How much land does it take to power the world?

480,764 views ใƒป 2021-03-16

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Grace Choi ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:07
No matter how we make electricity, it takes up space.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋“  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
Electricity from coal requires mines, and plants to burn it
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์„ํƒ„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ด‘์‚ฐ๊ณผ
์„ํƒ„์„ ํƒœ์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์—ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
and convert the heat into electricity.
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00:18
Nuclear power takes uranium mines, facilities to refine the uranium,
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์›์ž๋ ฅ์€ ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„์„ ์ •์ œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์‹œ์„ค,
00:22
a reactor, and a place to store the spent fuel safely.
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์›์ž๋กœ, ๋‹ค ์“ด ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•  ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
Renewable energy needs wind turbines or solar panels.
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์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
How much space depends on the power source.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์›์ฒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
Say you wanted to power a 10-watt light bulb with fossil fuels like coal.
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์„ํƒ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ 10์™€ํŠธ ์ „๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:38
Fossil fuels can produce up to 2,000 watts per square meter,
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋Š” 1 ์ œ๊ณฑ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 2,000์™€ํŠธ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
so it would only take a credit card-sized chunk of land to power the light bulb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ „๊ตฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋ ค๋ฉด ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋•…๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
With nuclear power, you might only need an area
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์›์ž๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋•…๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
about the size of the palms of your hands.
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00:53
With solar power, youโ€™d need at least 0.3 square meters of landโ€”
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํžˆ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ ์–ด๋„ 0.3์ œ๊ณฑ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๋•…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
twice the size of a cafeteria tray.
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์นดํŽ˜ ์Ÿ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
Wind power would take roughly 7 square metersโ€”
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ํ’๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆผ์žก์•„ 7์ œ๊ณฑ๋ฏธํ„ฐ,
01:05
about half the size of a parking spaceโ€” to power the bulb.
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์ „๊ตฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์ฐจ ์นธ์˜ ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
When you consider the space needed to power cities, countries,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋„์‹œ, ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด
01:13
and the whole world, it adds up fast.
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์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Today, the world uses 3 trillion watts of electricity.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” 3์กฐ ์™€ํŠธ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
To power the entire world with only fossil fuels,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํžˆ๋ ค๋ฉด,
01:24
youโ€™d need at least about 1,200 square kilometers of spaceโ€”
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ ์–ด๋„ 1,200์ œ๊ณฑํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
roughly the area of Grand Bahama island.
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์–ด๋ฆผ์žก์•„ ๊ทธ๋žœ๋“œ ๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ์„ฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ด์ง€์š”.
01:31
With nuclear energy, youโ€™d need almost four times as much space at a minimumโ€”
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์›์ž๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ 4๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
roughly 4,000 square kilometers, a little less than the area of Delaware.
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์–ด๋ฆผ์žก์•„ 4,000์ œ๊ณฑํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ, ๋ธ๋ผ์›จ์–ด์ฃผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ž‘์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
With solar, youโ€™d need at least 95,000 square kilometers,
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ 95,000์ œ๊ณฑํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ,
01:45
approximately the area of South Korea.
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์–ด๋ฆผ์žก์•„ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
With wind power, youโ€™d need two millionโ€” about the area of Mexico.
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ํ’๋ ฅ์œผ๋ก  2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณฑํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
For each power source, thereโ€™s variability in how much power
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
01:56
it can generate per square meter,
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1์ œ๊ณฑ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
but these numbers give us a general sense of the space needed.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ง์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Of course, building energy infrastructure in a desert, a rainforest, a town,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰, ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ, ๋„์‹œ,
02:07
or even in the ocean are completely different prospects.
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—๋‹ค ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
And energy sources monopolize the space they occupy to very different extents.
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๊ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์›์ฒœ์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
Take wind power.
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ํ’๋ ฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ ๋“ญ์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:18
Wind turbines need to be spread outโ€” sometimes half a kilometer apartโ€”
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ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋Š” 500๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
so that the turbulence from one turbine
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๊ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋‚œ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€
02:25
doesnโ€™t reduce the efficiency of the others.
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์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
So, much of the land needed to generate wind power
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ํ’๋ ฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋•…๋“ค์€
02:31
is still available for other uses.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
But the baseline amount of space still matters,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
because cities and other densely populated areas have high electricity demands,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„์‹œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:41
and space near them is often limited.
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์ธ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
Our current power infrastructure works best
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์„ค๋“ค์€
02:47
when electricity is generated where and when itโ€™s needed,
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ›„ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
rather than being stored or sent across long distances.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค์š”.
02:54
Still, space demands are only part of the equation.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์š”๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ์ˆ˜์‹์˜ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
As of 2020, 2/3 of our electricity comes from fossil fuels.
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2020๋…„๋„์—๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ 2/3๋ฅผ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
Every year, electricity generation is responsible for about 27%
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๋งค๋…„ 500์–ต ํ†ค์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์ค‘์—์„œ
์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ์•ฝ 27%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
of the more than 50 billion tons of greenhouse gases
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03:12
we add to the atmosphere,
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์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ทธ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
accelerating climate change and all its harms.
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03:17
So although fossil fuels require the least space of our existing technologies,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ค‘์— ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์ ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
03:22
we canโ€™t continue to rely on them.
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ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์— ๊ณ„์† ์˜์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
Cost is another consideration.
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๋น„์šฉ์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Nuclear plants donโ€™t emit greenhouse gases and donโ€™t require much space,
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์›์ž๋ ฅ์€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
but theyโ€™re way more expensive to build than solar panels or wind turbines,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์›์ž๋ ฅ์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„์ด๋‚˜ ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋น„์‹ธ๊ณ ,
03:36
and have waste to deal with.
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์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผํ•  ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Renewables have almost no marginal costsโ€”
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์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
unlike with plants powered by fossil fuels,
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
you donโ€™t need to keep purchasing fuel to generate electricity.
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
But you do need lots of wind and sunlight,
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๋Œ€์‹  ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ–‡๋น›์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ
03:51
which are more available in some places than others.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ณณ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:55
No single approach will be the best option to power the entire world
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด์„œ
03:59
while eliminating harmful greenhouse gas emissions.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
For some places, nuclear power might be the best option
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์›์ž๋ ฅ์ด ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
04:05
for replacing fossil fuels.
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04:07
Others, like the U.S., have the natural resources
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์ž์›์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š”
04:10
to get most or all of their electricity from renewables.
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์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ถ€ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
And across the board, we should be working to make our power sources better:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
safer in the case of nuclear,
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์›์ž๋ ฅ์€ ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ,
04:21
and easier to store and transport in the case of renewables.
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์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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