The dark history of bananas - John Soluri

2,820,386 views ใƒป 2020-11-02

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:07
On a December night in 1910, the exiled former leader of Honduras,
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1910๋…„ 12์›”์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋ฐค,
์ถ”๋ฐฉ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋˜ ์˜จ๋‘๋ผ์Šค์˜ ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น
00:12
Manuel Bonilla, boarded a borrowed yacht in New Orleans.
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๋งˆ๋ˆ„์—˜ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ์•ผ๋Š” ๋‰ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์–ธ์Šค์—์„œ ๋นŒ๋ฆฐ ์š”ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํƒ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
With a group of heavily armed accomplices,
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์ค‘๋ฌด์žฅํ•œ ๊ณต๋ฒ” ์ผ๋‹น๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
00:19
he set sail for Honduras in hopes of reclaiming power
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์„ ํ’ˆ๊ณ  ์˜จ๋‘๋ผ์Šค๋กœ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
by whatever means necessary.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด๋“  ๋‹ค ์“ฐ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:26
Bonilla had a powerful backer,
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๋ณด๋‹ˆ์•ผ๋Š” ๋ง‰๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ›„์›์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:29
the future leader of a notorious organization
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์•…๋ช…๋†’์€ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ›„๊ณ„์ž์˜€์ฃ .
00:32
known throughout Latin America as El Pulpo, or "the Octopus,"
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๋ผํ‹ด ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์ „์—ญ์— ์—˜ ํ’€ํฌ,
์ฆ‰ โ€œ๋ฌธ์–ดโ€œ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์กฐ์ง์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์„ธ๋ ฅ๊ถŒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋„“์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:38
for its long reach.
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์•…๋ช… ๋†’์€ ์—˜ ๋ฝˆ๋ฝ€๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:40
The infamous El Pulpo was a U.S. corporation
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00:43
trafficking in, of all things, bananas.
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๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜์™€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ€๋งคํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
It was officially known as United Fruit Companyโ€”
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๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์œ ๋‚˜์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ํ”„๋ฃป ์ปดํผ๋‹ˆ,
00:51
or Chiquita Brands International today.
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์น˜ํ‚คํƒ€ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋‚ด์…”๋„๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—” ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
First cultivated in Southeast Asia thousands of years ago,
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ์ „ ๋™๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘๋œ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋Š”
00:59
bananas reached the Americas in the early 1500s,
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1500๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:02
where enslaved Africans cultivated them in plots alongside sugar plantations.
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๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌํƒ•์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ๋†์žฅ ์˜†์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
There were many different bananas,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:10
most of which looked nothing like the bananas in supermarket aisles today.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“์—์„œ ํŒŒ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜์™€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
01:15
In the 1800s, captains from New Orleans and New England
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1800๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋‰ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์–ธ์Šค์™€ ๋‰ด์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์„ ์žฅ๋“ค์€
01:19
ventured to the Caribbean in search of coconuts and other goods.
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์ฝ”์ฝ”๋„›๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒํ•ด๋กœ ๋ชจํ—˜์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
They began to experiment with bananas, purchasing one kind,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ธ ๊ทธ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์…ธ์„
01:28
called Gros Michel, from Afro-Caribbean farmers in Jamaica, Cuba, and Honduras.
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์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ž๋ฉ”์ด์นด, ์ฟ ๋ฐ”, ์˜จ๋‘๋ผ์Šค ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Gros Michel bananas produced large bunches of relatively thick-skinned fruitโ€”
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๊ทธ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์…ธ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ป์งˆ์ด ๋‘๊ป๊ณ  ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์„œ
01:40
ideal for shipping.
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์šด์†กํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•Œ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
By the end of the 1800s, bananas were a hit in the US.
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1800๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ง ๋ฌด๋ ต, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
They were affordable, available year-round,
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๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋„ ์ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ ๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:50
and endorsed by medical doctors.
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ํ™๋ณดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
As bananas became big business,
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๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
01:55
U.S. fruit companies wanted to grow their own bananas.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณผ์ผ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋…์ž์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:59
In order to secure access to land,
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ํ† ์ง€ ์ด์šฉ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
02:01
banana moguls lobbied and bribed government officials in Central America,
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๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์•™ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ๋กœ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:06
and even funded coups to ensure they had allies in power.
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฅ” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ž๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฟ ๋ฐํƒ€ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
In Honduras, Manuel Bonilla repaid the banana man
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์˜จ๋‘๋ผ์Šค์—์„œ ๋งˆ๋ˆ„์—˜ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ์•ผ๋Š”
๊ท€ํ™˜ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋Œ€์ค€ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ํ† ์ง€๊ถŒ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
who had financed his return to power with land concessions.
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02:18
By the 1930s, one company dominated the region: United Fruit,
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1930๋…„๋Œ€ ์ฏค, ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์œ ๋‚˜์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ํ”„๋ฃป์€ ํ•œ๋•Œ ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘์ง€ 40% ์ด์ƒ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
who owned over 40% of Guatemalaโ€™s arable land at one point.
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02:29
They cleared rainforest in Costa Rica, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฝ”์Šคํƒ€๋ฆฌ์นด, ์ฝœ๋กฌ๋น„์•„, ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ, ์˜จ๋‘๋ผ์Šค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
02:34
and Panama to build plantations,
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ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ์˜ ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋†์žฅ๊ณผ
02:37
along with railroads, ports, and towns to house workers.
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์ฒ ๋กœ, ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ฃผํƒ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งˆ์„์„ ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
Lured by relatively high-paying jobs, people migrated to banana zones.
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๋น„๊ต์  ๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง์—…์— ๊พ€์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜ ์กด์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
From Guatemala to Colombia,
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๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ์—์„œ ์ฝœ๋กฌ๋น„์•„๊นŒ์ง€
02:48
United Fruitโ€™s plantations grew exclusively Gros Michel bananas.
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์œ ๋‚˜์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ํ”„๋ฃป ๋†์žฅ์€ ์˜ค๋กœ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์…ธ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
These densely packed farms had little biological diversity,
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๋นฝ๋นฝํžˆ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง„ ๋†์žฅ์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:57
making them ripe for disease epidemics.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜์— ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์œ ํ–‰์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:00
The infrastructure connecting these vulnerable farms
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์ด ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ด์ง„ ๋†์žฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์€
03:03
could quickly spread disease:
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ํผํŠธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
pathogens could hitch a ride from one farm to another on workersโ€™ boots,
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๋ณ‘์›์ฒด๋Š” ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์ด๋‚˜,
03:10
railroad cars, and steamships.
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์ฒ ๋„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰, ์ฆ๊ธฐ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
Thatโ€™s exactly what happened in the 1910s,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด 1910๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
when a fungus began to level Gros Michel banana plantations,
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๊ณฐํŒก์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์…ธ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜ ๋†์žฅ์„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„œ
03:20
first in Panama, and later throughout Central America,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ๋ฅผ, ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์ค‘์•™ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์ „์—ญ์„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
spreading quickly via the same system that had enabled big profits and cheap bananas.
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ํฐ ์ˆ˜์ต๊ณผ ๊ฐ’์‹ผ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ค€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:30
In a race against โ€œPanama Disease,โ€
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โ€œํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ ๋ณ‘โ€œ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ธ์›€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
03:33
banana companies abandoned infected plantations
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์ฝ”์Šคํƒ€๋ฆฌ์นด, ์˜จ๋‘๋ผ์Šค, ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ์˜
03:36
in Costa Rica, Honduras, and Guatemala,
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๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ๋†์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ํ•ด์ง€ํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๊ณ 
03:40
leaving thousands of farmers and workers jobless.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์ผ๊พผ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์งํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
The companies then felled extensive tracts of rainforests
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—ด๋Œ€ ์šฐ๋ฆผ ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋ฒ ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
in order to establish new plantations.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋†์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:51
After World War II,
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2์ฐจ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„,
03:53
the dictatorships with which United Fruit had partnered in Guatemala and Honduras
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๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ์™€ ์˜จ๋‘๋ผ์Šค์—์„œ ์œ ๋‚˜์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ํ”„๋ฃป๊ณผ ๋™์—…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋…์žฌ์ž๋“ค์€
03:57
yielded to democratically elected governments that called for land reform.
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ํ† ์ง€๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ ์ •๋ถ€์— ํ•ญ๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
In Guatemala, President Jacobo Arbenz tried to buy back land from United Fruit
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๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์ฝ”๋ณด ์•„๋ฅด๋ฒค์ฆˆ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์œ ๋‚˜์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ํ”„๋ฃป์—์„œ ํ† ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งค์ž…ํ•ด
04:08
and redistribute it to landless farmers.
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ํ† ์ง€๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
The Arbenz government offered to pay a price based on tax recordsโ€”
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์•„๋ฅด๋ฒค์ฆˆ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์„ธ๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:15
where United Fruit had underreported the value of the land.
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์œ ๋‚˜์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ํ”„๋ฃป์€ ํ† ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์‹ ๊ณ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
El Pulpo was not happy.
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์—˜ ํ’€ํฌ๋Š” ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:23
The company launched propaganda campaigns against Arbenz
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฅด๋ฒค์ฆˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ์ „์ „์„ ๊ฐœ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ 
04:26
and called on its deep connections in the US Government for help.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์— ๊นŠ์ด ๋ฐ•ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ์ค„์— ๋„์›€์„ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
Citing fears of communism, the CIA orchestrated the overthrow
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๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•‘๊ณ„๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„์„œ CIA๋Š” ๊ณต์ž‘์„ ๋ฒŒ์—ฌ์„œ
๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ถœ๋œ ์•„๋ฅด๋ฒค์ฆˆ ์ •๊ถŒ์„ 1954๋…„์— ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
of the democratically elected Arbenz in 1954.
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04:40
That same year in Honduras, thousands of United Fruit workers went on strike
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์˜จ๋‘๋ผ์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๋‚˜์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ํ”„๋ฃป ์ง์› ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ด์— ํŒŒ์—…์„ ๋ฒŒ์—ฌ
04:46
until the company agreed to recognize a new labor union.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๋…ธ๋™ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
With the political and economic costs of running from Panama Disease escalating,
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ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ ๋ณ‘์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ •์น˜์ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์šด์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด
04:56
United Fruit finally switched from Gros Michel
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์œ ๋‚˜์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ํ”„๋ฃป์€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊ทธ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์…ธ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜์—์„œ
04:59
to Panama disease-resistant Cavendish bananas in the early 1960s.
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ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ ๋ณ‘์— ์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์บ๋ฒˆ๋””์‹œ๋กœ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
Today, bananas are no longer as economically vital in Central America,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘์•™ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:10
and United Fruit Company, rechristened Chiquita,
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์œ ๋‚˜์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ํ”„๋ฃป ์ปดํผ๋‹ˆ, ์ฆ‰ ํ˜„์žฌ ์น˜ํ‚คํƒ€๋Š”
05:13
has lost its stranglehold on Latin American politics.
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๋ผํ‹ด ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์ •์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
But the modern banana industry isnโ€™t without problems.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์—๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
Cavendish bananas require frequent applications of pesticides
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์บ๋ฒˆ๋””์‹œ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋†์•ฝ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฟŒ๋ ค์ค˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:25
that create hazards for farmworkers and ecosystems.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
And though theyโ€™re resistant to the particular pathogen
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์…ธ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜์— ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค€ ํŠน์ • ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด์—๋Š” ์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:31
that affected Gros Michel bananas,
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05:33
Cavendish farms also lack biological diversity,
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์บ๋ฒˆ๋””์‹œ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜ ๋†์žฅ์—๋„ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์„œ
05:37
leaving the banana trade ripe for another pandemic.
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๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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