μœ κ³¨μ—μ„œ μ „νˆ¬λ‘œ 생긴 뢀상을 μ°Ύμ•„λ³Ό μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
04:09
ribs slashed by swords,
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칼에 베인 κ°ˆλΉ„λΌˆ
04:11
skulls bashed by battle-axes,
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도끼에 λ§žμ€ λ‘κ°œκ³¨
04:14
and arrows embedded in bones.
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그리고 λΌˆμ— λ°•νžŒ ν™”μ‚΄λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
In classical art and writings,
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κ³ μ „ 예술과 κΈ€μ—μ„œ
04:19
the fearsome Amazons were always portrayed as brave and heroic.
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λ¬΄μ‹œλ¬΄μ‹œν•œ μ•„λ§ˆμ‘°λ„€μŠ€ 뢀쑱은 항상 μš©κ°ν•˜κ³  μ˜μ›…μ μœΌλ‘œ λ¬˜μ‚¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
In male-dominated classical Greece, however,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 남성 μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ κ³ λŒ€ κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€μ—μ„œλŠ”
04:27
the very idea of strong women who gloried in freedom and war aroused mixed feelings.
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μžμœ μ™€ μ „μŸμ„ μžλž‘μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” κ°•ν•œ μ—¬μ„±μ˜ μ΄λ―Έμ§€λŠ”
λ‹€μ†Œ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 감정을 λΆˆλŸ¬μΌμœΌμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
And yet, the Greeks were also drawn to egalitarian ideals.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ™μ‹œμ— κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€μΈλ“€μ€ ν‰λ“±μ£Όμ˜μ  이상에 λŒλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
Is it possible that the mythic realm of thrilling Amazon tales
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μ§œλ¦Ών•œ μ•„λ§ˆμ‘°λ„€μŠ€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ 신화적인 μ˜μ—­μ΄
04:42
was a way to imagine women and men as equal companions?
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μ—¬μ„±κ³Ό 남성이 λ™λ“±ν•œ λ™λ°˜μžκ°€ λ˜λŠ” 길을 μ—΄μ–΄μ€€ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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