Why should you read Kurt Vonnegut? - Mia Nacamulli

1,354,516 views ・ 2018-11-29

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Minjeong Lee κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:06
Billy Pilgrim can’t sleep
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빌리 필그림은 μž μ— λ“€ 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:08
because he knows aliens will arrive to abduct him in one hour.
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ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ λ’€ 괴물이 집에 찾아와 μžμ‹ μ„ λ‚©μΉ˜ν•  것을 μ•Œκ±°λ“ μš”.
00:13
He knows the aliens are coming because he has become β€œunstuck” in time,
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λΉŒλ¦¬λŠ” 괴물이 μžμ‹ μ„ μ°Ύμ•„μ˜€λŠ” 이유λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ„ λ›°μ–΄λ„˜μœΌλ©°
00:18
causing him to experience events out of chronological order.
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μ‹œκ°„ μˆœμ„œμ— λ§žμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 일을 많이 κ²ͺμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
00:23
Over the course of Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-five,
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컀트 λ³΄λ‹ˆκ²ƒμ˜ μ†Œμ„€ 제5도살μž₯μ—μ„œ
00:27
he hops back and forth between a childhood trip to the Grand Canyon,
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λΉŒλ¦¬λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ›°μ–΄λ„˜μ–΄ μ–΄λ¦° μ‹œμ ˆ κ·Έλžœλ“œ μΊλ‹ˆμ–Έμ— 갔을 λ•Œλ‚˜
00:31
his life as a middle-aged optometrist,
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쀑년 μ‹œμ ˆ κ²€μ•ˆμ‚¬λ‘œ μΌν–ˆλ˜ μ‹œμ ˆλ‘œ μ΄λ™ν•˜κ³  μ€ν•˜κ³„ 동물원에 ν¬νšλμ„ λ•Œλ‚˜
00:34
his captivity in an intergalactic zoo,
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00:37
the humiliations he endured as a war prisoner, and more.
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μ „μŸ 포둜둜 κ΅΄μš•μ„ 견뎠던 λ•Œμ™€ 같은 μˆœκ°„μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
The title of Slaughterhouse-five and much of its source material
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제5도살μž₯의 제λͺ© 및 배경이 된 μžλ£Œλ“€μ€
00:45
came from Vonnegut’s own experiences in World War II.
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제 2μ°¨ μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „ λ‹Ήμ‹œ λ³΄λ‹ˆκ²ƒμ΄ 직접 κ²ͺμ—ˆλ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ—μ„œ 온 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
As a prisoner of war, he lived in a former slaughterhouse in Dresden,
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λ³΄λ‹ˆκ²ƒμ€ μ „μŸ ν¬λ‘œκ°€ λ˜μ–΄ λ“œλ ˆμŠ€λ΄μ˜ ꡬ 도살μž₯μ—μ„œ μ‚΄κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
where he took refuge in an underground meat locker
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μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” 연합ꡰ이 λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό ν­κ²©ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
00:57
while Allied forces bombed the city.
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μ§€ν•˜ κ³ κΈ° μ°½κ³  μ•ˆμ— ν”Όμ‹ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
When he and the other prisoners finally emerged,
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그와 λ‹€λ₯Έ μˆ˜κ°μžλ“€μ΄ λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ λ‚˜μ™€μ„œ
01:03
they found Dresden utterly demolished.
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λ“œλ ˆμŠ€λ΄μ΄ μ™„μ „νžˆ 파괴된 것을 λͺ©κ²©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
After the war, Vonnegut tried to make sense of human behavior
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μ „μŸ 직후 λ³΄λ‹ˆκ²ƒμ€ 인λ₯˜ν•™μ˜ 비정상적인 면을 κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λ©°
01:10
by studying an unusual aspect of anthropology:
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μΈκ°„μ˜ 행동을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
the shapes of stories,
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κ·Έκ°€ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆλ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ ν˜•μ‹λ“€μ€
01:15
which he insisted were just as interesting as the shapes of pots or spearheads.
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ν•­μ•„λ¦¬λ‚˜ 창의 λͺ¨μ–‘λ§ŒνΌμ΄λ‚˜ ν₯λ―Έλ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
To find the shape, he graphed the main character’s fortune
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λ³΄λ‹ˆκ²ƒμ€ κ·Έ λͺ¨μ–‘을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 주인곡의 μš΄μ„ κ·Έλž˜ν”„λ‘œ κ·Έλ ΈλŠ”λ°
01:24
from the beginning to the end of a story.
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μ²˜μŒλΆ€ν„° 이야기 λκΉŒμ§€ κ·Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
The zany curves he generated revealed common types of fairy tales and myths
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κ·Έκ°€ κ·Έλ¦° νŠΉμ΄ν•œ 곑선듀은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ¬Έν™” 속에 반영된
μš”μ • μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ‚˜ 신화와 곡톡적인 ν˜•μ‹μ„ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
that echo through many cultures.
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01:34
But this shape can be the most interesting of all.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 λͺ¨μ–‘μ˜ κ·Έλž˜ν”„κ°€ 단연코 κ°€μž₯ ν₯λ―Έλ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
In a story like this,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ꡬ쑰의 이야기 μ†μ—μ„œλŠ”
01:40
it’s impossible to distinguish the character’s good fortune from the bad.
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주인곡의 ν–‰μš΄κ³Ό λΆˆμš΄μ„ ꡬ별할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
Vonnegut thought this kind of story was the truest to real life,
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λ³΄λ‹ˆκ²ƒμ€ 이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 이야기가 ν˜„μ‹€μ„ μΆ©μ‹€νžˆ λ°˜μ˜ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
in which we are all the victims of a series of accidents,
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 일련의 μ‚¬κ±΄μ—μ„œ ν”Όν•΄μžκ°€ λ˜λŠ” ν˜„μ‹€μ—μ„œ 말이죠.
01:51
unable to predict how events will impact us long term.
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ν˜„μ‹€μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•œ μ–΄λ–€ 사건이
우리 삢에 κ²°κ΅­ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 영ν–₯을 미칠지 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 μ—†μ–΄μš”.
01:55
He found the tidy, satisfying arcs of many stories at odds with this reality,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν˜„μ‹€μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚ λ²•ν•œ μΌλ“€μ—μ„œ
κΉ”λ”ν•˜κ³  λ§Œμ‘±κ°μ„ μ£ΌλŠ” μš”μΈμ„ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
and he set out to explore the ambiguity
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κ·ΈλŠ” μž‘ν’ˆ μ•ˆμ— ν–‰μš΄κ³Ό 뢈운 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ λͺ¨ν˜Έν•¨μ„ νƒν—˜ν•˜λŠ” 과정을 λ…Ήμ—¬λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
between good and bad fortune in his own work.
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02:06
When Vonnegut ditched clear-cut fortunes,
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λ³΄λ‹ˆκ²ƒμ€ μ†Œμ„€ μ†μ—μ„œ λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ 정해진 ν–‰μš΄μ„ λ°°μ œν•˜κ³ 
02:09
he also abandoned straightforward chronology.
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사건을 μ‹œκ°„ 순으둜 λ‚˜μ—΄ν•˜λŠ” 방식도 λ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
Instead of proceeding tidily from beginning to end, in his stories
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λ³΄λ‹ˆκ²ƒμ˜ μ†Œμ„€μ€ μ²˜μŒλΆ€ν„° λκΉŒμ§€ μΌκ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜κΈ° λ³΄λ‹€λŠ”
02:16
β€œAll moments, past, present and future always have existed, always will exist.”
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"λͺ¨λ“  μˆœκ°„, κ³Όκ±°, ν˜„μž¬, λ―Έλž˜κ°€ 항상 κ³΅μ‘΄ν•˜λ©° μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„ 계속 곡쑴할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."
02:23
Tralfamadorians, the aliens who crop up in many of his books,
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그의 책에 자주 λ“±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” 외계인인 νŠΈλž„νŒŒλ§ˆλ„μ–΄μΈμ€
02:27
see all moments at once.
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λͺ¨λ“  μˆœκ°„μ„ ν•œ λ²ˆμ— λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
They β€œcan see where each star has been and where it is going,
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이듀은 각각의 별이 어디에 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©° μ–΄λ””λ‘œ ν˜λŸ¬κ°€λŠ”μ§€ λ³Ό 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:33
so that the heavens are filled with rarefied, luminous spaghetti.”
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μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ˜μ€ 마치 멀리 λΉ›λ‚˜λŠ” μŠ€νŒŒκ²Œν‹°μ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
But although they can see all of time,
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외계인듀은 λͺ¨λ“  μ‹œκ°„μ„ ν•œ λ²ˆμ— λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŒμ—λ„
02:40
they don’t try to change the course of events.
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μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈλ €κ³  ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
While the Trafalmadorians may be at peace with their lack of agency,
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주인 μ˜μ‹μ΄ μ—†λŠ” νŠΈλž„νŒŒλ§ˆλ„μ–΄μΈλ“€μ€ ν‰ν™”λ‘­κ²Œ μ§€λ‚΄λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
02:47
Vonnegut’s human characters are still getting used to it.
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λ³΄λ‹ˆκ²ƒ μ†Œμ„€μ˜ 인간 주인곡은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 상황에 적응해 λ‚˜κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
In The Sirens of Titan,
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νƒ€μ΄νƒ„μ˜ μš”λ…€μ—μ„œ
02:53
when they seek the meaning of life in the vastness of the universe,
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인간듀은 κ΄‘ν™œν•œ μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ μ‚Άμ˜ 의미λ₯Ό 찾고자 ν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜
02:57
they find nothing but β€œempty heroics, low comedy, and pointless death.”
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"κ³΅ν—ˆν•œ μ˜μ›…λ“€, μ €μ†ν•œ 희극, μ˜λ―Έμ—†λŠ” 죽음" μ™Έμ—λŠ” λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
Then, from their vantage point within a β€œchrono-synclastic infundibulum,”
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ν•œ λ‚¨μžμ™€ 그의 κ°•μ•„μ§€λŠ” "μ‹œκ°„μ˜ λ™μ‹œμ  κ΅¬ν˜• κΉ”λ•ŒκΈ°" μ•ˆμ—μ„œ
03:07
a man and his dog see devastating futures for their earthly counterparts,
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λ―Έλž˜μ— μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ 세상이 파괴될 κ²ƒμž„μ„ μ•Œκ²Œ 되죠.
03:12
but can’t change the course of events.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ°”κΏ€ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
Though there aren’t easy answers available, they eventually conclude
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닡을 내리기 어렀움에도 이듀은 λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ μ‚Άμ˜ λͺ©μ μ΄
03:18
that the purpose of life is β€œto love whoever is around to be loved.”
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μ‚¬λž‘λ°›κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  것듀을 μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜λŠ” 것이라고 κ²°λ‘ μ§€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
In Cat’s Cradle, Vonnegut’s characters turn to a different source of meaning:
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고양이 μš”λžŒμ—μ„œλŠ” μ£ΌμΈκ³΅λ“€μ˜ μ£Όμ œκ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ°”λ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
Bokonism,
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λ³΄μ½”λ…Έλ‹ˆμ¦˜μ΄μ£ .
03:29
a religion based on harmless lies that all its adherents recognize as lies.
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λ³΄μ½”λ…Έλ‹ˆμ¦˜μ€ μ„ μ˜μ˜ 거짓말에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ μ’…κ΅λ‘œμ„œ
이 μ’…κ΅μ—μ„œλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  집착듀을 κ±°μ§“μœΌλ‘œ μΈμ‹ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
Though they’re aware of Bokonism’s lies,
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λ³΄μ½”λ…Έλ‹ˆμ¦˜μ˜ 거짓을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ”λΌλ„
03:38
they live their lives by these tenets anyway,
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이듀은 신념에 따라 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œλ“  μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λ©° μˆœμˆ˜ν•œ 희망을 μ–»κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
and in so doing develop some genuine hope.
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03:44
They join together in groups called Karasses, which consist of people we
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이듀은 카라슀라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 집단에 ν•©λ₯˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이듀은 μš°μ—°νžˆ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ 자발적 선택에 μ˜ν•΄ λͺ¨μΈ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
β€œfind by accident but […] stick with by choice”—
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03:51
cosmically linked around a shared purpose.
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κ³΅λ™μ˜ λͺ©μ μ„ 톡해 μ‘°ν™”λ‘­κ²Œ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ 있죠.
03:54
These are not to be confused with Granfalloons,
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이듀은 κ·ΈλžœνŒ”λ£¬κ³Ό λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
groups of people who appoint significance to actually meaningless associations,
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κ·ΈλžœνŒ”λ£¬μ€ 의미 μ—†λŠ” 무리λ₯Ό μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μ£ .
04:02
like where you grew up, political parties, and even entire nations.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μžλž€ κ³³μ΄λ‚˜ μ •λ‹Ή λ˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  ꡭ가와 같은 무리 λ§μ˜ˆμš”.
04:08
Though he held a bleak view of the human condition, Vonnegut believed strongly that
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λ³΄λ‹ˆκ²ƒμ€ μΈκ°„μ˜ 쑰건에 λŒ€ν•΄ 뢀정적인 μ‹œκ°μ„ κ°–κ³  μžˆμŒμ—λ„
04:12
β€œwe are all here to help each other get through this thing, whatever it is."
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"그것이 무엇이든 이λ₯Ό 톡해 μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό λ„μšΈ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€." 라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
We might get pooped and demoralized,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ§€μΉ˜κ³  ν˜Όλž€μ„ λŠλ‚„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
04:19
but Vonnegut interspersed his grim assessments
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λ³΄λ‹ˆκ²ƒμ€ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ—„κ²©ν•œ 평가λ₯Ό λͺ‡ 가지 희망 사이에 λΌμ›Œλ„£μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
with more than a few morsels of hope.
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04:25
His fictional alter ego, Kilgore Trout, supplied this parable:
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μ†Œμ„€ μ†μ—μ„œ κ·Έλ₯Ό λŒ€λ³€ν•˜λŠ” 인물인
킬고어 νŠΈλΌμš°νŠΈλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μš°ν™”λ₯Ό λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
two yeast sat β€œdiscussing the possible purposes of life
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두 개의 효λͺ¨ 빡이 μ•‰μ•„μ„œ
"μ‚Άμ˜ λͺ©μ μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ…Όν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
as they ate sugar and suffocated in their own excrement.
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섀탕을 λ¨Ήκ³  λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ°°μΆœν•΄λ‚΄λ©΄μ„œ 말이죠.
04:39
Because of their limited intelligence,
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μ΄λ“€μ˜ 지λŠ₯은 μ œν•œμ μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:41
they never came close to guessing that they were making champagne.”
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μžμ‹ λ“€μ΄ μƒ΄νŽ˜μΈμ„ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀은 깨닫지 λͺ»ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."
04:46
In spite of his insistence that we’re all here to fart around,
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λ³΄λ‹ˆκ²ƒμ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έμ € 빈λ‘₯거리기 μœ„ν•΄ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬λ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λ©°
04:49
in spite of his deep concerns about the course of human existence,
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인간 쑴재의 과정에 λŒ€ν•΄ 걱정을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
04:53
Vonnegut also advanced the possibility, however slim,
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λ³΄μž˜κ²ƒ μ—†λŠ” 쑴재인 μš°λ¦¬λ„ κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 쒋은 것을
04:57
that we might end up making something good.
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λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:00
And if that isn’t nice, what is?
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이보닀 멋진 일이 μ–΄λ”” μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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