The Japanese folktale of the selfish scholar - Iseult Gillespie

2,380,629 views ・ 2020-09-14

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:06
In ancient Kyoto, a devout Shinto scholar lived a simple life,
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μ˜›λ‚  ꡐ토에 ν•œ 신도 μŠΉλ €κ°€ λ‹¨μΆœν•œ μƒν™œμ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
00:11
but he was often distracted from his prayers by the bustling city.
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λ§ˆμ„μ˜ λ²ˆμž‘ν•œ μ†Œλ¦¬ 탓에 자주 기도에 집쀑할 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
He felt that his neighbors were polluting his soul,
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ§ˆμ„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ˜ν˜Όμ„ λ”λŸ½νžˆκ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
and he sought to perform some kind of personal haraeβ€”
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” 개인적으둜 β€˜ν•˜λΌμ—β€™λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
a purification ritual that would cleanse his body and his mind.
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ν•˜λΌμ—λŠ” λͺΈκ³Ό 정신을 깨끗이 ν•˜λŠ” μ •ν™” μ˜μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
He decided to travel to the revered Hie Shrine.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ‹ μ„±ν•œ νžˆμ— 사원에 κ°€κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
The trip was an arduous climb that took all day.
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μ˜¨μ’…μΌ κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ” 길은 κ³ λ˜μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
00:35
But he was glad for the solitude it afforded him,
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κ·ΈλŠ” κ³ λ…ν•œ μ‹œκ°„μ„ 즐겼고
00:39
and the peace he felt upon returning home was profound.
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λŒμ•„μ˜€λŠ” 길이 μ£ΌλŠ” ν‰ν™”λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ‹¬μ˜€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
The scholar was determined to maintain this clarity for as long as possible,
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μŠΉλ €λŠ” 맑은 정신을 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν•œ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ κ°„μ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
and resolved to make this pilgrimage another 99 times.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 μˆœλ‘€λ₯Ό 99번 더 ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ λ‹€μ§ν–ˆμ£ .
00:53
He would walk the path alone, ignoring any distractions in his quest for balance,
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ν™€λ‘œ 길을 κ±·κ³ 
μ‘°ν™”λ₯Ό ννŠΈλŸ¬νŠΈλ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 것에도 λ§ˆμŒμ„ 뺏기지 μ•Šμ•˜κ³ 
00:58
and never straying from his purpose.
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λͺ©ν‘œμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
The man was true to his word, and as days stretched into weeks,
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μŠΉλ €λŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ 말에 μΆ©μ‹€ν–ˆκ³  며칠은 λͺ‡ μ£Όκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
he walked through driving rain and searing sun.
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λͺ°μ•„μΉ˜λŠ” 빗속을 κ±·κ³  뜨거운 ν–‡μ‚΄ μ•„λž˜λ₯Ό κ±Έμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
Over time, his devotion revealed the invisible world of spirits
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ν—Œμ‹ μ μΈ λ…Έλ ₯ 끝에 그의 λˆˆμ•žμ—λŠ” 영혼의 세계가 보이기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
which exists alongside our own.
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€ μ˜†μ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” μ„Έμƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
01:17
He began to sense the kami, which animated the rocks underfoot,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ‹ μ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό 느끼게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
신은 λ°œμ•„λž˜μ—μ„œ μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 돌둜, μ—΄κΈ°λ₯Ό μ‹ν˜€μ£ΌλŠ” μ‹œμ›ν•œ λ°”λžŒμœΌλ‘œ,
01:21
the breeze that cooled him, and the animals grazing in the fields.
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λ“€νŒμ—μ„œ 풀을 λœ―λŠ” λ™λ¬Όμ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
Still he spoke to no one, spirit or human.
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ κ·ΈλŠ” μ˜ν˜Όμ΄λ“ , 인간이든 λˆ„κ΅¬μ™€λ„ 말을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
He was determined to avoid contact with those who had strayed
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길을 λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜ λ°©ν™©ν•˜λ©° λΆ€μ •μœΌλ‘œ λ”λŸ½ν˜€μ§„ 것듀과 λ§ˆμ£ΌμΉ˜λŠ” 것을
01:33
from the path and become polluted with kegare.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ‹¨ν˜Έν•˜κ²Œ ν”Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
This taboo of defilement hung over the sick and deceased,
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λ³‘μžμ™€ λ§μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 이런 뢀정함이 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
01:42
as well as those who defiled the land or committed violent crimes.
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땅을 λ”λŸ½νžˆκ±°λ‚˜ 죄λ₯Ό 지은 이듀도 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 뢀정함을 μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
Of all of the threats to the scholar’s quest for spiritual purity,
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영적인 μˆœκ²°μ„ μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μŠΉλ €μ—κ²Œ
01:51
kegare was by far the greatest.
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μΌ€κ°€λ ˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ ν”Όν•΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
After paying his respects for the 80th time,
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μ—¬λ“  번째 μˆœλ‘€λ₯Ό 마친 후에
01:57
he set out for home once more.
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μŠΉλ €λŠ” λ‹€μ‹œ μ§‘μœΌλ‘œ ν–₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
But as darkness fell, he heard strained sobs in the night air.
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그런데 어둠이 λ‚΄λ¦° ν›„, 밀곡기 μ†μ—μ„œ μ•“λŠ” λ“―ν•œ νλŠλ‚Œ μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ λ“€λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
The scholar tried to push forward and ignore the moans.
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μŠΉλ €λŠ” κ·Έ μ‹ μŒ μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜κ³  계속 κ±Έμ–΄κ°€λ €κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
But the desperate cries overwhelmed him.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ°„μ ˆν•œ μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έλ₯Ό νœ˜κ°μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
Grimacing, he left his path to follow the sound to its source.
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μŠΉλ €λŠ” 얼꡴을 μ°Œν‘Έλ¦¬λ©΄μ„œ μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ λ‚˜λŠ” μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
He soon came to a cramped cottage, with a woman crumpled outside.
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곧 μž‘μ€ 집 λ°–μ—μ„œ μ—Žμ–΄μ Έ μžˆλŠ” μ—¬μžλ₯Ό λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
Filled with pity, the scholar implored the woman to share her sorrow.
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μŠΉλ €λŠ” μ•ˆνƒ€κΉŒμš΄ λ§ˆμŒμ— μŠ¬νΌν•˜λŠ” 이유λ₯Ό λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
She explained that her mother had just diedβ€”
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ°€ 방금 λŒμ•„κ°€μ…¨λŠ”λ°
02:32
but no one would help her with the burial.
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아무도 μž₯λ‘€λ₯Ό 도와주지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
At that news, his heart sank.
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κ·Έ 이야기λ₯Ό λ“£κ³  κ·ΈλŠ” κ°€μŠ΄μ΄ 철렁 λ‚΄λ €μ•‰μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
Touching the body would defile his spirit,
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μ‹œμ‹ μ— 손을 λŒ€λ©΄ 그의 정신은 λ”λŸ½ν˜€μ§ˆ 것이고
02:41
draining his life force and leaving him forsaken by the kami.
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생λͺ…λ ₯이 고갈되고, μ‹ μ—κ²Œ 버림받을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
But as he listened to her cries, his sympathy soared.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬μ— 마음이 λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ μ•„νŒ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
And so, they buried the old woman together,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” ν•¨κ»˜ μ‹œμ‹ μ„ 묻고
02:54
to ensure her safe passage into the spirit world.
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μ €μŠΉμœΌλ‘œ 잘 λ– λ‚  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
The burial was complete, but the taboo of death weighed heavily on the scholar.
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μž₯λ‘€λŠ” λ§ˆμ³€μ§€λ§Œ μŠΉλ €λŠ” 금기λ₯Ό κΉ¨μ„œ 마음이 λ¬΄κ±°μ›Œμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
How could he have been so foolish,
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β€™μ™œ 이런 어리석은 짓을 ν•΄μ„œ
03:06
to shirk his most important rule and corrupt his divine journey?
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ·œμœ¨μ„ μ–΄κΈ°κ³  μ‹ μ„±ν•œ μˆœλ‘€κΈΈμ„ λ§μ³€μ„κΉŒ?β€²
03:11
After a tormented night,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ κ³ ν†΅μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 밀을 보내고
03:13
he resolved to go back to the shrine to cleanse himself.
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μ •ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μ›μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€μ‹œ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
To his surprise, the usually quiet temple was filled with people,
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λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ 늘 μ‘°μš©ν•˜λ˜ μ ˆμ— μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ°€λ“ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
all gathering around a medium who communicated directly with the kami.
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그듀은 μ‹ κ³Ό 직접 λŒ€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 영맀의 μ£Όμœ„μ— λͺ¨μ—¬μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
The man hid himself, not daring approach in case anyone glimpse his polluted soul.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λΆˆκ²°ν•œ μ˜ν˜Όμ„ λ“€ν‚¬κΉŒ μ‹Άμ–΄ 감히 닀가가지 λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μˆ¨μ–΄λ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
But the medium had other ways of seeing, and called him forward from the crowd.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ˜λ§€λŠ” 그의 쑴재λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 였라고 λΆˆλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
Ready to be forsaken, the scholar approached the holy woman.
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μŠΉλ €λŠ” μ‹ μ—κ²Œ 버림받을 각였λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  λ‹€κ°€κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
But the medium merely smiled.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ˜λ§€λŠ” λ―Έμ†Œλ§Œ μ§€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
She took his impure hand in hers,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 그의 λΆˆκ²°ν•œ 손을 작고
03:49
and whispered a blessing only he could hearβ€”
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μž‘μ€ μ†Œλ¦¬λ‘œ 좕볡을 λΉŒμ–΄μ£Όλ©΄μ„œ
03:53
thanking him for his kindness.
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그의 배렀에 κ³ λ§ˆμ›€μ„ μ „ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
In that moment, the scholar discovered a great spiritual secret:
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κ·Έ μˆœκ°„ μŠΉλ €λŠ” μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 영적 비밀을 κΉ¨λ‹«κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
contamination and corruption are two very different things.
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행동과 μ •μ‹ μ˜ λΆˆκ²°ν•¨μ€ μ„œλ‘œ μ•„μ£Ό λ‹€λ₯΄λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
Filled with insight, the scholar set himself back on his journey.
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λ§Žμ€ κΉ¨λ‹¬μŒμ„ μ–»κ³  μŠΉλ €λŠ” λ‹€μ‹œ 길을 λ– λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” κ°€λ˜ 길을 λ©ˆμΆ”κ³  λ§Œλ‚˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
But this time, he stopped to help those he met.
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04:14
He began to see the beauty of the spirit world everywhere he went,
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κ°€λŠ” κ³³λ§ˆλ‹€ κ·ΈλŠ” μ •μ‹  μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 아름닀움을 보기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
even in the city he'd previously shunned.
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심지어 μ΄μ „μ—λŠ” λ©€λ¦¬ν–ˆλ˜ λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œλ„ κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
Others cautioned that he risked kegareβ€”
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μ–΄λ–€ 이듀은 μΌ€κ°€λ ˆλ₯Ό λ²”ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  주의λ₯Ό μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
but he never told them why he so freely mingled
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ·ΈλŠ” λ³‘μžλ‚˜ μž₯μ• μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ±°λ¦¬λ‚Œ 없이 도움을 μ£ΌλŠ” 이유λ₯Ό
04:26
with the sick and disadvantaged.
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μ•„λ¬΄μ—κ²Œλ„ 말해주지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
For he knew that people could only truly understand harae
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μžμ‹ μ˜ 여정을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œλ§Œ
ν•˜λΌμ—λ₯Ό μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ 깨달을 수 μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œμ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
through a journey of their own.
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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