How one of the most profitable companies in history rose to power - Adam Clulow

848,186 views ใƒป 2021-12-09

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yunjung Cho ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seongjae Hwang
00:08
During the 17th century,
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17์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ,
00:09
the three letters โ€œVOCโ€ formed the worldโ€™s most recognizable logo.
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โ€˜VOCโ€™ ์„ธ ๊ธ€์ž๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋กœ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
These initials belonged to the Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie,
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์ด๋Š” โ€˜๋ฒ ๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ๊ทธ๋ฐ ์˜ค์Šคํ‹ด๋””์…ฐ ์ฝคํŒŒ๋‹ˆโ€™์˜ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…œ๋กœ
00:19
or the Dutch East India Companyโ€”
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ๋™์ธ๋„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์นญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
widely considered the most profitable corporation ever created.
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์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ด์œค์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:25
Starting in 1602, it cornered the booming spice market
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1602๋…„ ์„ค๋ฆฝ ์ดํ›„, ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ธ‰์†ํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋˜ ํ–ฅ์‹ ๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•ด
00:29
and pioneered trade routes between Asia and Europe.
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์•„์‹œ์•„์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฌด์—ญ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
But such success came with an overwhelming cost in human life.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆซ์ž์˜ ์ธ๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
When the Dutch state created the Company,
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ,
00:40
it granted the organization the power to wage war,
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ณ ,
00:44
conduct diplomacy, and seize colonies throughout Asia.
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์™ธ๊ต ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ ,
์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
The Dutch East India Company was intended to make money
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ๋™์ธ๋„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ณ 
00:52
and battle competing European empires.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ œ๊ตญ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฌ์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
The Asian market was the largest at the time
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์•„์‹œ์•„ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ
00:58
and spices were in great demand throughout Europe.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ „์—ญ์— ํ–ฅ์‹ ๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
Nutmeg was among the most precious.
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์œก๋‘๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ท€ํ•œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:03
But it was only cultivated on Indonesiaโ€™s Banda Islands.
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์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋‹ค ์ œ๋„์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
If Dutch officials could seize exclusive control over nutmeg,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ๋™์ธ๋„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์œก๋‘๊ตฌ์˜ ๋…์ ๊ถŒ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:11
they'd make their investors rich,
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ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
01:13
ensure the Companyโ€™s long-term survival
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
01:15
and deprive their adversaries of the same gains.
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์ต์„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆํ•ด ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
However, their plan hinged on the submission of the Bandanese people.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ณ„ํš์€ ๋ฐ˜๋‹ค ์ œ๋„ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
This was something Company officials, like the ruthless Jan Pieterszoon Coen,
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๋ฌด์ž๋น„ํ•œ ์–€ ํ”ผ์—ํ…Œ๋ฅด์† ์ฝ”์—”์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž„์›๋“ค์€ ์œก๋‘๊ตฌ ๋…์ ๊ถŒ์„
01:28
were willing to go to great lengths to ensure.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Home to around 15,000 people,
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15000 ์—ฌ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ด์—ˆ๋˜
01:33
the Banda Islands were composed of village confederations
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๋ฐ˜๋‹ค ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:37
controlled by rich men called orang kaya, who were expert traders.
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์ „๋ฌธ ๋ฌด์—ญ์—…์ž์ธ โ€˜์˜ค๋ž‘ ์นด์•ผโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์ด ํ†ต์น˜ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
They'd retained their virtual monopoly over nutmeg for centuries,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์œก๋‘๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋…์ ํ•ด์™”๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:45
selling at the highest price to Asian and European merchants.
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์•„์‹œ์•„์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ƒ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ต์—ญํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ํŒ๋งคํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
When the Dutch East India Company arrived in the early 1600s,
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1600๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ, ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ๋™์ธ๋„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋‹ค ์ œ๋„์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
01:53
its officials persuaded a group of orang kaya to sign a treaty.
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์„ ์›๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋ž‘ ์นด์•ผ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋“ํ•ด ์กฐ์•ฝ์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
It guaranteed protection in exchange for monopoly rights to their nutmeg.
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์กฐ์•ฝ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋‹ค ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ์œก๋‘๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋…์ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Bandanese leaders had made similar agreements before,
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๋ฐ˜๋‹ค ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์กฐ์•ฝ์„ ๋งบ์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜,
02:05
but were able to break them without serious consequences.
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์กฐ์•ฝ์„ ๊นจ๋„ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
The Dutch represented a new threat.
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ์„ ์›๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
They attempted to build forts to control trade and stop smuggling,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ต์—ญ์˜ ํ†ต์ œ์™€ ๋ฐ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์š”์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
02:16
and insisted that all nutmeg be sold to them at deflated prices.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ” ๋•Œ๋Š” ์œก๋‘๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ํŒ”๋ผ๊ณ  ์šฐ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
Many Bandanese refused and relations continued to deteriorate.
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๋งŽ์€ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ ์  ์•…ํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
In 1609, a group of villagers ambushed and killed a Dutch admiral and 40 of his men.
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1609๋…„, ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด ๊ธฐ์Šต์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด
๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ์ œ๋…๊ณผ 40๋ช…์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
Over the next decade, tensions escalated as treaties were broken and re-signed.
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์ดํ›„ 10๋…„๊ฐ„, ์กฐ์•ฝ์„ ๋งบ๊ณ  ํŒŒ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ
๊ธด์žฅ์€ ์ ์  ๊ณ ์กฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
The Company and Jan Pieterszoon Coen, its Governor-General,
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ๋™์ธ๋„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ˜„์ง€ ์ด๋… ์–€ ํ”ผ์—ํ…Œ๋ฅด์† ์ฝ”์—”์€
02:42
began considering new strategies.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
The Bandanese, one official wrote,
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์ž„์›์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„
02:46
should be โ€œbrought to reason or entirely exterminated.โ€
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โ€˜์ž˜ ์•Œ์•„๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „๋ถ€ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ ค์•ผ๋งŒโ€™ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:50
Coen himself believed that there could be no trade without war.
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์ฝ”์—” ์ž์‹ ์€ ์ „์Ÿ ์—†๋Š” ๊ต์—ญ์€ ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
In 1621, with the approval of his superiors,
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๊ทธ๋Š” 1621๋…„, ์ƒ๊ด€์˜ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ž˜,
02:58
he staged a massive invasion and made Bandanese leaders sign another document.
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์นจ๋žต์„ ๋ฒŒ์—ฌ
๋ฐ˜๋‹ค ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„œ๋ฅ˜์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
But this time, the terms didnโ€™t recognize the Bandanese as a sovereign peopleโ€”
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์กฐ์•ฝ์€ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ž๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
they were the Dutch East India Companyโ€™s colonial subjects.
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์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ๋™์ธ๋„ ์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์ข…์†๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
Soon, Dutch officials claimed they'd detected a conspiracy against them.
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๊ณง, ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ์„ ์›๋“ค์€ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ž€์„ ๋ชจ์˜ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:17
Coen used this to eliminate further resistance.
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ช…๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”์—” ์ด๋…์€ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
He ordered his soldiers to torture Bandanese leaders to extract confessions.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋“ค์„ ์‹œ์ผœ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ•ด ์ž๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
Over the following months,
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์›”์— ๊ฑธ์ณ,
03:26
Company troops waged a brutal campaign that decimated the population.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์šฉ๋ณ‘๋“ค์€ ์„ฌ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ํ•™์‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ž‘์ „์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
Many Bandanese people were starved to death or enslaved
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๋งŽ์€ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๊ตถ์–ด ์ฃฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
03:34
and sent to distant Dutch colonies.
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€๋“ค๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
Others jumped from cliffs rather than surrender.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ณต ๋Œ€์‹  ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
Thousands fled, emptying out whole villages.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด ๋‹ฌ์•„๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ์˜จ ๋งˆ์„์ด ๋น„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
Some survivors resettled on other islands,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ƒ์กด์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฌ์— ์ •์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ
03:46
where they preserved remnants of Bandanese language and culture.
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๋ฐ˜๋‹ค ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
When the Companyโ€™s violent campaign was over,
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์ด ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ž‘์ „์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”,
03:52
the indigenous population had plummeted to less than a thousand,
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ํ† ์ฐฉ๋ฏผ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฐํ•ด 1000๋ช…๋„ ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ,
03:56
most of whom were enslaved.
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์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
The Dutch East India Company sliced the islands into plantations
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ๋™์ธ๋„ ์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋†์žฅ์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ฌ์„ ์กฐ๊ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๊ณ 
04:02
and imported an enslaved workforce.
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๋…ธ์˜ˆ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
It was, by many measures, an act of genocide.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ด๋„ ์ธ์ข… ํ•™์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
By securing this global monopoly over nutmeg,
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ๋™์ธ๋„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์œก๋‘๊ตฌ ๋…์ ๊ถŒ์„ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ,
04:11
the Company supercharged its economic development,
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
04:14
contributing to the Dutch Golden Age.
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Although Coen faced criticism,
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์ฝ”์—” ์ด๋…์€ ๋น„ํŒ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋‚˜,
04:18
he was celebrated as a national hero well into the 20th century.
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ›Œ์ฉ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์˜์›…์œผ๋กœ ์นญ์†ก๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
400 years after the massacre on Banda,
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๋ฐ˜๋‹ค ์ œ๋„ ํ•™์‚ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ง€ 400๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ,
04:26
Coenโ€™s statue still stands in the city of Hoornโ€”
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ฝ”์—”์˜ ๋™์ƒ์ด ์„œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
despite mounting pressure for its removal.
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์ฒ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์••๋ฐ•์ด ์ปค์ ธ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
Coen and the Dutch East India Company brought a prized commodity
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์ฝ”์—” ์ด๋…๊ณผ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ๋™์ธ๋„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์œก๋‘๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„
04:36
under their control and profits soared.
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ํ†ต์ œ ํ•˜์— ๋‘์–ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
But they achieved this by violently tearing another society apart.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง๊ฐ€ํŠธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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