Hacking bacteria to fight cancer - Tal Danino

408,011 views ใƒป 2019-12-10

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jina LEE ๊ฒ€ํ† : Eunice Yunjung Nam
00:05
In 1884, a patientโ€™s luck seemed to go from bad to worse.
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1884๋…„, ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์šด์€ ์ ์  ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
This patient had a rapidly growing cancer in his neck,
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์ด ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ชฉ์—๋Š” ์•”์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํผ์กŒ๊ณ ,
00:14
and then came down with an unrelated bacterial skin infection.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์„ธ๊ท ์„ฑ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
But soon, something unexpected happened:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณง, ๋œป๋ฐ–์˜ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
as he recovered from the infection, the cancer also began to recede.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ์—์„œ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์•”๋„ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:26
When a physician named William Coley tracked the patient down 7 years later,
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์˜์‚ฌ ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ์ฝœ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 7๋…„ ํ›„์— ์ด ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ถ”์  ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
00:31
no visible signs of the cancer remained.
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์•”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ง•ํ›„๋„ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
00:34
Coley believed something remarkable was happening:
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์ฝœ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
00:37
that the bacterial infection had stimulated the patientโ€™s immune system
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜์—ฌ
00:41
to fight off the cancer.
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์•”์„ ํ‡ด์น˜์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:43
Coleyโ€™s fortunate discovery led him to pioneer
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์ฝœ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ๋•๋ถ„์— ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ
00:46
the intentional injection of bacteria to successfully treat cancer.
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์ฃผ์ž…ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋๊ณ , ์•”์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Over a century later, synthetic biologists have found an even better way
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ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ข…์–‘์— ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง์ ‘ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก
00:55
to use these once unlikely alliesโ€”
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ,
00:58
by programming them to safely deliver drugs directly to tumors.
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ํ•œ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋˜ ์ด ๋™๋งน์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
Cancer occurs when normal functions of cells are altered,
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์•”์€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜์–ด ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฆ์‹ ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ
01:07
causing them to rapidly multiply and form growths called tumors.
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์ข…์–‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
Treatments like radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ , ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•, ๋ฉด์—ญ์š”๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์€
01:16
attempt to kill malignant cells, but can affect the entire body
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์•…์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ชธ ์ „์ฒด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ
01:20
and disrupt healthy tissues in the process.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ต๋ž€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
However, some bacteria like E. coli
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ท ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š”
01:26
have the unique advantage of being able to selectively grow inside tumors.
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์ข…์–‘ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
In fact, the core of a tumor forms an ideal environment
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ข…์–‘์˜ ํ•ต์€ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์„ธํฌ์— ์ˆจ์–ด์„œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:35
where they can safely multiply, hidden from immune cells.
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์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Instead of causing infection,
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ,
01:41
bacteria can be reprogrammed to carry cancer-fighting drugs,
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๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ข…์–‘์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋กœ์ด ๋ชฉ๋งˆ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:45
acting as Trojan Horses that target the tumor from within.
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์•”๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ๋˜์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
This idea of programming bacteria to sense and respond in novel ways
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก
01:54
is a major focus of a field called Synthetic Biology.
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
But how can bacteria be programmed?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
02:01
The key lies in manipulating their DNA.
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ DNA๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
By inserting particular genetic sequences into bacteria,
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ํŠน์ • ์œ ์ „์ž ์„œ์—ด์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ,
02:08
they can be instructed to synthesize different molecules,
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์•”์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ
02:11
including those that disrupt cancer growth.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง€์‹œ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
They can also be made to behave in very specific ways
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
02:18
with the help of biological circuits.
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์ž‘๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
These program different behaviors depending on the presence, absence,
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ์กด์žฌ, ๋ถ€์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์š”์ธ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
02:25
or combination of certain factors.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
For example, tumors have low oxygen and pH levels
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ข…์–‘์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์™€ pH๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
02:31
and over-produce specific molecules.
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ํŠน์ • ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ๊ณผ์ž‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
Synthetic biologists can program bacteria to sense those conditions,
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ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจํ•˜์—ฌ
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
and by doing so, respond to tumors while avoiding healthy tissue.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข…์–‘์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
One type of biological circuit,
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๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋œ ์šฉํ•ด ํšŒ๋กœ(SLC)๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š”
02:46
known as a synchronized lysis circuit, or SLC,
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02:50
allows bacteria to not only deliver medicine,
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:53
but to do so on a set schedule.
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์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์ผ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
First, to avoid harming healthy tissue,
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:58
production of anti-cancer drugs begins as bacteria grow,
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ํ•ญ์•”์ œ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:02
which only happens within the tumor itself.
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์ด๋Š” ์ข…์–‘ ์ž์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Next, after theyโ€™ve produced the drugs,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•ญ์•”์ œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ ํ›„
03:07
a kill-switch causes the bacteria to burst
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์ž‘๋™ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ž„๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด
03:10
when they reach a critical population threshold.
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์—ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
This both releases the medicine and decreases the bacteriaโ€™s population.
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์ด๋Š” ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
However, a certain percentage of the bacteria remain alive
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํŠน์ • ๋น„์œจ์˜ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
to replenish the colony.
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03:24
Eventually their numbers grow large enough to trigger the kill switch again,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ์ž‘๋™ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‹น๊ธธ๋งŒํผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:28
and the cycle continues.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
This circuit can be fine-tuned to deliver drugs
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์ด ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ์•”๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก
03:33
on whatever periodic schedule is best to fight the cancer.
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๋ฏธ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
This approach has proven promising in scientific trials using mice.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์œ ํšจํ•จ์ด ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
Not only were scientists able to successfully eliminate lymphoma tumors
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฆผํ”„์ข… ์ข…์–‘์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:46
injected with bacteria,
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์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฅ ์†์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
03:48
but the injection also stimulated the immune system,
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03:51
priming immune cells to identify and attack untreated lymphomas
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๋ฆผํ”„์ข…์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ฉด์—ญ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๋Š”
03:55
elsewhere in the mouse.
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๋ฉด์—ญ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
Unlike many other therapies,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์•”์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:59
bacteria donโ€™t target a specific type of cancer,
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04:02
but rather the general characteristics shared by all solid tumors.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ ํ˜• ์ข…์–‘์ด ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
Nor are programmable bacteria limited to simply fighting cancer.
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์•”๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
Instead, they can serve as sophisticated sensors
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๋Š”
04:14
that monitor sites of future disease.
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์ •๊ตํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
Safe probiotic bacteria could perhaps lie dormant within our guts,
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ์žฅ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํœด๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
04:22
where theyโ€™d detect, prevent, and treat disorders
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์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
04:25
before they have the chance to cause symptoms.
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์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Advances in technology have created excitement around a future
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ด‡์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธํ™”๋œ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์˜
04:31
of personalized medicine driven by mechanical nanobots.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฅ๋ถ„์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
But thanks to billions of years of evolution
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋…„์˜ ์ง„ํ™” ๋•๋ถ„์—
04:38
we may already have a starting point
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์„
04:40
in the unexpectedly biological form of bacteria.
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์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
Add synthetic biology to the mix,
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ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์— ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ด ๋”ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด,
04:46
and who knows what might soon be possible.
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๊ณง ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ์งˆ์ง€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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